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PID Function Block

General

The PID function block receives an input signal (Figure 70), performs PID control
computation, and outputs the control signal, like a single-loop controller.

Figure 70

Inputs/Outputs of PID Function Block

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Содержание FVP110

Страница 1: ...GE Energy Masoneilan Products FVP 110 Rev B Maintenance Manual FVP110 offers advanced control technology for pneumatically actuated valves ...

Страница 2: ...part shall not be transcribed or copied without GE Masoneilan s written permission In no case does this manual guarantee the merchantability of the positioner or the software or its adaptability to a specific client needs Please report any errors or questions about the information in this manual to your local supplier or visit www masoneilan com The information contained in this manual is subject ...

Страница 3: ...e 10 Withstand Voltage Test Procedure 10 Notes for Safety 11 EMC Conformity Standards 11 Installation of Explosion Protected Type Positioner 11 FM Certification 11 A FM Intrinsically Safe Type 11 B FM Explosionproof Type 17 C FM Nonincendive approval 18 NFM010 A12 18 CENELEC ATEX KEMA Certification 19 Technical Data 19 Supply Unit 22 Cable 23 Terminators 23 Field Instruments 23 Number of Devices 2...

Страница 4: ...e Mounting 43 87 88 Reciprocating Valve Mounting 46 Mounting the FVP110 with NAMUR Kits 49 Wiring and Piping 51 General 51 Piping 52 Air Supply 52 Pneumatic Piping 52 Wiring 54 Recommended Cables 54 General use Type and Intrinsically Safe Type 54 Flameproof Type JIS 55 Grounding 57 Setup 59 General 59 Set Basic Parameters 60 Carrying out Tuning 61 Travel Calibration 63 Check Valve Actions 63 Set T...

Страница 5: ...ition of Combining Function Blocks 92 Setting of Tags and Addresses 94 Communication Setting 95 VCR Setting 95 Function Block Execution Control 95 Block Setting 96 Link Object 96 Trend Object 97 View Object 97 Function Block Parameters 107 Actions of the FVP110 During Operation 109 Block Modes 109 Alarm Generation 112 Simulation Function 113 Resource Block 115 General 115 Alarm Processing 115 Devi...

Страница 6: ... 136 Mode Shedding on Computer Failure 137 Initialization at Start 138 Alarm Processing 139 DI Function Block 141 General 141 Modes 142 PV Value PV_D 142 Filtering 142 Output 142 IO_OPTS and STATUS_OPTS 143 Alarm Processing 144 Block Alarms 144 Discrete Alarm 144 OS Function Block 145 General 145 Modes 146 Output Processing 146 Backward Path BKCAL_OUT 147 STATUS_OPTS 148 Alarm Processing 148 IS SI...

Страница 7: ...value Tracking 163 CONTROL_OPTS 163 Initialization and Manual Fallback IMan 164 Manual Fallback 164 STATUS_OPTS 165 Auto Fallback 165 Mode Shedding on Computer Failure 166 Alarms 167 Block Alarm BLOCK_ALM 167 Process Alarms 168 Diagnostics 169 General 169 Integration Functions 170 Signature Measurement Functions 171 Signature Measurement Procedure 171 Signatures and Relevant Parameters 172 Trouble...

Страница 8: ... Functions 217 Link Active Scheduler 217 Link Master 218 Transfer of LAS 218 LM Functions 220 LM Parameters 221 LM Parameter List 221 Descriptions for LM Parameters 224 FAQs 229 DD Methods and DD Menu 231 Overview 231 DD Methods 231 Transducer Block 232 Setup Wizard 232 Auto Tuning Wizard 232 Search Stop Points 233 Control Parameter Tuning 233 Travel Calibration 233 Operational Parameter Configura...

Страница 9: ...e Stabilization Time 255 Improving the Response Time 255 Checking Hunting Operation 255 Moderate Response 255 Improving the stabilization time 255 Modifying overshoot 256 Improving the Response Time 256 Checking Hunting Operation 256 Moderate Response with a Flat Overshoot 256 Occurrence of a Limit Cycle 256 Modifying Overshoot 257 Improving the Stabilization Time and Slow Overshoot 257 Improving ...

Страница 10: ...General 265 Electrical Apparatus of Flameproof Type of Explosion Protected Construction 266 Terminology 266 Installation of Flameproof Apparatus 267 External Wiring for Flameproof Apparatus 267 Maintenance of Flameproof Apparatus 269 Selection of Cable Entry Devices for Flameproof Type 271 Customer Maintenance Parts List 273 ...

Страница 11: ...talled on Rotary motion Valve Actuator 40 23 Allowable Range of Rotation Angle of Feedback Shaft 41 24 Stopper 41 25 Inserting Pin into Hole of Feedback Lever In case of using F9176HA 42 26 A M Selector Switch 43 27 Camflex Mounting 44 28 FVP110 Mounted on a Camflex Valve Side View 45 29 Lever for 87 88 Multi Spring Actuator 46 30 FVP Mounted on Reciprocating Valve 47 31 Namur Mounting Kit 49 32 P...

Страница 12: ...tion Diagram of OS Function Block 145 64 Examples of Valve Operation Characteristics 146 65 LOCKVAL and HYSTVAL 147 66 Inputs Outputs of IS SIGSEL Function Block 149 67 Function Diagram of SIGSEL Function Block 150 68 Inputs Outputs of AR Function Block 153 69 Function Diagram of AR Function Block 154 70 Inputs Outputs of PID Function Block 157 71 Function Diagram of PID Function Block 158 72 Cont...

Страница 13: ...xiii 90 Boost Threshold 1 261 91 Boost Threshold 1 262 92 SERVO_I_SLEEP_LMT and SERVO_DEADBAND 263 93 SERVO_P_ALPHA Operation 263 ...

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Страница 15: ...7 View Object for Transducer Block 98 18 View Object for AO Function Block 101 19 View Object for DI1 DI2 Function Block 102 20 View Object for OS Function Block 103 21 View Object for PID Function Block 104 22 View Object for Resource Block 105 23 Indexes of View for Each Block 106 24 View Object for IS SIGSEL Block 106 25 AR Block Arithmetic Block Access 106 26 Block Modes 109 27 Examples of Blo...

Страница 16: ...ameters 203 65 PID Block Parameters 205 66 IS Block Parameters 209 67 AR Arithmetic Block Parameters 212 68 IO_OPTS Availability of Options for Each Block 215 69 STATUS_OPTS Availability of Options for Each Block 215 70 CONTROL_OPTS Availability of Options for Each Block 216 71 LM Functions 220 72 LM Parameter Part List 222 73 DlmeLinkMasterCapabilitiesVariable 224 74 DlmeLinkMasterInfoRecord 224 ...

Страница 17: ...to be fully functional and to operate in an efficient manner both parts in this manual must be carefully read to become familiar with the functions operation and handling of the FVP110 Some of the diagrams in this instruction manual are partially omitted described in writing or simplified for ease of explanation The drawings contained in the instruction manual may have a position or characters upp...

Страница 18: ... entered or user entered data is italicized Actions performed on buttons checkboxes etc appear bolded For example Click Done NOTE Indicates important facts and conditions CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in property damage or data loss WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injur...

Страница 19: ... instrument surface reaches a high temperature All installation shall comply with local installation requirement and local electrical codes Do not supply air at a pressure exceeding the maximum rated air supply pressure Doing so can result in a high risk of damage or cause an accident To avoid injury or the process being affected when installing or replacing a positioner on a control valve ensure ...

Страница 20: ...rassegnati con Ex sono disponibili in inglese tedesco e francese Se si desidera ricevere i manuali operativi di prodotti Ex in lingua locale mettersi in contatto con l ufficio GE Masoneilan più vicino o con un rappresentante Todos los manuales de instrucciones para los productos antiexplosivos de ATEX están disponibles en inglés alemán y francés Si desea solicitar las instrucciones de estos artícu...

Страница 21: ...en für ATEX Ex bezogene Produkte stehen in den Sprachen Englisch Deutsch und Französisch zur Verfügung Sollten Sie die Betriebsanleitungen für Ex Produkte in Ihrer Landessprache benötigen setzen Sie sich bitte mit Ihrem örtlichen GE Masoneilan Vertreter in Verbindung Alla instruktionsböcker för ATEX Ex explosionssäkra produkter är tillgängliga på engelska tyska och franska Om Ni behöver instruktio...

Страница 22: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 23: ...uipment PPE must be used per safe site work practices Ensure proper use of fall protection when working at heights per safe site work practices Use appropriate safety equipment and practices to prevent the dropping of tools or equipment during installation Intrinsically Safe Installation Products certified for use in intrinsically safe installations MUST BE Installed put into service used and main...

Страница 24: ...ich are provided by the manufacturer to guarantee that the products comply with the essential safety requirements of the European Directives Changes to specifications structure and components used may not lead to the revision of this manual unless such changes affect the function and performance of the product Nameplate The model name and configuration are indicated on the nameplate Verify that th...

Страница 25: ...e advanced valve positioner is designed to operate in a vigorous environment to maintain stability and accuracy the following is recommended Ambient Temperature It is preferable not to expose the instrument to extreme temper atures or temperature fluctuations If the instrument is exposed to radiation heat a thermal protection system and appropriate ventilation is recommended Environmental Requirem...

Страница 26: ...e transition wiring of Step 1 and the ground terminal The polarity of the input terminals must be positive and that of the ground must be negative 3 Turn the power of the insulation resistance meter ON and measure the insulation resistance The duration of the applied voltage must be the period during which 100 MΩ or more is confirmed or 20 MΩ if the unit is equipped with a built in arrester 4 Remo...

Страница 27: ...hus be dangerous As soon as the manual operation is finished make it sure to change the mode to auto by moving the A M selection switch to Auto A side EMC Conformity Standards EN61326 AS NZSCISPR11 Installation of Explosion Protected Type Positioner WARNING To preserve the safety of explosion proof equipment requires great care during mounting wiring and piping Safety requirements also place restr...

Страница 28: ...Groups A B C D E F and G or Group IIC Maximum Input Voltage Vmax 17 5 V Maximum Input Current Imax 360 mA Maximum Input Power Pmax 2 52 W Maximum Internal Capacitance Ci 1 76 nF Maximum Internal Inductance Li 0 μH or Rating 3 For groups C D E F and G or Group IIB Maximum Input Voltage Vmax 17 5 V Maximum Input Current Imax 380 mA Maximum Input Power Pmax 5 32 W Maximum Internal Capacitance Ci 1 76...

Страница 29: ...us Classified Locations and the National Electrical Code ANSI NFPA 70 Sections 504 and 505 The configuration of Associated Apparatus must be Factory Mutual Research Approved under FISCO Concept Associated Apparatus manufacturer s installation drawing must be followed when installing this equipment The FVP series are approved for Class I Zone 0 applications If connecting AEx ib associated Apparatus...

Страница 30: ... for the fieldbus system The allowed voltage Uo of the associated apparatus used to supply the bus is limited to the range of 14 V dc to 24 V dc All other equipment connected to the bus cable has to be passive meaning that the apparatus is not allowed to provide energy to the system except to a leakage current of 50 μA for each connected device Supply Unit Trapezoidal or rectangular output charact...

Страница 31: ...r of passive devices like transmitters actuators hand held terminals connected to a single bus segment is not limited due to I S reasons Furthermore if the above rules are respected the inductance and capacitance of the cable need not to be considered and will not impair the intrinsic safety of the installation Figure 3 Passive Devices Note 5 Maintenance and Repair The instrument modification or p...

Страница 32: ...ed Nonincendive Field Wiring Apparatus manufacturer s installation drawing must be followed when installing this equipment 5 No revision to drawing without prior FM Approvals 6 Terminator and supply unit must be FM Approved 7 If use ordinary wirings the general purpose equipment must have nonincendive field wiring terminal approved by FM Approvals 8 The nonincendive field wiring circuit concept al...

Страница 33: ...SI NEMA250 Explosionproof for Class I Division 1 Groups A B C and D Dust ignitionproof for Class II III Division 1 Groups E F and G Enclosure Rating NEMA 4X Temperature Class T6 Ambient Temperature 40 to 80 C Note 2 Wiring All wiring shall comply with National Electrical Code ANSI NEPA70 and Local Electrical Codes FACTORY SEALED CONDUIT SEAL NOT REQUIRED Note 3 Operation Note a warning label worde...

