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Triggering Examples

As you begin to understand a problem in your system, you may realize
that certain conditions must occur before the problem occurs. You
can use sequential triggering to ensure that those conditions have
occurred before the analyzer recognizes its trigger and captures
information.

If you are not familiar with the trigger menus, read through the
previous chapter, "Using the Trigger Menu," and try working through
the examples in the Logic Analyzer Training Kit manual.

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Summary of Contents for 1660CS

Page 1: ...ble You will find any other available product information on the Agilent Test Measurement website www tm agilent com HP References in this Manual This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett Packard Please note that Hewlett Packard s former test and measurement semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies We have made no changes to this manual...

Page 2: ...660 97017 First Edition November 1995 For Safety Information Warranties and Regulatory Information see the pages at the end of this manual Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1991 1995 All Rights Reserved HP 1660CS Series Logic Analyzers ...

Page 3: ...rd disk drive HP IB RS 232 C and Centronics interfaces Variable setup hold time 4 K memory on all channels with 8 K in half channel mode Marker measurements 12 levels of trigger sequencing for state and 10 levels of trigger sequencing for timing 100 MHz time tagging and number of states tagging Full programmability DIN mouse and keyboard support Oscilloscope Features 8000 samples per channel Autom...

Page 4: ...contains detailed examples to help you use your analyzer in performing complex measurements The third part chapters 7 through 9 contains reference information on the hardware and software including the analyzer menus and how they are used There are sections for each analyzer menu and a separate chapter on System Performance Analysis The fourth part chapters 10 through 12 provides a basic service g...

Page 5: ...Introduction iv ...

Page 6: ...printer 2 8 To connect to a controller 2 9 3 Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus 3 3 To access the System menus 3 4 To access the Analyzer menus 3 6 To access the Scope menus 3 8 Using the Analyzer Menus 3 10 To label channel groups 3 10 To create a symbol 3 12 To examine an analyzer waveform 3 14 To examine an analyzer listing 3 16 To compare two listings 3 18 The Inverse Assembler 3 20 ...

Page 7: ...zers 4 10 To set up time correlation between two state analyzers 4 11 To set up time correlation between a timing and a state analyzer 4 11 Arming and Additional Instruments 4 12 To arm another instrument 4 12 To arm the oscilloscope with the analyzer 4 13 To receive an arm signal from another instrument 4 15 Managing Memory 4 16 To selectively store branch conditions State only 4 17 To place the ...

Page 8: ... select line is strobed after the address is stable 5 16 To trigger when expected data does not appear when requested 5 17 To test minimum and maximum pulse limits 5 18 To detect a handshake violation 5 20 To detect bus contention 5 21 Cross Arming Trigger Examples 5 22 To examine software execution when a timing violation occurs 5 23 To look at control and status signals during execution of a rou...

Page 9: ...ation Capabilities 7 3 Probing 7 5 General purpose probing system description 7 8 Oscilloscope probes 7 11 Assembling the probing system 7 12 Keyboard Shortcuts 7 16 Moving the cursor 7 16 Entering data into a menu 7 17 Using the keyboard overlays 7 17 Common Menu Fields 7 18 Print field 7 19 Run Stop field 7 20 Roll fields 7 21 Disk Drive Operations 7 22 Disk operations 7 22 Autoload 7 24 Format ...

Page 10: ...hold field 7 32 State acquisition modes state only 7 32 Timing acquisition modes timing only 7 33 Clock Inputs display 7 34 Pod clock field State only 7 34 Master and Slave Clock fields State only 7 37 Symbols field 7 40 Label fields 7 41 Label polarity fields 7 42 The Analyzer Trigger Menu 7 43 Trigger sequence levels 7 43 Modify trigger field 7 43 Timing trigger macro library 7 44 State trigger ...

Page 11: ...3 Time correlated displays 7 64 Markers 7 64 The Analyzer Chart Menu 7 65 Min and Max scaling fields 7 66 Markers Range field 7 66 The Analyzer Compare Menu 7 67 Reference Listing field 7 68 Difference Listing field 7 68 Copy Listing to Reference field 7 69 Find Error field 7 69 Compare Full Compare Partial field 7 69 Mask field 7 70 Bit Editing field 7 70 Oscilloscope Common Menus 7 71 Run Stop o...

