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Time

Domain

Antenna

Impedance

Measurements

are

used

in

waveguide

in

place

of

the

open

circuit).

With

a

balanced

test

conguration,

these

measurement

errors

are

very

stable

and

repeatable

,

and

their

eects

can

be

removed

from

the

measured

data.

Note

When

calibrating

at

the

end

of

a

cable

,

it

is

important

to

minimize

the

movement

of

the

cable

during

and

after

the

measurement

calibration

(since

this

can

change

it's

frequency

response

and

invalidate

the

calibration).

In

addition,

to

minimize

the

eects

of

changing

temperature

on

measurement

calibration,

it

is

important

that

the

test

and

reference

cable

lengths

be

approximately

equal.

(T

o

test

for

this

,

measure

a

short

circuit

with

no

calibration

applied

and

view

the

Frequency

Domain

phase

.

A

well

balanced

test

conguration

will

have

little

or

no

phase

change

with

frequency

when

a

coaxial

short

circuit

is

measured.)

Eects

of

1-P

ort

Calibration

With

calibration

OFF

,

the

location

(in

time)

of

the

antenna

impedance

is

determined

by

the

electrical

balance

of

the

test

and

reference

cables

.

After

calibration

is

applied,

the

reference

plane

will

be

shifted

to

zero

seconds

(this

is

a

result

of

the

phase

calibration

that

occurs

to

the

Frequency

Domain

data).

The

1-port

calibration

greatly

improves

the

accuracy

of

the

impedance

measurement.

Antenna

Impedance

Time

Domain

Concepts

The

following

concepts

are

important

to

understand

when

interpreting

the

measured

antenna

impedance

Time

Domain

responses

.

Masking

in

Impedance

Measurements

Masking

is

a

physical

phenomenon

that

occurs

when

an

impulse

response

of

one

impedance

discontinuity

aects

(or

hides)

the

response

of

subsequent

discontinuities

in

the

antenna.

This

occurs

because

the

energy

reected

from

(or

absorbed

in)

the

rst

discontinuity

never

reaches

the

second.

The

net

eect

is

that

the

subsequent

discontinuities

will

present

a

lower

impedance

than

would

occur

if

the

rst

discontinuity

was

not

present.

In

addition,

the

antenna

under

test

will

radiate

energy

during

the

impedance

measurement.

This

radiated

energy

can

reect

o

nearby

objects

and

be

received

by

the

test

antenna.

This

appears

in

the

Time

Domain

as

an

impedance

response

that

is

far

separated

(in

time)

from

the

response

of

the

actual

antenna.

F

or

this

reason,

it

is

recommended

that

the

antenna

be

pointed

toward

free

space

(if

outdoors)

or

towards

low

reection

absorber

when

making

impedance

measurements

.

Gating

can

be

used

to

remove

the

eects

of

these

radiated-reected

signals

from

the

impedance

measurement.

Gating

in

Impedance

Measurements

.

The

HP

8530A

Gating

feature

provides

the

ability

to

selective

view

individual

portions

of

the

Time

Domain

response

.

After

converting

back

to

the

Frequency

Domain,

the

eects

of

the

Time

Domain

responses

outside

of

the

gate

are

removed.

F

or

antenna

impedance

measurements

,

this

allows

the

user

to

view

the

responses

of

individual

discontinuities

within

the

antenna.

Y

ou

can

also

gate

out

responses

caused

by

radiated-reected

responses

.

See

the

section

on

RCS

Gating

for

a

discussion

of

gate

lter

shapes

.

There

is

no

provision

for

using

gating

during

a

1-port

calibration

(because

of

its

inherent

high

accuracy).

However

,

gating

can

be

used

after

1-port

calibration

is

turned

ON.

13-20

Introduction

to

Time

Domain

RCS

and

Antenna

Measurements

Содержание 8530A

Страница 1: ...Operating and Programming Manual HP 8530A Receiver ABCDE HP Part No 8530 90010 Printed in USA February 1994 Edition 2 ...

Страница 2: ...help you support your product This manual provides the best information we could find It may be incomplete or contain dated information and the scan quality may not be ideal If we find a better copy in the future we will add it to the Agilent website Support for Your Product Agilent no longer sells or supports this product You will find any other available product information on the Agilent Test M...

Страница 3: ...Legal Information Legal notices are posted in the beginning of the HP 8530A User s Guide c Copyright 1994 Hewlett Packard Company All rights reserved ...

Страница 4: ...s which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change The manual part number changes when extensive technical changes are incorporated The following versions of this manual have been produced Edition Date Firmware Revision Edition 1 June 1992 A 01 40 Edition 2 October 1993 A 01 60 Manual Applicability This manual applies to HP 8530A Receivers having an HP 85102R IF detector with seri...

Страница 5: ... It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Safety Earth Ground This is a Safety Class I product provided with a protective earthing terminal An uninterruptible safety e...

Страница 6: ...performed by quali ed personnel Capacitors inside this product could still be charged even when disconnected from their power source To avoid a re hazard only fuses with the required current rating and of the speci ed type normal blow time delay etc are to be used for replacement v ...

Страница 7: ...omputer variable For example Type LOAD BIN lename 4Return5 Computer Computer type is used to depict on screen prompts and messages 4Front Panel Keys5 Front panel keys are shown in enclosed boxes Numbers you must enter into the data keypad are shown in normal print they are not enclosed in boxes NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Soft Keys Softkeys are the keys on the right hand side of the display The ...

Страница 8: ...returned to HP from another country HP warrants that its software and rmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument HP does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or rmware will be uninterrupted or error free LIMITATION OF WARRANTY The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects result...

Страница 9: ......

Страница 10: ...isplay Precise Values for Any Point on Display Traces 1 8 External Video Monitor 1 8 Optional Network Analysis 1 8 Input Output Features 1 8 Printing and Plotting Features 1 8 Peripheral Instruments 1 8 Built In Disc Drive 1 8 How the HP 8530A Receiver Di ers from Similar Products 1 9 Options 1 10 Option 005 Positioner Encoder Compatibility 1 10 Option 010 Time Domain Operation 1 10 Option 011 Add...

Страница 11: ...imeter Wave Subsystem 1 18 HP 8511A B Frequency Converter Test Set 1 18 Compatible Printers 1 18 Compatible Plotters 1 19 Compatible External Monitors 1 19 2 System Overview Chapter Contents 2 1 Principles of Operation 2 2 Description of HP 8530A Internal Processes 2 2 Analog Section 2 3 Digital Section 2 3 Analog Signal Process Stages 2 4 Digital Data Process Stages 2 5 About the Main Microproces...

Страница 12: ...STRUMENT STATE Block 3 10 AUXILIARY MENUS Block 3 10 MEASUREMENT RESTART Key 3 11 HP IB Mode Diagnostic Indicator 3 11 Built In Disc Drive 3 11 Recessed TEST button 3 11 Rear Panel Features 3 12 Top Box Rear Panel 3 12 RS 232 1 and RS 232 2 3 12 EXTERNAL DISPLAY 3 13 IF DISPLAY INTERCONNECT 3 13 SYSTEM INTERCONNECT System Bus Connector 3 13 HP IB Connector HP IB Bus 3 14 Line Voltage Selector 3 14...

Страница 13: ...Frequency Domain Calibrations 5 9 Using a Frequency Domain Calibration in Angle Domain 5 9 Standard Gain Antenna De nitions 5 11 Performing an Antenna Calibration 5 11 Frequency Domain Calibration 5 11 Angle Domain Calibration 5 15 Important Note On Antenna Measurements 5 17 Things to Try 5 17 RCS Calibration 5 18 RCS Calibration Description 5 18 Important Information about Gating During the Calib...

Страница 14: ...on Data 5 39 Modifying Network Analyzer Calibration Kit De nitions 5 40 Modifying a Network Analyzer Cal Set 5 42 Reduce Number of Points After Calibration 5 42 E ects in Step Sweep Mode 5 42 E ects in Ramp Sweep Mode 5 42 De ning a Frequency Subset 5 43 Create and Save the Frequency Subset 5 43 E ects in Ramp Sweep Mode 5 44 Adjusting Trim Sweep 5 45 Trim Sweep Procedure 5 45 Creating a Standard ...

Страница 15: ...ll Sync Types 5 66 HP 8530A Settings 5 66 Monitor Settings 5 66 When external video con guration settings change 5 67 Using Trace Memory 5 67 Storing a Trace in Memory 5 67 Displaying the Memory Trace 5 67 Settings that can and cannot be changed 5 68 Displaying Data and Memory at the Same Time 5 68 Settings that can and cannot be changed 5 68 Selecting Default Memory 5 68 Volatile and non volatile...

Страница 16: ...ve O set 6 8 O sets are axis independent 6 8 Adding incremental o sets 6 8 Encoder Settings and Save Recall Registers 6 8 Details about Save O set 6 8 O sets are axis independent 6 8 Adding incremental o sets 6 8 Using o set functions 6 8 Frequency Time Domain Stimulus Control 6 9 Setting Frequency Values 6 9 When to Use START STOP versus CENTER SPAN 6 10 Selecting Frequencies Using Markers 6 10 S...

Страница 17: ...ameter Measurements 7 3 Rede ning Parameters 7 3 Descriptions of Each De nition Type 7 4 Rede ne Basic Parameters 7 4 Changing the Display Title 7 5 8 Format Functions Introduction 8 1 Display Format Keys 8 1 Format Menu Softkeys 8 2 Important Information Regarding Polar Format 8 2 Polar in the Angle Domain 8 2 Polar in Frequency Domain 8 2 Format Examples 8 3 Cartesian Log Format 8 3 Polar Log Fo...

Страница 18: ...pter Contents 12 1 Viewing Multiple Parameters and Channels 12 1 How Many Parameters does the Receiver Measure 12 1 Selecting the Number of Parameters or Channels to Display 12 1 Viewing Data from Disc 12 2 13 Introduction to Time Domain RCS and Antenna Measurements Chapter Contents 13 1 Introduction 13 1 Using Front Panel Controls in Time Domain Mode 13 1 Time Domain General Theory 13 2 Time Doma...

Страница 19: ... 19 Antenna Impedance Alias Free Range and Aliasing 13 19 E ects of 1 Port Calibration on Antenna Impedance Time Domain Responses 13 19 E ects of 1 Port Calibration 13 20 Antenna Impedance Time Domain Concepts 13 20 Masking in Impedance Measurements 13 20 Gating in Impedance Measurements 13 20 Time Domain Antenna Transmission Measurements 13 21 Time Domain Characterization of Antenna Range Multipa...

Страница 20: ...ent that Created the Data 15 16 CITI le Packages 15 17 Multiple Data Lists in a Single Package 15 17 CITI le Keyword Reference 15 18 HP 8530 Speci c NA De nitions 15 20 Data Grouping 15 20 HP 8530 Receiver Keywords 15 20 Error Array Numbering 15 23 CITI le Examples 15 24 A Display Memory File 15 24 Data File Examples 15 25 Data File Example 1 Frequency Domain Step or Ramp Mode 15 25 Data File Exam...

Страница 21: ...Steps Required for the HP DeskJet 500C 16 10 Using an HP QuietJet QuietJet Plus PaintJet or PaintJet XL Printer 16 11 Serial Setup 16 11 Serial DIP switch settings 16 11 HP IB Setup 16 11 HP IB address DIP switch settings 16 11 Prepare the Printer for Use 16 12 Con guring the Receiver 16 12 Selecting Printer Resolution HP QuietJet and QuietJet Plus printers 16 12 Selecting Printer Resolution HP Pa...

Страница 22: ...3 Lock Type 17 3 Step Type 17 3 Normal Step 17 4 Quick Step Mode 17 4 Lock Speed 17 4 Warning Beeper 17 5 IF Calibration and Correction 17 5 IF Calibration Controls 17 5 Display Functions 17 6 Creating a Title 17 6 Deleting a Title 17 6 Adjusting the Date Time Clock 17 6 Security Features 17 7 Controls that A ect I O 17 8 HP IB Addresses 17 8 HP IB Con gure 17 9 Edit Multiple Source 17 9 Remote Sw...

Страница 23: ...ailable from the HP 8530A 18 5 Raw Data 18 6 Corrected Data Array 18 6 Formatted Data Array 18 7 If in Frequency or Time Domain 18 7 If in Angle Domain 18 7 Data Always Comes from the Active Channel 18 8 Available Data Transfer Formats 18 8 How Much Data Is Transferred 18 9 Preparing the Computer to Transmit or Receive Data 18 9 Setting up the I O Path 18 9 The size of the preamble size block and ...

Страница 24: ... Plot User Graphics HP GL 18 25 Example 14 Plot to User Display Using BASIC HP GL 18 26 Vector Diagrams 18 26 Text 18 27 Select Pen Colors 18 27 Using the Internal Disc to Store the User Display 18 27 Summary of User Graphics Statements 18 27 Summary of User Display Instructions 18 28 Example 15 Rede ne Parameter 18 28 Example 16 Read and Output Caution Tell Message 18 28 Example 17 Read and Outpu...

Страница 25: ...1A B Frequency Converter 20 3 Possible Solutions 20 3 LO Signal Level Problems applies to the HP 85309A only 20 4 LO Signal Is Too Low 20 4 HP 85309A LO POWER OUT OF RANGE light is ON During Measurement 20 4 Rotary Joint Problems 20 5 Common Error Messages 20 6 A 20 6 ABORTED ENCODER TRIGGERED SWEEP 20 6 ADDITIONAL STANDARDS NEEDED 20 6 In Antenna Calibration 20 6 In Network Analyzer Calibration 2...

Страница 26: ...Your System Uses the HP 85309A 20 12 An Instrument will not Respond to Computer Control 20 12 If the instrument operates manually 20 12 If the instrument does not operate manually 20 13 A System Bus Instrument will not Respond 20 13 If the instrument operates manually 20 13 If the instrument does not operate manually 20 14 HP 85309A LO IF Unit Problems 20 14 LO IF Unit Does Not Turn ON 20 14 The L...

Страница 27: ...n Response and Isolation Error Model 5 30 5 8 Calibration Setup for 1 Port Cal 5 32 5 9 1 Port Error Model 5 32 5 10 1 Port Cal Menu 5 33 5 11 LOADS Frequency Ranges 5 33 5 12 Reduced Number of Points After Calibration 5 42 5 13 Modify Cal Set Frequency Subset Menu 5 43 5 14 De ning a Frequency Subset 5 44 5 15 Typical Standard Gain Antenna Performance Graph 5 48 5 16 Typical Standard Gain Antenna...

Страница 28: ...in Polar Formats 8 2 8 3 Cartesian Log Format for a Single Parameter 8 3 8 4 Polar Log Format for a Single Parameter 8 4 8 5 Dual Channel Overlay Display 8 5 8 6 Dual Channel Split Display 8 6 8 7 Frequency and Time Domain Display 8 7 9 1 Response Function Block 9 1 9 2 Response Menu Structure 9 3 9 3 Results of Averaging 9 6 9 4 Smoothing Operation 9 6 9 5 Results of Smoothing 9 7 11 1 Instrument...

Страница 29: ...nic Mixer 17 11 17 6 Edit Multiple Source Menu 17 12 17 7 Source 2 Modi ed for 3rd Harmonic Mixer System 17 12 17 8 Finished Multiple Source Con guration for LO Source and 3rd Harmonic Mixers 17 14 17 9 Module Testing Example 17 15 17 10 Finished Multiple Source Con guration for Hypothetical Module 17 16 17 11 Service Functions Menu 17 17 17 12 Simpli ed Block Diagram of the HP 8530A Receiver 17 2...

Страница 30: ... 10 1 Numeric Value Terminator Key Usage 10 2 13 1 Approximate Impulse Width Formulas for Di erent Window Types Time Domain Waveforms 13 6 13 2 Gate Shape Characteristics Using Di erent Window Settings 13 14 13 3 Useful Time Band Pass Formats 13 18 13 4 Gating Uncertainty 13 23 14 1 Instrument Factory Preset Conditions 14 2 15 1 Disc Storage Capacities 15 2 15 2 Information You Can Store To Disc a...

Страница 31: ......

Страница 32: ...eci cations Environmental Characteristics Compatible Instruments Compatible Printers and Plotters Compatible External Monitors Operating and Safety Precautions Operating ESD electrostatic discharge can damage the microcircuits in the HP 8530A Such damage is most likely to occur as cables are connected or disconnected To avoid ESD damage wear a grounding strap or ground yourself by touching any gro...

Страница 33: ...iding the features you need for many di erent types of measurements The HP 8530A must be used with a frequency down converter The following HP down converters are supported HP 8511A B frequency converter HP 85310A distributed frequency converter HP 85325 millimeter wave subsystems the HP 85325A and HP 85309A used together make a complete frequency converter system Note The HP 85309A is a four chan...

Страница 34: ...General Information Figure 1 2 Antenna Measurement Setup Using an HP 85310A GeneralInformation 1 3 ...

Страница 35: ...nd that these qualities made the HP 8510 an excellent receiver for automated computer controlled testing of antennas and for RCS applications To provide more performance for antenna and RCS users Hewlett Packard designed the HP 8530A This dedicated receiver is optimized for faster speeds contains special antenna and optional RCS features and provides manual measurement capabilities using Angle Dom...

Страница 36: ...se from Ramp Step or Frequency List sweep modes Figure 1 4 Frequency Domain Time Domain This optional feature allows you to make RCS measurements or see the time domain response of an antenna time is shown on the display x axis One use of time domain is when measuring multi path range re ections Internal triggering is usually used in this mode Time domain data is mathematically calculated from Fre...

Страница 37: ...ume you connect the reference signal into a1 You could then use a2 b1 and b2 to measure test signals The PARAM keys described below select which inputs to ratio for your measurement Selectable Input Ratios 4PARAM 15 4PARAM 25 4PARAM 35 and 4PARAM 45 select a speci c pair of inputs to ratio and measure PARAM is short for parameter For example 4PARAM 15 mathematically divides ratios input b1 data by...

Страница 38: ...ent or system status Data Presentation Features The HP 8530A can show measurement results on its display It can display Antenna patterns Frequency response measurements Time domain Radar Cross Section RCS frequency and time domain measurements Return Loss or SWR The HP 8530A allows you to print or plot measurement results Display Formats You can select logarithmic or linear magnitude display forma...

Страница 39: ...ny input output capabilities using HP IB System Bus RS 232 external monitor interface and TTL rear panel connectors Printing and Plotting Features The HP 8530A can output data to a wide range of HP IB or RS 232 printers or plotters Laser printers are also supported Peripheral Instruments The HP 8530A can control RF and LO signal sources frequency converters and RF switches Refer to Compatible Inst...

Страница 40: ...IB command In addition you can choose which parameters input ratios will be measured on successive triggers The HP 8530A has a data acquisition handshake line that tells external hardware when the HP 8530A is ready for another trigger The HP 8530A can track increment triggers from the positioner controller and take data at exactly the right time The HP 8530A provides antenna gain and RCS calibrati...

Страница 41: ... and 8510C operation you must load the appropriate operating system from disc When using the receiver as an HP 8510C refer to the supplied HP 8510C manuals for operating information Option 908 Rack Mount Kit for instruments without handles This HP 8530A rack mount kit allows you to mount the receiver to a standard 19 inch rack The rack anges in this kit are not compatible with front handles To obt...

Страница 42: ...rmance ver Disc2 1 08510 10033 HP 8510C Software Toolkit Disc1 1 85103 10002 HP 8530A Software Toolkit Disc 1 08530 10002 HP 85102 Adjustments Disc1 1 08510 10024 Calibration Data Disc1 1 08510 10034 CMP program kit3 1 85101 60040 Documentation HP 8530A manual set 1 08530 90001 HP 8510C manual set1 1 08510 90275 Other Items Alcohol Cleaning Fluid bottle 1 8500 5344 Swabs package 1 08530 90001 1 On...

