The decisive factors for the type of operation are the
collective loads with different cubic averages
k .
The collective load indicates to what degree a driving
mechanism, or a part of one, is subjected to its maximum
stress or only to smaller stresses. The cubic average
(factor of the load spectrum) is calculated using the
following formula.
The FEM* 9.511 rule differentiates between four collec-
tive loads, which are identified by the definitions and
by the ranges of the cubic averages
k
. This classification
complies with ISO 4301/1.
*FEM = Federation Europeene de la Manutention (European
Federation of Materials Handling and Storage Equipment)
The formula given for the cubic average
k
does not
take the weight of the harness into account. This is
permissible if the ratio
To determine the type of operation for calculating the
partial operating times (actual operating time), the
following collective load diagrams can also be used.
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Collective load 1
Collective load 2
Load proportions
t
2
t
1
t
Δ
t
3
0.4
0.1
0.733
0.467
0.2
0 10
50
100
0
16.7 33.3
50
100
t
2
t
1
t
Δ
1
Collective load 3
Collective load 4
Load proportions
t
1
t
Δ
0.4
0.8
0
50
100
0
90 100
t
1
t
Δ
1
Collective load
Definition
Cubic
Collective load factor
average
1
L1
Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are only subject
k
≤
0.50
(low)
to the maximum stress in exceptional circumstances, and
are only subject to very lowstresses continuously.
2
L2
Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are subject to
0.50 <
k
(average)
the maximum stress often, and are only subject to low
≤
0.63
stresses continuously.
3
L3
Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are often
0.63 <
k
(high)
subject to the maximum stress and are subject to average
≤
0.80
stresses continuously.
4
L4
Driving mechanisms or parts thereof, which are regularly
0.80 <
k
(very
subject to the maximum stress of adjacent stresses.
≤
1.00
high)
k
m
=
k
3
= 0.125
k
m
=
k
3
= 1
k
m
=
k
3
= 0.25
k
m
=
k
3
= 0.5
Weight of harness
Load-bearing capacity
≤
0.05
Maximum or ultimate load
Load-bearing capacity
Definitions:
=
Dead load
Load-bearing capacity
=
Operating time with maximum
load or partial load and dead load
Total operating time
=
Operating time with dead load
Total operating time
=
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