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Summary
The P controller has the following characteristics:
It cannot correct faults with the control process > lasting loop error.
It reacts immediately to a change in the process value.
It is stable.
I Controller
An integral-action controller (I controller) changes the manipulated variable M proportional to the loop
error and to the time. The I controller works by delayed action. It completely remedies a loop error.
In order to calculate the value of the manipulated variable at a period of time n, the time up until this
period of time must be divided into small time slices. The loop errors at the end of each time slice must
be added up (integrated) and they are then entered in the calculation.
: Manipulated variable of the I controller at the time n
: Manipulated variable of the I controller at the time n-1; also called integral sum
: Gain of the I controller
: Sampling time, duration of a time slice
: Integral time: by means of this time, the influence of the integral part is controlled on the
manipulated variable, also known as integral-action time
: Loop error at the time n
: Loop error at the time n-1; etc.
: Loop error at the beginning of the calculations
The following picture shows a jump in process value and step response of the controller:
Summary of Contents for ELC-12AC-R-N
Page 1: ...Applied to ELC PR series Ver 3 0 Programmable Relay User s Manual Rievtech Electronic Co Ltd...
Page 27: ...27 PR 14 and PR 18 series 1 PR 18 CPU 2 PR E extension PR 24 series...
Page 31: ...31 AC type digital inputs Analog Inputs DC 0 10V Analog inputs current Inputs 0 20mA...
Page 40: ...40...
Page 120: ...120 C Analog input value of CPU and extensions D Analog output value of CPU and extensions...
Page 121: ...121 E F digital flag status F AF analog flag value...
Page 122: ...122 G M status H AM value...
Page 221: ...221 7 Click Install button to install Program is being installed...
Page 250: ...250...
Page 256: ...256 You can read the parameters from the PLC...
Page 258: ...258...
Page 267: ...267 TCP Sever 192 168 0 227 port 8004 is ok TCP Sever 192 168 0 227 port 8005 is ok...
Page 268: ...268 TCP Sever 192 168 0 227 port 8006 is ok TCP Sever 192 168 0 227 port 8007 is ok...
Page 269: ...269 TCP Sever 192 168 0 227 port 8008 is ok TCP Sever 192 168 0 227 port 8009 is ok...
Page 290: ...290 Slave1 IP 192 168 0 101 TCP server port 8001 Slave2 IP 192 168 0 102 TCP server port 8002...
Page 317: ...317 Network settings You can view the network parameters in such table...
Page 331: ...331 B005 Read the I1 IA status from the slave1 to the F11 F20 of the master Setting as follows...
Page 332: ...332 B006 Read the I1 IA status from the slave2 to the F21 F30 of the master Setting as follows...
Page 346: ...346 7 4 2 The scheme of xLogic The circuit diagram of industry gate...
Page 353: ...353 7 6 2 The scheme of xLogic Components K1 main contactor...
Page 357: ...357 4 cursors Cursor key Type 1x MODBUS code 02 C1 C4 256 259 BIT R...
Page 392: ...392...