Страница 34: ...ss I Division 2 Groups A B C and D Class II Division 2 Groups F and G Class III Division 1 and Class I Zone 2 Group IIC in Hazardous Classified Locations Temperature Class T4 Ambient Temperature 40 to 60 C Enclosure NEMA Type4X Electrical Parameters Vmax 32 Vdc Ci 1 76 nF Li 0 μH Caution for FM Nonincendive type Following contents refer to DOC No NFM010 A12 p 1 and p 2 NFM010 A12 Figure 5 Installa...

Страница 35: ...stallation drawing when installing Note 5 No revision to drawing without prior Factory Mutual Research Approval Note 6 Terminator and supply unit must be FM approved Note 7 Installation requirements Vmax Voc or Vt Ca Ci Ccable La Li Lcable CENELEC ATEX KEMA Certification Technical Data A CENELEC ATEX KEMA Intrinsically Safe Type Caution for CENELEC ATEX KEMA Intrinsically Safe Type WARNING Do not ...

Страница 36: ...re for 1G 40 C to 60 C Ambient Temperature for 1GD 40 C to 60 C Degree of Protection of the Enclosure IP65 Electrical Data When combined with Entity model IIC barrier Ui 24 0 V Ii 250 mA Pi 1 2 W Cint 1 76 nF Lint 0 μH When combined with Trapezoidal or Rectangular output characteristic FISCO model IIC barrier Ui 17 5 V Ii 360 mA Pi 2 52W Cint 1 76 nF Lint 0ìH EEx ia IIB T4 Type of Protection EEx i...

Страница 37: ...d and will void KEMA Intrinsically safe Certification Note 5 Special Conditions for Safe Use In the case where the enclosure of the Valve Positioner is made of aluminum if it is mounted in an area where the use of category 1G apparatus is required it must be installed such that even in the event of rare incidents ignition sources due to impact and friction sparks are excluded Note 6 Installation I...

Страница 38: ... associated apparatus supply unit In addition the maximum unprotected residual capacitance Ci and inductance Li of each apparatus other than the terminators connected to the fieldbus line must be equal or less than 5 nF and 10 μH respectively Supply Unit The supply unit must be certified by a notified body as FISCO model and following trapezoidal output characteristic is used Uo 14 to 24 V I S max...

Страница 39: ...B T4 Terminators The terminator must be certified by a notified body as FISCO model and at each end of the trunk cable an approved line terminator with the following parameters is suitable R 90 to 100 Ω C 0 to 2 2 μF The resistor must be infallible according to EN 50020 One of the two allowed terminators might already be integrated in the associated apparatus bus supply unit Field Instruments Desc...

Страница 40: ...μH Number of Devices The number of devices max 32 possible on a fieldbus link depends on factors such as the power consumption of each device the type of cable used use of repeaters etc Entity Model Figure 7 Entity Model I S fieldbus system complying with Entity model I S values Power supply field device Po Pi Uo Ui Io Ii Calculation of max allowed cable length Ccable Co Σci Σci Terminator Lcable ...

Страница 41: ...f Type Caution for CENELEC ATEX KEMA flameproof type Note 1 Model FVP110 Valve Positioner with optional code KF2 is applicable for potentially explosive atmospheres Applicable standard EN50014 EN50018 Certificate KEMA 02ATEX2159 Type of Protection and Marking Code EEx d IIC Temperature Class T6 T5 Ambient Temperature T6 40 to 75 C T5 40 to 80 C Note 2 Electrical Data Supply voltage 32 V DC max Out...

Страница 42: ...e and Repair The instrument modification or parts replacement by other than authorized representative of GE Masoneilan is prohibited and will void KEMA Flameproof Certification C CENELEC ATEX Type of Protection n Note 1 Model FVP110 Advanced Valve Positioner with optional code KN25 Applicable standard EN60079 15 2003 Referential standard IEC60079 0 1998 IEC60079 11 1999 WARNING When using a power ...

Страница 43: ...t modification or parts replacement by other than authorized representative of GE Masoneilan is prohibited and will void Type of Protection n Figure 8 Installation Diagram 2 Electrical Connection The type of electrical connection is stamped near the electrical connection port according to the following marking Screw Size Marking ISO M20X1 5 female ANSI 1 2 NPT female ...

Страница 44: ...WARNING OPEN CIRCUIT BEFORE REMOVING COVER INSTALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS USER S MANUAL Take care not to generate mechanical sparking when access to the instrument and peripheral devices in hazardous locations 5 Maintenance and Repair CAUTION The instrument modification or parts replacement by other than authorized Representative of GE Masoneilan Electric Corporation is prohibited and will void t...

Страница 45: ... Name Plate Figure 10 Nameplates MODEL Specified model code SUFFIX Specified suffix code STYLE Style code SUPPLY Air supply pressure NO Serial number and year of production 1 INPUT Type of electrical input FOUNDATION FIELDBUS ...

Страница 46: ...ardous locations Applicable standard C22 2 No 0 No 0 4 No 0 5 No 25 No 30 No 94 No 1010 1 Certificate 1186507 Explosionproof for Class I Groups B C and D Class II Groups E F and G Class III Enclosure Rating Type 4X Temperature Code T6 and T5 Ambient Temperature 40 to 75 C for T6 40 to 82 C for T5 Note 2 Wiring All wiring shall comply with National Electrical Code ANSI NFPA 70 and Local Electrical ...

Страница 47: ...llation and Operating Precautions for JIS Flameproof Equipment at the end of this manual When selecting cables for TIIS flameproof type positioners use cables having a maximum allowable heat resistance of at least 70 C Low Voltage Directive Applicable standard EN61010 1 Pollution Degree 2 Pollution degree describes the degree to which a solid liquid or gas which deteriorates dielectric strength or...

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Страница 49: ...33 3 Part Names Appearance and Part Names Single Acting Type Figure 12 Single Acting Parts Double Acting Type Figure 13 Double Acting Parts ...

Страница 50: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 34 GE Energy Block Diagram Figure 14 Block Diagram ...

Страница 51: ...ated from the process by using bypass valves or the like No pressure remains in the valve actuator General Installation Procedures FVP110 to the Actuator An FVP110 can be installed on a valve actuator with a mounting bracket Prepare the bracket and clamp necessary to install the valve In general the installation method is determined by the combination of the control valve and positioner as well as...

Страница 52: ...nding on the shapes of the bracket and valve actuator and the structure of the mounting position Figure 15 FVP Installed on Linear motion Valve Actuator 1 Attach the bracket to FVP110 using the four M8 bolts supplied See Part Names on page 33 2 Choose the appropriate feed back lever The FVP110 with option code LV1 comes with two different feedback levers 1 and 2 and the one with option code LV2 co...

Страница 53: ...k shaft and the spring for fixing the clamp pin are attached to the F9176HA the smaller feedback lever for generally used mid capacity actuators For LV2 when using the F9176HC the feedback lever for high capacity actuators detach and use the hardware and spring from the F9176HA Figure 18 by a Detaching spring 4 b Detaching clip 1 and removing the hardware 2 and 3 c Attaching 1 to 4 to the F9176HC ...

Страница 54: ...tics of the control valve combined with the FVP110 positioner 6 Insert the FVP110 s feedback shaft into the small hole on the stopper side of the lever Figure 19 CAUTION Attaching the lever in the wrong orientation causes the feedback shaft to rotate at an angle exceeding its mechanical limits of 55 resulting in the FVP110 being seriously damaged A stopper is attached to the feedback shaft to prev...

Страница 55: ...ve stem is at the 50 position Installing the FVP110 at a carefully determined position where the feedback lever is at the horizontal level when the valve stem is at the 50 position makes the consequent installation work easier CAUTION The FVP110 must be installed in a position meeting the specification above to guarantee that the specified accuracy is obtainable by linearity correction see Travel ...

Страница 56: ...ost suitable procedure may differ depending on the bracket shapes and valve actuator and the structure of the actuator Figure 22 FVP Installed on Rotary motion Valve Actuator CAUTION When combining an FVP110 with a rotary motion actuator ensure that the rotation of the feedback shaft by the position feedback meets the following specifications Figure 23 Range of rotation angle of shaft Within 45 fr...

Страница 57: ...suring that the stopper located on the side of the FVP110 to prevent an over rotation of the shaft Figure 24 is attached to the feedback shaft CAUTION Attaching the lever in the wrong orientation causes the feedback shaft to rotate at an angle exceeding its mechanical limits of 55 resulting in the FVP110 being seriously damaged Figure 24 Stopper 3 Instal the lever ensuring you install it on the st...

Страница 58: ...he valve using the A M automatic manual mode switching mechanism of the FVP110 there needs to be a pressure regulator for the air supply To perform manual operation WARNING Prior to changing the A M selector switch position make sure that doing so neither causes an injury nor affects the process Changing the A M selector switch position from M manual to A automatic or vice versa during operation c...

Страница 59: ... selector switch counterclockwise until the stopper pin touches the side of the FVP110 s casing to ensure the switch position changes to A Camflex Rotary Valve Mounting This section describes the procedure for mounting the FVP on rotary control valves using GE Masoneilan rotary valves as an example Refer to Figure 27 on page 44 and Figure 28 on page 45 for details Tools Required 5 32 and 3 16 Hex ...

Страница 60: ...valve position indicator and securely tighten the cap screw Ball and butterfly valve actuators orient the valve side lever so that it is midway between the two bracket mounting holes 45 from horizontal and tighten the cap screw Alternatively for all rotary mountings the actuator can be pressurized to mid stroke and the valve side lever secured in a horizontal position 4 Clamp the feedback lever to...

Страница 61: ...within 45 from horizontal level Minimum span 20 Maximum span 90 Mechanically allowable rotation angle 55 5 Loosely assemble the FVP to the mounting bracket using only the two top 1 4 20 UNC socket head cap screws 6 Pull the FVP away from the actuator to allow the pin on the valve side lever to be inserted into the slot in the FVP lever under the anti backlash spring Figure 28 7 Assemble the two bo...

Страница 62: ...nt the FVP with the actuator is in the normal upright position The slotted opening of the mounting bracket is on the left when facing the actuator 2 Clamp the FVP lever Figure 29 to the FVP shaft The flat side on the FVP shaft must always face the pneumatic block with the lever orientated towards the cover When using a standard lever the orientation of the lever to the FVP is set by clamping screw...

Страница 63: ...nsure that the travel pointer is correctly positioned 7 Bolt the left hand threaded rod end to the take off rod with 1 4 20 UNC nut 8 Connect turnbuckle and lock nuts to each rod end Turnbuckle length is a function of actuator size Verify proper length according to Table 3 9 Position valve at mid stroke by supplying air to the actuator or using a manual handwheel if applicable Table 2 Lever Hole L...

Страница 64: ...in 15 from the horizontal level when the valve stem is at the 50 position 11 Tighten the turnbuckle lock nuts NOTE When assembling an FVP110 on a reciprocating valve ensure that the rotation angle of the feedback shaft does not exceed the allowable range of 10 to 25 Table 3 Turnbuckle Length Actuator Size Turnbuckle Length 6 1 25 10 1 25 16 2 90 23 5 25 ...

Страница 65: ...ng on the valve Tools required M4 hex key M5 hex key M7 hex key Refer to Figure 31 for this procedure To mount using this kit 1 Attach the mounting bracket 5 to the valve actuator using four 4 M8 x 1 25 x 25 flat head cap screws 7 Figure 31 Namur Mounting Kit 2 Place the indicator disk with metal insert over the valve actuator shaft and secure using an M6 x 1 0 x 22 socket head screw 9 ...

Страница 66: ...t through the anti backlash spring 14 into the dowel pin 3 at the end of the plate into the hex head screw installed in step 2 4 Secure the plate to the bracket using four 4 M6 x 1 0 x16 socket head cap screws 6 and either Four 4 M8 x 1 25 x16 socket head cap screws 12 or Four 4 M5 x 0 8 x16 socket head cap screws 12 ...

Страница 67: ...tric signal before making or modifying the piping and wiring connections The process must be shut down or the control valve isolated from the process by using bypass valves or the like when making or modifying the piping and wiring connections Always cap the unused wiring ports with blind plugs In general all topics must be completed in the order given 1 Piping on page 52 2 Wiring on page 54 3 Gro...

Страница 68: ...ic gas Comply with ANSI ISA 57 3 1975 R1981 or ISA S7 3 1975 R1981 The FVP110 requires an air supply of 140 to 400 kPa Within this range regulate the air supply pressure at a level within 10 of the air supply pressure specified for the actuator and at 10 of the actuator s spring range or higher WARNING Do not supply air at a pressure exceeding the maximum rated air supply pressure of the actuator ...