Страница 43: ...em Cabinet stands 128 cm 50 5 in high 60 cm 23 6 in wide and 80 cm 31 5 in deep It comes with support rails AC power distribution and rack mounting hardware Connector Savers A connector saver is an adapter or short cable that saves wear and tear on the mixer input connectors Hewlett Packard recommends that you use connector savers on the RF inputs of the mixers This is especially important on the ...

Страница 44: ...ouch Up Paint Touch up paint is shipped in spray cans Spray a cotton swab with paint and apply it to the damaged area Table 1 2 Touch Up Paint Color Where the Color is Used Part Number Dove Gray Front panel frames portions of front handles mixer modules 6010 1146 French Gray Side top and bottom covers 6010 1147 Parchment Gray Rack mount anges front panels 6010 1148 GeneralInformation 1 13 ...

Страница 45: ...040 to 158 F Humidity For Operation 5 to 95 at 40 C or less non condensing For Storage 5 to 95 at 65 C or less non condensing Pressure Altitude Operation or Storage Less than 4 600 meters 15 000 feet Radio Frequency Interference For Operation Any radiated elds at 20 MHz 610 kHz must be 1 volt meter Electrical Requirements Voltage 90 to 127 195 to 253 Vac Power 460 VA maximum Frequency 47 5 to 66 H...

Страница 46: ... are in the system If your system exceeds the allowed HP IB cable length you must use HP IB extenders for one of the devices Allowable System Bus Cable Lengths Calculate the system bus limitation separately using the same formula There is usually one instrument connected to this bus the RF source 2 meters device 2 1 device 2 meters allowable length Because the RF source is often far away from the ...

Страница 47: ...A require option H87 HP 83640A 008 None HP 83642A 008 None HP 83650A 008 None HP 83651A None None Fast measurement speed and Quick Step mode Older sources such as HP 8340 41 or early HP 8360s had slower frequency switching speeds than newer HP 8360 sources Typically these slower sources limited the receiver to Frequency Domain measurement speeds of 35 to 70 ms per frequency point fast measurement ...

Страница 48: ...ier than March 8 1991 it is not compatible even if the hardware is compatible 3 Includes installation 4 Cannot be upgraded Compatible RF Sources Any HP 8340 41 synthesized source see note below Any HP 8360 836xx family synthesized source Note Although any HP 8340 or 8341 will function with this receiver units with rmware dated 11 May 1988 and later allow you to make faster Step Sweep measurements ...

Страница 49: ...Hz The HP 8511B frequency converter covers RF microwave frequencies from 45 MHz to 50 GHz The HP 8511A or B o ers simple setup and low cost frequency conversion The HP 8511A or B can also be used as a network analyzer test set during optional HP 8510C operation In this con guration the HP 8511 requires an external signal separation device such as a directional coupler Compatible Printers The HP 85...

Страница 50: ... The monitor must accept separate R G B signals The monitor must accept RGB signals at 7 volts Multisync monitors commonly meet all these requirements The monitor can have one or two sync inputs composite sync or separate H V sync and positive and negative sync is supported Some of the monitors that can be run with the HP 8530A are listed below Table 1 6 External Monitors Manufacturer Model NEC Mu...

Страница 51: ......

Страница 52: ...ents The following topics are covered in this chapter Principles of Operation Description of HP 8530A Internal Processes Analog Signal Process Stages Digital Data Process Stages Factory Preset State Hardware State SystemOverview 2 1 ...

Страница 53: ...F source and if required LO source This interface allows the receiver to make hard copy outputs to HP IB compatible printers or plotters Two RS 232 ports are also supplied for printing or plotting The system must contain a frequency converter which down converts the RF measurement frequencies to the 20 MHz IF required by the HP 8530A To create the IF frequency the HP 8511A B frequency converter us...

Страница 54: ...cessor takes the digital data and performs any selected data processing averaging calibration time domain and so on The instrument then displays the results in any format you choose You can also output the results to printer plotter disc or external computer There are two identical digital processing paths called Channel 1 and Channel 2 You can have di erent features turned ON in the two channels ...

Страница 55: ...rately down converts each signal to a 100 kHz IF carrier frequency that can be used by the detection circuitry Refer to Figure 2 1 Because frequency conversions are phase coherent and the IF signal paths are carefully matched by design Thus magnitude and phase relationships between the input signals are maintained throughout the frequency conversion and detection stages Automatic fully calibrated ...

Страница 56: ...imaginary y parts of the test or reference signal by comparing the input to an internally generated 100 kHz sine wave This method practically eliminates drift o sets and circularity errors as sources of measurement uncertainty Each x y pair is sequentially converted to digital values which are sent to the main microprocessor Digital Data Process Stages Digital signal processing proceeds under the ...

Страница 57: ...its own raw data array and each channel has its own separate group of four parameters each The raw data array can be stored to disc or be transferred to or from a computer You can actually send raw data into the receiver from a computer and the HP 8530A will process that data through later stages as if it were measured data Now any selected averaging is performed on Channel 1 or Channel 2 If the F...

Страница 58: ...delay table allows you to modify the data to suit special needs This feature is explained under Delay Table in the keyword dictionary Corrected Data Array The data is now stored in the Corrected Data Array The corrected data for the active parameter on the active channel are stored in this array This data array can be stored to disc or be transferred to or from a computer If data is transferred fr...

Страница 59: ... the data as speci ed by the user and display it on the screen Channel Coupling Many stimulus settings such as RF power start stop increment angle start stop or CW frequency number of points and so on are coupled always the same between the two channels If a stimulus feature is coupled you cannot choose di erent settings for that feature between Channel 1 and Channel 2 If a stimulus feature is unc...

Страница 60: ... assigning a hierarchy to the instrument settings Here is the hierarchy Channel 1 or 2 Domain Frequency Angle or Time Parameter 1 2 3 or 4 Format any display format Response scale and reference line Every mode in the above list remembers all settings you make that are lower in the hierarchy For example assume you choose the following measurement settings Channel 1 Angle Domain Parameter 3 Log mag ...

Страница 61: ...state memory explained above To save stimulus settings along with all the other settings you must use the SAVE RECALL feature Two other advantages of the Save Recall feature are Saved instrument states can be stored to disc Instrument states saved to Save Recall register 8 becomes the default power ON or User Preset state 2 10 SystemOverview ...

Страница 62: ...P TIME 166 ms Sweep Mode STEP sweep CONTINUAL Step Type NORMAL PARAMETER Channel 1 Param 1 Channel 2 Param 2 FORMAT Channel 1 LOG MAG Channel 2 LOG MAG RESPONSE SCALE 10 dB division REF VALUE 0 dB REF POSN 5 ELECTRICAL DELAY 0 seconds COAXIAL AVERAGING OFF SMOOTHING OFF PHASE OFFSET 0 degrees MAGNITUDE OFFSET 0 dB MAGNITUDE SLOPE 0 dB GHz NORMALIZE OFF CAL CORRECTION OFF Z0 50 Ohms VELOCITY FACTOR...

Страница 63: ...Selected bus HP IB Address 5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of PRINTER Selected bus HP IB Address 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of DISC 0 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of SOURCE 2 31 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of PASS THRU 31 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 64: ...ight Yellow P2 Data Bright Cyan P3 Data Bright Salmon P4 Data Bright Green Graticule Dim Grey Marker Symbols White P1 Memory Dim Yellow P2 Memory Dim Cyan P3 Memory Dim Salmon P4 Memory Dim Green Stimulus Values Dim White External Video Sync Sync on Green Negative Power Leveling Source 1 internal Source 2 internal SystemOverview 2 13 ...

Страница 65: ......

Страница 66: ...nd Rear Panel Chapter Contents Front Panel Display Features Display Annotation Areas One Character Special Display Annotations Using Softkey Menus Front Panel Features Rear Panel Features Frontand RearPanel 3 1 ...

Страница 67: ...rameter information display format reference line value and the scale division are shown Color matches the identi cation labels to the trace display The active parameter is indicated by a 7 symbol and the color of the stimulus values at the bottom of display match the color of the active parameter In the Single Parameter and Dual Channel display modes Channel 1 information appears on the left and ...

Страница 68: ...ote that error messages do not disappear automatically This it is possible for an error message to remain on the display even if the error condition no longer exists One Character Special Display Annotations Along the left side of the screen certain one character labels appear when you select receiver functions that a ect the accuracy or presentation of the measurement trace These labels are Measu...

Страница 69: ...ey Menus The HP 8530 receiver system has a series of menus and sub menus Various operations can be selected modi ed and recalled using front panel keys and the eight softkeys located to the right of the display The Menu Structures chapter of the HP 8530A Keyword Dictionary shows all instrument menus in a series of fold out illustrations HP IB commands are shown next to each softkey where applicabl...

Страница 70: ... setting next to one another Figure 3 3 Channel Selection Keys Channel 1 and 2 can have di erent PARAMETER FORMAT or RESPONSE settings In addition you can select Time Domain on one channel and Frequency Domain on the other For example you could set Channel 1 to Frequency Domain PARAM 1 Then you could set Channel 2 to Time Domain PARAM 2 The receiver will measure each channel and display the Fronta...

Страница 71: ...RF power start stop increment angle start stop or CW frequency number of points and so on are coupled If a stimulus feature is coupled you cannot choose di erent settings for Channel 1 versus Channel 2 If a stimulus feature is uncoupled you can choose di erent settings in the two channels If you want to know whether a speci c feature is coupled or uncoupled look it up in the keyword dictionary 3 6...

Страница 72: ...by the range and shows the actual performance of the Antenna Under Test You can rede ne any of the parameter keys to ratio any two inputs you desire You can also look at any single input using the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE 1 a1 through NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE 4 b1 softkeys FORMAT Format keys let you choose how the data is displayed on the screen You can ...

Страница 73: ...teps Changing Values Using the Numeric Keypad To change a value using the numeric keypad 1 Select the function start angle frequency or any other function that requires a value This function becomes the active function 2 Enter the new value using numeric decimal and the 4 05 toggle 4 05 changes the sign of the number If you make a mistake press the 4BACKSPACE5 key If you have already pressed a ter...

Страница 74: ...f the active marker for example assume the marker value is 013 2 dB Press 4REF VALUE5 4 MARKER5 and the display reference line will change to the value of the active marker MENUS Block The four keys under MENUS are 4CAL5 4DOMAIN5 4DISPLAY5 and 4MARKER5 CAL Softkeys under 4CAL5 allow you to perform Antenna calibration Radar cross section RCS calibration 1 Port network analyzer calibration DOMAIN Th...

Страница 75: ... press 4USER PRESET5 An instrument state is de ned as the condition of all current measurement settings including all domain stimulus parameter format and response settings More information on the 4SAVE5 and 4RECALL5 keys are provided in Chapter 14 Save and Recall AUXILIARY MENUS Block The AUXILIARY MENUS contain the 4COPY5 4DISC5 and 4SYSTEM5 keys 4COPY5 controls hardcopy output either printing o...

Страница 76: ...e self test indicators They normally ash various numbers during power on then go out If one or more numbers stay on permanently there is a problem in the receiver The HP IB and SRQ functions are discussed in Chapter 18 HP IB Programming Built In Disc Drive The built in disc drive allows you to save measurement data data from memory instrument con guration setups save recall registers calibration d...

Страница 77: ...as dedicated printer plot bu ers for these outputs although the bu er for port 1 is larger It is recommended that Port 1 be used for high resolution printers such as the HP DeskJet or Laser printers The larger printer bu er allows the instrument to nish servicing the printout more quickly and return to making measurements You can select RS 232 1 or RS 232 1 for your serial printer or plotter throu...

Страница 78: ...3 EXTBLUE 12 No Connection 7 EXTGREENRTN 2 EXTGREEN 11 DGND 6 EXTREDRTN 1 EXTRED IF DISPLAY INTERCONNECT This interface is the communication link between the top and bottom portion of the HP 8530 The IF DISPLAY INTERCONNECT cable must be connected or the receiver will not function SYSTEM INTERCONNECT System Bus Connector This bus allows the receiver to control slave instruments RF source LO source...

Страница 79: ...sed to communicate with the HP 85370A Position Encoder The HP 8530A must be equipped with option 005 before it can operate with the HP 85370A Position Encoder EVENT TRIGGER BNC This jack receives TTL external trigger signals from the positioner controller Triggering occurs on the negative edge of the trigger pulse External triggering is selected through the STIMULUS 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNN...

Страница 80: ...n with the STOP SWP connection allows the Ramp Sweep and Quick Step modes to function 10 MHz IN BNC This jack allows you to lock the HP 8530A timebase to the timebase of the synthesized source This is recommended if your system uses a synthesized LO source 20 MHz OUT BNC This jack is used for service functions PULSE OUT OPT 008 BNC This jack is not used by the HP 8530A at this time ANALOG 610V BNC...

Страница 81: ......

Страница 82: ...ctive parameter at any given time The same applies to markers Figure 4 1 Channel Selection Keys Independent Channel Settings Channel 1 and 2 can have di erent PARAMETER FORMAT or RESPONSE settings In addition you can select Time Domain on one channel and Frequency Domain on the other For example you could set Channel 1 to Frequency Domain PARAM 1 Then you could set Channel 2 to Time Domain PARAM 2...

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Страница 84: ...5 Menus Block Chapter Contents Calibration Domain Display Markers MenusBlock 5 1 ...

Страница 85: ...5 2 Menus Block ...

Страница 86: ...djusting trim sweep Creating a Standard Gain Antenna De nition Information Pertaining to All Calibration Types What is Calibration Calibration regardless of the exact type reduces repeatable systematic errors caused by the system the chamber or the antenna range To achieve this the receiver measures one or more standards of known characteristics During calibration the receiver 1 Measures the stand...

Страница 87: ...if you calibrate using the same equipment and instrument settings that you plan to use during the measurement Use the Same Equipment Setup in the Measurement You must calibrate using the same adapters and cables that will be used for the measurement If the adapters or cables are changed between calibration and measurement unpredictable errors will result due to the fact that the error coe cients d...

Страница 88: ...easure that equipment as it was originally set up the calibration will be valid For example assume you originally connected the equipment to inputs b1 and a1 and performed the calibration using b1 a1 ratio You can select any parameter key that is currently de ned as b1 a1 and the calibration will be valid You can rede ne any parameter key to be b1 a1 Changing Stimulus Values Changing any of the fo...

Страница 89: ...calibration This can be easily accomplished by turning Averaging ON before beginning the calibration then leaving averaging factor as the active function during the calibration If you are using averaging If averaging is ON during calibration then the correct number of measurements needed to provide fully averaged data are automatically taken For Ramp sweeps this means that n 1 sweeps where n is th...

Страница 90: ...Calibration Requirements Figure 5 1 Cal and Cal Type Menus MenusBlock 5 7 ...

Страница 91: ...ion including step by step procedures on performing calibrations The receiver provides the following calibration types Antenna Calibration RCS Calibration Network Analyzer Calibration only described in the operating and programming manual Response Calibration Response and Isolation Calibration 1 Port Calibration 5 8 MenusBlock ...

Страница 92: ...nna de nition Cal Set A nished calibration data le During the calibration the standard gain antenna is measured and its performance is compared to one or more antenna de nitions Any di erences are stored in an internal cal set register These di erences are the error coe cients which when subtracted from the measurement result in calibrated results In antenna calibration the nal measurement data is...

Страница 93: ...Antenna Calibration 5 10 MenusBlock ...

Страница 94: ...t your Narda standard gain horn calibration data may be di erent than the data on le AC_NAR1 If You Are Not Using One of the Pre De ned Narda Horns Create your own cal de nition le as explained in Creating a Standard Gain Antenna De nition at the end of this chapter You will need a personal computer and a text editor that can save text in plain ASCII format Note If you calibrate over a wide freque...

Страница 95: ...exibility in the calibration and often results in inconvenient increment values like 17 67 MHz STEP SIZE allows you to choose a step size that is convenient Note Ramp Sweep mode is not always usable depending on how your system is con gured Ramp Sweep mode will not function is systems that use an LO source In addition Ramp Sweep requires two BNC connections between the receiver and the RF source S...

Страница 96: ...he section on creating standard gain antenna de nitions in this chapter c Select a calibration frequency span that is within the frequency range of the standard gain antenna and do the calibration over again 4 If you are calibrating for a wide frequency range requiring more than one standard gain antenna a Mount the next standard gain antenna b If necessary boresight the antenna You must stay in t...

Страница 97: ...ble 5 1 Proper Connector Torque Connector Torque cm kg Torque N cm Torque in lbs Wrench Part Number Type N 52 508 45 8710 1935 3 5 mm 9 2 90 8 8720 1765 SMA 5 7 56 5 8710 1582 2 4 mm 9 2 90 8 8720 1765 7 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ISOLATION The receiver will perform the isolation calibration Saving the Cal Set to a Cal Set Register 8 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SAVE...

Страница 98: ...tween axes until the true boresight is found Antenna Calibration Steps 1 Press the 4CAL5 key located in the MENUS block then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ANT CAL uWave A 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FAR FIELD RESPONSE A menu will appear with seven standard gain antenna de nitions to choose from 2 Select the de nition for your standard...

Страница 99: ... 9 2 90 8 8720 1765 SMA 5 7 56 5 8710 1582 2 4 mm 9 2 90 8 8720 1765 5 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ISOLATION The receiver will perform the isolation calibration Saving the Cal Set to a Cal Set Register 6 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SAVE FAR FIELD A menu of eight cal set registers will appear Press any of the eight register softkeys and the cal set will be saved to th...

Страница 100: ...y List mode is so useful when performing calibrations Entering a known convenient step size makes it easy to know what frequencies are in the cal set Thus you know precisely which frequencies you can measure with that calibration Things to Try Assume you created a calibration in the Frequency Domain using the Frequency List mode and you save the cal set to Cal Set Register 1 Now go to the Angle Do...

Страница 101: ...me Domain chapter before performing an RCS calibration Important Information about Gating During the Calibration Keep the following in mind if using gating during RCS calibration After the RCS calibration is completed the calibrated response of the Calibration Target will move and the gate will no longer be centered around it To make sure that you do not accidentally leave the gate around the old ...

Страница 102: ...elect stimulus settings using one of the following methods Set start and stop frequency and number of points This method is acceptable if you are performing RCS calibrations for use in the Time Domain Use Frequency List mode with a start frequency stop frequency and a speci c frequency step value This method allows you to know the exact frequencies represented in the calibration This method is pre...

Страница 103: ...MPORTANT Press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CORRECTION OFF b Next determine the location and width of the target response An easy way to do this is to use display math i Remove the RCS target and allow the receiver to measure one full frequency sweep ii Save the measurement to memory by pressing 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY iii Select mat...

Страница 104: ...Select the type of calibration target by pressing one of the following NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TARGET SPHERE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLATE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIHEDRAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CYLINDER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DIHEDRAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OPTICAL SPHERE If You are Using a Sphere If you are NOT using gating during the calibrati...

Страница 105: ...e speci ed Select Averaging if Desired 7 If desired turn Averaging ON and set it to the required value For example press RESPONSE 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AVERAGING ON restart n x1 Where n is the desired averaging factor Perform the Calibration 8 Make sure the RCS target is on the mount 9 Press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RCS CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 106: ...background calibration 13 Remove the RCS target 14 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MEASURE BACKGROUND 15 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE RESP BACK Now select one the of eight cal set registers to hold the calibration data 16 Now proceed with normal RCS measurements If you used single sweep mode to nd the target response earlier in this procedu...

Страница 107: ... that is produced by the RF Source There are two types of xed load lowband and broadband A sliding load is a long device with a moving plunger This type of load is only used in 1 Port calibrations The sliding load has index marks along its length These marks allow you to move the plunger to di erent positions required by the 1 Port calibration The device has a designed in mismatch whose phase vect...

Страница 108: ...NNN LOAD FILE Important De nitions Cal Cal is an abbreviation for calibration Cal Kit A cal kit is a purchased set of calibration standards including shorts opens and loads Cal Kit De nition A data le that contains highly accurate data on the performance of the cal kit devices Cal Set A data le that holds the error coe cients for a single calibration There are eight cal set registers in the HP 853...