Page 12: ... Arm menu 7 79 Level field 7 81 Source field 7 82 Slope field 7 83 Count field 7 83 Auto Trig field 7 84 When field 7 85 Count field 7 87 The Scope Marker Menu 7 88 Manual time markers options 7 88 Automatic time markers options 7 90 Manual Automatic Time Markers option 7 94 Voltage Markers options 7 94 Channel Label field 7 96 The Scope Auto Measure Menu 7 97 Input field 7 97 Automatic measuremen...

Page 13: ... 9 4 File types 9 5 Transitional Mode Theory 9 7 125 MHz transitional mode 9 7 250 MHz transitional mode 9 8 Other transitional timing considerations 9 11 The Trigger Sequence 9 12 Trigger sequence specification 9 13 Analyzer resources 9 15 Timing analyzer 9 18 State analyzer 9 18 Configuration Translation Between HP Logic Analyzers 9 19 The Analyzer Hardware 9 21 HP 1660CS series analyzer theory ...

Page 14: ...ler will not load or run 10 9 Error Messages 10 10 Inverse Assembler Not Found 10 10 No Configuration File Loaded 10 10 Selected File is Incompatible 10 10 Slow or Missing Clock 10 11 Waiting for Trigger 10 11 Must have at least 1 edge specified 10 12 Time correlation of data is not possible 10 12 Maximum of 32 channels per label 10 12 Timer is off in sequence level n where it is used 10 13 Timer ...

Page 15: ...tor s Service Preparing For Use 12 3 To inspect the logic analyzer 12 4 To apply power 12 4 To set the line voltage 12 5 To degauss the display 12 6 To clean the logic analyzer 12 6 To test the logic analyzer 12 6 Calibrating the oscilloscope 12 7 Set up the equipment 12 7 Load the default calibration factors 12 8 Self Cal menu calibrations 12 9 Troubleshooting 12 11 To use the flowcharts 12 12 To...

Page 16: ...1 Logic Analyzer Overview ...

Page 17: ...ion is the same as the Select key Shift Key The shift key which is blue provides lowercase letters and access to the functions in blue on some of the keys You do not need to hold the shift key down while pressing the other key just press the shift key first and then the function key Knob The knob can be used in some fields to change values These fields are indicated by a side view of the knob plac...

Page 18: ...er The HP IB connector is a standard HP IB connector for connecting an HP IB printer or controller The Parallel Printer connector is a standard Centronics connector for connecting a parallel printer Oscilloscope Calibration Ports Provides signals for operational accuracy calibration for the oscilloscope and the oscilloscope probe together to optimize performance LAN Connectors with LAN option only...

Page 19: ... Chapter 7 for more detail on grounding and constructing probes Set type When the logic analyzer is turned on Analyzer 1 is named Machine 1 and is configured as a timing analyzer and Analyzer 2 is off To use state analysis or software profiling you must set the type of the analyzer in the Analyzer Configuration menu You can only use one timing analyzer at a time Assign pods In the Analyzer Configu...

Page 20: ...tly the data gathered by the logic analyzer might indicate an error where none exists See Also The Format Menu in Chapter 7 for more information on modes and clocks Group bits under labels The Analyzer Format menu indicates active pod bits You can create groups of bits across pods or subgroups within pods and name the groups or subgroups using labels If you load a configuration file this step is n...

Page 21: ...en the logic analyzer starts and stops storing data and filters which data it will store For common tasks you can use a trigger macro to simplify the process or use the user defined macros to loop and jump in sequence You can also set the oscilloscope to trigger on a complex pattern See Also Chapter 4 Using the Trigger Menu and Chapter 5 Triggering Examples for more information on setting up a tri...

Page 22: ...e Troubleshooting When you start a run your analyzer menu changes to one of the display menus or a status message pops up If nothing happens press the Stop key or select Cancel If the analyzer still does not display any measurements see Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Gather data You can gather statistics automatically by going to a Waveform or Listing menu turning on markers and setting patterns for t...