Страница 69: ...t in the sealing tape is allowed to enter inside the pipe Figure 32 shows the pneumatic piping ports The port specification is chosen when ordering the FVP110 Figure 32 Pneumatic Piping Port 2 Install the Double Acting type by a Connecting the output pressure pipe to the OUT2 port ensure that the OUT2 Pressure Gauge plug does not get turned around b Adjusting the pressure balance of the control re...

Страница 70: ...A01 01 Choose cables suitable for the respective ambient temperature ranges especially when they are to be laid in a hot or cold place Laying cables in or through a place where the atmosphere may include a toxic gas or liquid or oil or solvent requires wires and cables made of sufficient durability Prevent the cables from being affected by noise induced from a high capacity transformer or power su...

Страница 71: ...y seal the unused wiring port with a blind plug NOTE Wire cables through a flameproof packing adapter or using a flameproof metal conduit by Figure 35 Installing only flameproof packing adapters approved by GE Masoneilan Applying a nonhardening sealant to the terminal box connection port and to the threads on the flameproof packing adapter for waterproofing Figure 35 Typical Cable Wiring Using Fla...

Страница 72: ... box d Tightening the union cover to grip the cable When tightening the union cover tighten approximately one turn past the point where the cable no longer moves up and down CAUTION Proper tightening is important If it is too tight a circuit break in the cable can occur if not tight enough the flameproof effectiveness is compromised e Fastening the cable by tightening the clamp nut f Tightening th...

Страница 73: ... 37 Typical Wiring Using Flameproof Metal Conduit Grounding Grounding is always required for the proper operation of transmitters Follow the domestic electrical requirements as regulated in each country Ground terminals are located on the inside and outside of the terminal box Either of these terminals may be used See Figure 33 on page 54 WARNING For JIS flameproof type and intrinsically safe type...

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Страница 75: ...bus on page 85 through Actions of the FVP110 During Operation on page 109 and Transducer Block on page 123 to become familiar with the configuration of the fieldbus instrument and the function of the transducer block before starting adjustment Check that the piping and wiring connections are all correct and then supply the specified input voltage and air pressure For the connection to the fieldbus...

Страница 76: ...r to close NOTE The 0 100 of the transducer block s output can be logically reversed by setting IO_OPTS in the AO block to true Independently of the above setting the FVP110 always acts identically on power off and air supply cut off When a power failure or serious hardware damage is detected the FVP110 cuts the current signal being fed to the I P module to zero moving the valve to the safe side T...

Страница 77: ...ly From the next and any time thereafter perform only step 2 or 3 independently After detaching the FVP110 from the valve actuator and then reinstalling it to the actuator be sure to perform step 2 To carry out auto tuning write a value to the parameter AUTO_TUNE_EXEC 1 To sequentially adjust the zero point and span and then control parameter settings for the first time after installing the FVP110...

Страница 78: ...pressure during actual operation or if it is unstable optimum tuning results may not be obtained The following parameters are tuned by carrying out auto tuning For details see Description of Control Parameters on page 259 SERVO_GAIN static loop gain of internal valve control loop SERVO_RESET integral time SERVO_RATE derivative time SERVO_RATE_GAIN derivative gain SERVO_DEADBAND dead band of integr...

Страница 79: ...0 point calibration no change to either span or 0 point NOTE Only when the target mode s in both the AO and transducer blocks are O S can FINAL_VALUE value be written The result of the travel calibration is written to TRAVEL_CALIB_RESULT Check Valve Actions After carrying out auto tuning check step responses by changing the value of the transducer block s final valve position setpoint FINAL_VALUE ...

Страница 80: ...ser defined 255 allows you to define the desired characteristics by 10 line segments for evenly divided input levels The coordinates 0 0 and 100 100 are fixed set the values corresponding to OUT Output of AO block 10 20 30 80 90 A set value must be greater than the preceding set value the output must increase as the input increases Figure 38 Figure 38 Position to flow Rate Characteristic Type 2 Se...

Страница 81: ...b Make a DI block read the on off statuses of a limit switch by setting CHANNEL to 2 for reading the on off status of the upper limit switch 3 for reading the on off status of the lower limit switch Just like hardware limit switches for a valve on off status signals can be generated when the valve position read back signal FINAL_POSITION_VALUE value reaches specified levels These on off statuses c...

Страница 82: ...UNT_LIM TRAVEL_LIM OPEN_TIME_LIM CLOSE_TIME_LIM NEAR_CLOSE_TIME_LIM 6 Set NEAR_CLOSE_THRESHOLD to define the threshold of the valve position for counting NEAR_CLOSE_TIME as necessary For other alarms and self diagnostic functions see Online Diagnostics on page 129 ...

Страница 83: ...be as a rule removed to a non hazardous area for maintenance and be disassembled and reassembled to the original state For details see Installation and Operating Precautions for JIS Flameproof Equipment on page 265 On flameproof type instruments the terminal cover is locked by an Allen head bolt shrouding bolt When a shrouding bolt Figure 39 is driven clockwise by an Allen wrench it goes in and co...

Страница 84: ...VP110 s main structure Figure 40 To clean the fixed nozzle 1 Detach the control relay from the FVP110 main structure as in Replacing the Control Relay Assembly on page 69 2 Thread a wire with a 0 25 mm diameter through the nozzle to clean it 3 Replace the nozzle and O ring at the original position and re attach the control relay Figure 40 Cleaning the Nozzle CAUTION All the O rings used for the se...

Страница 85: ...n place by tightening them from below 5 When using the Double Acting Type adjust the pressure balance of the control relay as required see Tuning the Pressure Balance of Control Relay on page 71 6 Carry out tuning and check the valve s actions see Carrying out Tuning on page 61 and Check Valve Actions on page 63 Figure 41 Replacing the Control Relay Assembly NOTE For the Double Acting Type the rec...

Страница 86: ... Screen Filters Replacing the Internal Air Filter To replace the air filter at the opening to the internal pneumatic circuits Figure 43 1 Decrease the air supply pressure to zero 2 Remove the relay assembly see Replacing the Control Relay Assembly on page 69 3 Remove the pneumatic circuit holding plate and gasket There are two gaskets for Double Acting Type 4 Remove the air filter and O ring 5 Set...

Страница 87: ... The pressure balance of the FVP110 is set to approx 75 at the time of shipment To reduce the hunting phenomenon and air consumption adjust the balance pressure However if the pneumatic piping is connected to the valve actuator the pressure of a cylinder on one side becomes higher and the balance cannot be maintained To increase the balance pressure Turn the screw for adjusting the balance pressur...

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Страница 89: ...uts OS One Splitter Block PID One PID Control Function Optional Link Master Function Pressure Sensor Optional Flow Characterization Feature Linear Equal Percentage 50 1 Equal Percentage 30 1 Quick Opening Camflex Percentage Customer Characterization 10 segments Auto Tuning Function Valve Position Detecting Function Continuous Diagnostics Function Total Travel Number of Cycles Time Open Time Close ...

Страница 90: ...17 5V DC for intrinsically safe type FISCO model Conditions of Communication Line Supply Voltage 9 to 32V DC Supply Current 17 mA max Output Signals and Pressure Gauge Scale No gauge is standard Pressure gauge can be selected as option The supply pressure unit on the name plate for non gauge model is Pa Table 5 Diaphragm Single Acting Cylinder Calibration Unit Supply Air Pressure Pressure Gauge Sc...

Страница 91: ... to 2000 Hz Shock limit 10G Manual Operation Available using Auto Manual A M transfer switch Zero Adjustment Range 15 to 85 of span Span Adjustment Range Within 300 of span Valve stem Travel Range Linear Motion 10 to 100 mm 0 4 to 4 0 Rotation Range 10 to 25 Rotary Motion 20 to 90 Table 6 Diaphragm Double Acting Cylinder Calibration Unit Supply Air Pressure Pressure Gauge Scale Supply Air Output S...

Страница 92: ... 40 C 104 F EMC Conformity Standards EN61326 AS NZS CISPR11 Degrees of Protection IP65 NEMA4X Connections Air Connection 1 4 NPT female Electrical Connection 1 2 NPT M20 Pressure Gauge Connection Table 7 Diaphragm Single Acting Cylinder Parameter Value Maximum Air Consumption 0 20 SCFM 0 32 Nm3 h at 140 kPa Maximum Output Capacity 4 1 SCFM 6 6 Nm3 h at 140 kPa Table 8 Diaphragm Double Acting Cylin...

Страница 93: ...Specifications Linearity Single Acting Actuator 0 5 of Span including linkages Double Acting Actuator 1 0 of Span including linkages Hysteresis Single Acting Actuator 0 3 of Span Double Acting Actuator 0 5 of Span Ambient Temperature Effect 0 08 of Span C Position Effect 0 3 of Span 90 Vibration Effect 2 of Span at 2G 15 to 2000 Hz Table 9 Pressure Gauge Connection Connections Codes Value 6 Rc 1 8...

Страница 94: ...PID function PID control function LC1 Output monitor Built in output pressure sensor 3 and signature function 4 BP High temperature use 5 Ambient temperature limits 10 to 85 C 14 to 185 F HT Software download function 6 Based on Foundation Fieldbus Specification FF 883 Download class Class1 EE 1 Applicable for Connections code 1 5 and 6 2 Applicable for Connections code 3 3 For double acting actua...

Страница 95: ...cendive Approval 1 Applicable standard FM3600 FM3610 FM3611 FM3810 ANSI NEMA250 IS I II III 1 ABCDEFG T4 Ta 60 C Type 4X I 0 AEx ia IIC T4 Ta 60 C Type 4X NI I 2 ABCD T4 Ta 60 C Type 4X I 2 IIC T4 Ta 60 C Type 4X S II 2 FG T4 Ta 60 C Type 4X S III 2 T4 Ta 60 C Type 4X Entity Parameters Groups A B C D E F and G and Group IIC Vmax 24 V Imax 250 mA Pi 1 2 W Ci 1 76 nF Li 0 mH FISCO Parameters Groups ...

Страница 96: ...SCO model 1D Um 32 0 V Tamb 1G 40 to 60 C 40 to 140 F Tamb 1D 40 to 80 C 40 to 176 F Tamb 1GD 40 to 60 C 40 to 140 F T100 C 1D 1GD Enclosure IP65 KS25 CENELEC ATEX Type n declaration 2 5 Applicable standard EN60079 15 EEx nL IIC T4 Amb Temp 40 to 60 C 40 to 140 F Enclosure IP65 Ui 32 V Ci 1 76 nF Li 0 H KN25 TIIS Flameproof Approval 3 Certificate TC15453 TC15452 for option code BP Ex d IIC T6 Amb ...

Страница 97: ...81 Dimensions Standard Specifications Dimensions Figure 46 Single Acting Actuator Dimensions ...

Страница 98: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 82 GE Energy Figure 47 Double Acting Actuator Dimensions ...

Страница 99: ...83 Dimensions Standard Specifications Figure 48 Terminal Configuration ...

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Страница 101: ...tion on other features engineering design construction work startup and maintenance of Fieldbus refer to Fieldbus Technical Information TI 38K3A01 01E Internal Structure of FVP110 The FVP110 contains two virtual field devices VFD that share the following functions System network Managem ent VFD Sets node addresses and Physical Device tags PD Tag necessary for communication Controls the execution o...

Страница 102: ...lock and feedbacks it to an upstream block DI function block Receives the discrete signal from Transducer block and outputs them PID function block optional Offers PID control function Logical Structure of Each Block Setting of various parameters node addresses and PD Tags shown in Figure 49 is required before starting operation Figure 49 Logical Structure of Each Block ...

Страница 103: ...ation line while dedicated com munication tools are used for experimental purposes Cable Used for connecting devices Refer to Fieldbus Technical Infor mation TI 38K3A01 01E for details of instrumentation cabling Provide a cable sufficiently long to connect all devices For field branch cabling use terminal boards or a connection box as required If the total length of the cable is in a range of 2 to...

Страница 104: ...tory 594543 0001 594543 0007 EE 594543 is the manufacturer number of GE Masoneilan and 0001 or 0007 is the FVP110 device number respectively If this directory is not found the DD of FVP110 has not been included 1 Create the above directory 2 Copy the DD file 0m0n ffo 0m0n sym m n is a numeral into the directory The name and attribute of all parameters of the FVP110 appear Off line configuration is...

Страница 105: ...r each device 5 Communication setting Sets the link between communication parameters and function blocks 6 Block setting Sets the parameters for function blocks Network Design on page 90 describes each step of the procedure in the order given Using a dedicated configuration tool allows the procedure to be significantly simplified This section describes the procedure to be assigned for a host which...