Страница 109: ...ne Parameter 1 to ratio any two inputs you desire Calibration Overview In a typical application Set up your system for the measurement you want to make Select the type of cal you want to perform Response Response Isolation or PARAM 1 1 Port Connect the rst calibration standard and press the softkey for that standard Repeat this step for each required standard Save the calibration in any of eight c...

Страница 110: ...lt of the calibration is that the test and reference paths look nearly identical electrically The advantage is that systematic tracking errors are greatly reduced A Response calibration requires a single standard class to measure the selected reference path s frequency response amplitude and phase To perform a calibration for re ection measurements you can use an open or a short For transmission c...

Страница 111: ...oftkey The sex shown on the softkey menu refers to the sex of the test port not to the sex of the calibration standard 6 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SHORT NNNNNNNNNNNNNN OPEN or NNNNNNNNNNNNNN THRU depending on the type of standard you have connected While the standard is being measured the message WAIT MEASURING CAL STANDARD appears Do not press any front panel key while this message is displayed unl...

Страница 112: ...rs or attenuators High dynamic range helps assure that low level signals are not masked by crosstalk responses The response and isolation calibration requires two standard classes The calibration standards you need for the response calibration depends on whether you are making a re ection or transmission measurement Response Calibration For re ection calibration you need to use an open or a short ...

Страница 113: ...n the display includes an M male or an F female choose the sex that applies to the test port connector This only occurs when you are using sexed test port connectors such as type N For example Assume the test port has a female type N connector You should choose the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OPEN F or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SHORT F softkey The sex shown on the softkey menu refers to the sex...

Страница 114: ...ll now appear 13 Press any of the eight cal set register softkeys to save the cal set If the calibration memory register has an asterisk next to it there is already a calibration stored in it If you select that register anyway the old calibration set will be deleted and replaced by the new one If internal storage is already full a calibration set must be deleted using NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 115: ... 1 Port Cal During the 1 Port calibration all standards are connected at the test port the point at which the DUT will be connected during normal measurements 1 Port calibrations are only available with PARAM 1 However you can rede ne PARAM 1 to ratio any two inputs you desire Figure 5 9 shows the error model for transmission re ection response and isolation errors Figure 5 9 1 Port Error Model St...

Страница 116: ... Press 4DOMAIN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY 2 Select the desired Stimulus settings 3 Press 4PARAM 15 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NETWK CAL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARAM 1 1 PORT 4 At the test port see Figure 5 8 connect a shielded open circuit and torque it properly Important If the standard labels shown on the display includes an M male or an F female choo...

Страница 117: ...Move sliding element to the rst index mark ii Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLIDE IS SET iii In this way measure ve to eight more index marks pressing NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLIDE IS SET each time iv Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SLIDING LOAD DONE 9 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE LOADS If the message ADDITIONAL STANDARDS NEE...

Страница 118: ...ivate the instrument state that applies to that cal set There are two ways to store cal sets to disc You can store a single cal set to a le You can store all eight cal sets to a single le Storing a Single Cal Set to a File 1 Insert a formatted disk label side facing the CRT 2 Press 4DISC5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL SET 1 8 then select the cal set register 1 thr...

Страница 119: ...pplies to the cal set you want to load 2 Use 4RECALL5 to activate the instrument state you just loaded 3 Press 4DISC5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL SET 1 8 4 Press the softkey for the register you want the cal set loaded into 1 through 8 5 A directory will appear that lists the cal set les on the disc Use the knob to select the desired cal set and press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 120: ...ibration will resume at the point you were at previously The data from the rst two standards will be retained Now go measure the third standard Example 2 You are performing an RCS calibration and have nished the background portion You now go to the Target Response portion of the cal and press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GATING YES Unfortunately you have forgotten to turn gating ON in the Doma...

Страница 121: ... complex mathematical model which predicts the magnitude and phase response of the cal standard over its entire frequency range Thus the accuracy improvement which can be expected is directly related to how well the models predict the response of the standard The model for each standard is speci ed in a data le on the disc supplied with the calibration kits Examples of perfect standards are shown ...

Страница 122: ... improper alignment or torquing practice Use the correct connection technique and the proper torque wrench for each connection Using cal standards whose response does not match the constants in HP 8530 Cal Kit memory Load the proper cal kit data le for the cal kit you are using Verifying Calibration Data Immediately following calibration and at intervals during the measurement process it is recomm...

Страница 123: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NETWORK CAL KIT operation in the disc menu Now locate the calibration kit documentation tables found in the calibration kit manuals and use them as worksheets to specify the characteristics of each standard the label for the standard assign each standard to one or more classes to specify the label for each class and nally to specify the new label for the m...

Страница 124: ...kit This name will appear in the Cal menu under the softkey label NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NETWK CAL 10 Finally press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN KIT DONE MODIFIED to store the new kit in place of the current kit The last character in the calibration kit label is replaced with when that kit de nition has been modi ed This is why you must give the modi ed kit yo...

Страница 125: ... number of points but perform portions of the test using less frequency resolution In these instances test time can be reduced by selecting fewer number of points resulting in a shorter time for the frequency sweep In the example shown in Figure 5 12 measurement calibration is performed using step sweep and 801 points then the number of points is reduced to 51 The time required to update the trace...

Страница 126: ...y allowing the user to select any subset of the current frequency sweep This results in faster sweeps because fewer points are measured The frequency subset menu is shown in Figure 5 13 Figure 5 13 Modify Cal Set Frequency Subset Menu Create and Save the Frequency Subset To de ne a frequency subset 1 Turn correction ON 2 Press 4CAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ...

Страница 127: ...se the original calibration took place in ramp sweep while the new frequency subset is measured in the frequency list sweep mode Since the ramp sweep is not phaselocked at each frequency point the slight potential frequency di erence at each point between the ramp and frequency list sweeps may cause the displayed data to change To reduce this e ect prior to calibration in the ramp sweep mode set t...

Страница 128: ...tandard antenna measurement setup If the HP 8530A is not currently in a system place a splitter on the output of the RF source and inject the two signals into the frequency downconverter NOTE In an RCS system you should place a re ector in the target zone 1 Press 4RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FACTORY PRESET 2 Select the PARAM key that is appropriate for ...

Страница 129: ...c The cal de nition le can contain up to seven antenna de nitions Antenna De nition The gain data for a speci c standard gain antenna is called an antenna de nition As mentioned above a cal de nition contains up to seven antenna de nitions The Supplied Cal De nition The HP 8530A is not shipped with a cal de nition in memory However a pre de ned cal de nition AC_NAR1 is supplied on the Antenna RCS ...

Страница 130: ...or a single calibration Determine Required Stimulus Values Determine the exact frequencies you want to use in the antenna de nition Hewlett Packard recommends that you choose frequencies that cover the entire range of your standard gain antenna even if you only make measurements at single frequencies Start frequency of your standard Stop frequency of your standard Di erence between frequency point...

Страница 131: ...s exist each spaced 100 MHz apart The rst three frequencies would be 2 000 000 000 Hz 2 100 000 000 Hz 2 200 000 000 Hz The last frequency point would be the stop frequency Determining Gain Values at Each Frequency Increment Graph Format Next you must determine the gain values at each frequency increment Figure 5 15 shows a typical graph style data sheet for a standard gain antenna Figure 5 15 Typ...

Страница 132: ...1 17 3 16 87 13 6 14 58 15 5 15 77 17 4 16 93 13 7 14 65 15 6 15 83 17 5 16 99 13 8 14 71 15 7 15 89 17 6 17 05 13 9 14 77 15 8 15 95 17 7 17 11 14 0 14 84 15 9 16 02 17 8 17 18 14 1 14 90 16 0 16 09 17 9 17 24 14 2 14 96 16 1 16 15 18 0 17 30 The example graph has 57 evenly spaced frequency points that are 100 MHz apart You will simply enter these gain values into the ASCII data le You MUST use e...

Страница 133: ...shows an example le for the data in Figure 5 15 At rst the le looks complicated However only the items pointed out in Figure 5 16 are variable To save time start by editing an existing calibration de nition le One is supplied on the Antenna RCS Cal Disc which was supplied with the receiver The le name of the le is AC_NAR1 The cal de nition shown in Figure 5 16 contains only one antenna de nition A...

Страница 134: ...tion When creating several antenna de nitions the number 1 should be incremented 2 3 and so on for each successive antenna de nition Creating a Cal De nition with Multiple Antenna De nitions shows an example of this NA STANDARD_LABEL SASGH 1 10 This de nes the softkey label for this antenna de nition You can change the label SASGH 1 10 to any label you want up to a maximum of ten characters It is ...

Страница 135: ... the HP 8530A To load a cal de nition le 1 Insert the disc into the HP 8530A s drive 2 Press 4DISC5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CAL KITS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ANTENNA CAL DEF the receiver will display a le directory of all cal de nition les on that disk 3 Use the knob to select the desired cal de nition and press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD FILE ...

Страница 136: ... To avoid problems use keys A through Z numbers 0 through 9 and dashes Here is an example of two antenna de nitions in one le CITIFILE A 01 01 NA VERSION HP8530A 00 26 NAME ANTENNA_DEF NA DEF_LABEL uWave A 1 NA STANDARD 1 NA STANDARD_LABEL SASGH 1 10 VAR FREQ MAG 10 DATA GAIN 1 DB SEG_LIST_BEGIN SEG 1100000000 1700000000 10 SEG_LIST_END BEGIN 1 63E1 1 64E1 1 65E1 1 66E1 1 67E1 1 68E1 1 685E1 1 69E...

Страница 137: ...atible The le AC_NAR1 has two uses You can load AC_NAR1 into the HP 8530A You can make copies of the le and modify them to create your own de nitions Table 5 5 Antenna De nitions in the Supplied Cal De nition De nition Name Manufacturer Model Number Frequency Range NAR 645 Narda 645 1 70 to 2 60 GHz NAR 644 Narda 644 2 60 to 3 95 GHz NAR 643 Narda 643 3 95 to 5 85 GHz NAR 642 Narda 642 5 40 to 8 2...

Страница 138: ...ude and phase performance across one or more frequencies Frequency Domain measurements must be made at a single angle In Frequency Domain mode the x axis of the display is frequency Internal triggering free run trigger mode is commonly used when measuring frequency but external triggering can be used as well You can measure a single frequency or choose from Ramp Step or Frequency List sweep modes ...

Страница 139: ...is done using the chirp Z inverse Fourier transform Therefore the rst step in time domain measurements is to make a measurement in the Frequency Domain Figure 5 19 Time Domain Angle Domain Allows you to make angle scan measurements at a single frequency In Angle Domain mode the x axis of the display is angular degrees External triggering is used HP IB or TTL in this mode You can measure a single a...

Страница 140: ...itor Using Trace Memory Using Trace Math Changing the Default Trace Math Function Performing a Trace Math Operation Comparing Channel 1 Data with Channel 2 Data 4DISPLAY5 Key Functions Figure 5 21 Display and Display Mode Menus Press 4DISPLAY5 Choices under the Display menu allow you to View single or dual channel display View one two three or four parameters Change the color attributes of the CRT...

Страница 141: ...lays PARAM 1 PARAM 2 and PARAM 3 for the active channel NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FOUR PARAMETER Measures and displays all four parameters for the active channel The parameters in the inactive channel will not be measured NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CHANNEL Measures and displays one parameter of your choice in each channel For each channel choose the desired para...

Страница 142: ...d and recalled Figure 5 22 shows the Adjust Display menu Figure 5 22 Adjust Display Menu If you press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAULT COLORS display attributes revert to the factory default colors and background intensity The following table lists default color de nitions MenusBlock 5 59 ...

Страница 143: ...N ADJUST DISPLAY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MODIFY COLORS This keystroke sequence displays the Modify Colors menu 2 Choose one of the display elements shown on the menu For example press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS By selecting the stimulus element you have actually chosen to modify the color assigned to the stimulus value notation shown on the display No...

Страница 144: ...etup press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RECALL COLORS Using an External Monitor The receiver is designed to work with external multisync video monitors The controls in this menu allow you to con gure the system to work with speci c monitor types How to Tell if a Monitor will be Compatible Here are the monitor compatibility requirements The monitor must have separate R G B inputs These...

Страница 145: ...o Menu Installing an External Monitor External video connections are made with the D1191A external video cable provided with the receiver The following pages show four major types of multisync monitors and explain how to install them 5 62 MenusBlock ...

Страница 146: ...NNNNNNN ADJUST DISPLAY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EXTERNAL VIDEO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN H V SYNC 2 Look in the operator s manual for the monitor and determine if it requires a positive or negative sync pulse On the receiver press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POSITIVE SYNC or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEGATIVE SYNC as required Monitor Settings Read...

Страница 147: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADJUST DISPLAY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EXTERNAL VIDEO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COMPOSITE SYNC 2 Look in the operator s manual for the monitor and determine if it requires a positive or negative sync pulse On the receiver press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN POSITIVE SYNC or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NEGAT...

Страница 148: ...DISPLAY connector HP 8530A Settings Press 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADJUST DISPLAY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EXTERNAL VIDEO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYNC ON GREEN Negative sync is standard for sync on green monitors and the HP 8530A selects this mode automatically Monitor Settings Read the monitor s operating manual If necessary con ...

Страница 149: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EXTERNAL VIDEO 2 Choose the sync mode which is appropriate for the sync connections you have made NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN H V SYNC NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN COMPOSITE SYNC or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYNC ON GREEN If you have connected all ve connectors you can choose any of the HP 8530A sync modes 3 Look in the operator s manual for the mo...

Страница 150: ... the CRT Factory Preset selects NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISPLAY DATA for both channels which displays the current data trace To store the current trace to memory press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY 1 Each parameter in each channel is saved to a prede ned memory register For example Parameter 1 on Channel 1 is normally stored to memory register 1 Th...

Страница 151: ...hat the current data trace is annotated by the channel number 1 or 2 at the end of the trace and that the memory trace is not annotated The marker reads only the current data trace Figure 5 28 Display of Memory Data and Memory Settings that can and cannot be changed When you are displaying Data and Memory certain receiver settings must remain the same or Data and Memory will automatically turn O C...

Страница 152: ...NNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY label shows the current selection Volatile and non volatile trace memories Memory registers 1 2 3 and 4 are non volatile memories their contents are not lost when instrument power is turned o Memories 5 6 7 and 8 are volatile their memory contents are lost when power to the instrument is turned o Operational life of non volatile memory Memory registers 1 2 3 and 4 use solid...

Страница 153: ...displays the Math Operations menu Figure 5 30 The current selection is underlined In the following descriptions the term trace refers to complex data pairs in real imaginary format When the term corrected is used it means that the data is calibrated if a valid calibration is currently active 4 Press one of the following softkeys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLUS Adds the corrected Data trace and Mem...

Страница 154: ...4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT DEFAULTS NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE to access NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA from CHANNEL 1 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA from CHANNEL 2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA from CHANNEL 1 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 155: ... the above steps but you did not select trace math for Channel 2 Although it is intended that this operation be used in dual channel operations if a Channel 1 single channel display is now selected the feature uses the last Channel 2 data acquired It is important to note that Channel 2 must have been selected for at least 1 sweep after NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DA...

Страница 156: ...an choose whether markers can move only to measured values or continuously along the trace Using Standard Markers Markers are most often used to read the trace value at the marker position The trace value of the active marker is displayed in the Channel Identi cation block directly below scale division The stimulus value frequency time or angle depending upon the domain selected at the marker posi...

Страница 157: ...re not active To read the value or change the position of a marker you must make it the active marker Figure 5 32 Markers on Trace To move the active marker to the position of a given stimulus value enter the numeric value and its units For example to move NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 2 to 5 GHz press 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 2 455 4G n5 When you press the units terminator t...

Страница 158: ...surement of 0 94 is displayed as 940 00 milliunits Continuous and Discrete Markers Press 4MARKER5 then NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE to display the third Marker menu The two choices NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKERS DISCRETE and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKERS CONTINUOUS select how the marker moves along the trace NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 159: ...ode Four Param 1 Marker mode 1 Select four parameter display by pressing 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISPLAY MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FOUR PARAMETER 2 Turn on a marker then press 4PRIOR MENU5 until you see the marker data displayed It normally appears as shown below Figure 5 33 Default Marker Data Display Four Param 1 Marker mode Four Param 1 Marker Mo...

Страница 160: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FOUR PARAM 5 MARKER selected Figure 5 34 Four Param 5 Marker mode In this mode up to ve marker values are shown on the screen but they only apply to the active parameter For example in Figure 5 34 Parameter 1 is the active parameter To see the marker values for Parameter 2 press 4PARAM 25 Notice the 7 symbol next to the Marker 1 annotation This symbol denotes t...

Страница 161: ...signated as the reference marker causing the currently selected active marker to read relative to it The Marker menu reappears on the display with the designated marker labeled 1 REF 4 Use the knob to position the active marker anywhere on the trace The stimulus di erence between the active marker and the reference marker is displayed as the active entry The trace value di erence between the activ...

Страница 162: ...ive when the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BANDWIDTH or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEAM WIDTH function is executed they will be reset This function only works in the frequency domain with a logarithmic display LOG MAG LOG POLAR In the angle domain NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BEAM BANDWIDTH will nd the beamwidth of the displayed traces similar to the frequency domain function...

Страница 163: ...then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER to TARGET The marker moves to the trace value closest to the target value Figure 5 37 Marker Search Modes Search Right and Search Left Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH RIGHT or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH LEFT to search for the next minimum maximum or target value beginning from the present marke...

Страница 164: ...er to the chapter on disc drive operation for more information 3 Press 4MARKER5 Marker 1 is active by default The stimulus value and the trace value are displayed in the upper left corner of the display The Marker menu also appears 4 Position the marker on the trace using the knob the step keys or numeric entry 5 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER 2 Marker 2 is now active Note the triangle sy...

Страница 165: ... point that is closest but less than the target value If the message TARGET VALUE NOT FOUND appears press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TARGET VALUE and enter an appropriate value for the current format then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER to TARGET again 18 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEARCH RIGHT Marker 1 moves to the rst target value to ...

Страница 166: ...lt target value is for beamwidth or bandwidth at 03 dB The target value speci es the dB value below the peak where beam width is measured To set the target value to a di erent number press 4MARKER5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TARGET VALUE 4 5 n 4x15 Where n is the target value in dB The 4 5 key is required because the target value is most likely a negative value 06 d...

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Страница 168: ... Mode single or swept angle HP 85370A Position Encoder Controls Frequency Time Domain Stimulus Controls Setting Frequency Sweep Selecting the Number of Points to Measure Source Sweep Modes Creating a Frequency List Sweep Time Stimulus Controls Applicable to All Domains Sweep Execution Hold Single Number of Groups Continual Setting Stimulus Power Trigger Modes Free Run External or HP IB Stimulus Fu...

Страница 169: ...el Stimulus menu This menu controls In Angle Domain Source Power RF and LO sources Measurement Frequency a single CW frequency Increment Angle angular distance between measurement points Sweep Modes Single or Swept Angle Trigger modes Free Run External or HP IB In Frequency and Time Domain Source Power RF and LO sources Sweep time Number of data points taken during the sweep Sweep modes Frequency ...

Страница 170: ... during entry use the 4BACKSPACE5 key Other methods are available for setting angle span such as using the 4CENTER5 and 4SPAN5 keys or using the knob or 485 495 keys to change values Setting Measurement Frequency Press STIMULUS 4MENU5 to enter the main Stimulus menu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY of MEASUREMENT selects the CW frequency of the A...

Страница 171: ...is at the start angle when the rst trigger occurs Be sure that the rst trigger occurs when the positioner is at the start angle In the above example this would be at 90 Triggers occurring before this will cause the receiver to start the measurement too early For example assume that a certain positioner controller issues a trigger pulse at 091 The receiver would take one point of data and assume th...