Page 23: ...ng and oscilloscope waveforms To correlate oscilloscope data the oscilloscope arm mode must be set to Immediate The System Performance Analysis SPA Software does not save a record of actual activity so it cannot be correlated with either timing or state mode Make measurements The markers can count occurrences of events measure durations and collect statistics and SPA provides high level summaries ...

Page 24: ...2 Connecting Peripherals ...

Page 25: ... connector The DIN connector is the type commonly used by personal computer accessories Printers The logic analyzer communicates directly with HP PCL printers supporting the printer control language or with other printers supporting the Epson standard command set Many non Epson printers have an Epson emulation mode HP PCL printers include the following HP ThinkJet HP LaserJet HP PaintJet HP DeskJe...

Page 26: ... fields If the logic analyzer was displaying the System External I O menu when you plugged in the mouse the menu won t update until you exit and then return to it The mouse pointer looks like a plus sign To select a field move the pointer over it and press the left button To duplicate the front panel knob hold down the right button while moving the mouse Moving the mouse up or to the right duplica...

Page 27: ... was displaying the System External I O menu while you plugged the keyboard in the menu won t update until you exit and then return to it The keyboard cursor is the location on the screen highlighted in inverse video To move the cursor use the arrow keys Pressing Enter selects the highlighted field The primary keyboard keys act like the analyzer s front panel data entry keys See Also Keyboard Shor...

Page 28: ...le from the printer to the HP IB connector on the analyzer rear panel 2 Turn on the analyzer and printer 3 Make sure the printer is set to Listen Always or Listen Only For example the figure below shows the HP IB configuration switches for an HP IB ThinkJet printer For the Listen Always mode move the second switch from the left to the 1 position Since the instrument doesn t respond to SRQ EN Servi...

Page 29: ...sing If you are using an Epson graphics printer or an Epson compatible printer select Alternate d If the default print width and page length are not what you want select the fields to toggle them If you select 132 characters per line when using a printer other than QuietJet the listings are printed in a compressed mode QuietJet printers can print 132 characters per line without going to compressed...

Page 30: ...r settings a If the analyzer is not already set to RS 232 C select the field under Connected To in the Printer box and choose RS 232C from the menu b Select the Printer Settings field c In the top field of the pop up select the type of printer you are using If you are using an Epson graphics printer or an Epson compatible printer select Alternate d If the default print width and page length are no...

Page 31: ...er Connected To in the Printer box and choose Parallel from the menu b Select the Printer Settings field c In the top field of the pop up select the type of printer you are using If you are using an Epson graphics printer or an Epson compatible printer select Alternate d If the default print width and page length are not what you want select the fields to toggle them If you select 132 characters p...

Page 32: ...not have a null modem cable you can purchase an adapter at any electronics supply store 2 Turn on the logic analyzer and then the controller 3 In the System External I O menu select the field under Connected To in the Controller box and set it appropriately The figure below is for HP IB 4 Select the appropriate Settings field and configure the values in the pop up menu to be compatible with the co...

Page 33: ...2 10 ...

Page 34: ...3 Using the Logic Analyzer ...

Page 35: ...he Logic Analyzer This chapter shows you how to perform the basic tasks necessary to make a measurement Each section uses an example to show how the task fits into the overall goal of making a measurement 3 2 ...

Page 36: ...ode field accesses menus within the mode and so is called the menu field Menus are referred to by the titles that appear in the mode and menu fields for example the Analyzer Configuration menu The figure below shows the top of the first screen The mode field item 1 displays Analyzer The menu field item 2 displays Configuration Because menus are identified by the titles in these two fields this men...

Page 37: ...mode field then press the Select key Or if you are using the mouse click on the field This operation is referred to as select A pop up menu appears with the choices System Analyzer and Scope If you have installed any optional software there may be other choices as well 2 Select System 3 Select the menu field The pop up lists five menus Hard Disk Flexible Disk External I O Utilities and Test Using ...

Page 38: ...play Test displays the installed software version number and loads the self tests See Also For more information on operations available in the Disk menus File Management chapter and Disk Drive Operations in Chapter 7 For more information on the External I O Connecting Peripherals chapter and The RS 232 C HP IB and Centronics Interfaces in Chapter 7 For more information on the system utilities Syst...