Страница 106: ...ces as terminators The PD Tag is the same as the conventional one used for the device up to 32 alphanumeric characters Use a hyphen as a delimiter as required 2 Define the node address for devices This is used to specify devices for communication purposes Because data is too long for a PD Tag the host uses the node address in place of the PD Tag for communication A range of 20 to 247 or hexadecima...

Страница 107: ...efer to the specification of each device for details Table 13 lists FVP110 specification values Table 13 Operation Parameter Values of the FVP110 to be Set to LM Devices Symbol Parameters Description V ST Slot Time Indicates the time necessary for immediate reply of the device Unit of time is in octets 256 s Set maximum specification for all devices For FVP set a value of 4 or greater V MID Minimu...

Страница 108: ... this case change the FVP110 schedule according to Table 14 FVP110 schedule is set as shown in Table 14 change it as necessary Maximum execution times are 95 ms for AO block 40 ms for each DI block 95 ms for an OS block 120 ms fora PID block For scheduling of communications for combination with the next function block the execution is arranged to start after a lapse of longer than the times above ...

Страница 109: ...her Instruments Figure 53 Function Block Schedule and Communication Schedule For the case where the control period macrocycle is set to four seconds or longer set the following interval larger than 1 of the macrocycle The interval between the end of block execution and the start of releasing CD from LAS The interval between the end of a block execution and the start of the next block execution ...

Страница 110: ...xadecimal 0xF7 that are set upon shipment from the factory unless otherwise specified If two FVP110s are connected at a time one FVP110 keeps the shipment address while the other has a default address See Figure 52 3 To Change only the node address clear the address once and then set a new node address Set the PD Tag first clear the node address and clear the PD Tag then set the PD Tag and node ad...

Страница 111: ...e Server successfully Source QUU VCR A Source multicasts alarms or trends to other devices This type of communication is called QUU Queued User triggered Unidi rectional VCR A Source VCR transmits data without established connection A Sink QUU VCR on another device can receive if the Sink is so configured Publisher BNU VCR A Publisher multicasts AI block output to another function block s This typ...

Страница 112: ...the FVP110 Function Blocks Sub index Parameters Description 1 LocalIndex Sets the index of function block parameters to be combined set 0 for Trend and Alert 2 VcrNumber Sets the index of VCR to be combined If set to 0 this link object is not used 3 RemoteIndex Sets the index of remote object associated with this link object 4 ServiceOperation Set one of the following Set only one each for link ob...

Страница 113: ...esource AO and DI1 and DI2 function block and each View object has the parameters listed in Table 17 to Table 22 Table 16 Execution Schedule of the FVP110 Function Blocks Sub index Parameters Description 1 Block Index Sets the leading index of the function block that takes a trend 2 Parameter Relative Index Sets the index of parameters taking a trend by a value relative to the beginning of the fun...

Страница 114: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 98 GE Energy Table 17 View Object for Transducer Block ...

Страница 115: ...99 View Object Configuration Table 11 View Object for Transducer Block continued ...

Страница 116: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 100 GE Energy Table 11 View Object for Transducer Block continued 1 These parameters are not usually used TEST_48 Relative index 165 applies to option code EE ...

Страница 117: ...101 View Object Configuration Table 18 View Object for AO Function Block ...

Страница 118: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 102 GE Energy Table 19 View Object for DI1 DI2 Function Block ...

Страница 119: ...103 View Object Configuration Table 20 View Object for OS Function Block ...

Страница 120: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 104 GE Energy Table 21 View Object for PID Function Block ...

Страница 121: ...105 View Object Configuration Table 22 View Object for Resource Block ...

Страница 122: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 106 GE Energy Table 23 Indexes of View for Each Block Table 24 View Object for IS SIGSEL Block Table 25 AR Block Arithmetic Block Access ...

Страница 123: ...Block Parameters Function block parameters are read from the host or can be set For a list and details of the parameters of blocks held by the FVP110 refer to the section for each function block and the list of parameters in the latter part of this manual ...

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Страница 125: ...mes same as target There is a chance that actual mode says different from target by some reason Permitted This mode shows which mode is allowed in the function block Normal This mode is a memo to record mode what an operator expects in normal conditions Table 26 shows the modes supported by each FVP110 function block Modes marked with cannot be specified as target Table 26 Block Modes Function Blo...

Страница 126: ... is bad or its target mode is Man the block enters Man mode In Man mode the function block does not update its OUT value If the tar get is also Man it allows you to write a desired value to it Auto mode In Auto mode the function block performs the specified calcula tions based on the setpoint and outputs the result independently without interlocking with another function block You can write the se...

Страница 127: ...automatically changes mode to IMan to ini tialize the control of its downstream block The respective modes that each block enters on occurrence of a communication error and at a restart and the handling of sig nals in each mode can be defined in the block s option parame ters such as IO_OPTS and STATUS_OPTS For details see the detailed descriptions of each function block Table 27 Examples of Block...

Страница 128: ...enerated as a block alarm or write error alarm DI block a discrete alert is generated as a block alarm or DISC alarm Transducer AO and PID block a discrete alert is only generated as a block alarm Update alerts Generated when a change is made to the settings of certain parameters Table 28 shows the elements composing an alert object Table 28 Alert Objects Subindex Parameter Name Description Analog...

Страница 129: ...fier assembly Figure 55 To engage this function Slide the switch position to ON or Remotely write REMOTE LOOP TEST SWITCH to SIM_ENABLE_MSG However the value of SIM_ENABLE_MSG is lost when the power to the FVP110 is turned off When the simulation can be carried out alarms generated from the resource blocks mask the other device alarms Hence simulation must be disabled immediately after it has fini...

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Страница 131: ...a block alarm in the following cases An error represented by a bit in BLOCK_ERROR Table 29 has occurred identified as a Block alarm A static parameter has been written identified as an update event The value of a write locked parameter has been modified identified as Write alarm Table 29 BLOCK_ERROR in Resource Block Bit Name of Error Represented Cause 3 Simulate Active SIMULATE is active 5 Device...

Страница 132: ...eaning 0x80000000 0x40000000 0x20000000 0x10000000 0x08000000 0x04000000 0x02000000 Download fail Download fail 0x01000000 Download incomplete Download incomplete 0x00800000 Sim enable Jmpr On 0x00400000 RB is in O S mode 0x00200000 0x00100000 0x00080000 EEPROM Failure 0x00040000 0x00020000 0x00010000 0x00008000 Link Obj 1 17 not open The VCR 1 to which link object 1 or 17 is specified to be linke...

Страница 133: ...ject 9 or 25 is specified to be linked is not open 0x00000040 Link Obj 10 not open The VCR 1 to which link object 10 is specified to be linked is not open 0x00000020 Link Obj 11 not open The VCR 1 to which link object 11 is specified to be linked is not open 0x00000010 Link Obj 12 not open The VCR 1 to which link object 12 is specified to be linked is not open 0x00000008 Link Obj 13 not open The V...

Страница 134: ...has occurred in the PID block 0x00080000 DI2 BLOCK_ERR not Zero Block Error has occurred in the DI2 block 0x00040000 DI1 BLOCK_ERR not Zero Block Error has occurred in the DI1 block 0x00020000 AO BLOCK_ERR not Zero Block Error has occurred in the AO block 0x00010000 TB XD_ERROR not Zero XD Error has occurred in the Transducer block 0x00008000 TB in Signature executing Signature is proceeding 0x000...

Страница 135: ...block is in O S mode 0x00000008 DI2 in O S mode DI2 block is in O S mode 0x00000004 DI1 in O S mode DI1 block is in O S mode 0x00000002 AO in O S mode AO block is in O S mode 0x00000001 TB in O S mode TB block is in O S mode Table 31 DEVICE_STATUS_2 Continued Hexadecimal Indication Indication when Device Description is Installed Meaning ...

Страница 136: ...VICE_STATUS_3 Hexadecimal Indication Indication when Device Description is Installed Meaning 0x80000000 0x40000000 0x20000000 0x10000000 0x08000000 0x04000000 0x02000000 0x01000000 0x00800000 0x00400000 0x00200000 0x00100000 0x00080000 0x00040000 0x00020000 0x00010000 ...

Страница 137: ...0400 Pressure sensor failure 0x00000200 Temperature sensor failure 0x00000100 Deviation warning 0x00000080 Position sensor out of range 0x00000040 Pressure sensor out of range 0x00000020 Temperature sensor out of range 0x00000010 Total near close limit exceed 0x00000008 Total close limit exceed 0x00000004 Total open limit exceed 0x00000002 Travel limit exceed 0x00000001 Cycle count limit exceed Ta...

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Страница 139: ... and full open actions Valve position to flow rate characteristics conversion Travel calibration Diagnostics of valve and positioner Valve position limit switches Pressure and temperature measurement pressure measurement requires the optional sensor Fail safe The FVP110 transducer block is connected to an AO function block and two DI blocks via its channels as shown in Table 33 and Figure 56 Table...

Страница 140: ...ired characteristics by 10 line segments for evenly divided input levels The coordinates 0 0 and 100 100 are fixed set the values corresponding to OUT Output of AO block 10 20 30 80 90 A set value must be greater than the preceding set value the output must increase as the input increases This flow rate conversion is applied to the signal in the backward path as well FINAL_VALUE and Range The para...

Страница 141: ...After the full open action is activated when FINAL_VALUE value becomes less than FINAL_VALUE_CUTOFF_HI by 1 or more the fullopen action turns off Although the actual output signal level is changed to a level outside the range during the period when the tight shut or full open action is on the value of FINAL_VALUE value remains as computed and is not affected by these actions Backward Path The foll...

Страница 142: ...uto Tuning WARNING This function strokes the valve over its full range Do not execute while valve is controlling the process Keep away from the movable parts to avoid injury Auto tuning checks the valve responses and automatically tunes control parameter settings The actions performed are chosen as shown in Table 34 To carry out auto tuning see Carrying out Tuning on page 61 Before carrying out au...

Страница 143: ...uning Continued Value Comment Description Table 35 AUTO_TUNE_RESULT TRAVEL_CALIB_RESULT Value Comment Error Warning 2 Description 1 Succeeded Auto tuning Travel calibration has succeeded 2 Cancelled Auto tuning has been canceled 21 Exhaust air pressure warning W The measured exhaust pressure exceeds 60 kPa 22 Small supply air pressure warning W The measured supply air pressure is less than 100 kPa...

Страница 144: ...LVE_TYPE is rotary and the rotation angle span exceeds 100 102 50 angle error E VALVE_TYPE is linear and the rotation angle at the 50 position exceeds 25 103 Linear adjust error E FINAL_VALUE value falls outside 50 10 at 50 position 120 Offset measurement failed error E Offset measurement has failed 121 Gain measurement failed error E Gain measurement has failed 122 Response speed measurement fail...

Страница 145: ...on is intended to minimize the linearity error at the 50 point Also if the feedback lever slightly deviates from a horizontal level due to careless FVP110 positioner installation an error caused by this shift is corrected by the 50 point calibration Carrying out auto tuning of Index 2 or 4 clears the 50 calibration result Carry out the 50 point calibration after other tuning has finished The resul...

Страница 146: ... has exceeded DEVIATION_LIM continuously for the period specified by DEVIATION_TIME_TH 1 114 Servo output drift warning SERVO_OUTPUT_SIGNAL has reached SERVO_WARN_LO_LIM or SERVO_WARN_HI_LIM and has continued in excess of SERVO_TIME_TH This is not applicable for tight shut or full open actions or when the period specified by SERVO_TIME_TH is less than 0 120 Temperature sensor failure Temperature s...

Страница 147: ...g parameter TOTAL_CYCLE_ COUNT Incremented by 1 at each change in the direction of the valve action indicating the total number of times of changes in direc tion of valve actions TOTAL_TRAVEL Total travel distance of the stem position shown as a percent age of the valve position span TOTAL_OPEN_TIME and TOTAL_CLOSE_ TIME TOTAL_CLOSE_TIME contains the integrated time periods in hours when the valve...

Страница 148: ... unit of temperature is defined by TEMPERATURE_UNIT and is selected from 1101 C 1102 F A FVP110 with an optional pressure sensor can measure the output air pressure to the valve actuator and sets it in the parameter OUTPUT_PRESSURE The unit of pressure is defined by Unit Code in SPRING_RANGE and is selected from 1133 kPa 1137 bar 1141 psi 1145 kgf cm2 SERVO_GAIN SERVO_RESET SERVO_RATE SERVO_RATE_G...