Страница 172: ...ly when the HP 8530A is equipped with option 005 Position Encoder Interface This section assumes the positioner encoder is properly installed and con gured Note If external triggers are used do not apply a trigger signal to the HP 8530A EVENT TRIGGER when using the HP 85370A Apply an external trigger only when using the HP 8530A External Trigger mode Position Encoder Softkeys Figure 6 3 Position E...

Страница 173: ...rred to as coarse resolution mode This setting is independently applied to each axis NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL Selects dual synchro 1 1 and 36 1 operation This is also referred to as ne resolution mode This setting is independently applied to each axis Selecting single and dual synchro mode for any axis Select single and dual settings independently for each axis 1 Press 4DOMAIN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ANGLE ...

Страница 174: ... antenna has a non symmetrical shape Use this function during boresighting when using swept angle mode This command places the active marker at the current position range of the displayed trace If this angle is out of the display range it will put the active marker to the start angle This function turns OFF any delta markers that are in use It can also be used to enter an o set angle using the num...

Страница 175: ...d Save Recall Registers All the encoder con guration and operational settings are saved when the Save Recall registers are used Details about Save O set O sets are axis independent Save O set operates independently for each of the three axes The receiver also remembers the o sets you used last for each axis Adding incremental o sets If conditions cause the boresight to change move the active marke...

Страница 176: ...key 4G n5 GHz or nanoseconds 4M 5 MHz or microseconds 4k m5 kHz or milliseconds 4x15 Hz dBm seconds in power slope mode dB GHz To familiarize yourself with the source controls press 4START5 4STOP5 4CENTER5 or 4SPAN5 and observe the current stimulus values at the bottom of the display Use the ENTRY block keys to change values Rotate the knob or press a step key notice that the value is instantly ch...

Страница 177: ...such a frequency Simply place a marker on the spurious response then press 4CENTER5 4 MARKER5 The center frequency will be set to the same frequency as the marker This is explained in more detail below Selecting Frequencies Using Markers You can instantly set 4START5 4STOP5 or 4CENTER5 to the frequency of the active marker Here s how 1 Turn on a marker 2 Use the knob to position the marker anywher...

Страница 178: ... accurately represented For example with a 10 GHz sweep width the frequency resolution is Number of Points Frequency Resolution 10 GHz Span 51 200 MHz 101 100 MHz 201 50 MHz 401 25 MHz 801 12 5 MHz This means that with 51 points selected responses that are narrower than 200 MHz are not represented accurately using a 10 GHz sweep width Figure 6 6 shows the e ect of changing the number of points fro...

Страница 179: ...x source Connect the receiver s TRIGGER IN BNC to the source s TRIGGER OUT BNC Connect the receiver s STOP SWP BNC to the source s STOP SWEEP BNC NNNNNNNNNNNNNN STEP The source is tuned and phaselocked at each frequency point This mode is available only with synthesized sources You can select two speeds for the Step mode using controls under the 4SYSTEM5 key These are Normal Step and Quick Step Re...

Страница 180: ...5 controls To select another frequency in the single point mode press 4CENTER5 and the annotation C W will appear in the active entry area Now enter the new frequency using the knob step or numeric keys Speed of Ramp and Step Modes in HP 8511 systems When using 64 averages or less taking one sweep in Step or Frequency List modes takes the same time as approximately 100 sweeps in the Ramp Mode This...

Страница 181: ... be speci ed using start stop or center span keys You can select the number of data points to be acquired by choosing a frequency step size or a number of points Before you select Frequency List mode you must enter a list of frequencies to measure If the Frequency List mode is selected and a frequency list has not been created the message FREQUENCY LIST EMPTY appears and the sweep mode is not chan...

Страница 182: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEGMENT DONE Now press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE again to return to the main Stimulus menu then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY LIST The sweep of the frequency list now begins Figure 6 8 Enter the First Segment Add Segments To add a segment to the list 1 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN EDIT LIST then press NNNNNNNNNNN ADD Each time you ...

Страница 183: ...NT START 425 4G n5 b NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEGMENT STOP 445 4G n5 c NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEGMENT STEP SIZE 41005 4M 5 d NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SEGMENT DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DONE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY LIST The frequency list sweep starts In the Frequency List mode you can edit add and delete th...

Страница 184: ...tion because all segments are calibrated with a single connection of the standards and speeds the measurement process because you can examine only the segment of interest for the current test When you press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY LIST with more than one segment de ned the menu allows selection of either NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ALL SEGMENTS or NNNNNNNN...

Страница 185: ...rminate with one of the following keys 4k m5 milliseconds 4x15 seconds If the sweep time dwell time selected is faster than the DUT response time the measurement response will be distorted Distortion of the trace or an error message indicates that the sweep is too fast Usually the optimum sweep time can be determined using the formula Sweep Time s Span GHz 2 Group Delay ns 100 The length of the dw...

Страница 186: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISPLAY DATA and MEMORY 3 Then use the Stimulus menu to set the sweep time to 110 milliseconds sweep 4 Compare the new trace to the original Store this new trace by pressing 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA MEMORY and change the sweep time again 5 Repeat this process until you reach the fastest possible sweep time with no change in the trace This i...

Страница 187: ...ngs and display it on the screen NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SINGLE This softkey executes a measurement restart takes a single group of sweeps and then places the receiver in NNNNNNNNNNNNNN HOLD mode NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER of GROUPS This softkey initiates a speci c number of measurement sweeps then places the receiver in Hold mode To enter a number of groups press NNNNN...

Страница 188: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NUMBER of GROUPS 415 4x15 for this con guration Coupled Uncoupled Channels Most features in the receiver are uncoupled which means you can choose di erent settings in each channel Many Stimulus settings however are coupled if you change a coupled setting in one channel it a ects the other channel as well How to tell if a function is coupled To determ...

Страница 189: ... that the power level is too high for the receiver inputs PHASE LOCK LOST NO IF FOUND VTO FAILURE or similar messages indicate that the receiver is not getting enough power to make measurements This may be caused by the RF power being too low or by a problem incorrect connections or a failure in the measurement system Remember that 4ENTRY OFF5 must be pressed to clear an error message it does not ...

Страница 190: ...uter controller must issue a GET command over the HP IB bus to start a measurement The receiver pulls the rear panel STOP SWEEP BNC line TTL HIGH when ready to take data More information on HP IB triggering is supplied under TRIG SRC HPIB in the keyword dictionary NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIG SRC EXTERNAL This mode is appropriate if your system does not use the HP 853...

Страница 191: ...ned ON the receiver to waits for a trigger pulse before measuring parameter 2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER PARAM 3 When turned ON the receiver waits for a trigger pulse before measuring parameter 3 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER PARAM 4 When turned ON the receiver waits for a trigger pulse before measuring parameter 4 Each of these softkeys...

Страница 192: ...ss repeats for each parameter EXAMPLE 1 TRIGGER STIMULUS ON TRIGGER PARAM 1 OFF TRIGGER PARAM 2 OFF TRIGGER PARAM 3 OFF TRIGGER PARAM 4 OFF In this example the receiver will 1 Wait for one trigger before moving to the initial angle or frequency stimulus value 2 When the trigger arrives the receiver will move to the initial stimulus value start frequency or start angle then measure all four paramet...

Страница 193: ...is example the receiver will 1 Proceed immediately to the rst stimulus point then wait for a trigger pulse before measuring parameter 1 2 When the trigger arrives the receiver will measure parameters 1 and 2 then it will stop and wait for another trigger 3 When the second trigger arrives the receiver will measure parameters 3 and 4 4 This process repeats for each successive stimulus point This set...

Страница 194: ...Stimulus Controls Applicable to All Domains Figure 6 15 Custom External Triggering Flowchart four parameters Stimulus Functions 6 27 ...

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Страница 196: ... Parameter menus allow you to measure the signal levels on the four receiver inputs and change Basic Parameter de nitions Chapter Contents Basic Parameters Parameter Menu Service Parameters Rede ning Parameters Changing the Display Title Figure 7 1 Parameter Function Block Parameter Functions 7 1 ...

Страница 197: ... the display title annotation Figure 7 2 Parameter Menu Service Parameters NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE 1 a1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE 2 b2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE 3 a2 and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE 4 b1 allow you to measure the unratioed power at the receiver a1 a2 b1 or b2 inputs For example press PARAMETER 4MENU5...

Страница 198: ...o Select a1 or a2 as the phase lock input Change the measurement ratio for any of the four Basic Parameters NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FACTORY PRESET restores all basic and service parameter de nitions to their standard values Table 7 1 lists the standard parameter de nitions selected when the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FACTORY PRESET key is pressed Table 7 1 St...

Страница 199: ...ct b2 as the denominator in a measurement Here is an example of how to get around this limitation Assume you need to measure b1 b2 you are using a1 or a2 for your phase locking signal All you must do is select a b2 b1 measurement and press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CONVERSION NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 1 PARAM This measures b2 b1 but inverts the measurement mathematically resulting in b1 b2 da...

Страница 200: ...selected alpha numeric title Here s how 1 Press PARAMETER 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PARAMETER LABEL 2 Use the label maker menu to select a 5 character label press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE DONE when you nish 3 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ANNOTATE W LABEL To revert back to the measurement ratio as a title press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

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Страница 202: ...gure 8 1 Format Function Block and Format Menu Display Format Keys The following formats are available from the main front panel Format keys 4LOG MAG5 Displays magnitude data in Cartesian logarithmic format 4PHASE5 Displays phase data in Cartesian format 4LIN MAG5 Displays magnitude data in Cartesian linear format 4POLAR MAG5 Displays magnitude data in logarithmic polar format FormatFunctions 8 1 ...

Страница 203: ... Domain is completely di erent from polar format in Frequency Domain Refer to Figure 8 2 Figure 8 2 Di erences in Angle and Frequency Domain Polar Formats Polar in the Angle Domain The polar display on the left shows the radiation pattern of the antenna The magnitude of the data in dB or dBi is displayed versus positioner angle Zero degrees is located at the top center part of the display Increasi...

Страница 204: ...ak of the main lobe at the 03 dB points and at each main sidelobe Also delta markers are turned ON with Marker 1 as the reference marker Thus Markers 2 through 5 show and logarithmic amplitude values relative to Marker 1 Marker use is explained in the Marker Functions section Figure 8 3 Cartesian Log Format for a Single Parameter To set up your receiver for this type of display perform the followi...

Страница 205: ...r Log Format for a Single Parameter To set up your receiver for this type of display perform the following steps 1 Press 4POLAR MAG5 2 Press 4SCALE5 4105 4x15 This sets vertical scale to 10 dB per division 3 After the measurement the peak of the main lobe may go o the top of the screen If this occurs press 4REF VALUE5 and turn the knob clockwise until the peak is visible 8 4 FormatFunctions ...

Страница 206: ...5 5 Press 4REF POSN5 10 4x15 This sets the reference line to the top graticule 6 Press 4SCALE5 455 4x15 This sets vertical scale to 5 dB per division 7 Press 4PARAM 25 8 Press 4LOG MAG5 9 Press 4REF POSN5 10 4x15 10 Press 4SCALE5 455 4x15 11 After the measurement the peak of the main lobe may go o the top of the screen If this occurs press 4PARAM 15 4REF VALUE5 and turn the knob clockwise until th...

Страница 207: ... other or may have di erent settings Figure 8 6 Dual Channel Split Display To set up your receiver for this type of display perform the following steps 1 Press 4DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISPLAY MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CHANNEL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPLIT 2 Press 4CHANNEL 15 4PARAM 15 4POLAR MAG5 3 Press 4SCALE5 475 4x15 This sets vertical scale to 7 dB pe...

Страница 208: ...DISPLAY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISPLAY MODE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DUAL CHANNEL NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPLIT 2 Press 4CHANNEL 15 4DOMAIN5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY 4PARAM 15 3 Press 4LOG MAG5 4 Press 4REF POSN5 10 4x15 This sets the reference line to the top graticule 5 Press 4SCALE5 455 4x15 This sets vertical scale to 5 dB per division 6 Press 4CHANNEL 2...

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Страница 210: ...n lobe Averaging and smoothing noise reduction techniques Adding magnitude slope and o set and phase o set Using electrical delay features Chapter Contents Changing Display Scale and Reference Response Menu Normalizing Data Magnitude Slope and Magnitude O set Phase O set 40 dB and 60 dB Pattern Trace Averaging and Smoothing Delay Features Electrical Delay Setting Velocity Factor Auto Delay Figure ...

Страница 211: ...e left of the graticule for Channel 2 it is the indicator on the right side of the graticule At Factory Preset 4REF POSN5 is set to 5 To move the reference position line press 4REF POSN5 and then use the knob step or numeric keys to change its position If you use the numeric keys 0 is the bottom graticule 10 is the top graticule Terminate a numeric entry with 4x15 Changing the Value of the Referen...

Страница 212: ...he Response menu structure o ers selections for Normalizing measurement data to the peak of the main lobe Averaging and smoothing noise reduction techniques Adding magnitude slope and o set and phase o set Using electrical delay features Figure 9 2 Response Menu Structure ResponseFunctions 9 3 ...

Страница 213: ...itude o set feature Using NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NORMALIZE ACT TRACE or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NORMALIZE ALL TO ACT TRACE causes the D annotation to appear on the display This shows that the magnitude o set has been changed Magnitude Slope and Magnitude O set Press RESPONSE 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 214: ...n a measurement calibration device is selected for measurement When NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AVERAGING ON restart or the MEASUREMENT 4RESTART5 key is pressed Averaging details In the Ramp sweep mode the new trace weighted by 1 n is summed with the current trace weighted by n01 n where n is the averaging factor This is an exponential running average Also the av...

Страница 215: ...powers of 2 2n Averaging factors which are not powers of 2 are rounded down to the closest power of 2 For example if a factor of 150 is entered it is rounded down to 128 Figure 9 3 Results of Averaging Smoothing Smoothing operates on Cartesian data formats in much the same way as a video lter operates producing a linear moving average of adjacent points The selected smoothing aperture is displayed...

Страница 216: ...h in meters relative to the current Velocity Factor setting After Factory Preset Velocity Factor is relative to the speed of light in free space For example select 4PHASE5 and then use the knob to change the value Notice that when delay is added the D annotation appears on the left side of the display You can use the step keys and the numeric and units keys to enter the amount of electrical delay ...

Страница 217: ...Factory Preset this value is 1 0 which is the equivalent of the speed of light in free space 2 997925 x108 meters per second The range of the relative velocity factor is 0 001 to 500 with values less than 1 indicating that the propagation velocity is less than the speed of light in free space For example the relative velocity is 1 divided by the square root of the dielectric constant for the media...

Страница 218: ...he keys to the right of the digits terminate the value with the appropriate units Use 4G n5 giga nano 4M 5 mega micro 4k m5 kilo milli and 4x15 basic units dB dBm degrees seconds meters Hz as applicable In addition to entering data with the keypad the knob can be used to make continuous adjustments while the 8 and 9 keys allow values to be changed in steps EntryBlockControls 10 1 ...

Страница 219: ... Other Keys in the Entry Block 4ENTRY OFF5 Removes old error messages or active function text from the screen Active function text are messages like START 090 that appear when you changed the value of a function 4PRIOR MENU5 This key takes you to the previous softkey menu 4 MARKER5 This key can be useful when you are using markers The easiest way to explain what 4 MARKER5 does is by example Assume...

Страница 220: ...pter discusses the following keys LOCAL SAVE and RECALL USER PRESET Figure 11 1 Instrument State Block Keys The four keys in the INSTRUMENT STATE block are 4LOCAL5 4SAVE5 4RECALL5 and 4USER PRESET5 Figure 11 2 LOCAL Key Menus Instrument State Block 11 1 ...

Страница 221: ...NNNNNN PASS THROUGH explained below This feature is explained in greater detail in Chapter 18 HP IB Programming NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SOURCE 1 De nes the System Bus address the receiver uses when controlling an RF source NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SOURCE 2 De nes the System Bus address the receiver uses when controlling an LO source To use an LO source the Multiple Source mode must be t...

Страница 222: ... 232 port 1 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER RS 232 PORT 2 Tells the receiver to send plots to RS 232 port 2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER HP IB De nes the System Bus address the receiver uses when creating printouts NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER RS 232 PORT 1 Tells the receiver ...

Страница 223: ...te the old instrument state with the current one When you recall an instrument state current instrument settings change to those de ned in the instrument state If you save the instrument state to Save Recall register 8 it becomes the User Preset state Refer to User Preset at the end of this chapter Storing Instrument States to Disc You can save instrument states to disc as explained in Chapter 15 ...

Страница 224: ... The number of parameters to be measured is selected with the following softkeys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SINGLE PARAMETER measures and displays one parameter Choose the desired parameter by pressing 4PARAM 15 4PARAM 25 4PARAM 35 or 4PARAM 45 keys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TWO PARAMETER measures and displays PARAM 1 and PARAM 2 for the active channel NNNNN...

Страница 225: ...n the disc le The only requirement is that the current number of measurement angles must match the number of angles in the le Assume you are using the settings listed in the above example You could load a le with a Start Angle set to 045 Stop Angle to 45 and Increment Angle to O 5 In both cases the number of angles in the measurement is 181 If you load Raw data the receiver places it in the Raw da...

Страница 226: ...nts Antenna Impedance Measurements Antenna Transmission Response Measurements All HP 8530As have Time Domain menu keys However Time Domain operation only functions if the receiver has option 010 If your HP 8530A is not equipped with this option the message FUNCTION NOT IMPLEMENTED will appear if you select a Time Domain function Using Front Panel Controls in Time Domain Mode In the Time Domain the...

Страница 227: ...various frequencies and then mathematically calculate its Time Domain response In most ways the mathematical model is actually superior to systems that measure Time Domain directly Noise performance is usually much better and the time axis is very stable and accurate The calibration feature of the HP 8530A also improves measurement performance which is not possible in direct measurement systems Th...

Страница 228: ...e is much interdependency between the Frequency and Time Domain responses Figure 13 1 shows a typical RCS measurement con guration using a pair of broadband transmit and receive horn antennas The target a metal cylinder is mounted on a foam target mount located inside an anechoic chamber The target is measured from 8 GHz to 12 GHz with 801 frequency points Using a large number of points in the Fre...

Страница 229: ...erer as a function of time or distance In Time Domain the target gives two separate responses of approximately equal amplitude which are caused by re ections from the front and back ends of the target Note that the presence of two closely spaced Time Domain responses of approximately equal amplitude produces the large amount of ripple in the Frequency Domain response The happens because the two RC...

Страница 230: ...ht 2 998 2 108 m sec The factor of 0 5 accounts for the 2 way travel time of the impulse in the RCS re ection measurement RCS Down Range Resolution RCS Down Range Resolution refers to the minimum separation between target scatterers that can be resolved by the Time Domain impulse For the HP 8530A this is determined by the width of the Time Domain impulse which is inversely proportional to the meas...

Страница 231: ...provides a Time Domain impulse with no detectable sidelobes but with a signi cant increase in impulse width Table 13 1 Approximate Impulse Width Formulas for Di erent Window Types Time Domain Waveforms Window Type Impulse Width Formula Impulse Sidelobe Level Minimum 1 20 4 Frequency Span 2 1 0 013 dB Normal 1 20 4 Frequency Span 2 1 6 044 dB Maximum 1 20 4 Frequency Span 2 2 4 090 dB User De ned W...

Страница 232: ...tal Inverse Fourier Transform method applies these points to the time span that is displayed Therefore it is possible to obtain increasingly higher digital resolution of the Time Domain trace by reducing the displayed time span This is an advantage the Chirp Z Fast Fourier Transform FFT has over standard FFT processing methods Standard FFT methods require the Number of Points to be spread across t...