Page 39: ...yzer set to SPA Configuration is always available in Analyzer mode Use Configuration to assign pods and set the analyzer type Format is available whenever an analyzer is set to a type other than Off Use Format to create data labels and symbols adjust the pod threshold level and set modes and clocks Trigger is available when an analyzer is set to State or Timing Use Trigger to specify a trigger seq...

Page 40: ...an analyzer is set to State Use Chart to view your measurement as a graph of states versus time SPA is available only when an analyzer is set to SPA Use SPA to gather and view overall statistics about your system performance See Also Chapter 7 Reference for details on the State and Timing menus and Chapter 8 System Performance Analysis SPA Software for information on the SPA menu Using the Analyze...

Page 41: ...cope Calibration Scope Channel lets you select the channel input It lets you set values that control the vertical sensitivity offset probe attenuation factor input impedance and coupling of the input channel currently shown in the Input field The Channel menu also gives you preset vertical sensitivity offset and trigger level values for ECL and TTL logic levels Scope Display controls how the oscil...

Page 42: ...ther manually voltage and time markers or automatically time markers only Scope Auto Measure provides nine automatic measurements to fit the acquired waveform to the display These measurements are Period Risetime Falltime Frequency Width Width Vp_p Preshoot and Overshoot Scope Calibration allows you to calibrate the oscilloscope or the oscilloscope probe system See Also Chapter 12 Operator s Servi...

Page 43: ...of interest Labels can only be assigned in the Analyzer Format menu Once assigned the labels are available in all display menus where they can be added to or deleted from the display Use labels when you want to group data channels by function with a name that has meaning to that function The default label names are Lab1 through Lab126 However you can modify a name to any six character string If yo...

Page 44: ...s selected a dot indicates the channel is not part of the current group 5 Toggle the channel s group status by pressing Select The indicator changes and the selector moves to the next channel In this example the channels 3 1 and 0 Pod A1 are assigned to label CYCLE and the channels 6 and 3 Pod A2 are assigned to the label Lab2 Using the Logic Analyzer To label channel groups 3 11 ...

Page 45: ...ck that you have at least one label turned on with channels assigned to it 2 In the Symbol menu select the Label field In the pop up menu select the label that contains the channel groups you want When you open the symbol table menu the Label field displays the name of the first active label If the label you want does not appear in the pop up menu the label is probably off Return to the Format men...

Page 46: ...priate value in the selected base Use X for don t care 8 When the pattern is specified press Done If you created additional Symbols repeat steps 6 and 7 until all symbols are specified 9 To close the symbol table menu select Done Symbol table menu showing three symbols You can also download symbol tables created by your programming environment using HP E2450A Symbol Utility The Symbol Utility is s...

Page 47: ...ntrol that field instead 4 To adjust the display relative to the trigger select the Delay field and enter a value or use the knob The portion of memory being displayed is indicated by a white bar along the bottom of the display area The position of the trigger in memory is indicated by a white dot on the same line When the bar includes the dot then the trigger is visible on the display as indicate...

Page 48: ...kers to locate patterns quickly See Also Count Field and Markers Field in Chapter 7 Example The following example shows a state waveform from the Hewlett Packard preprocessor interface for the Motorola 68360 Notice how the bus waveforms insert symbols or state data roll indicator trigger indicator memory displayed indicator Using the Logic Analyzer To examine an analyzer waveform 3 15 ...

Page 49: ...r Format menu appear in the listing If there are more labels than will fit on the screen the Label Base field is shaded like a normal field 3 To scroll the labels select the Label Base field and use the knob If the Label Base field is selectable the roll indicator appears over the field as in the example To move the labels one full screen at a time press Shift and a Page key 4 To scroll the data u...

Page 50: ...nabled Use markers to locate states quickly See Also Count Field and Markers Field in Chapter 7 Example The following illustration shows a listing from the Hewlett Packard preprocessor interface for the Motorola 68360 The ADDR label has the base set to Hex to conserve space on the display The DATA label has the base set to Invasm for inverse assembly The FC label has the base set to Symbol Additio...

