Agilent Technologies 8719D, User Manual

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Figure 6-33. Sources of Error in a Reflection Measurement
characterize the errors, the reflection coefficient is measured by separating the incident
signal (I) from the reflected signal (R), then taking the ratio of the two values (see 6-34).
(R) consists only of the signal reflected by the test device for actual).
Figure 6-34. Reflection
However, of the incident signal does not always reach the unknown (see Figure 6-35).
Some of (I) may appear at the measurement system input due to leakage through the test
set or through a signal separation device. Also, some of (I) may be reflected by imperfect
adapters between a signal separation device and the measurement plane. The vector sum of
the leakage and the miscellaneous reflections is the effective Understandably,
the measurement is distorted when the directivity signal combines vectorally with the actual
reflected signal from the unknown,
Application and Operation Concepts