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Coordinate Systems
Surfaces
E L L I P S O I D S U R FA
C E
Zone limits for practical usage of projection surface
balancing both positive and negative distortions
Grid distance
distortion
less than
geodesic
distance
Local design surface at
average height
Grid distance
distortion
greater than
geodesic
distance
Geo distance
Geo distance
Ground
distance
at average
height
Ground surface
Secant projection
surface typical of
State Plane and UTM
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
Summary of Contents for TRIUMPH-LS
Page 1: ...U S E R S G U I D E TO T H E T R I U M P H L S E Version 20160121 ...
Page 17: ...www javad com 17 Introduction ...
Page 39: ...www javad com 39 Collect Screens ...
Page 59: ...www javad com 59 Stake Out Points ...
Page 91: ...www javad com 91 Stake Out Alignments ...
Page 93: ...www javad com 93 Using ShapeTags and Codes Data Structure ...
Page 105: ...www javad com 105 Using ShapeTags and Codes ...
Page 149: ...www javad com 149 Localization ...