Page 51: ...un lack the Run field onscreen In Analyzer mode with Run available the menu changes to a display menu 2 Go to the Analyzer Compare menu select Copy Listing to Reference and then select Execute The Compare menu initially is empty but when you select Execute the data appears 3 Set up the other test that you want to compare to the first This can be a change to the hardware or a different system Do no...

Page 52: ...m the compare file that is different from the data in the reference file 5 Select the Find Error field and use the knob to scroll through the errors The display jumps past all states that are identical and shows the number of errors through the current state in the Find Error field In the above illustration there are 37 errors through state 44 of the listing Using the Logic Analyzer To compare two...

Page 53: ...t these five pieces of information Address bus The inverse assembler expects to see the label ADDR with bits ordered in a particular sequence Data bus The inverse assembler expects to see the label DATA with bits ordered in a particular sequence Status The inverse assembler expects to see the label STAT with bits ordered in a particular sequence Start state for disassembly This is the first displa...

Page 54: ...This continues for all subsequent states in the trace list If you roll the trace list to a new position and press Invasm again the inverse assembler repeats the above process However it does not work backward in the trace list from the starting position This may cause differences in the trace list above and below the point where you synchronized inverse assembly The best way to ensure correct inve...

Page 55: ...3 22 ...

Page 56: ...4 Using the Trigger Menu ...

Page 57: ...o find fields in the trigger menu This chapter explains how to use those fields This chapter shows you how to Specify a basic trigger Change a trigger sequence Set up time correlation between analyzers Arm from another instrument or arm another instrument Manage memory Much of the information here is also covered in the Logic Analyzer Training Kit but this chapter presents the information in a mor...

Page 58: ...rn to look for instead of the general case Customizing a trigger generally requires these steps Assign terms to both analyzers Define the terms Change the trigger to use the new terms The oscilloscope can be used in complex triggering sequences managed by the logic analyzer but its inherent trigger mechanism is much simpler Using the oscilloscope in conjunction with one or both of the analyzers is...

Page 59: ...he name you changed it to will appear in the menu instead of Machine 1 2 Select a term The terms are the fields below the roll field Terms See the figure below 3 Select Assign from the list that appears The Resource Term Assignment menu appears It is divided into two sections one for each analyzer All the terms are listed 4 To change a term assignment select the term field The term fields toggle f...

Page 60: ...ls you want to monitor are not attached to a label they will not appear in the trigger menu 2 Enter the value or pattern you want to trigger on If the label s base is Symbol a pop up menu appears offering a choice of symbols For other bases use the keypad An X stands for don t care If there are two conditions that need to be present at the same time for example a protected address on the address b...

Page 61: ...ct New Macro and Delete Level The next section goes into detail on them The fields after While storing TRIGGER on and Else on are completed with trigger terms Selecting these fields pops up a menu of terms see below 3 Select the term you want to use from the pop up or enter a new value as appropriate to the field Selecting Combination pops up a menu to define a term combination The combination mec...

Page 62: ...quence levels Change macros Your logic analyzer provides a macro library to make setting up the trigger easier There are 12 state macros and 13 timing macros Most macros take more than one level internally to implement and can be broken down into their separate levels Once broken down the levels can be used to design your own trigger sequences 4 7 ...

Page 63: ...pop ups have an Insert Level field in the upper left corner 2 Select Insert Level Another pop up offers the choices of Cancel Before or After If the level you started from was the last level After will not appear 3 Select Before The Trigger Macro pop up replaces the Sequence Level pop up The macros available depend on whether the analyzer is configured as state or timing 4 Use the knob to highligh...

Page 64: ...e analyzer is configured as state or timing 3 Use the knob to highlight the macro you want and select Done A new Sequence Level pop up appears Its contents reflect the macro you just selected The wording of this screen is very similar to the macro description and the line drawing demonstrates what the macro is measuring 4 Select the appropriate assignment fields and insert the desired pre defined ...

Page 65: ...ts of data for each trace but see how they are related For instance you could set up a timing and a correlated state analyzer and see if setup and hold times are being met Or you could set up two state analyzers and have one watch normal program execution and the other watch the control and status lines Time correlation requires that state analyzers store time tags You set the state analyzer to st...