Страница 233: ...s the length of the test range from the range antennas to the chamber back wall must be 20 meters or less one half of the Alias Free Range Otherwise the Time Domain responses will overlap aliasing occurs Remember to multiply by the relative velocity of light to get actual physical length How to Increase Alias Free Range To increase the Alias Free Range it is recommended that you rst increase the N...

Страница 234: ... repeatable and displays the RCS of the target in dBsm dB relative to a square meter RCS calibration a ects both Frequency and Time Domain data Refer to the two term error model shown in Figure 13 5 Figure 13 5 RCS Isolation and Response Error Model Isolation Error Term Range Clutter The RCS Isolation error term accounts for RCS range clutter This is caused by leakage between the transmit and rece...

Страница 235: ...ency Domain data and therefore a ects both Frequency Domain and Time Domain RCS responses Of particular interest in this section are the e ects of calibration on the Time Domain responses see Figure 13 6 Horizontal Axis Target Zone Shift The location of the reference target along the time axis will change when RCS calibration is turned ON With calibration OFF the location in time of the target zon...

Страница 236: ...onses that arrive after the target zone responses Shadowing and target scattering reduce the receiver s ability to observe small RCS responses when large target responses are also present RCS Measurement Concepts It is important to understand the following concepts when interpreting measured RCS responses Masking Target masking is when the RCS response of one target scatterer will a ect the measur...

Страница 237: ...er has direct control over the gate width and location There are three Gate indicators START and STOP The Gate START and STOP indicate the 06 dB cuto times Gate SPAN STOP 0 START CENTER The GATE CENTER indicates the center time not frequency of this lter A Gate has a bandpass lter shape as shown in Figure 13 7 Figure 13 7 Typical Gate Shape Gating Example This example demonstrates the use of gatin...

Страница 238: ...rate and sidelobe levels T1 indicates the Gate Span which is the time between the Gate start and stop indicators T2 is the time between the edge of the Gate Passband and the 06 dB Gate stop time T3 equal to T2 is the time between the Gate stop time and the point where the lter rst reaches the level of the highest Gate Sidelobe The Gate characteristics for each Gate shape are listed in Table 13 2 I...

Страница 239: ...minimum Gate Span is shown in the far right column in Table 13 2 For example if you are using Normal Gate Shape minimum Gate Span 2 8 4 frequency span Entering a Gate span that is smaller than minimum will produce a distorted lter shape which Will have no passband Will have a wider shape May have higher sidelobe levels Will give an incorrect indication of gate Start and Stop times Therefore you sh...

Страница 240: ...moves responses that lie outside of the gate Setting the Gate for a Gated RCS Calibration You should select gate Start Stop Center and Span times while viewing the reference target response in the Time Domain Make the gate span wide enough to include the full target zone response At minimum the gate span should be at least wide enough to be centered on the peak response of the reference target and...

Страница 241: ... by pressing CAL RESUME CAL Using Gating During Subsequent Measurements If gating is used during the calibration HP recommends that it also be used in subsequent calibrated RCS measurements After calibration is nished the receiver turns the gate OFF automatically It does this because the RCS calibration procedure shifts the target zone to zero seconds and the current gate would be in the wrong pla...

Страница 242: ...t are unique to impedance measurements Please refer to the section on Time Domain RCS Measurements for additional information on Time Domain measurements As an example of a measurement using Time Band Pass consider the re ection of a standard gain antenna measured at the end of a cable Procedure 1 Perform a 1 port calibration as explained in the Calibration section 2 Then connect the standard gain...

Страница 243: ...th multiply the displayed electrical length by the relative velocity of light in the transmission medium of the antenna or use the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VELOCITY FACTOR function Using Velocity Factor along with Electrical Delay can produce accurate distance measurements in dispersive media such as waveguide Refer to the description of the Electrical Delay feature in the R...

Страница 244: ...CS Time Domain resolution So reduce the measurement frequency span only as much as is absolutely necessary E ects of 1 Port Calibration on Antenna Impedance Time Domain Responses The purpose of 1 port calibration is to reduce the e ects of systematic measurement errors those that are stable and repeatable and to display the antenna impedance both in Frequency and Time Domain Antenna calibration us...

Страница 245: ...curs when an impulse response of one impedance discontinuity a ects or hides the response of subsequent discontinuities in the antenna This occurs because the energy re ected from or absorbed in the rst discontinuity never reaches the second The net e ect is that the subsequent discontinuities will present a lower impedance than would occur if the rst discontinuity was not present In addition the ...

Страница 246: ...e Because the reception of multipath depends on the radiation pattern of the antenna and its orientation the resulting errors are not stationary and there is no simple mathematical technique to characterize and remove them However Time Domain analysis of the test range can help to determine their levels which can help in the placement of absorber or other structures to reduce their reception by th...

Страница 247: ...path and multi path signals Note that this di erence is usually far less than the actual length of the antenna test range To increase the Alias Free Range rst increase the Number of Points measured in the Frequency Domain If going to the maximum Number of Points 801 is not su cient then you must reduce the Frequency Domain span Since this reduces the Time Domain resolution it is recommended that y...

Страница 248: ...requency that have had the e ects of multipath removed For more information obtain the paper Making Accurate Antenna and Radar Cross Section Measurements which is available upon request Errors Caused by the Gating Process When using gating to remove the e ects of unwanted response paths it can be di cult to determine the resulting measurement accuracy in the Frequency Domain response Usually the n...

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Страница 250: ...strument states to disc as explained in Chapter 15 Disc Drive Operation An instrument state you load from disc does not automatically go into e ect After loading the instrument state to a register you must then press 4RECALL5 and select that register USER PRESET You can save your current setup as the USER PRESET state by saving it to Save register 8 The receiver will return to that state whenever ...

Страница 251: ...REF VALUE 0 dB REF POSN 5 ELECTRICAL DELAY 0 seconds COAXIAL AVERAGING OFF SMOOTHING OFF PHASE OFFSET 0 degrees MAGNITUDE OFFSET 0 dB MAGNITUDE SLOPE 0 dB GHz NORMALIZE OFF CAL CORRECTION OFF Z0 50 Ohms VELOCITY FACTOR 1 0 TRIM SWEEP 0 CAL SETS 1 8 Not Changed DISPLAY SINGLE CHANNEL DATA Trace Memories 1 8 Not Changed Display Colors Not Changed Date Time Clock On SYSTEM HP IB Addresses Not Changed...

Страница 252: ...disc drive or compatible external disc drives External drives must be connected to the system bus You can control these devices using the 4DISC5 key in the AUXILIARY MENUS block and its associated menus The 4DISC5 key and related menus allow you to Store les save various types of data to internal or external disc Load les load a disc le containing data Delete les from internal or external disc Un ...

Страница 253: ...y 3 5 inch discs Use only certi ed double sided discs or you may cause excessive wear to the disc drive Table 15 1 Disc Storage Capacities Disc Type LIF Capacity DOS Capacity Low Density 622 KB 720 KB High Density 1 244 MB 1 44 MB DOS Subdirectories The HP 8530A can only access les on the root directory of a disc Files cannot be accessed in DOS subdirectories Disc Menu Figure 15 1 Disc Menu Data T...

Страница 254: ...na Calibration De nition The ASCII data is saved in the CITI le ASCII format CITI le adds informative headers to the information in the le and allows data to be exchanged with the Hewlett Packard Microwave Design System Complete information on the CITI le format is provided at the end of this chapter Changing between DOS and LIF Discs When you insert a formatted disc the receiver can automatically...

Страница 255: ...wing keys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INST STATE 1 8 Press this softkey then select the instrument state register you want to store to disc NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INST STATE ALL Press this softkey to store all eight instrument states to one le NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MEMORY 1 8 Press this softkey then select the memory register you want to store to d...

Страница 256: ... preset power ON register Later when that machine dump is loaded the receiver will wake up in that state When a machine dump le is loaded the receiver wakes up with whatever is in Register 8 The machine dump does not automatically remember your desired setup unless it is stored in Register 8 4 A label maker menu will appear Notice that the menu has a list of alpha numeric characters and a selector...

Страница 257: ...that has 181 angles in it To load a le with a di erent number of measurement angles set the Start Stop and Increment Angle to values that will result in the appropriate number of angles Note The Start Angle Stop Angle and Increment Angle do not have to match those in the disc le The only requirement is that the current number of measurement angles must match the number of angles in the le Assume y...

Страница 258: ...e then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOAD FILE The le will now load from disc Viewing a Directory of Files Press 4DISC5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DIRECTORY to display a directory of all the les on the inserted disc Each disc can hold many les in each data type There are often more les on the disc than can be seen at one time Use the knob to scroll through the le listing Each HP 8530A dat...

Страница 259: ...t le you deleted Using an External Disc Drive Compatible Disc Drives An external disc drive must be HP IB compatible It must be able to use the Hewlett Packard SS 80 protocol and be capable of being formatted to 256 bytes per sector You can use a oppy disc hard disc or combination hard oppy drive Disc Unit Number and Disc Volume The softkeys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISC ...

Страница 260: ...er of volumes that can be used Select the speci c volume you want to address by pressing 4DISC5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET UP DISC NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISC VOLUME then enter the desired volume number and press 4x15 Volume 0 through 7 may be speci ed Factory Preset selects volume 0 Note You must initialize each hard disc volume before use Refer to Initializing a Hard Di...

Страница 261: ... data is averaged but no other processing is performed This data is stored in an internal memory array called the Raw Data Array Raw data is composed of complex data pairs real imaginary for each stimulus point Data Data This is measurement data that has been processed by calibration electrical delay the user de ned delay table and time domain Data data is stored in an array in complex data pairs ...

Страница 262: ...You can then decide whether or not the old calibration is still useful 3 If using a special calibration kit store the cal kit de nition to disc too 4 It is a good idea to save the hardware state to disc especially if your receiver is controlling more than one source The hardware state saves all multiple source settings The hardware state also saves various HP IB settings for external hardware You ...

Страница 263: ...omputer It is possible for example for a receiver to directly load and display data measured on a scalar receiver or for a software package running on a computer to read data measured on the receiver CITI les use ASCII text format While this format does take up more bytes of space than binary format ASCII data is a standard type of format which is supported by all operating systems In addition the...

Страница 264: ... Binary CA Cal All CITI le DM Memory File CITI le MA Memory All CITI le HS Hardware State Binary IS Instrument State Binary Pre x File Type File Format IA Instrument State All Binary PG Program Binary RD Raw Data CITI le DD Data Data CITI le FD Formatted Data CITI le UD User Display Binary DT Delay Table CITI le MD Machine Dump Binary The current receiver CITI le version is unable to read les unle...

Страница 265: ...0000 51 SEG_LIST_END COMMENT YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE SECONDS CONSTANT TIME 1992 01 13 09 46 23 0 BEGIN Data 3 54545E 2 1 38601E 3 0 23491E 3 1 39883E 3 2 00382E 3 1 40022E 3 Remaining data values 51 total END Here is a typical CITI le created while in the Angle Domain CITIFILE A 01 01 NA VERSION HP8530A 01 12 Header NA TITLE NAME RAW_DATA NA REGISTER 1 VAR ANGLE MAG 181 DATA P 1 RI SEG_LIST_BEG...

Страница 266: ...er held the data when you stored it to disc Domain Information independent variable declaration The VAR keyword de nes the independent variables FREQ indicates that the receiver was in Frequency Domain The terms ANGLE or TIME indicate that the receiver was in either Angle Domain or Time Domain respectively The number at the end of this line is the number of measurement points 51 in the Frequency D...

Страница 267: ... date and time you saved the le 24 hour military time format is used COMMENT YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE SECONDS CONSTANT TIME 1992 01 13 15 59 28 0 Data The CITI le stores data arrays An array is numeric data that is arranged with one data element per line A CITI le package may contain more than one array of data Arrays of data start after the BEGIN keyword and stop at the END keyword BEGIN 3 5454...

Страница 268: ... storing memory all will save all eight of the memories held in the instrument This results in a single le which contains eight CITI le packages Multiple Data Lists in a Single Package There may be more than one list of dependent variables measurement data in a CITI le package If so there will be a data statement for each list Here is an example DATA P 1 RI DATA P 2 RI DATA P 3 RI DATA P 4 RI Reme...

Страница 269: ...n of CITI le as de ned here NAME Example NAME CAL_SET Allows the current CITI le package to be named The name of the package should be a single word with no embedded spaces A list of standard package names follows Label De nition RAW_DATA Uncorrected data DATA Data that has been error corrected When only a single data array exists it should be named DATA FORMATTED Corrected and formatted data MEMO...

Страница 270: ...supports only SEG a linear segment Therefore the middle line in the SEG LIST will always start with SEG The current SEG LIST implementation only supports a single segment If there is more than one segment the VAR_LIST_BEGIN construct is used SEG_LIST_END De nes the end of a list of independent variable segments VAR_LIST_BEGIN Indicates that a list of the values for the independent variable declare...

Страница 271: ...arameter data this means that all the parameters acquired during a measurement operation are stored in the same CITI le package The term package was de ned earlier in this section HP 8530 Receiver Keywords The de nition of CITI le allows for statements that are speci c to a certain type of device Table 15 6 lists the currently de ned commands for the NA network analyzer receiver keyword The term N...

Страница 272: ...rite only command When a CITI le is loaded the receiver will NOT read this line and it will NOT change the current CW frequency NA DUPLICATES dd Delete duplicates ag Determines if points listed more then once should be measured more then once If dd 0 then points listed more then once are measured as many times as they are listed If dd 1 then a particular point is measured once NA FREQ_INFO ii The ...

Страница 273: ... that parameter Bit 0 is the least signi cant bit NA POWER1 pp Power level of signal source 1 pp power in dBm NA POWER2 pp Power level of signal source 2 pp power in dBm NA POWER_SLOPE ss Change in power versus frequency for source 1 ss dBm GHz NA POWER_SLOPE2 ss Same as POWER_SLOPE but for source 2 NA REGISTER nn Register in instrument that the current data package was stored in nn number of regi...

Страница 274: ...ITLE functions This CITI le line is a write only function When a CITI le is loaded the receiver will NOT read this line and it will NOT place the title on the screen NA TRIM_SWEEP tt Linearity adjustment value for swept sources Not Applicable for HP 8360 series sources Error Array Numbering Current receiver implementations use between one and three error coe cient arrays in order to perform error ...

Страница 275: ...rument speci c information NA information is also stored in this le NA REGISTER 1 indicates that the le is for memory register 1 This Frequency Domain measurement had 51 points CITIFILE A 01 01 NA VERSION HP8530A 01 12 NA TITLE NAME MEMORY NA REGISTER 1 VAR FREQ MAG 51 DATA P RI COMMENT YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE SECONDS CONSTANT TIME 1992 01 14 11 26 50 0 BEGIN 0 75256E 1 8 95263E 1 5 81298E 1 2 ...

Страница 276: ...s stored and frequency information was recorded in a segment list table CITIFILE A 01 01 NA VERSION HP8530A 01 12 NA TITLE NAME DATA NA REGISTER 1 VAR FREQ MAG 51 DATA P 1 RI SEG_LIST_BEGIN SEG 2000000000 3700000000 51 SEG_LIST_END COMMENT YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE SECONDS CONSTANT TIME 1992 01 14 11 08 59 0 BEGIN 2 70355E 1 3 94592E 1 1 40112E0 3 10156E0 1 33209E 1 0 97396E 1 Remaining data valu...

Страница 277: ...32629E 1 6 40991E 1 1 06561E0 3 87542E 1 2 67059E 1 9 01001E 1 2 00903E0 1 67541E 1 6 97937E 1 1 06005E0 5 41259E 1 END When an instrument s frequency list mode is used as it was in this example a list of frequencies is stored in the le after the VAR_LIST_BEGIN statement The frequency list used in this measurement contained two segments The rst was from 2 0 to 2 2 GHz with a step size of 100 MHz T...

Страница 278: ...ngles were measured CITIFILE A 01 01 NA VERSION HP8530A 01 12 NA TITLE NAME RAW_DATA NA REGISTER 1 VAR ANGLE MAG 21 DATA P 1 RI SEG_LIST_BEGIN SEG 10 0 10 0 21 SEG_LIST_END NA CW_FREQ 1000000000 COMMENT YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE SECONDS CONSTANT TIME 1992 01 13 15 59 28 0 BEGIN 6 09008E 1 1 47932E0 6 10301E 1 1 66412E0 5 99076E 1 1 85746E0 Remaining data values 21 total END DiscDriveOperation 15 ...

Страница 279: ...is is why there are so many NA statements in the CITI le example below CITIFILE A 01 01 NA VERSION HP8530A 01 12 NA TITLE NAME CAL_SET NA REGISTER 4 VAR FREQ MAG 6 DATA E 1 RI DATA E 2 RI DATA E 3 RI NA SWEEP_TIME 9 999994E 2 NA POWER1 1 0E1 NA POWER2 1 0E1 NA PARAMS 2 NA CAL_TYPE 4 NA POWER_SLOPE 0 0E0 NA POWER_SLOPE2 0 0E0 NA SLOPE_MODE 0 NA SLOPE_MODE2 0 NA TRIM_SWEEP 0 NA SWEEP_MODE 5 NA LOWPA...

Страница 280: ...RSION HP8530A 01 12 NA TITLE NAME DATA NA REGISTER 1 VAR FREQ MAG 51 DATA P 1 RI DATA P 2 RI DATA P 3 RI DATA P 4 RI SEG_LIST_BEGIN SEG 2000000000 5000000000 51 SEG_LIST_END COMMENT YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE SECONDS CONSTANT TIME 1992 01 14 09 54 52 0 BEGIN 2 28668E 1 8 42804E 1 5 21728E 1 5 88806E 1 4 63378E 1 3 89648E 1 Remaining data values 51 total END BEGIN 7 93487E 1 5 46844E 1 1 93560E0 4 ...

Страница 281: ......

Страница 282: ...Using an HP ThinkJet Printer Printing One Snapshot per Page Printing Two Snapshots per Page Printing Tabular Measurement Data as text Printing Instrument Settings and System Con guration as text Plotting Installing a Plotter One Color or Multi Color Plots Selecting Pen color Plotting One Snapshot Per Page Plotting Individual Display Components Plotting a Selected Quadrant four snapshots per page C...

Страница 283: ...e saying that the plot is complete may result even if no plotter printer is connected Selecting the HP IB System Bus or RS 232 Ports Softkeys in the 4LOCAL5 menu allow you to Select HP IB System Bus RS 232 Port 1 or RS 232 Port 2 for serial printers or plotters Set the HP IB address of an HP IB printer or plotter Information on address selection is provided in the SYSTEM chapter RS 232 Print Plot ...

Страница 284: ...knob to place the selection cursor under the rst desired letter or number Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SELECT LETTER 3 Repeat this step for each desired character Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SPACE to insert a space and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN BACKSPACE to back up if you make a mistake NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ERASE TITLE will remove the title front the screen 4 Pres...

Страница 285: ...em using an HP IB command The marker list and real time clock are printed if they are active unless softkey menus are being printed Installing a Printer Installation is described in the HP 8530A On Site Service Manual Selecting the Output Port Select the appropriate output port for your printer as follows 1 Turn the receiver ON 2 If using a serial printer Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNN...

Страница 286: ...e with the De ne Print menus located under the 4COPY5 key Refer to Figure 16 1 Figure 16 1 De ne Print Menu The required settings are dependent on the type of printer you use The following pages explain how to setup HP Compatible Laser Printers HP DeskJet DeskJet Plus or DeskJet 500 Printers HP QuietJet or QuietJet Plus Printers HP PaintJet or PaintJet XL Printers HP ThinkJet Printers Non HP Print...

Страница 287: ... print in about 12 seconds A very complex print takes about 2 minutes 20 seconds Most prints will come out in 1 minute or less Standard Con guration Turn the laser printer ON Refer to the laser printer s operating manual Select SERIAL input output I O Use the factory default RS 232 settings for the printer Baud Rate 9 600 Robust Xon ON DTR Polarity HI These settings never have to be entered again ...

