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One method of accomplishing this second measure is to inert the tank with an inert gas such as
nitrogen (N2). This is known as inerting, shown below.
Some
fuel
vapor
When you inert a tank with Nitrogen, it removes most of the oxygen from the tank headspace.
Some of the fuel vapors are removed as well. As you can see in Figure 3, the removal of oxygen
decreases the likelihood of explosion by removing that side of the Explosion Triangle. While
the explosion hazard has been reduced, another hazard is introduced: the risk of asphyxiation
due to the depletion of oxygen. Moreover, if oxygen accidentally gets re-introduced to the tank,
the risk of explosion may return. If the nitrogen flow is stopped, for any reason, the fuel vapor
concentration can rise due to evaporating fuel.
There is another method for decreasing the risk of explosion. This is to purge the tank with
ambient air. This process is referred to as “degassing” or “gas-freeing.” This is shown bel
No air flow = vapor buildup
Air
+
fuel
vapor
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