Страница 149: ...block and outputs it to the actuator The major functions of the AO function block include Figure 57 Scaling Setpoint limiters for both the value and rate of change Simulation Valve position feedback Actions upon abnormality of upstream block Signal inversion Figure 57 Inputs Outputs of AO Function Block ...

Страница 150: ...ock and then passed to the transducer block The upstream block is typically the PID controller block and the control signal from the PID block is input as the source of computing the setpoint SP for the AO block The path for computing the SP differs depending on the mode In Cas mode CAS_IN is used for SP In RCas mode RCAS_IN is used for SP If the value of CAS_IN or RCAS_IN whichever is used is gre...

Страница 151: ...Cas and the status of RCAS_IN is Good IFS In LO mode the block holds the output OUT or outputs FSTATE_VAL according to the setting of IO_OPTS The factory setting is to hold the output Backward Path The backward path functions as 1 The valve position signal from the transducer block is written to the AO block parameter READBACK 2 Is scaled based on XD_SCALE and PV_SCALE for conversion to the proces...

Страница 152: ...de is Cas 5 Increase to close Inverts the signal while it goes from SP through OUT 6 Faultstate Type Faultstate to value Uses a FSTATE_VALUE in LO mode 7 Faultstate Type Use Faultstate value on restart Uses a value preset for fault state also at a restart 8 Target to Man Sets the target mode to Man upon activation of the fault state 9 PV for BKCAL_OUT Sets the value of PV in BKCAL_OUT and RCAS_OUT...

Страница 153: ... normal return Sets MODE_BLK actual to Auto 2 and leaves MODE_BLK target unchanged 4 Shed to Auto no return Sets both MODE_BLK actual and MODE_BLK target to Auto 2 5 Shed to Manual normal return Sets MODE_BLK actual to Man and leaves MODE_BLK target unchanged 6 Shed to Manual no return Sets both MODE_BLK actual and MODE_BLK target to Man 7 Shed to retained target normal return If Cas is set in MOD...

Страница 154: ...ority Levels 2 Only when Auto is set as permitted mode NOTE If a control block is connected as a cascade primary block of the AO block a mode transition of the AO block to Cas occurs in the following sequence due to initialization of the cascade connection RCas Auto Cas Initialization at Start To prevent a sudden change in output when the AO block carries out the specified actions for the first ti...

Страница 155: ...LOCK_ERROR in AO Block Bit Name of Error Represented Condition 3 Simulate Active SIMULATE is active 4 Local Override Fault state is on and Propagate Fault Backward is false 7 Input Failure process variable has BAD status Propagate Fault Backward in STATUS_OPTS is false and the sub status component of the status of READBACK is sensor failure or device failure 15 Out of Service The target mode is O ...

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Страница 157: ...n high and low limit switch signals generated by the transducer block Figure 60 Figure 60 Inputs Outputs of DI Function Block The major functions of a DI function block include Figure 61 Signal inversion I O processing option Simulation Filtering time delay Alarm generation Figure 61 Function Diagram of DI Function Block ...

Страница 158: ...a Simulate Status Status to be set in simulation mode Simulate Value Value to be set in simulation mode Transducer Status Status of input from transducer Transducer Value Value of input from transducer Enable Disable Whether to enable 2 or disable 1 simulation The value of FIELD_VAL_D is copied to the process value PV_D At this time if the Invert option bit 0 is specified as true the on off status...

Страница 159: ...n off status Table 43 IO_OPTS of DI Block Bit Meaning Description 3 Propagate Fault Forward Stipulates the handling of the value and data status of OUT_D when the quality component of the data status of SIMULATE_D falls to Bad and the substatus component falls to device failure or sensor failure If this option is true then it Does not generate a block alarm Sets the status and value of SIMULATE_D ...

Страница 160: ... alarm of the parameter OUT_D When the value of OUT_D agrees with the value of DISC_LIM the alarm state of DISC_ALM is set to active and an alert is generated Table 44 BLOCK_ERROR in DI Block Bit Meaning Description 3 Simulate Active SIMULATE_D is active 7 Input Failure process variable has BAD status Propagate Fault Backward in STATUS_OPTS is false and the sub status component of the status of RE...

Страница 161: ...uts of OS Function Block The OS block receives a control signal and converts it into two signals in accordance with the predefined relationships The major functions of the OS block include Figure 63 Conversion of the setpoint SP value into two output values OUT_1 and OUT_2 in accordance with the user specified characteristics set in IN_ARRAY and OUT_ARRAY Generation of the output value to be fed b...

Страница 162: ...re 64 Figure 64 Examples of Valve Operation Characteristics These characteristics are determined by the array element values in parameters IN_ARRAY and OUT_ARRAY IN_ARRAY X11 X12 X21 X22 OUT_ARRAY Y11 Y12 Y21 Y22 Coordinates P1 X11 Y11 and P2 X12 Y12 define the start and stop points of the characteristics for OUT_1 and P3 X21 Y21 and P4 X22 Y22 define those for OUT_2 These two operation characteri...

Страница 163: ...urns to follow the set characteristic Figure 65 LOCKVAL and HYSTVAL When both downstream blocks of the OS block are ready for cascade connection the OS block connects the block on the side of OUT_1 first For bumpless mode change on the side of OUT_2 the balancing time for connection can be set in BAL_TIME When either downstream block alone is ready for cascade connection the OS block connects it a...

Страница 164: ...UT_2 status to Initial Fault State IFS if CAS_IN status is Bad 4 Propagate Fault Backward If this option is True then Set the status of BKCAL_OUT to device failure if the quality and substatus components of both BKCAL_IN_1 and BKCAL_IN_2 are Bad Sensor Failure and Device Failure respectively If this option is False then Set the status of BKCAL_OUT to device failure if the quality and substatus com...

Страница 165: ...ure 67 As a switch the block can receive switching information from either the connected inputs or from an operator input The block also supports the concept of a middle selection Although the normal configuration for this feature would be with three signals the block should generate an average of the middle two if four signals are configured or the average of two if three are configured and a bad...

Страница 166: ... fewer than MIN_GOOD inputs then set the value of SELECTED to zero Do not do selection processing Selection Processing If OP_SELECT is non zero the OP_SELECT value shall determine the selected input regardless of the SELECT_TYPE selection Set SELECTED to the number of the input used If SELECT_TYPE is First Good transfer the value of the first remaining input to the output of the block Set SELECTED...

Страница 167: ...uts used in the average Limit Processing The computations to determine high and low limit conditions for the output can be complex They should be done to the best of the designer s ability The limits of OUT should be able to tell a PID to stop integrating if the measurement cannot move Supported Modes O S Man and Auto Alarm Types Standard block alarm Mode Handling Standard Status Handling If there...

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Страница 169: ... The inputs used to form the PV should come from devices with the desired engineering units so that the PV enters the equation with the right units Each of the additional inputs has a bias and gain constant The bias can be used to correct for absolute temperature or pressure The gain can be used to normalize terms within a square root function The output also has gain and bias constants for any fu...

Страница 170: ...d be set to zero In each case the PV should have a status of Good until the condition no longer applies Otherwise the status of IN_LO is used for the PV if g is less than 0 5 while IN is used for g greater than or equal to 0 5 An optional internal hysteresis can be used to calculate the status switching point Six constants are used for the three auxiliary inputs Each has a BIAS_IN_i and a GAIN_IN_...

Страница 171: ...imited Flow compensation approximate Both IN_2 and IN_3 would be connected to the same temperature func f PV f sqrt t_1 t_2 t_3 t_3 limited BTU flow Where IN_1 is inlet temperature and IN_2 the outlet temperature func f PV f t_1 t_2 limited Traditional Multiply Divide func f PV f t_1 t_2 t_3 limited Average func PV t_1 t_2 t_3 f f number of inputs used in computation unusable inputs are not used T...

Страница 172: ...it has a special meaning for unused limits Roots of negative numbers produce the root of the absolute value with a negative sign The output has absolute high and low limits Supported Modes O S Man and Auto Alarm Types Standard block alarm Mode Handling The algorithm never changes the mode even when inputs go bad If the mode is changed to Man an internal value is set to the difference between OUT a...

Страница 173: ...tion Block General The PID function block receives an input signal Figure 70 performs PID control computation and outputs the control signal like a single loop controller Figure 70 Inputs Outputs of PID Function Block ...

Страница 174: ...alue and rate of change Scaling of process variable PV setpoint SP and output OUT PID control computation Control action bypass Feed forward External output tracking Measured value tracking Output limiters Mode shedding upon computer failure Alarm generation Figure 71 Function Diagram of PID Function Block Modes The target mode for the PID function block can be set from five block modes ROut RCas ...

Страница 175: ...DN PID Computation For PID control the block employs the PV proportional and PV derivative type PID control algorithm referred to as the I PD control algorithm for Auto and RCas mode This algorithm measures control stability against sudden changes in the setpoint such as when you enter a new setpoint value At the same time the IPD algorithm ensures excellent controllability by performing proportio...

Страница 176: ...utput The final control output value OUT is computed based on the change in control output ΔMVn which is calculated at each control period in accordance with the aforementioned algorithm The PID block performs the velocity type output action for the control output by determining the value of the new control output OUT by adding the change in control output calculated in the current control period ...

Страница 177: ...PID control computation can be bypassed to set the SP value in the control output OUT Figure 72 Setting BYPASS to ON bypasses the PID control computation Figure 72 Control Action Bypass Table 48 PID Control Parameters Value of Direct Acting Resulting Action True The output increases when the input PV is greater than the setpoint SP False The output decreases when the input PV is greater than the s...

Страница 178: ... FF_VAL is Bad the value of LUV Last usable value is used instead of FF_VAL If LUV contains no value the feed forward action is not carried out Figure 73 Feed forward External output Tracking LO External output tracking outputs the value of the remote output TRK_VAL set from outside the PID block Figure 74 External tracking is performed when the block mode is LO Figure 74 External value Tracking T...

Страница 179: ...r that stipulates control options Table 49 Table 49 CONTROL_OPTS of PID Block Bit Options in CONTROL_OPTS Description 0 Bypass Enable Switch for activating the control action bypass 1 SP PV Track in Man Equalizes SP to PV when MODE_BLK target is set to Man 2 SP PV Track in Rout Equalizes SP to PV when MODE_BLK target is set to ROut 3 SP PV Track in LO or IMan Equalizes SP to PV when MODE_BLK actua...

Страница 180: ...nt of BKCAL_IN status is FSA LO NI or IR Manual Fallback Manual fallback denotes an abnormality handling action in which a PID block changes mode to Man manual and suspends the control action The manual fallback action is enabled to take place if the Target to Manual if BAD IN option in STATUS_OPTS is set as true and it takes place when the following condition is met IN status data status of IN is...

Страница 181: ...when the control action bypass is on Table 50 STATUS_OPTS of PID Block Bit Options in CONTROL_OPTS Description 0 IFS if BAD IN Sets the sub status component of OUT status to IFS if IN status is Bad except when PID control bypass is on 1 IFS if BAD CAS IN Sets the sub status component of OUT status to IFS if CAS_IN status is Bad 2 Use Uncertain as Good Does not regard IN as being in Bad status when...

Страница 182: ...ged Normal shed no return Sets both MODE_BLK actual and MODE_BLK target to Cas 1 Shed to Auto normal return Sets MODE_BLK actual to Auto 2 and leaves MODE_BLK target unchanged Shed to Auto no return Sets both MODE_BLK actual and MODE_BLK target to Auto 2 Shed to Manual normal return Sets MODE_BLK actual to Man and leaves MODE_BLK target unchanged Shed to Manual no return Sets both MODE_BLK actual ...

Страница 183: ...ry block of the PID block in question a mode transition of the PID block to Cas occurs in the following sequence due to initialization of the cascade connection RCas or ROut Auto Cas Alarms There are two kinds of alarms generated by a PID block block and process alarms Block Alarm BLOCK_ALM The block alarm BLOCK_ALM is generated on occurrence of the errors in Table 52 values set in BLOCK_ERR and n...

Страница 184: ...Process Alarms Process Alarm Cause of Occurrence Parameter Containing Priority Level Setting HI_HI_ALM Occurs when the PV increases above the HI_HI_LIM value HI_HI_PRI HI_ALM Occurs when the PV increases above HI_LIM value HI_PRI LO_ALM Occurs when the PV decreases below the LO_LIM value LO_PRI LO_LO_ALM Occurs when the PV decreases below the LO_LO_LIM value LO_LO_LIM DV_HI_ALM Occurs when the val...