Страница 288: ...ons those that represent white pixels do not need to be accessed This saves even more time My printer has Built In HP GL Do I still Need the Cartridge Yes To use the built in HP GL emulation mode laser printers usually require the computer or instrument to send a special escape sequence code The code turns HP GL mode ON Such printers usually do not allow you to turn HP GL mode ON from the front pa...

Страница 289: ...structions will look unusual because you will be telling the HP 8530A to plot Remember the laser printer will look just like a plotter to the HP 8530A 1 Determine which HP 8530A RS 232 port has the printer connected to it HP recommends RS 232 Port 1 because it has a larger printer bu er than RS 232 Port 2 2 Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE and NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 290: ...emulating Laser Printer To switch between a laser printer acting like a plotter and a real plotter you must select the port to which the desired device is connected Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE then press one of the following softkeys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER HP IB Press this to select a real plotter connected to the HP IB bus NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 291: ...speci c resolution 1 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE PRINT NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER RESOLUTION 2 Enter the desired value using the keypad and press 4x15 Note Higher resolutions take longer to print Now refer to Printing for instructions on making actual printouts Additional Steps Required for the HP DeskJet 500C...

Страница 292: ...u are using 8 5 by 11 inch paper If you are using Metric paper sizes refer to the printer manual for the appropriate switch settings Figure 16 2 HP QuietJet and PaintJet Family Printer Serial Switch Settings HP IB Setup Connect the printer as explained in the service manual HP IB address DIP switch settings Set the printer DIP switches as shown in Figure 16 3 The HP 8530A uses address 01 as the de...

Страница 293: ...Y5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE PRINT NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINTER RESOLUTION 2 Enter the desired value using the keypad and press 4x15 Note higher resolutions take longer to print Refer to Printing for instructions on making actual printouts Selecting Printer Resolution HP PaintJet and PaintJet XL printers 90 DPI is the only...

Страница 294: ... you are using Metric paper sizes refer to the printer manual for the appropriate switch settings Figure 16 4 HP ThinkJet printer HP IB Switch Settings Prepare the Printer for Use 1 If using metric paper sizes refer to the printer manual for setup instructions 2 Turn the printer ON 3 Load the fan fold paper Use the 4LF5 key to advance the paper Set the top of the page so it is just above the inkje...

Страница 295: ... 9600 Parity None XON XOFF DTR XON XOFF 7 8 Bits 8 Bits Stop Bits 1 1 Most laser printers must be set to SERIAL mode by the user HP IB Setup Connect the printer as explained in the service manual HP IB address DIP switch settings Refer to the printer s User s guide for instructions The default address used by the HP 8530 is 01 Before Printing Load paper and if using fan fold paper align the paper ...

Страница 296: ...ait Printing Next de ne the print orientation Select either NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT PORTRAIT or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PRINT LANDSCAPE Portrait orientation is the factory default See Figure 16 5 and Figure 16 6 Press NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE to set the printer resolution margins widths and total print width Figure 16 5 Landscape Printer Orientation Co...

Страница 297: ...wo screen snapshots can be printed to a single page 1 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE PRINT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PORTRAIT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO FEED OFF 2 Press 4PRIOR MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT TO PRINTER The printer will now start printing the rst snapshot Laser printers will show a ashing LED or other data...

Страница 298: ...erimposed on your next printout Printing Tabular Measurement Data You can print out all measurement data points for the active parameter or for all four parameters in the active channel 1 Select Auto feed by pressing 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFINE PRINT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO FEED ON 2 To print press 4PRIOR MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 299: ...s The minus sign and decimal point are counted as characters The column heading varies with the domain currently active Select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS DECIMAL POSITION to set a value that represents the number of digits after the decimal point Select NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STIMULUS UNITS to view the available stim...

Страница 300: ...urrent system operating parameters press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYS OPER PARAMETERS then press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM PARAMETERS or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN OPERATING PARAMETERS Next press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LIST PARAMETERS or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 301: ...CE 2 HP IB ADDRESS 31 31 CONVERTER HP IB ADDRESS 20 20 PLOTTER HP IB ADDRESS 5 5 PRINTER HP IB ADDRESS 1 1 DISC HP IB ADDRESS 0 0 PASS THRU ADDRESS 31 31 USER DISPLAY ADDRESS 31 31 SRQ MASK PRIMARY 0 0 SRQ MASK SECONDARY 0 0 Operating parameters provides two pages of documentation for the present system state Refer to Table 16 3 and Table 16 4 The examples below assume the receiver is in Frequency...

Страница 302: ...0 0 MAGNITUDE SLOPE 0 0 dB GHz 0 0 dB GHz MAGNITUDE OFFSET 0 0 dB 0 0 dB IF AVERAGING FACTOR 1 0 1 0 OFF OFF PAGE PARAMETERS Table 16 4 Typical Operating Parameters Displays second page RESTORE DISPLAY LIST PARAMETERS OPERATING PARAMETER Channel 1 Channel 2 SMOOTHING APERTURE 0 0 SPAN 0 0 SPAN PLOT OFF OFF PARAMETERS Z0 50 0 50 0 GATE START 0500 0 ps 0500 0 ps GATE STOP 500 0 ps 500 0 ps WINDOW NO...

Страница 303: ...ervice Manual Selecting the Output Port Select the appropriate output port for your plotter as follows 1 Turn the receiver ON 2 If using a serial plotter Press 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER RS 232 PORT 1 or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOTTER RS 232 PORT 2 depending on which se...

Страница 304: ...atically eject from the plotter NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AUTO FEED ON OFF sets the automatic next page load to either on o Selecting Pen Color For multiple pen plotters each display component can be plotted using a di erent pen color using the softkey NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET PEN NUMBERS on the Copy menu 1 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 305: ... State The following is a list of the factory default pen number assignments selected also by the softkey NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAULT PEN NUMBERS Table 16 5 Default Pen Numbers Display Element Pen Number SOFTKEYS 1 WARNING 2 PARAM 1 DATA 3 PARAM 2 DATA 5 PARAM 3 DATA 6 PARAM 4 DATA 4 GRATICULE 1 Display Element Pen Number MARKERS 1 PARAM 1 MEM 3 PARAM 2 MEM ...

Страница 306: ...lock feature Plotting Individual Display Components To plot only part of the display press 4COPY5 4PLOT TO PLOTTER5 followed by one of the following NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT ALL NNNNNNNNNNNNNN DATA NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN GRATICULE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MARKER S NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MEMORY NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TITLE NNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEXT NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 307: ...NNNNNNNNNNN LEFT UPPER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LEFT LOWER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RIGHT UPPER or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RIGHT LOWER 3 Press 4COPY5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT TO PLOTTER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PLOT ALL or one of the softkeys for plotting only part of the display The material selected is plotted at approximately one q...

Страница 308: ...Receiver Phaselock Controls Warning Beeper IF Calibration and Correction Display Functions Creating a Title Adjusting the Date Time Clock Security Features Controls that A ect I 0 HP IB Addresses Power Leveling Remote Switch Recall Controlling Multiple Sources Multiple Source Menu mode Service Functions UsingSystemFunctions 17 1 ...

Страница 309: ...Controls that A ect the Receiver System Menus Figure 17 1 shows the main System menu Figure 17 1 Main System Menu and Part of the Display Functions Menu 17 2 UsingSystemFunctions ...

Страница 310: ...external LO source This setting is appropriate if your system uses an HP 85309A LO IF unit which uses a non synthesized LO source such as the HP 8350 INTERNAL lock type selects the system rst IF phase lock and the internal LO source This setting is appropriate for systems that use HP 8511A B frequency converters NONE turns phaselock o This setting is appropriate if your system uses an HP 85309A LO...

Страница 311: ...iver remains phaselocked to the source except at the source bandcross points or when the test VTO needs to reset The receiver and source require two BNC connections described below Typically depends on averaging increased data acquisition speed six times improvement is achieved by this method of phaselock The HP 8530A uses NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN STEP TYPE NORMAL if t...

Страница 312: ... calibrations during Fast CW modes The user can also turn periodic IF calibrations OFF You can also force an IF calibration to be performed Refer to the IF Calibration Controls below for instructions IF Correction IF Correction subtracts IF calibration error coe cients from the measurement data IF correction is always ON IF correction occurs before any other data processing before data reaches the...

Страница 313: ...ting a Title To delete the whole title press the softkey labeled NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ERASE TITLE or use the 4BACKSPACE5 key in the ENTRY block to erase one character at a time Adjusting the Date Time Clock Figure 17 3 Date Time Functions Menu To adjust the date time clock annotation 1 Press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DISPLAY FUNCTIONS NNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 314: ... the CRT ON again press 4RECALL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FACTORY PRESET or recall an Instrument State which was created with the CRT turned ON The NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN FREQUENCY OFF softkey turns o the display of frequency annotations All stimulus functions operate normally except that the start stop center and span display values are s...

Страница 315: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of SOURCE 1 19 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of SOURCE 2 31 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of CONVERTER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SET ADDRESS 20 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of REMOTE SWITCH 31 NNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 316: ...urce module interconnect with the RF source Testing special modules that must be tested with an IF output frequency other than 20 MHz A complete tutorial on the Multiple Source feature is provided in Controlling Multiple Sources later in this section Remote Switch Recall Recalls a prede ned instrument state in an HP 3488A remote switch control unit The remote switch must be set up with each correc...

Страница 317: ... Other LO source power and phaselock controls LOCK TYPE are located in under 4SYSTEM5 key menus The Source 2 leveling functions are the same as those used for Source 1 Frequency Converter Type The HP 8530A needs to know whether or not you are using an HP 8511B frequency converter To select the type of frequency converter in use press NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN...

Страница 318: ...tes two management tasks for the receiver The LO source must supply the appropriate LO signal to the mixer The mixer will use the third harmonic of the LO signal The receiver must compensate by setting the LO source frequency to be 1 3 of the needed frequency The formula shown in Figure 17 7 would be appropriate for this situation The mixer must produce a 20 MHz IF for the receiver Therefore the t...

Страница 319: ...mula tells the receiver to adjust frequency commands sent to the LO source RECEIVER the RECEIVER formula tunes the frequency converter to the frequency sent by the mixer Examples are provided later for each of these formulas Using the Multiple Source Menu Given the test setup shown earlier here is an example of how to use the Multiple Source Menu Look at the SOURCE 2 line Like the other two lines ...

Страница 320: ...ess 4 5 enter the value then press the appropriate units terminator key NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN CONSTANT FREQUENCY When used with SOURCE 1 or SOURCE 2 this sets the source to one xed frequency When used with RECEIVER it tunes the frequency converter to measure that particular frequency Terminate this entry with an appropriate units key NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEFAU...

Страница 321: ...not be concerned If you see the error message CHANGING STEP TYPE TO NORMAL STEP This message occurs if the receiver was in the Quick phase lock mode The receiver cannot use Quick phase lock mode when multiple sources are in use and selects Normal phase lock mode instead Figure 17 8 Finished Multiple Source Con guration for LO Source and 3rd Harmonic Mixers Note that the example setup in Figure 17 ...

Страница 322: ...g this type of setup and you request an RF frequency of 45 GHz The receiver will divide that value by 3 and program the RF source for the new value 15 GHz The RF source outputs 15 GHz which is then multiplied by 3 by the RF multiplier The multiplier then outputs the desired 45 GHz signal RECEIVER Formula Use All the examples above assume that a 20 MHz IF frequency is available from the frequency c...

Страница 323: ... LO frequency by 10 by picking the 10th harmonic The setup must allow the receiver frequency converter combination to measure the 1 GHz IF signal These design objectives are met as follows The formula for SOURCE 2 must be 1 10 RF FREQ 1 000000000 GHz This yields Source 2 1 10 100 GHz 1 GHz Source 2 1 10 101 GHz Source 2 10 1 GHz When the mixer picks the 10th harmonic it will be at 101 GHz Therefor...

Страница 324: ...FUNCTIONS Test Menu The test menu is accessed by pressing 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE FUNCTIONS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST MENU Selecting NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST MENU disables the HP IB interface This menu gives access to self test menu items To return to normal operation enter 15 then 4 MARKER5 or cycle line power o...

Страница 325: ...ER5 System Bus Softkeys Use the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM BUS LOCAL softkey to suspend all activity on the System Bus and enter the hold mode Front panel control of instruments connected to the System Bus is enabled to allow you to change instrument functions not controllable from the receiver Selecting NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ...

Страница 326: ...tween adjacent data points greater than 24 dB between points The IF OVERLOAD message keeps appearing even though RF Power to the receiver inputs is less than 010 dBm This situation can occur when measuring the copolar and crosspolar output of an antenna when using FASC or FASD Fast CW modes The FASAD autoranging Fast CW and Fast IF Multiplexing modes are immune to this problem Why the problem occu...

Страница 327: ...Figure 17 12 Simpli ed Block Diagram of the HP 8530A Receiver Note the block in Figure 17 12 titled IF AMPS INPUT SELECTOR it is this section we will be looking at more closely in Figure 17 13 17 20 UsingSystemFunctions ...

Страница 328: ...ary for the higher power level Press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE FUNCTIONS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IF GAIN Then select gain control for either the test or reference path with NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST AMP GAIN or NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REFERENCE AMP GAIN The manual gain contr...

Страница 329: ...hat valid POKEs can change from one rmware version to the next If you have already poked some values you can restore the integrity of the receiver by reloading the HP 8530A operating system To do this insert the operating system disc and press 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SERVICE FUNCTIONS NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TEST MENU 19 4 MARKER5 Pu...

Страница 330: ...ed operation What is in this Chapter What You Can Do with Remote Programming HP IB Command Information Setting up the System Transferring Data Out of the Receiver Using the Data Transferring Data Into the Receiver Commonly Used Queries Local Operation Programming Examples General HP IB Programming BASIC program listing What You Can Do with Remote Programming An external computer can be connected t...

Страница 331: ...ht character mnemonic version of its label Many mnemonics must be followed by a numeric value in the basic measurement units For example the STIMULUS 4START5 key is programmed using STAR Programming mnemonics for all receiver front panel controls and menu softkeys are given in the HP 8530A Keyword Dictionary Strings of commands are written in logical sequences separated by the semicolon such as OU...

Страница 332: ...tion the output instructions OUTPMARK and OUTPACTI are always held o until all preceding instructions are complete For example LOG MAG MARK1 9 GHz OUTPMARK In this sequence the marker data is not made available until the format change has been executed and the marker has been positioned Likewise operations such as AUTO MARKMAXI MARKMINI and EQUA are held o until all preceding instructions are comp...

Страница 333: ... device to the HP IB connection and System Bus at the same time Address Settings Instrument interconnections and the HP IB System Bus address settings in the receiver system are shown at the beginning of the HP 8530A Installation Guide The receiver s System Bus uses two digit HP IB addresses to control instruments and peripherals connected to it To change these addresses use the menu under the rec...

Страница 334: ... for each softkey Transferring Data Out of the Receiver Sending Data to the Computer You can send measurement data to the computer in one the following ways You can output the current active marker value You can output a complete data trace Before you attempt to transfer data to the computer you need to know some information about The di erent receiver data arrays you can transfer The instrument f...

Страница 335: ... measured How can you tell if a parameter is actually being measured Answer If a parameter is displayed on the screen it is being measured by the receiver If a parameter is not displayed it is not measured For example if you select a three parameter display Parameters 1 2 and 3 are measured and displayed Parameter 4 is not measured Corrected Data Array In addition to ratioing and averaging correct...

Страница 336: ...ead from or sent to a computer just like the arrays described above Refer to the descriptions for the OUTPCALC and INPUCALC commands in the HP 8530A the Keyword Dictionary Delay Table Each parameter has its own special array called a delay table The table must be created using an external computer then be sent to the receiver The receiver will use the table to modify measurement data The table con...

Страница 337: ...astest transfer format available and is almost exclusively used in Fast CW and Fast IF Multiplexing modes Refer to FORM 1 in the HP 8530A Keyword Dictionary for a full description of this transfer format Form 1 data can be converted to oating point data in the computer Form 1 is the only transfer format you can use for Fast CW or Fast IF Multiplexing modes Form 2 HP IB Command FORM2 32 bit IEEE 72...

Страница 338: ...eter is displayed a complete set of data exists for each one When you transfer Raw Data the entire array for the selected parameter 1 2 3 or 4 is sent to the computer When you transfer Corrected Data or Formatted Data the entire array for the active parameter is sent to the computer Preparing the Computer to Transmit or Receive Data Setting up the I O Path If you are using HP BASIC the ASSIGN comm...

Страница 339: ...ytes per data point using Form 3 REDIM Data 1 N 1 2 OUTPUT Rec FORM3 OUTPDATA ENTER Rec_Data Data You can do the same thing in Frequency Domain by making the number of points the active function then reading the value as in this sequence OUTPUT Rec POIN OUTPACTI ENTER Rec_Data Points REDIM Data 1 Points 1 2 OUTPUT Rec FORM3 OUTPDATA ENTER Rec_Data Preamble Size Data A similar method could be used ...

Страница 340: ...gnitude display 35 Log Format Single Sweep Form 3 37 39 OUTPUT Rec POIN201 PARA1 LOGM SING FORM3 41 43 OUTPUT Rec OUTPDATA Tells the receiver to output the entire 45 Calibrated Array 201 points 47 49 ENTER Rec_data2 Preamble Size Data Tells the computer to store 51 the Preamble in the Preamble variable 53 the Size block in the Size variable 55 All data in the Data array 57 59 FOR N 0 TO 200 Start ...

Страница 341: ...y Format for Vector Math Real and imaginary data in its existing form is useful for vector math Once you have done any mathematical processing of the data you can convert it into magnitude and phase information as explained below Converting Real Imaginary Data to Magnitude and Phase Data As explained earlier in this chapter data is often in real imaginary data pairs You can perform vector math on ...

Страница 342: ...e same way With raw data there is a di erent HP IB command for each raw data array INPURAW1 through INPURAW4 When you issue an INPURAW3 command data is sent to the Parameter 3 raw data array in the active channel INPUFORM requires you to supply data in exactly the same format as the receiver would use during an OUTPFORM operation As explained earlier when you output data from the Formatted Array t...

Страница 343: ...g the total number of data bytes in the block and Data holds the real imaginary data pairs the receiver accepts data until the speci ed number of bytes is received or EOI is detected then terminates the listen mode If the number of data bytes is not equal to the value of the Variable Size the message BLOCK INPUT ERROR is displayed If the value of the Variable Size does not correspond to the curren...

Страница 344: ...RKMAXI OUTPACTI To accept the data use a single real variable For example Freq Query System State For instrument state settings that cannot be made the active function use the Query instructions function For example DOMA This returns the current domain selection as an ASCII string enclosed as quotes for example FREQUENCY if the Frequency Domain is currently selected System Status Important system ...

Страница 345: ... 716 or GTL 7 LOCAL 716 or LOCAL 7 using HP Series 200 300 BASIC language Program Debugging Aids To further assist in program development statements DEBUON Debug On and DEBUOFF Debug O are used to control a receiver debug mode in which the instruction currently being executed is displayed in the Title area of the receiver display 18 16 HP IBProgramming ...

Страница 346: ...e Input statement displays a message then waits for an input type the string and then press computer Return or ENTER Using a simple program like this one you can input commands one at a time and observe the receiver response At rst try instructions such as STAR 10 GHz Refer to the List Programming Codes in the HP 8530A Keyword Dictionary to see the syntax requirements for each programmable functio...

Страница 347: ... When executed with a marker as the active function the sequence above returns the frequency in Hertz at the marker position The sequence AVERON OUTPACTI outputs the currently selected averaging factor The sequence ELED OUTPACTI returns the currently selected Electrical Delay value in seconds The title and various other user de ned labels can also be read over the HP IB by making it the active fun...

