The exhaust manifold is made in three parts in heat-
resistant cast steel. The joints are sealed with seal
rings. Between the cylinder head and the manifold
flanges, there are gaskets made from graphite coated
sheet steel.
The turbocharger has a turbine with a by-pass and is
of MWE type (Map Width Enhancement). The com-
pressor's air inlet is divided into an inner and outer
area, connected via a ring-shaped chamber.
The by-pass valve on the exhaust side is designed to
protect the turbo by reducing its speed at high power
levels. The valve is influenced by turbo pressure via
an actuator and a lever.
A Exhaust flow at low turbo pressure is shown
here. The valve is closed and the entire exhaust
flow is through the turbine rotor.
B When the turbo pressure reaches a certain
level, the valve starts to open. Some of the
exhaust gases flow via the valve and by-pass
the turbine thus reducing turbine revolutions.
C When the engine is working hard at low speed,
the air that the engine cannot use is recirculated
via the ring-shaped chamber.
D At high engine speed and high turbo pressure,
the entire inlet area is used, which provides
more air to the engine. The turbo has thus a
broader working range and engine torque is
improved.
20-0 Engine Information, General
96
7748841 06-2010
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