Страница 185: ...e positioner The FVP110 features diagnostics as shown below Set the measurement conditions for the signature s you want to measure Signatures and Relevant Parameters on page 172 Set SIGN_MEAS_EXEC to select the signature s for measurement and perform measurements After the measurement is finished set SIGN_UPLOAD_DATABASE to select the data to upload and upload the values of SIGN_DATA_X and SIGN_DA...

Страница 186: ...IM Incremented by 1 at each change in the direction of the valve action The dead band can be set in CYCLE_DEADBAND Total travel TOTAL_TRAVEL TRAVEL_LIM Total travel distance of the stem position regardless of the direction of the travel represented as a percentage of the valve position span full stroke The dead band can be set in CYCLE_DEADBAND Total close time hours TOTAL_CLOSE_TIME CLOSE_TIME_LI...

Страница 187: ... functions ValVueFF facilitates executions of signature measurement uploads of measured data display of measured data in a graph and comparisons of measured data with previously measured data This User s Manual outlines the contents of each type of signature and explains the signature pertaining parameters in the transducer block For instructions on performing signature measurement see the User s ...

Страница 188: ...aracteristic measured at 10 through 90 of the full stroke in 10 intervals over a round trip The following is settable in STD_ACT_SIGN_SET Recommended Scan Time seconds Scan Time seconds Deviation Margin Performing measurements sets the pressure data in SIGN_DATA_X and the position data in SIGN_DATA_Y To save the signature to FVP110 non volatile memory Select 2 Save as a Factory data or 3 Save as r...

Страница 189: ...e seconds not used in this function Scan Time seconds Deviation Margin Sampling Rate milliseconds The sampling rate can be set within the range of 200 through 1000 milliseconds The total number of measured samples is obtained by the following formula Scan time sampling rate 1000 points Performing measurements sets the pressure data in SIGN_DATA_X and the position data in SIGN_DATA_Y Step Response ...

Страница 190: ...Setpoint Intervals points Recommended Wait Time seconds read only Wait Time seconds Performing measurements sets the setpoint in SIGN_DATA_X and the position data in SIGN_DATA_Y For the intervals set the number of points of measurement in the increasing direction within the range of 4 through 20 The total number of points of measurement in a round trip results in Intervals 2 1 For the wait time se...

Страница 191: ...nstallation Air Piping Are the air pipes correctly connected Is there no leak of air Is the air supply pressure high enough to drive the valve Is the A M selector on the positioner set to A automatic Wiring Is the FVP110 positioner correctly connected to the fieldbus Are the conductors incorrectly connected in other words is the plus side connected to minus and vice versa Has the power to the fiel...

Страница 192: ...FVP110 is frequently cut off The fieldbus is experiencing a large amount of noise Using an oscilloscope or the like check the waveform on the fieldbus The FVP110 can be detected but neither function blocks nor transducer block can be seen The node address of the FVP110 is left as the default 0xF8 0xFB Change it to an operable address See the descriptions for address settings Setting of Tags and Ad...

Страница 193: ...n function blocks execute are not set correctly Set the schedules using a configuration tool Configuration on page 89 The transducer block is in O S mode Change the target mode of the transducer block to Auto Function Block Parame ters on page 183 Block Modes on page 109 A block s dynamic parameters do not update The block in question is in O S mode Change the target mode as necessary Function Blo...

Страница 194: ...ule or control relay has failed or there is breakage in the cable between the I P module and control relay If the output pressure does not increase even though the SERVO_OUTPUT_SIGN AL value is at maximum contact the nearest service station or representative office The valve s full stroke is insufficient for the setpoint input The air supply pressure is not high enough to drive the valve actuator ...

Страница 195: ...TUNE_EXEC to redo auto tuning 2 Use the actuator of proper size Carrying out Tuning on page 61 The dead band of integral action is too little Write 4 or 3 to AUTO_TUNE_EXEC to redo auto tuning Or increase the SERVO_DEADBAND setting until the valve stops oscillating Carrying out Tuning on page 61 Control Parameters on page 132 Function Block Parame ters on page 183 Manual Tun ing Guideline on page ...

Страница 196: ... occurs in XD_ERROR in steady states XD_ERROR on page 129 The control gain is insufficient Write 4 or 3 to AUTO_TUNE_EXEC to redo auto tuning Or increase the SERVO_GAIN setting Carrying out Tuning on page 61 Control Parameters on page 132 Function Block Parame ters on page 183 Manual Tun ing Guideline on page 253 There s air leak from the pipe of output pressure or feedback lever is not correctly ...

Страница 197: ...ould not be measured If there is nothing wrong with the air supply pressure and piping contact the nearest service station or representative office When auto tuning has finished AUTO_TUNE_RESULT changes value to an index from 42 to 44 or from 120 to 123 The measured time delay constant hysteresis and or slip width of the valve is excessively large Check whether they meet the characteristics specif...

Страница 198: ...necessary to replace the position sensor Contact our nearest representative or service station The position sensor signal is unstable or XD_ERROR indicates error 124 The position sensor has failed or there is breakage in the cable between the sensor and amplifier It may be necessary to replace the position sensor Contact the nearest representative or service station The pressure sensor signal is u...

Страница 199: ...legends of the entries are as follows O S Can be written when the corresponding block is in O S mode Man Can be written when the corresponding block is in Man mode Auto Can be written when the corresponding block is in Auto Man or O S mode Can be written in no mode of the corresponding block Blank Can be written in all modes of the corresponding block ...

Страница 200: ...a key to identify the point from which an alert is issued normally used by an upper level system to select alerts to provide to a particular operator who covers a specific area of the plant 5 1005 MODE_BLK O S Auto Universal parameter that indicates the block operation conditions and is composed of actual mode target mode permitted modes and normal mode 6 1006 BLOCK_ERR Universal parameter indicat...

Страница 201: ...017 FEATURES Shows supportable optional features of the block 18 1018 FEATURE_ SEL Parameter used to select the optional features of the resource block 19 1019 CYCLE_ TYPE Scheduled Bit string indicating cycle types executable for the resources Bit 0 Scheduled to be scheduled Bit 1 Event driven to be driven by an event Bit 2 Manufacturer specified executable by a manufacturer specified unique func...

Страница 202: ...he remote output setting is sent not used in the FVP110 however 28 1028 FAULT_ STATE 1 Indicates the fault state 29 1029 SET_FSTATE 1 Sets the fault state 30 1030 CLR_FSTATE 1 Clears the fault state 31 1031 MAX_NOTIFY 3 Maximum number of alerts retained in the device FVP110 32 1032 LIM_NOTIFY 3 Maximum number of alerts to be held by the device YVP110 used by the user to restrict the number of aler...

Страница 203: ...n number of the inter operability test kit 42 1042 SOFT_REV Revision number of software 43 1043 SOFT_DSC Revision number of software for development purpose 44 1044 SIM_ENABLE _MSG Null Used to determine whether to enable the simulation function to run To enable set REMOTE LOOP TEST SWITCH 45 1045 DEVICE_STA TUS_1 0 Shows device statuses mainly link object setting statuses 46 1046 DEVICE_STA TUS_2...

Страница 204: ...a change is made to the parameter settings for the resource block to indicate the revision level of the settings and used to see whether or not there is a change in parameter settings 2 2002 TAG_DESC Spaces Universal parameter storing the description of the tag 3 2003 STRATEGY 1 Universal parameter used by an upper level system to classify the function blocks 4 2004 ALERT_KEY 1 Universal parameter...

Страница 205: ...mber of data collection and the index number to be started with 13 2013 FINAL_ VALUE O S Stores the valve control level and status written by the AO block 14 2014 FINAL_ VALUE _RANGE 10 110 O S Defines the upper and lower range limits of FINAL_VALUE and the unit code and decimal point position for value indication of INAL_VALUE 15 2015 FINAL_ VALUE _CUTOFF_HI 110 O S If the value of FINAL_VALUE is...

Страница 206: ...VE_MAN _ID 0 ID of valve manufacturer 26 2026 VALVE_ MODEL _NUM Null Model number of valve 27 2027 VALVE_SN 0 Serial number of valve 28 2028 VALVE_TYPE 1 O S Valve type 1 linear motion valve 2 rotary motion valve 29 2029 XD_CAL_ LOC Null Shows and is used to record the location where the positioner was calibrated 30 2030 XD_CAL_ DATE 01 01 00 Shows and is used to record the date when the positione...

Страница 207: ...it switch 36 2036 LIMSW_LO_ LIM 10 Setting of low limit switch 37 2037 ELECT_ TEMP Indicates the temperature on amplifier board 38 2038 TEMPERATU RE _UNIT 1101 C O S Defines the unit of temperature indication above 1101 C 1102 F 39 2039 SUPPLY _PRESSURE 140 kPa O S Air supply pressure irrespective of control 40 2040 SPRING_ RANGE 20 kPa 100 kPa O S Defines the pressure range and unit for valve ope...

Страница 208: ...meter set by auto tuning 0 1 to 10 48 2048 BOOST_ VALUE 1 8 10 of MV O S Boost value a control parameter set by auto tuning 0 to 50 of MV 49 2049 SERVO_I_ SLEEP _LMT 1 0 sec O S Integral action sleep timer setting a control parameter set by auto tuning 0 to10 sec 50 2050 SERVO_P_ ALPHA 1 O S Multiplication coefficient for the square of proportional factor a control parameter set by auto tuning 0 t...

Страница 209: ... Valid when an optional pressure sensor is specified 59 2059 CONTROL_ DIR 2 Defines the acting direction of the feedback loop 1 direct 2 reverse 60 2060 THETA_HI 1 2 0 2 rad Upper angle signal limit of position sensor in radians 61 2061 THETA_LO 1 2 0 2 rad Upper angle signal limit of position sensor in radians 62 2062 THETA_P 1 2 0 rad Angle signal equal to 50 from position sensor in radians 63 2...

Страница 210: ...TOTAL_ CYCLE _COUNT 0 O S Total number of cycles To reset the count write 0 75 2075 CYCLE _DEADBAND 0 25 Dead band of cycle counting 76 2076 CYCLE_ COUNT _LIM 2 32 1 High limit alarm setting for TOTAL_CYCLE_COUNT When TOTAL_CYCLE_COUNT has reached this setting a block alarm is generated 77 2077 TOTAL_ TRAVEL 0 O S Total amount of travel To reset the count write 0 78 2078 TRAVEL _DEADBAND 0 25 Dead...

Страница 211: ... to or less than the value set in NEAR_CLOSE_THRESHOLD judged as when the valve is nearly closed To reset the count write 0 86 2086 NEAR_ CLOSE _ THRESHOLD 3 0 Threshold for judging that the valve is nearly closed 87 2087 NEAR_ CLOSE _TIME_LIM 2 32 1 hours High limit alarm setting for TOTAL_NEAR_CLOSE_TIM When TOTAL_NEAR_CLOSE_TIM has reached this setting a block alarm is generated 88 2088 DEVIATI...

Страница 212: ..._ SENS _INSTALLED 1 Indicates whether a pressure sensor is equipped 1 equipped 2 not equipped 94 2094 ACTUATOR_ TYPE As specified upon ordering Actuator type 1 single acting 2 double acting 95 2095 RELAY_TYPE 1 Control relay type 1 direct acting 96 2096 SIGN_MEAS_ EXEC 1 O S Carries outs signature measurement 1 off 97 2097 SIGN_MEAS _RESULT 1 Indicates the signature measurement status and result 1...

Страница 213: ...5 SIGN_MEAS_ DATE 01 01 00 00 00 00 000 Parameter used to upload the date and time of signature measurement 106 2106 SIGN_ HEADER _DATA inf Parameter used to upload the ambient temperature and settings at signature measurement 107 2107 STD_ACT_ SIGN _SET 180 180 50 Settings of the standard actuator signature 108 2108 EXT_ACT_ SIGN _SET 0 100 180 180 50 200 Settings of the extended actuator signatu...

Страница 214: ...BOOST_ VALUE 0 0 of MV O S The addition Boost value a control parameter for exhaust 50 to 50 Applicable for Double Acting Type Table 62 AO Block Parameters Relative Index Index Parameter Name Default factory setting Write Description 0 5000 Block Header Block Tag O S Information about this block including the block tag DD revision execution time 1 5001 ST_REV 0 Incremented when a change is made to...

Страница 215: ...lue and its status 10 5010 SIMULATE disable Used to simulate the output from the transducer block allows the user to set the value and status input from the specified channel 11 5011 PV_SCALE 0 100 O S High and low scale values when displaying the PV parameter and the parameters which have the same scaling as PV 12 5012 XD_SCALE 0 100 O S High and low scale values used with the value obtained from...