Страница 348: ...HASE degrees POLAR MAG dB 6 re ection dB 6 transmission SWR unitless LIN on POLAR 6 re ection 6 transmission REAL x unitless IMAGINARY jy unitless Angle Domain LOG MAG dB LIN MAG unitless re ection unitless transmission PHASE degrees POLAR MAG dB 6 re ection dB 6 transmission SWR unitless LIN on POLAR 6 re ection 6 transmission REAL x unitless IMAGINARY jy unitless Data taken in the step sweep mod...

Страница 349: ...5 GHz OUTPUT Rec CHAN1 SING AUTO OUTPMARK ENTER Rec_data Mag Phase OUTPUT Rec CHAN2 SING AUTO OUTPMARK ENTER Rec_data Mag Phase The SING instruction take single group of sweeps or the NUMG instruction following channel selection parameter change or domain change ensures that the trace has been updated and the data is ready to be read After SING or NUMG the receiver is placed in the HOLD mode It is...

Страница 350: ...e 8 FORM 1 Data Conversion After taking a single sweep the receiver outputs the current data array using FORM 1 output format This is the fastest form for data transfer The FORM 1 data is then converted to real imaginary pairs which are then converted to linear magnitude log magnitude and phase data Example 9 Using the Disc Drive The rst part of this example stores to disc and then loads from disc...

Страница 351: ...ng it is the way in which the receiver operating system keeps track of the data type This lename pre x is never used in the lename you select for store load or delete disc le operations However if the disc is to be read by the external computer directly the pre x is considered part of the lename and must be used Table 15 3 shows all le name pre xes used by the receiver Printing Your Own Messages o...

Страница 352: ...ugh to devices on the System Bus In addition the receiver can allow data to ow back from the device direct to the computer Passing Commands Through the Receiver Devices on the System Bus The receiver listens to commands sent to either of two addresses 8530 Address The 8530 Address speci ed under 4LOCAL5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ADDRESS of 8530 is the address of the 8530 rece...

Страница 353: ...form it In this example a plotter set to address 05 would perform the PLOP command which plots a list of receiver operating parameter values Devices on the receiver s System Bus only use a two digit address A bus select code is not needed because the receiver is designed with only one System Bus When you enter the addresses of system bus devices in the HP 8530A address menu only two digits are req...

Страница 354: ...717 Rec_systbus PRINT MEASUREMENT NUMBER 1 This example begins with the receiver instruction ADDRPASS 01 that sets the state in which data addressed to 717 the 8530 System Bus address is passed thru to the device at address 01 on the 8530 System Bus Next a computer speci c command HP 9000 Series 200 300 in this example speci es the hardcopy device as the printer at address 717 Finally the computer...

Страница 355: ... ADDRPASS 31 OUTPUT Rec_systbus CS PU OUTPUT Rec_systbus PA 128 384 PD PA 3328 384 3328 3584 128 3584 128 384 ADDRPASS 31 sets up the Pass Thru mode in which data sent to the 8530 System Bus address 717 is routed to the User Display area of the receiver display memory The CS instruction clears the screen The PU instruction lifts the pen causing the following PA instruction to draw a blank vector T...

Страница 356: ...olors appear in the set pen numbers menu under the de ne plot menu of the 4COPY5 hardkey Using the Internal Disc to Store the User Display By storing the User Display on the receiver disc drive the vector diagrams and text can be recalled for display even if the computer is disconnected from the receiver For example OUTPUT Rec STOR USED DISF USER1 This stores the vector and text data presently in ...

Страница 357: ...ents are not changed RP Turn on User Display Memory contents are not changed PG Clear Erase User Display Memory CS Turn o measurement display standard graticule trace and labels User display is not a ected RS Turn on measurement display User display is not changed Example 15 Rede ne Parameter This example demonstrates the receiver s ability to rede ne a parameter s numerator and denominator The rs...

Страница 358: ...vice Request Mask Power On TEST and PRESET clear the Service Request Mask to 0 0 Read Status Bytes Both status bytes are read using a sequence such as OUTPUT Rec OUTPSTAT ENTER Rec_data Primary Secondary Where Primary and Secondary are variables to receive the value of each byte You may read the status bytes in separate ENTER operations After the Power Up sequence is complete bit 2 of the Extended...

Страница 359: ...ta for four parameters This is done twice with di erent trigger de nitions The rst sweep measures one point on all four parameters with each trigger 51 triggers The second sweep requires a trigger for each point on each parameter 204 triggers When HP IB trigger mode is rst turned ON and before sending each trigger primary status byte bit 2 ready for trigger is polled so triggers are not sent too f...

Страница 360: ...ify the string Please note that each rmware revision may create learn strings of greater or smaller size compared to learn strings created by other rmware revisions Thus learn strings created by one rmware version may not be compatible with earlier or later rmware revisions The following commands control transfer of the string OUTPLEAS Output Learn String to HP IB INPULEAS Input Learn String from ...

Страница 361: ...continue until the user exits the program or until the 100k bu er over ows See Chapter 8 Automatic Measurements in the HP 8530A Microwave Receiver User s Guide for more information on the fast CW mode General HP IB Programming After the HP IB REMOTE command is issued addressing the receiver using an appropriate OUTPUT statement causes the receiver to enter the Remote mode in which the front panel ...

Страница 362: ...nds allowed by the computer DCL Device Clear Clears receiver status no change in instrument state system is ready to accept HP IB commands and data LLO Local Lockout Disables the HP IB front panel 4LOCAL5 key GTL to clear SPD Serial Poll Disable Disables the Serial Poll mode over the receiver HP IB SPE Serial Poll Enable Enables the Serial Poll mode over the receiver HP IB PPU Parallel Poll Uncon ...

Страница 363: ...unctions SDC Selected Device Clear Clears receiver status no change to instrument state system is ready to accept instructions and data The receiver system does not respond to the following Addressed Commands PPC Parallel Poll Con gure TCT Take Control 18 34 HP IBProgramming ...

Страница 364: ...0_DEL These are data les containing angle domain measurement data The following examples are provided in the program 1 Input Syntax Familiarization 2 Active Function Output 3 Marker Data Output 4 Marker Operations 5 Display Modes 6 Using Marker 7 Trace Data Output and Input 8 FORM 1 Data Conversion 9 Using Disc 10 Plots Using Copy 11 Trace List to Printer 12 Print Plot to Receiver System Bus using...

Страница 365: ...og_mag Lin_mag 57 59 DIM Data_ascii 200 1 24 Example 24 61 63 ASSIGN Rec TO 716 Receiver HP IB address 65 67 Read ASCII Data to from HP 8530 HP IB OUTPMARK OUTPACTI FORM4 I O 69 OUTPERRO OUTPSTAT 71 ASSIGN Rec_data1 TO 716 FORMAT ON 73 75 Read non ASCII Data to from HP 8530 HP IB FORM1 FORM2 and FORM3 I 0 77 ASSIGN Rec_data2 TO 716 FORMAT OFF 79 81 Write to 8530 System Bus 83 ASSIGN Rec_systbus TO...

Страница 366: ...le 6 Using MARKER Press Return Input 181 GOSUB Example6 183 185 LINPUT Example 7 Trace Data Output Input Press Return Input 187 GOSUB Example7 189 191 LINPUT Example 8 Form1 Data Conversion Press Return Input 193 GOSUB Example8 195 197 199 LINPUT Example 9 Using Disc Press Return Input 201 GOSUB Example9 203 205 LINPUT Example 10 Plots Using Copy Press Return Input 207 GOSUB Example10 209 211 LINP...

Страница 367: ...Example 25 Delay Table Operations Press Return Input 297 GOSUB Example25 299 301 LINPUT Example 26 FASTCW Data Acquisition Press Return Input 303 GOSUB Example26 305 307 LINPUT Example 27 Fast Mux Operation Press Return Input 309 CALL Fast_mux Fast_Mux Operation is a stand alone sub program 311 313 DISP END OF EXAMPLES 315 317 STOP 319 321 323 325 Example1 INPUT SYNTAX FAMILIARIZATION 327 PRINT 32...

Страница 368: ...OGM 421 423 OUTPUT Rec STAR OUTPACTI 425 ENTER Rec_data1 Value 427 PRINT Start Frequency Value 1 E 6 Mhz 429 431 OUTPUT Rec STOP OUTPACTI 433 ENTER Rec_data1 Value 435 PRINT Stop Frequency Value 1 E 6 Mhz 437 439 OUTPUT Rec POWE OUTPACTI 441 ENTER Rec_data1 Value 443 PRINT Power Source 1 PROUND Value 2 dbm 445 447 OUTPUT Rec SCAL OUTPACTI 449 ENTER Rec_data1 Value 451 PRINT Scale PROUND Value 2 db...

Страница 369: ...Value Phase data not used 535 537 OUTPUT Rec FORM Query Display Format 539 ENTER Rec_data1 Input 541 543 PRINT Marker 545 SELECT Input 2 3 547 CASE LOG POL 549 PRINT Mag db 551 CASE PHA 553 PRINT Phase Degrees 555 CASE SWR 557 PRINT SWR 559 CASE ELSE 561 PRINT Mag Units 563 END SELECT 565 PRINT Mag 567 569 OUTPUT Rec OUTPACTI 571 ENTER Rec_data1 Value 573 575 OUTPUT Rec DOMA Query Domain 577 ENTER...

Страница 370: ... OUTPUT Rec DELO MARKOFF 665 667 Example4b MARKER SEARCHES 669 671 Search limits in degrees 673 Low_limit 90 675 High_limit 90 677 679 PRINT Lobe Peak Search Low_limit to High_limit degrees 681 OUTPUT Rec MARK1 MKRLISTON MARKMAXI 683 GOSUB Read_mark 685 PRINT Main Lobe Is PROUND Mag 3 db Angle Degrees 687 D Left 689 I 1 691 LOOP 693 Prior_angle Angle 695 IF D Left THEN 697 OUTPUT Rec SEAL 699 ELSE...

Страница 371: ...ingle Channel Single Parameter Display 797 PRINT Single or Multi Parameter Display is Not Coupled 799 801 LINPUT Press Return Input 803 OUTPUT Rec CHAN1 GRATSPLI TWOP 805 PRINT Single Channel Two Parameter Split Display 807 LINPUT Press Return Input 809 OUTPUT Rec THREEP 811 PRINT Single Channel Three Parameter Split Display 813 815 Example5b DUAL CHANNEL DISPLAYS 817 819 LINPUT Press Return for D...

Страница 372: ...ess Return to Continue Input 933 935 Input data to receiver 937 OUTPUT Rec ENTO POIN201 Zero Trace for effect 939 LINPUT Data Zeroed Press Return To Write Data To 8530 Input 941 943 OUTPUT Rec FORM3 INPUDATA 945 OUTPUT Rec_data2 Preamble Size Data 947 PRINT Corrected array data Written input to 8530 949 951 RETURN 953 955 Example8 FORM1 DATA CONVERSION 957 959 PRINT 961 PRINT Example 8 Form1 Data ...

Страница 373: ...xponent 2 Exponent 15 offset 15 1033 1035 ELSE exponent is negative 1037 Exponent 2 BINCMP BINEOR Exponent 255 15 reverse EOR 1039 change sign CMP and offset 15 for negative going exponents 1041 END IF 1043 1045 Calculate real and imaginary data 1047 Real Form1_data I 1 Exponent 1049 Imag Form1_data I 0 Exponent 1051 1053 Calculate linear magnitude data 1055 Lin_mag SQRT Real 2 Imag 2 1057 1059 Ca...

Страница 374: ...OIINT 1185 OUTPUT Rec HOLD 1187 PRINT HOLD Avoids Overwritting Data Just Loaded 1189 OUTPUT Rec CHAN1 LOAD DATAFORM DISF DFILE1 1191 OUTPUT Rec CHAN2 LOAD DATARAW DISF DFILE2 1193 OUTPUT Rec CHAN2 DISPDATA CHAN1 DISPDATA 1195 PRINT Must Turn Both Channel s Memories Off Before Loading any Memory 1197 OUTPUT Rec LOAD MEMO1 DISF MFILE1 1199 OUTPUT Rec CHAN1 PARA1 DISPDATM CONT 1201 1203 LINPUT Repeat...

Страница 375: ...file to Read File_name 1303 ELSE 1305 OFF ERROR 1307 END IF 1309 RETURN 1311 1313 Example10 PLOTS USING COPY 1315 1317 PRINT 1319 PRINT Example 10 Plots Using Copy 1321 PRINT Requires Properly Addresed 8530 Plotter 1323 LINPUT Skip This Example ENTER Y or N Input 1325 IF UPC Input Y THEN RETURN 1327 1329 OUTPUT Rec DEBUOFF DISPDATA 1331 DISP Press HP 8530 ENTRY OFF or ABORT PRINT PLOT Softkey to a...

Страница 376: ...OUTPUT Rec_systbus PG CS PU User display on and clear 1445 1447 OUTPUT Rec_systbus SP1 PA 0 0 PD 1449 OUTPUT Rec_systbus PA 0 4095 5733 4095 5733 0 0 0 1451 OUTPUT Rec_systbus PU PA 2475 3950 PD LBFULL SCREEN3 1453 OUTPUT Rec_systbus PU 1455 LINPUT Press Return Input 1457 1459 OUTPUT Rec_systbus SP2 PA 180 384 PD 1461 OUTPUT Rec_systbus PA 180 3585 4660 3585 4660 384 180 384 1463 OUTPUT Rec_systbu...

Страница 377: ...T Rec_systbus PA 4870 4095 5733 4095 5733 0 4870 0 1551 OUTPUT Rec_systbus PU PA 4930 2000 PD LBMENU AREA3 1553 OUTPUT Rec_systbus PU 1555 1557 LINPUT Turn On Measurement Display Press Return Input 1559 1561 OUTPUT Rec SINC MENUDOMA ENTO 1563 OUTPUT Rec_systbus RS measurement display on 1565 1567 LINPUT Insert Initialized Disc in 8530 Drive Press Return Input 1569 PRINT Store User Display 1571 OUT...

Страница 378: ...XT I 1695 OUTPUT Rec PARA2 PHAS PARA3 LOGP PARA4 SWR MARK1 SAVE5 1697 LOCAL Rec 1699 PRINT All Parameters Defined The Same Different Formats 1701 PRINT Definition and Set up Saved in Instrument State 5 1703 LINPUT Press RETURN Input 1705 1707 OUTPUT Rec USERPRES 1709 GOSUB Draw_mono 1711 OUTPUT Rec PARA2 PARL Delta PARA1 PARL Sum 1713 OUTPUT Rec TWOP GRATOVER ANNOLABE MARK1 MARKMAXI 1715 OUTPUT Re...

Страница 379: ...RQM 128 2 set mask for key press 1809 ON INTR 7 GOSUB Key_code 1811 ENABLE INTR 7 2 1813 GOSUB Blank_keys 1815 ON KEY 5 LABEL NEXT EXAMPLE GOTO Exit_example18 1817 GOTO Wait_loop 1819 1821 Exit_example18 1823 DISABLE INTR 7 1825 GOSUB Keys_off 1827 PRINT 1829 RETURN 1831 1833 Key_code 1835 Ser_poll SPOLL Rec 1837 OUTPUT Rec OUTPKEY 1839 ENTER Rec_data1 A 1841 PRINT A 1843 ENABLE INTR 7 1845 RETURN...

Страница 380: ...ates 1933 1935 GOSUB Blank_keys 1937 ON KEY 5 LABEL NEXT EXAMPLE GOTO Exit_example20 1939 1941 OUTPUT Rec DEBUOFF FOUPOVER STEP POIN101 SING 1943 OUTPUT Rec PARA1 LINP DATI DISPMATH PHAO 0 1945 OUTPUT Rec PARA2 LINP DATI DISPMATH PHAO 90 1947 OUTPUT Rec PARA3 LINP DATI DISPMATH PHAO 180 1949 OUTPUT Rec PARA4 LINP DATI DISPMATH PHAO 270 1951 OUTPUT Rec OUTPERRO 1953 ENTER Rec Error_number clear mes...

Страница 381: ... 50 2063 OUTPUT Rec N move marker to new frequency 2065 OUTPUT Rec OUTPACTI 2067 ENTER Rec Freq read current marker frequency 2069 OUTPUT Rec OUTPMARK 2071 ENTER Rec Mag Phase 2073 DISP Marker is Mag Phase Freq Ghz 2075 NEXT N 2077 END LOOP 2079 2081 Exit_example21 2083 GOSUB Keys_off 2085 OUTPUT Rec CONT 2087 RETURN 2089 2091 Example22 Enter Frequency List 2093 2095 PRINT 2097 PRINT Example 22 Fr...

Страница 382: ... 2177 LINPUT Press Return to Select STEP Sweep Input 2179 OUTPUT Rec STEP 2181 PRINT STEP Sweep 2183 2185 LINPUT Press Return to Select Frequency List Input 2187 PRINT Turn On Frequency List 2189 OUTPUT Rec LISFREQ 2191 2193 LINPUT Press Return for Next Example Input 2195 REDIM Data 200 1 2197 2199 RETURN 2201 2203 Example23 Learn String 2205 PRINT 2207 PRINT Example 23 Learn String 2209 2211 OUTP...

Страница 383: ..._fp Input Floating Point 2297 IF Finish 1 THEN GOTO Exit_example24 2299 GOSUB Compute_trace 2301 2303 OUTPUT Rec FORM3 INPUDATA 2305 OUTPUT Rec_data2 Preamble Size Data 2307 GOTO Input_fp 2309 2311 Input_ascii Input ASCII 2313 IF Finish 1 THEN GOTO Exit_example24 2315 GOSUB Compute_trace 2317 2319 OUTPUT Rec FORM4 INPUDATA 2321 OUTPUT Rec_data1 Data_ascii 2323 2325 2327 GOTO Input_ascii 2329 2331 ...

Страница 384: ...turn to Load Delay Table form Disc Input 2433 OUTPUT Rec STOIINT LOAD DELT DISF DELT 2435 2437 RETURN 2439 2441 Example26 Fast CW AD D Data Acquisition 2443 2445 PRINT 2447 PRINT Example 26 Fast CW AD D Data Acquisition 2449 PRINT PULSE GENERATOR OR AN EXTERNAL TRIGGER SOURCE NEEDED FOR THIS EXAMPLE 2451 LINPUT Proceed With This Example Y or N Input 2453 IF UPC Input N THEN GOTO Exit_example26 245...

Страница 385: ...xp_tbl BINAND Form1_data N 2 255 2539 Real Form1_data N 1 Exponent 2541 Imag Form1_data N 0 Exponent 2543 Lin_mag 20 LGT SQRT Real 2 Imag 2 2545 IF N 20 INT N 20 THEN PRINT Point N Lin_mag 2547 NEXT N 2549 2551 Exit_example26 2553 GOSUB Keys_off 2555 LINPUT Repeat Example Y or N Input 2557 IF UPC Input N THEN 2559 RETURN 2561 ELSE 2563 GOTO Again26 2565 END IF 2567 2569 2571 End of Examples The fo...

Страница 386: ... Example 27 Fast Mux Operation 2693 Fast_mux This is a stand alone sub program which demonstrates 2695 8530 fast mux operation Example 27 2697 2699 INTEGER Data_buffer 1 30000 BUFFER 2701 INTEGER Setup 2703 REAL Set_pointer Param_pointer Data_pointer Reps I Old_pointer 2705 REAL Log_mag 1 2 Phase 1 2 2707 REAL Exp_tbl 0 255 Exp Data_16bit 0 800 0 1 2709 DIM Display 80 Report 200 2711 COMPLEX Data_...

Страница 387: ...OMPRESSED DATA 2791 TO BASIC REAL VALUES 2793 Take_data 2795 WAIT 1 2797 Reps 0 2799 2801 DATA DISPLAY 2803 2805 PRINT _______________________________________________________________________ 2807 PRINT b1 a1 b2 a1 MEASUREMENT COUNT 2809 PRINT 2811 PRINT MAGNITUDE PHASE MAGNITUDE PHASE 2813 PRINT dB DEG dB DEG 2815 PRINT 2817 PRINT ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________________...