Страница 216: ...es the time from when the fault state of the RCAS_IN or CAS_IN is detected to when the output should be set to the level preset in FSTATE_VAL this action takes place only if Fault State to value is set as true in I O_OPTS 24 5024 FSTATE_VAL 0 Preset output level for fault state See above 25 5025 BKCAL_OUT Value to be input to BKCAL_IN of the downstream block used by the downstream block to prevent...

Страница 217: ...ameter storing the description of the tag 3 6003 6103 STRATEGY 1 Universal parameter used by an upper level system to classify the function blocks 4 6004 6104 ALERT_KEY 1 Universal parameter used as a key to identify the point from which an alert is issued normally used by an upper level system to select alerts to provide to a particular operator who covers a specific area of the plant 5 6005 6105...

Страница 218: ...DENY parameter component If the corresponding bits are not set to 1 in DENY it proves that the corresponding operation has been put into effective 13 6013 6113 IO_OPTS 0 O S Settings for the I O processing of the block 14 6014 6114 STATUS_ OPTS 0 O S Defines block actions depending on block status conditions 15 6015 6115 CHANNEL 2 or 3 O S Defines the channel number of the hardware channel connect...

Страница 219: ... change is made to the parameter settings for the AO block to indicate the revision level of the settings and used to see whether there is a change in parameter settings 2 14002 TAG_DESC Spaces Universal parameter storing the description of the tag 3 14003 STRATEGY 1 Universal parameter used by an upper level system to classify the function blocks 4 14004 ALERT_KEY 1 Universal parameter used as a ...

Страница 220: ...d by the upstream block to prevent reset windup and perform bumpless transfer to closed loop control 16 14016 IN_ARRAY 0 0 0 0 O S Settings used to convert SP to OUT_1 17 14017 OUT_ARRAY 0 0 0 0 O S Settings used to convert SP to OUT_2 18 14018 LOCKVAL 2 Defines the value of OUT_1 outside the set endpoints of operation characteristic 2 Lock 19 14019 BKCAL_IN_1 Read back value of OUT_1 returned fro...

Страница 221: ...indicate the revision level of the settings and used to see whether there is a change in parameter settings 2 8002 TAG_DESC Spaces Universal parameter storing the description of the tag 3 8003 STRATEGY 1 Universal parameter used by an upper level system to classify the function blocks 4 8004 ALERT_KEY 1 Universal parameter used as a key to identify the point from which an alert is issued normally ...

Страница 222: ...alarm parameters 13 8013 CONTROL_O PTS 0x0000 O S Defines block actions depending on block status conditions 14 8014 STATUS_OP TS 0x0000 O S Defines options for control actions of block 15 8015 IN 0 Controlled value input 16 8016 PV_FTIME 0 Time constant in seconds of the first order lag filter applied to IN 17 8017 BYPASS 1 Man Determines whether to bypass control computation 1 off do not bypass ...

Страница 223: ...ade to MODE BLK target and MODE BLK actual when 1 the value of RCAS_IN status becomes Bad if MODE_BLK actual RCAS or when 2 the value of ROUT_IN status becomes Bad if MODE_BLK actual ROUT 35 8035 RCAS_OUT Remote setpoint sent to a host computer etc 36 8036 ROUT_OUT Remote control output value 37 8037 TRK_SCALE 0 100 Man Upper and lower scale limits used to convert the output tracking value TRK_VAL...

Страница 224: ...m detection and resetting to prevent each alarm from occurring and recovering repeatedly within a short time 48 8048 HI_HI_PRI 0 Priority order of HI_HI_ALM alarm 49 8049 HI_HI_LIM INF Setting for HI_HI_ALM alarm 50 8050 HI_PRI 0 Priority order of HI_ALM alarm 51 8051 HI_LIM INF Setting for HI_ALM alarm 52 8052 LO_LO_PRI 0 Priority order of LO_ALM alarm 53 8053 LO_LO_LIM INF Setting for LO_ALM ala...

Страница 225: ... An alarm that is generated when the value of PV SP has exceeded the DV_HI_LIM value Other features are the same as HI_HI_ALM 65 8065 DV_LO_ALM Alarm that is generated when the value of PV SP has decreased below the DV_LO_LIM value Other features are the same as LO_LO_ALM Table 66 IS Block Parameters Relative Index Index Parameter Name Default factory setting Write Description 0 17000 Block Header...

Страница 226: ...lated to the block itself 7 17007 OUT 0 Man Indicates the output value and its status 8 17008 OUT_RANGE This is the display scaling for the output It has no effect on the block It is used by many blocks 9 17009 GRANT_ DENY 0 Option to control access from the host computer and local control panel to tuning and alarm parameters 10 17010 STATUS_ OPTS 0 x 0000 O S Defines block actions depending on bl...

Страница 227: ...17022 OP_SELECT ED An operator settable parameter to force a given input to be used 0 to 4 23 17023 UPDATE_EV T Read only An alert for any change in the static data This alert can notify interface devices that keep track of changes that one or more changes have occurred The relative parameter index and its associated block index is included in the alert along with the new value of ST_REV 24 17024 ...

Страница 228: ...al parameter used as a key to identify the point from which an alert is issued normally used by an upper level system to select alerts to provide to a particular operator who covers a specific area of the plant 5 17505 MODE_BLK O S Universal parameter that indicates the block operation conditions and is composed of actual mode target mode permitted modes and normal mode 6 17506 BLOCK_ERR Indicates...

Страница 229: ... Numbered input required by this block 19 17519 RANGE_HI 0 Constant value above which the range extension has switched to the high range transmitter 20 17520 RANGE_LO 0 Constant value below which the range extension has switched to the low range transmitter 21 17521 BIAS_IN_1 0 The constant to be added to IN_1 22 17522 GAIN_IN_1 0 The constant to be multiplied times IN_1 bias 23 17523 BIAS_IN_2 0 ...

Страница 230: ...in calculating the block output 33 17533 OUT_HI_LIM 100 Limits the maximum output value OUT_SCALE 10 34 17534 OUT_LO_LIM 0 Limits the minimum output value OUT_SCALE 10 35 17535 UPDATE_EV T Read only An alert for any change in the static data This alert can notify interface devices that keep track of changes that one or more changes have occurred The relative parameter index and its associated bloc...

Страница 231: ...ved 3 SP tracks PV if LO X 4 SP tracks RCas or Cas if LO or Man X 5 Increase to close X 6 Faultstate Type X 7 Faultstate Type X 8 Target to Man X 9 PV for BKCal_Out X 10 Reserved Table 69 STATUS_OPTS Availability of Options for Each Block Bit Contents DI IS SIGSEL AO OS PID PID2 0 IFS if BAD IN X 1 IFS if BAD CAS_IN X X 2 Use Uncertain as Good X X 3 Propagate Fault Forward X 4 Propagate Fault Back...

Страница 232: ...D PID2 0 Bypass Enable X 1 SP PV Track in Man X 2 SP PV Track in ROut X 3 SP PV Track in LO or IMan X 4 SP Track retained target X 5 Direct Acting X 6 Reserved 7 Track Enable X 8 Track in Manual X 9 Use PV for BKCAL_OUT X 10 Act on IR 11 Use BKCAL_OUT with IN_1 12 Obey SP limits if Cas or RCas X 13 No OUT limits in Manual X 14 Reserved 15 Reserved Table 69 STATUS_OPTS Availability of Options for E...

Страница 233: ...ode PT transmission Passes a token governing the right to transmit to a fieldbus device on the same segment PT is short for Pass Token CD transmission Carry out a scheduled transmission to a fieldbus device on the same segment CD is short for Compel Data Time synchronization Periodically transmits the time data to all fieldbus devices on the segment and returns the time data in response to a reque...

Страница 234: ...re are two procedures for an LM to become the LAS If the LM whose value of V ST V TN is the smallest on a segment with the exception of the current LAS judges that there is no LAS on the segment such as when the segment has started up or when the current LAS has failed the LM declares itself as the LAS With this procedure an LM backs up the LAS as shown in Figure 77 The LM whose value of V ST V TN...

Страница 235: ...e power to the FVP for at least 60 seconds 1 Set the node FVP address In general use an address from 0x10 to V FUN 1 Figure 78 Node Address Ranges 2 Set the FVP LAS settings for V ST V MRD and V MID to the same as the respective lowest capability values in all the devices within the segment An example is shown in Figure 79 Figure 79 DlmeBasicInfo YVP Index 361 SM Example In this case set SlotTime ...

Страница 236: ...segment becomes the LAS At all times each LM is checking whether or not a carrier is on the segment 2 Startup of other nodes PN and Node Activation SPDU transmissions Transmits a PN Probe Node message and Node Activation SPDU message to devices which return a new PR Probe Response message 3 PT transmission including final bit monitoring Passes a PT Pass Token message to devices included in the liv...

Страница 237: ...d out from outside the LM in question The version of the schedule is usually monitored but no action takes place even when it changes 7 Live list equalization Transmits SPDU messages to LMs to equalize live lists 8 LAS transfer Transfers the right of being the LAS to another LM 9 Reading writing of NMIB for LM See LM Parameters on page 221 10 Round Trip Delay Reply RR Reply to DLPDU Not yet suppor...

Страница 238: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 222 GE Energy Table 72 LM Parameter Part List ...

Страница 239: ...223 LM Parameter List Link Master Functions ...

Страница 240: ...ed if the value of the same parameter in any other device that has a smaller node address within the same segment is true Table 73 DlmeLinkMasterCapabilitiesVariable Bit Position Meaning Description Value B3 0x04 LAS Schedule in Non volatile Memory Whether the LAS schedule can 1 or cannot 0 be saved to the non volatile memory 1 B2 0x02 Last Values Record Supported Whether to support 1 or not to su...

Страница 241: ... device by means of a PT message sent from the LAS within each token circulation cycle The leading 2 bytes correspond to the device address 0x00 and the final 2 bytes to the device address 0xFF Specify the subindex to access this parameter BootOperatFunctionalClass Writing 1 to this parameter in a device and restarting the device causes the device to start as a basic device On the contrary writing...

Страница 242: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 226 GE Energy Table 75 CurrentLinkSettingRecord and ConfiguredLinkSettingsRecord Table 76 DlmeBasicInfo ...

Страница 243: ...227 Descriptions for LM Parameters Link Master Functions Table 77 PlmeBasicCharacteristics Table 78 ChannelStates Table 79 PlmeBasicInfo ...

Страница 244: ... the active schedule Table 80 LinkScheduleListCharacteristicsRecord DlmeScheduleDescriptor This parameter exists for the same number as the total number of domains and each describes the LAS schedule downloaded to the corresponding domain For the domain to which a schedule has not yet been downloaded the values in this parameter are all zeros Table 81 DlmeScheduleDescriptor Domain Read write impos...

Страница 245: ...VP declare itself as and become the LAS by writing 0x00 false to PrimaryLinkMasterFlagVariable in the current LAS and 0xFF true to PrimaryLinkMasterFlagVariable index 364 in the FVP Q3 On a segment where a FVP works as the LAS another device cannot be connected How come A3 1 Check the following bus parameters that indicate the bus parameter as being the LAS for the FVP and the capabilities of bein...

Страница 246: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 247: ... embedded in a DD file for a field device therefore software supporting them needs to be used on the host computer for fieldbus system configuration Make an inquiry to the software supplier about whether and how the software you use supports DD menus and DD methods This User s Manual describes only the DD menu and DD methods of the FVP110 DD Methods DD methods guide you in setting parameter proced...

Страница 248: ...rocedure 4 AO TB block mode check 5 ACT_FAIL_ACTION setting 6 VALVE_TYPE setting 7 Stop position search and automatic tuning 8 Travel calibration 0 calibration Span calibration 50 calibration 9 Operational parameter setting 10 Auto Tuning Wizard This method guides you through each step to search for the valve s mechanical stop positions and carry out auto tuning of control parameters For details s...

Страница 249: ...1 AO TB block mode check 2 Execution of control parameter tuning AUTO_TUNE_EXEC Travel Calibration This method guides you through each step to carry out travel calibration See the respective descriptions in Carrying out Tuning on page 61 Travel calibration procedure 1 AO Transducer block mode check 2 Execute travel calibration a 0 calibration Adjustment of FINAL_VALUE by moving the valve position ...

Страница 250: ...imit setting FINAL_VALUE_CUTOFF_LO FINAL_VALUE_CUTOFF_HI FINAL_VALUE_RANGE b Limit Switch setting LIM_SW_LO_LIM LIM_SW_HI_LIM c Fault Control DEVIATION_LIM DEVIATION_TIME_TH 1 DEVIATION_TIME_TH 2 d Others NEAR_CLOSE_THRESHOLD e Exit Release Fail Safe This is a method for releasing the device latched by the fail safe actions restoring it to the normal state Procedure of releasing fail safe 1 Check ...

Страница 251: ... in the same fashion as in auto tuning and makes no changes to parameter settings Self Check Execution procedure 1 AO TB block mode check 2 Self check execution AUTO_TUNE_EXEC Signature Execution This method guides you through each step to perform signature measurement see Diagnostics on page 169 Signature measurement entails off line diagnostics functions to measure characteristics of the valve a...

Страница 252: ...electing the database you want to upload to adjusting the data pointer to the leading position of the desired data and uploading it Signature data uploading procedure 1 Select action from menu 2 Upload data Uploading data from SIGN_DATA_X and SIGN_DATA_Y 3 Select upload database meaning select the database to be uploaded 4 Change data pointer 5 Exit Upload Signature Header Data This method guides ...

Страница 253: ... SIM_ENABLE_MSG in the resource block Turn on the SIM ENABLE hardware switch on the YPV110 s amplifier assembly see Simulation Function on page 113 Simulation enabling procedure 1 Check that the simulation switch is ON active 2 Check the AO block mode 3 Change the value of SIMULATE status to Enable 4 Set the simulated input value in SIMULATE value Simulation Disable This is a method for disabling ...

Страница 254: ..._2 values of IN_ARRAY and OUT_ARRAY by setting the coordinates of four endpoints P1 as the start point of OUT_1 P2 as the end point of OUT_1 P3 as the start point of OUT_2 and P4 as the end point of OUT_2 See Output Processing on page 146 X Y scaling procedure 1 Set coordinates of P1 through P4 P1 IN_ARRAY OUT_ARRAY P2 IN_ARRAY OUT_ARRAY P3 IN_ARRAY OUT_ARRAY P4 IN_ARRAY OUT_ARRAY 2 Set LOCK_VAL ...

Страница 255: ...tion enables you to download software to field devices via a FOUNDATION Fieldbus Typical uses are to add new features such as function blocks and diagnostics to existing devices and to optimize existing plant field devices Figure 82 Concept of Software Downloading ...

Страница 256: ...loaded software take effect and this halts fieldbus communication and function block executions for about one minute Preparations for Software Downloading For software downloading you need to prepare the following Software download tool Software for downloading file for each of the target field devices For the software download tool use only a program developed for that purpose For details see the...

Страница 257: ...nd transducer block calibration parameters that are retained in the nonvolatile memory inside the target device but may reset other parameters to the defaults except a minor update that does not change the number of parameters Hence where necessary save the parameters using an engineering tool parameter setting utility or the like before carrying out a software download and then reconfigure the fi...

Страница 258: ...ave the following filenames filename extension of ffd Take care to choose the correct download file for the target field device 445644 device family _ device type _ domain name _ software name _ software revision ffd For example the name of the download file for an FVP may have the following name 445644C_0007_FVP_ORIGINAL_R101 ffd Refer to Comments on System Network Management VFD Parameters Relat...

Страница 259: ...nsducer block calibration parameters that are retained in the nonvolatile memory inside the target device remain unchanged after a software download However after a software update which causes an addition to the block parameters or blocks or to the system network management VFD parameters some parameters may be reset to the defaults requiring parameter setup and engineering again For details see ...

Страница 260: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 244 GE Energy Troubleshooting For information on the download tool s error messages see the software s User s Manual Table 83 Problems After Software Update ...

Страница 261: ...245 Resource Block s Parameters Software Download Resource Block s Parameters Relating to Software Download Table 84 Resource Block s Parameters Relating to Software Download ...

Страница 262: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 246 GE Energy Table 85 Download Error Codes ...

Страница 263: ...247 Software Download System Software Download Software Download System Network Management VFD Parameters Write Mode R W read write R read only Table 86 System Network Management VFD Parameters ...

Страница 264: ...oftware Download CAUTION Do not turn off the power to a field device immediately after changing parameter settings Data writing actions to the EEPROM are dual redundant to ensure reliability If the power is turned off within 60 seconds after setup the parameters may revert to the previous settings Table 87 DWNLD_PROPERTY ...

Страница 265: ...249 Comments on System Network Software Download Table 88 DOMAIN_DESCRIPTOR ...

Страница 266: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 250 GE Energy Table 89 DOMAIN_HEADER ...

Страница 267: ...de make sure that doing so neither causes an injury nor affect the process 2 Supply air to the valve actuator This causes the valve stem to move be extremely careful about safety Adjust the pressure regulator to set the stroke of the stem to 50 Do not supply air at a pressure exceeding the maximum rated air supply pressure of the actuator or the FVP110 400 kPa Doing so can result in a high risk of...

Страница 268: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 252 GE Energy Figure 84 Checking Position at Which Clamp Should Be Fixed ...

Страница 269: ...uideline General The FVP110 can improve controllability by properly performing the manual tuning of control parameters for each valve and actuator Figure 85 shows the whole tuning procedure Figure 85 Manual Tuning Flowchart ...

Страница 270: ...st the parameters according to the procedure described in Control Parameter Tuning Procedure on page 254 For detail about the control parameters see Description of Control Parameters on page 259 Control Parameter Tuning Procedure Fast Response Figure 86 Fast Response Modifying overshoot Increase the value for SERVO_RATE to reduce an excessively rapid response Verify the 10 step response and increm...

Страница 271: ...ut a value in a small step of 5 or less and response is slow increment the value for SERVO_GAIN by 30 If necessary increment or decrement the value for BOOST_VALUE 1 2 and X_BOOST_VALUE 1 2 by 1 respectively Checking Hunting Operation Input a value in a large step of approx 80 to ensure the hunting operation does not occur If the hunting operation does occur decrease the value for SERVO_GAIN to 2 ...

Страница 272: ...SHOLD 1 2 First try to input a negative value of half that of BOOST_VALUE 1 2 and if necessary increment or decrement the value by 1 Improving the Response Time If you input a value in a small step of 5 or less and the response is slow increment or decrement the value for BOOST_VALUE 1 2 and X_BOOST_VALUE 1 2 by 1 respectively If necessary increment the value for SERVO_GAIN by 30 Checking Hunting ...

Страница 273: ...without changing the value of 0 in X_BST_ON_THRESHOLD 1 2 and X_BST_OFF_THRESHOLD 1 2 First try to input a negative value of half that of BOOST_VALUE 1 2 and if necessary increment or decrement the value by 1 Improving the Stabilization Time and Slow Overshoot Decrease the value for SERVO_RESET to improve the capability of tracking the target value However if the value is too small the hunting ope...

Страница 274: ... pressure 400 kPa hysteresis 380N 3 Valtek50sq in double acting actuator stroke 2 5 in capacity approx 2000 cc supply pressure 400 kPa hysteresis 300N 4 Valtek50sq in double acting actuator stroke 2 5 in capacity approx 2000 cc supply pressure 400 kPa hysteresis 1200N Table 90 Examples of Tuning Control Parameters The above adjusted values are only for reference Adjust parameters depending on the ...

Страница 275: ...the loop gain of PI D control The proportional gain of PI D control increases in proportion to SERVO_GAIN INTERNAL_GAIN If you increase the value for SERVO_GAIN tracking capability tends to increase whereas control stability tends to decrease SERVO_RESET Tuning range 0 2 to 50 sec Default 15 sec Set the integral time of PI D control The pace of change in integral volume quickens in reverse proport...

Страница 276: ...uring step response decreases If 0 is set this function is invalid SERVO_RATE_GAIN Tuning range 2 to 20 Default 5 Set the gain in the derivative term of PI D control As with SERVO_RATE this parameter relates to the derivative term of control and the preventive effect increases in proportion to an increase in the gain in the derivative term SERVO_DEADBAND Tuning range 0 to 50 Default 0 Setting this...

Страница 277: ...ing range 0 to 50 of MV Default 8 10 of MV Set the boost function that serves as a function for accelerating air delivery and exhaust Tracking capability for response after an input change increases When the set point is changed if the difference between the old set point and the new set point is greater than the BOOST_ON_THRESHOLD the BOOST_VALUE is added to the current output to the I P module a...

Страница 278: ...OUT1 to be asymmetric from the air delivery side set these parameters If you set values for these parameters input differences for change in relation to the values of BOOST_ON_THRESHOLD BOOST_OFF_THRESHOLD and BOOST_VALUE For example if you want to stop the boost function only on the exhaust side input a negative value of the absolute value of BOOST_VALUE 1 in X_BOOST_VALUE 1 and input the value i...

Страница 279: ...response speed for a large step is insufficient A usual operation in the proportional term covers the deviation only however unless 0 is set for this parameter a value calculated based on the following equation is added in addition to the deviation If 0 is set this function is invalid Value added to the proportional term deviation deviation SERVO_P_ALPHA You can obtain a quadratic curve in which t...

Страница 280: ... to 50 rad mA Default 5 rad mA INTERNAL_GAIN is the total gain of the I P module the control relay the valve the actuator and the feedback lever INTERNAL_GAIN is part of the loop gain of PI D control This value is usually determined by Auto Tuning so you do not need to change the value ...

Страница 281: ...d in hazardous locations where explosive or inflammable gases or vapors may be present Certified apparatus includes a certification label and an equipment nameplate with the specifications necessary for explosion requirements as well as precautions on explosion protection Confirm these precautionary items and use them to meet specification requirements For electrical wiring and maintenance servici...

Страница 282: ...ogy The permissible sizes of gaps between joint surfaces the path length of a joint surface and the number of joint threads are deter mined by such factors as the enclosure s internal volume joint and mating surface construction and the explosion classification of the specified gases and vapors Enclosure An outer shell of an electrical apparatus which encloses live parts and thus is needed to conf...

Страница 283: ...owever some field mounted instruments may be certified at an ambient temperature up to 60 C as indi cated on the instrument nameplates If the flameproof appara tus are exposed to direct sunshine or radiant heat from plant facilities appropriate thermal protection measures shall be taken External Wiring for Flameproof Apparatus Flameproof apparatus require cable wiring or flameproof metal conduits ...

Страница 284: ...l Conduit Wiring For the flameproof metal conduit wiring or insulated wires shall be used as recommended by the USER S GUIDELINES for Electrical Installations for Explosive Gas Atmospheres in General Industry published in 1994 For conduit pipes heavy gauge steel conduits conforming to JIS C 8305 Standard shall be used Flameproof sealing fittings shall be used in the vicinity of the wiring connecti...

Страница 285: ...e a gas detector to check that there is no explosive gas in that location If it cannot be checked whether an explosive gas is present or not mainte nance servicing shall be limited to the following two items Visual inspection Visually inspect the flameproof apparatus metal conduits and cables for damage or corrosion and other mechanical and structural defects Zero and span adjustments These adjust...

Страница 286: ...iring connections which are essential in flameproofness contact GE Masoneilan Do not attempt to re process threaded connections or refinish joints or mating surfaces Unless otherwise specified the electrical circuitry and internal mechanisms may be repaired by component replacement as this will not directly affect the requirements for flame proof apparatus however bear in mind that the apparatus m...

Страница 287: ...y devices for flameproof type shall be used to meet this demand References 1 Type Certificate Guide for Explosion Protected Construction Electrical Machinery and Equipment relating to Technical Standards Conforming to International Standards issued by the Technical Institution of Industrial Safety Japan 2 USER S GUIDELINES for Electrical Installations for Explosive Gas Atmospheres in General Indus...

Страница 288: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 289: ...273 H Customer Maintenance Parts List ...

Страница 290: ...FVP 110 Fieldbus Valve Positioner Manual 274 GE Energy ...

Страница 291: ......

Страница 292: ... 7624 SINGAPORE Phone 65 6861 6100 Fax 65 6861 7172 SOUTH AFRICA Phone 27 11 452 1550 Fax 27 11 452 6542 SOUTH CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Phone 55 12 2134 1201 Fax 55 12 2134 1238 SPAIN Phone 34 93 652 6430 Fax 34 93 652 6444 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Phone 971 4 8991 777 Fax 971 4 8991 778 UNITED KINGDOM Wooburn Green Phone 44 1628 536300 Fax 44 1628 536319 UNITED STATES Massachusetts Phone 1 5...

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