Страница 388: ...2 2 Exp 2889 Log_mag Param_pointer 20 LGT ABS Data_set Param_pointer 2891 Phase Param_pointer ARG Data_set Param_pointer 2893 OUTPUT Display USING 2 2X S3D 2D 2X Log_mag Param_pointer Phase Param_pointer 2895 PRINT TABXY 1 25 Param_pointer 1 17 Display 2897 NEXT Param_pointer 2899 Data_pointer Old_pointer 2901 2903 NOW PRINT THE CURRENT MEASUREMENT COUNT 2905 2907 PRINT TABXY 5 25 Param_pointer 1 ...

Страница 389: ...1 OUTPUT A8530_control OUTPERRO CHECK FOR ERRORS DURING SET UP 3003 ENTER A8530_control Report 3005 IF VAL Report 0 THEN 3007 PRINT TABXY 1 30 THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM OCCURED DURING 8530A SETUP 3009 PRINT 3011 PRINT Report 3013 DISP RESOLVE PROBLEM AND CONTINUE OR EXIT 3015 FOR N 0 TO 4 3017 ON KEY N LABEL CONTINUE GOTO Setup_fastmux 3019 ON KEY N 5 LABEL EXIT GOTO Setup_failed 3021 NEXT N 3023 Wait...

Страница 390: ...ROGRESS RECALLING INST STATE The instrument state recalled is exactly the same as a Factory Preset with the addition of resetting the display colors to their default values The display should show a trace similar to the gure below Figure 19 1 Typical Preset State Display 1 Make sure there is an RF signal path between the transmit source and the frequency converter Use one of the following methods ...

Страница 391: ...ESS ashes once brie y SYSTEM INITIALIZATION IN PROGRESS RECALLING INST STATE The instrument state recalled is exactly the same as a Factory Preset with the addition of resetting the display colors to their default values The display should show a trace similar to the gure below Figure 19 2 Typical Preset State Display This concludes the basic system test To thoroughly check the performance of the ...

Страница 392: ...ndition of system connectors has a serious a ect on measurement accuracy Worn out of tolerance or dirty connectors degrade measurement accuracy For more information on connector care please see Application Note 326 Coaxial Systems Principles of Microwave Connector Care Recommended Practices HP strongly recommends that you use a connector saver on the RF input of the mixers This is especially impor...

Страница 393: ...st to wet a small swab with alcohol from the alcohol wipe and clean the connector with the swab 3 Allow the alcohol to evaporate o the connector before making connections Caution DO NOT ALLOW EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL TO RUN INTO THE CONNECTOR Excessive alcohol entering the connector collects in pockets in the connector s internal parts The liquid will cause random changes in the connector s electrical pe...

Страница 394: ...cratch or break the glass Carefully pull the cover forward and o 2 Use a 10 TORX driver to remove the two screws that are now visible Figure 19 3 Removing the Glass Filter 3 Remove the display bezel assembly by pulling out the end that is now free Pivot the bezel around its left edge until it is released 4 Clean the display surface and the inner glass lter surface gently as in step 1 5 Allow the s...

Страница 395: ...hes 10 cm from the face of the display while demagnetizing the display If this distance is too far to completely demagnetize the display try again at a slightly closer distance until the display is demagnetized Generally degaussing is accomplished with a slow rotary motion of the degausser moving it in a circle of increasing radius while simultaneously moving away from the display Caution Applying...

Страница 396: ...nts Common Operation Problems Receiver will not Sweep IF Signal Level Problems LO Signal Level Problems applies to HP 85309A only Rotary Joint Problems Common Error Messages Hardware Problems HP 8530A Locks Up the controls stop working completely An Instrument in the system will not Respond to Computer Control A System Bus Instrument will not Respond HP 85309 LO IF Unit Problems InCaseof Di culty ...

Страница 397: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIG SRC INTERNAL Check the Selected Sweep Mode If you are trying to use Ramp mode make sure the required BNC cables are connected between the RF source and the receiver These connections are explained in the Ramp sweep mode description in Chapter 6 refer to the index under ramp sweep mode for the exact page number Check the System Phase Lock Setting The phase lock c...

Страница 398: ...ual Suspect a problem if the actual measured value is not within 66 dB of the calculated value b2 b1 a2 Test Channel Level To calculate the test channel IF signal level use the calculations in Con guring the System for Optimum Dynamic Range located the Operation chapter of the HP 85301C or 85310A manual Suspect a problem if the actual measured value is not within 66 dB of the calculated value On S...

Страница 399: ...f the transmitter source and optional ampli er for the correct level especially at high frequencies 3 Make sure the receiver system is installed correctly or has not been changed Refer to the HP 8530A Installation Guide 4 If using the HP 85309A frequency converter Check the detector voltage on the front panel The voltage should be approximately the value on the reference mixer module label LO Sign...

Страница 400: ...e mixers conversion loss making the measurement system unusable When the rotary joint is worn out it will often have this problem Drop outs are caused by the rotary joint having a high insertion loss at certain frequencies or angular positions This can cause measurement error only at certain frequencies Intermittent rotary joints can cause the test signal to fade randomly This can cause random mea...

Страница 401: ...on do not cover the entire frequency range of the cal There are either gaps between adjacent antenna de nitions or they do not provide full coverage at the beginning or end of the frequency range You must measure one or more additional standards to cover the entire frequency range In Network Analyzer Calibration The calibration standards you used during the calibration do not cover the entire freq...

Страница 402: ...1A B frequency converter is blocked with paper or other object Items on top of the frequency converter or around the system may also impede the air ow The test set will not shut down if it becomes too hot I IF OVERLOAD This occurs if the power going to any receiver input is greater than 10 dBm You should lower the power level going to the inputs System cables can have less power loss at lower freq...

Страница 403: ...ition encoder functions cannot be used unless the HP 8530A is equipped with option 005 This message is displayed if your HP 8530A does not have option 005 installed Option 005 adds a new PC printed circuit board to the HP 8530A and adds a new rear panel connected ENCODER INTERCONNECT Contact your HP representative for more information OVERSPEED ERROR BACKUP You are moving the positioner so fast th...

Страница 404: ...rence by pressing PARAMETER 4MENU5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN REDEFINE PARAMETER NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN PHASE LOCK NNNNNNNN a2 S SOURCE 1 or 2 FAILURE RF UNLOCKED This error often occurs if the RF or if used LO source do not have anything connected to their STOP SWP connectors You can solve this problem in either of two ways You can connect the STOP SWP line...

Страница 405: ...ted to the receiver s System Bus The factory default HP IB address is 20 Set the CONVERTER address in the Receiver s HP IB menu to match the address setting on the HP 8511 5 If using the HP 85309A frequency converter check multiple source settings on the receiver Refer to the HP 85310A or 85301B documentation for details 6 Check HP IB extenders by performing these steps A Make sure the extenders a...

Страница 406: ...rned ON 2 Make sure the TEST SET IF INTERCONNECT is connected between the receiver and the HP 8511A B 3 Make sure the HP 8530A is set for internal phase lock by pressing a 4SYSTEM5 NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE b NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYSTEM PHASELOCK NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LOCK TYPE INTERNAL If Using the HP 85309A The following steps apply i...

Страница 407: ... lock up under the following circumstances The HP 8350 is not connected to the System Bus The HP 8350 is connected but is turned o The HP 8350 is connected but its HP IB address does not match the SOURCE 2 address set in the HP 8530A Local menu A synthesizer such as an HP 8340 41 or 836xx series is connected to the System Bus instead of an HP 8350 If a synthesizer is used as the LO source phase lo...

Страница 408: ...x series source with no front panel display make sure the green AC power LED is ON 2 If controlling the system with a computer a Make sure the software is using the right address for that device If using the Pass Through feature make sure you are using it as explained in Chapter 18 HP IB Programming b Press 4LOCAL5 on the HP 8530A Try to control the System Bus instrument from the HP 8530A front pa...

Страница 409: ...thin the instrument itself HP 85309A LO IF Unit Problems This section only applies to HP 85309A frequency converters LO IF Unit Does Not Turn ON If the DETECTOR VOLTAGE display on the front panel does not light up when the unit is turned on check the following 1 Make sure the instrument is plugged into an operating AC power outlet 2 Check the instrument s line voltage selector Is it set to your AC...

Страница 410: ...ct The reference mixer is not connected to the REFERENCE LO OUTPUT of the HP 85309 The reference mixer s Detector Output is not connected to the HP 85309A There is a failure of the HP 85309A s ALC circuitry An ALC failure will usually cause the light to come on permanently though all equipment is connected properly InCaseof Di culty 20 15 ...

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Страница 412: ...the most recently used parameter Here is an example Assume you want to use the Rede ne Parameter feature to modify a parameter Rede ne Parameter a ects the active parameter Thus you should activate PARAM 1 before using the Rede ne Parameter feature The terms active and currently selected mean the same thing in HP 8530A documentation Active Channel The term active channel refers to the channel that...

Страница 413: ...Channel The receiver measures the performance of the antenna under test and converts the results into digital data This data is then duplicated into two identical copies Once copy becomes Channel 1 data and the other becomes Channel 2 data When you press 4CHANNEL 15 on the front panel most instrument settings you make afterward will a ect only the Channel 1 data When you press 4CHANNEL 25 most set...

Страница 414: ...can be converted to oating point data High Speed Fast CW only o ers Form 1 output Form 2 An HP IB data transfer format Form 2 is a 32 bit IEEE 728 format This format is not commonly used Form 3 An HP IB data transfer format Form 3 is the recommended format for use with HP 9000 Series 200 300 workstations It consists of a header a two byte number indicating how many bytes follow then the real and i...

Страница 415: ...o change between di erent test con gurations quickly This feature is useful if you have an HP 8530A with optional HP 8510C operation Here s why When you change between HP 8530A and HP 8510C operation the receiver reverts to factory default settings and the contents of all registers is lost A machine dump can store all these settings to a single disc le so you can reload the machine dump and restor...

Страница 416: ...NNNNNNNNNNNNNN MORE NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN TRIGGER MODE provides more exibility You can make the receiver wait for a trigger before measuring any speci c parameter You could measure one parameter per trigger measure two parameters per trigger or any combination The only limitation is that you must measure the parameters in numeric sequence 1 2 3 4 You can also make the receiver wai...

Страница 417: ...rnal data array Valid data can be read from this array over HP IB if data has been stored to one of the memory registers Various trace math functions are possible when using the memory data feature Parameter The input or input ratio that you have selected for the measurement The front panel keys 4PARAM 15 4PARAM 25 4PARAM 35 and 4PARAM 45 are set at the factory to select di erent input ratios b1 a...

Страница 418: ...apshot is an exact copy of the data presented on the HP 8530A display Screen snapshots can be printed or plotted This term is borrowed from American English it means photograph but implies that the photograph was taken quickly and without any required preparation Step Sweep Mode Step Sweep mode is a frequency sweep mode where the receiver steps from one measurement frequency to the next phase lock...

Страница 419: ...Glossary Glossary 8 ...

Страница 420: ...y 11 2 ADDRESS of CONVERTER softkey 11 2 17 10 ADD softkey 6 14 adjust colors 5 59 adjusting the display 5 58 Adjusting the display 5 58 air ow 19 3 alias free range how to improve 13 8 alias free range in RCS measurements 13 8 aliasing 13 8 ALL OTHERS softkey 11 2 17 10 allowable cable lengths HP IB Bus Cables 1 15 allowable cable lengths System Bus Cables 1 15 ALL SEGMENTS softkey 6 17 ALL TO AC...

Страница 421: ...ncoder function 6 7 AXIS B softkey position encoder function 6 7 AXIS C softkey position encoder function 6 7 B background calibration for RCS measurements 5 23 background calibration for RCS measurements updating 5 23 background intensity 5 58 background RCS calibration for each RCS mount 5 23 4BACKSPACE5 6 3 4BACKSPACE5 key 3 8 10 2 basic measurement functions 3 7 beam width determining using ma...

Страница 422: ...ing display scale 9 2 changing the sign of an entered number 3 8 10 2 channel 1 and 2 data processing 18 5 Channel 1 and 2 relative position in digital processing ow 2 3 channel coupling stimulus settings 6 21 channel de nition of Glossary 2 channels 3 5 4 1 channel selection 3 5 channels selecting 4 1 chirp z time domain transform 13 2 CITI le data format 15 3 CITI le format 5 50 cleaning connect...

Страница 423: ...ted data 2 8 data array memory data 2 7 data array raw 2 6 18 6 data corrected calibrated 2 7 data le formats 15 3 data ow internal 2 6 data formatted 2 8 DATA from CHANNEL 1 softkey 5 71 DATA from CHANNEL 2 softkey 5 71 data memory 2 7 data presentation display features 1 7 data processing illustration 2 3 data processing stages raw data 2 6 data processing stages analog detection 2 4 data proces...

Страница 424: ...5 DISPLAY DATA and MEMORY softkey 5 68 display demagnetizing 19 6 display external installing 5 62 display features 1 7 display features the front panel display 3 2 display formatting in the internal data ow 2 8 display functions 5 57 72 displaying a single parameter 5 58 12 1 displaying a trace stored in display memory 5 67 displaying data and memory traces at the same time 5 68 displaying data r...

Страница 425: ... LOCK LOST 20 9 SOURCE 1 FAILURE RF UNLOCKED 20 9 SOURCE 2 FAILURE RF UNLOCKED 20 9 SWEEP SYNC ERROR 20 9 SYSTEM BUS ADDRESS ERROR 20 9 TEST SET IS TOO HOT 20 11 UNABLE TO RAMP THIS DUAL SOURCE SETUP 20 11 VTO FAILURE 20 11 errors correcting entry errors 6 9 EVENT TRIGGER input 6 23 EVENT TRIGGER input on rear panel 3 7 EVENT TRIGGER rear panel BNC 3 14 Extenders HP IB 1 12 extenders HP IB trouble...

Страница 426: ...or message 20 7 frequency converters compatible 1 18 frequency converter selecting the type in use 11 2 17 10 frequency converters purpose of 2 2 frequency domain 1 5 5 55 frequency domain illustration of 1 5 5 55 Frequency Domain RCS measurement description 13 4 frequency down converters purpose of 1 2 frequency list deleting duplicate measurements 6 17 frequency list editing 6 16 frequency list ...

Страница 427: ...ormat 1 8 HP DeskJet 500C Printer trouble when attempting to print 1 18 16 10 HP DeskJet family printers using 16 10 HP GL graphics plotting program example 18 25 HP IB address setting the HP IB address of the HP 8530A 11 2 setting the HP IB address of the System Bus for use with Pass Through mode 11 2 setting the System Bus address for a frequency converter 11 2 setting the System Bus address for...

Страница 428: ...operating and storage 1 14 Hz selecting 10 2 I IF calibration 17 5 IF calibration correction controls 17 5 IF CORRECT AUTO softkey 17 5 IF correction 17 5 IF CORRECTION softkey 17 5 IF CORRECT MANUAL softkey 17 5 IF DISPLAY INTERCONNECT rear panel connector 3 13 IF Gain 17 18 IF Gain controls automatic and manual 17 19 IF GAIN softkey 17 18 IF OVERLOAD 6 22 IF OVERLOAD error message 17 19 IF OVERL...

Страница 429: ... 76 LIST TRACE VALUES softkey 16 17 loading calibration kit data from disc 5 25 loading disc les 15 6 loading instrument data from disc 15 1 loading the receiver operating system from disc 17 18 4LOCAL5 key 3 10 11 2 LOCAL menu 17 8 lock speed 17 4 LOCK SPEED FAST softkey 17 4 LOCK SPEED NORMAL softkey 17 4 lock type 17 3 LOCK TYPE EXTERNAL softkey 17 3 LOCK TYPE INTERNAL softkey 17 3 LOCK TYPE NO...

Страница 430: ...type 2 5 microseconds entering time domain values in 13 1 seconds selecting 10 2 Microwave Design System 15 3 millimeters selecting 10 2 millimeter wave subsystem HP x85325A 1 18 milliseconds entering time domain values in 13 1 milliseconds selecting 10 2 minimum gate span calculating 13 14 MINIMUM windowing mode 13 6 MINUS 0 softkey 5 70 M 10 2 4M 5 Mega micro key 3 8 10 2 mnemonics HP IB program...

Страница 431: ... XL printers using 16 11 PaintJet and PaintJet XL printer switch settings 16 11 paint touch up 1 13 4PARAM 15 1 6 PARAM 1 key 7 2 4PARAM 25 1 6 PARAM 2 key 7 2 4PARAM 35 1 6 PARAM 3 key 7 2 4PARAM 45 1 6 PARAM 4 key 7 2 parameter control block on front panel 3 7 parameter conversion 7 4 parameter convert parameter 2 7 parameter de nition of Glossary 6 parameter de nitions factory preset 7 3 parame...

Страница 432: ... SLOPE softkey 6 22 power slope using 6 22 POWER SOURCE 1 softkey 6 22 precautions when changing addresses of System Bus Instruments 17 8 precautions when changing RF or LO sources on the System Bus 17 8 PRES command 17 9 presetting the HP 8530A 2 11 14 1 preset user 1 7 principles of operation 2 2 print bu er 3 12 16 2 PRINTER HP IB softkey 11 3 RS 232 PORT 1 softkey 11 3 RS 232 PORT 2 softkey 11...

Страница 433: ... of Glossary 7 raw data stages 2 6 raw measurement data arrays 18 5 RCS background calibration 5 23 RCS background calibration updating 5 23 RCS calibration 5 18 description 5 4 RCS calibration e ect on Time Domain responses 13 9 RCS calibration for each RCS mount 5 23 RCS calibration overview 5 19 RCS calibration using gating with 13 15 RCS down range resolution 13 5 RCS gating 13 12 RCS gating d...

Страница 434: ...ment state 2 10 save and recall registers description 1 7 SAVE COLORS softkey 5 61 4SAVE5 key 3 10 11 4 14 1 SAVE OFFSET softkey position encoder function 6 7 saving an instrument state 11 4 14 1 saving an instrument state as the user preset state 11 4 14 1 Saving instrument data to disc 15 1 saving instrument measurement settings 11 4 14 1 saving trace data to display memory 5 67 4SCALE5 9 2 scal...

Страница 435: ...sed systems 6 13 speed of microprocessor 2 5 SRQ 18 15 SRQ annunciator S 3 11 standard gain antenna de nition le example 5 50 standard gain antennas antenna de nitions supplied in HP 8530A 5 54 creating a de nition le 5 46 creating multiple de nitions in one cal de nition le 5 53 loading a cal de nition le 5 52 saving a cal de nition le 5 52 4START5 6 3 6 9 state de nition of Glossary 4 static ele...

Страница 436: ...softkey 16 19 system bus 2 2 System Bus address setting the HP IB address of the System Bus for use with Pass Through mode 11 2 setting the System Bus address for a frequency converter 11 2 setting the System Bus address for an external disc drive 11 3 setting the System Bus address for an RF switch 11 3 setting the System Bus address for a plotter 11 3 setting the System Bus address for a printer...

Страница 437: ...data with Channel 2 data 5 71 trace math default operation vector division 5 70 trace math operations 5 70 trace memory and trace math 1 7 trace memory operation 5 67 trace storing to display memory 5 67 transfer formats for data Form 1 2 6 transmission measurements in Time Domain 13 21 TRG SRC EXTERNAL softkey 6 23 TRG SRC FREE RUN softkey 6 23 TRG SRC HPIB softkey 6 23 trigger external 6 23 Glos...

Страница 438: ...ewing four parameters 5 58 12 1 viewing two channels 5 58 12 1 volatile memory 5 69 volume number for external disc drive 15 9 VTO FAILURE 6 22 VTO FAILURE error message 20 11 W wait not required program example 18 30 wait required program example 18 30 warranty vii WAVEGUIDE DELAY softkey 9 8 weight and size information 1 14 weight net 1 14 weight shipping 1 14 width target RCS 5 21 windowing des...

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