Page 66: ... 1 through 3 for the other state analyzer Now when you acquire data you will be able to interleave the listings To set up time correlation between a timing and a state analyzer To set up time correlation between a timing and a state analyzer only the state analyzer needs to have Count Time turned on The timing analyzer automatically keeps track of time 1 In the state Analyzer Trigger menu select C...

Page 67: ...ort is also referred to as Port Out It uses standard TTL logic signal levels and will generate a rising edge when trigger conditions are met 2 In the Analyzer Trigger menu select Arming Control Arming Control is below the Run button 3 Select the Port Out field and choose Analyzer from the list 4 If you are using both analyzers set the Arm Out Sent From field in the upper right corner This field do...

Page 68: ... and the scope The Scope Trigger Mode must be Immediate for correlation 4 Select the field of the instrument which will arm the others and in the pop up set it to run from Group Run The Scope field is not selectable To set how the scope is run select the field under Scope Arm In 5 Select the other instrument fields and choose the mechanism which will arm them The Analyzer Arm Out field determines ...

Page 69: ...ope Arm In to Analyzer Arming with two analyzers and an oscillscope When the run starts the state analyzer automatically begins evaluating its trigger sequence instruction When the trigger sequence is satisfied the state analyzer sends an Arm signal to the timing analyzer the oscilloscope and the external trigger Using the Trigger Menu To arm the oscilloscope with the analyzer 4 14 ...

Page 70: ...yzer C AU TI O N Do not exceed 5 5 volts on the External Trigger Input The External Trigger Input port is also referred to as Port In It uses standard TTL logic signal levels and expects a rising edge as input 2 In the Analyzer Trigger menu select Arming Control Arming Control is below the Run button 3 Select the Analyzer Arm In field and choose PORT IN 4 To change the default settings select the ...

Page 71: ...st bit of memory you can get on the logic analyzer There are three simple ways to maximize memory when specifying your trigger Selectively store branch conditions State only Place the trigger relative to memory Set the sampling rates Timing only 4 16 ...

Page 72: ...trigger sequence specification 1 In the Analyzer Trigger menu select Acquisition Control The Acquisition Control menu pops up If the acquisition mode is set to Automatic the menu contains a single field and an explanation If Acquisition has been customized it has 3 fields and a picture showing where the trigger is currently placed in memory 2 If the mode is Automatic select the field to toggle it ...

Page 73: ...y placed in memory 2 If the mode is Automatic select the field to toggle it to Manual The menu now shows three fields and a picture 3 Select the Trigger Position field A list of choices appears as shown in the timing trigger example below 4 Select the appropriate entry for your needs Start Center and End place the trigger respectively at the beginning middle and end of the memory Delay available i...

Page 74: ...ode is set to Automatic the menu contains a single field and an explanation If Acquisition has been customized it has 3 or 4 fields and a picture showing where the trigger is currently placed in memory 2 If the mode is Automatic select the field to toggle it to Manual The menu now shows three fields and a picture 3 Set the Sample Period field using the knob or select it to use the keypad to enter ...

Page 75: ...4 20 ...

Page 76: ...5 Triggering Examples ...

Page 77: ... occurs You can use sequential triggering to ensure that those conditions have occurred before the analyzer recognizes its trigger and captures information If you are not familiar with the trigger menus read through the previous chapter Using the Trigger Menu and try working through the examples in the Logic Analyzer Training Kit manual 5 2 ...

Page 78: ...see within the sequence levels but the illustrations show the complete multi level sequence specification Although all the examples are case specific terms are named in a way that highlights their role in solving the trigger problem You can easily apply the examples to your specific instance by changing the specific values assigned to the trigger terms 5 3 ...

Page 79: ...calls then there is likely to be some code at the beginning of the routine that adjusts the stack for local variable allocation This will precede the address of the first statement in the procedure If your subroutine has no local storage and is called by a jump or branch then the first statement will also be the entry address 4 Under State Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification...

Page 80: ...ou want to trigger on entry to a routine called MY_SUB You can create a symbol from the address of MY_SUB in the Format menu allowing you to reference the symbol name when setting up the trace specification Assume that MY_SUB extends for 0A hex locations You can set up the trigger sequence as shown in the display Single Machine Trigger Examples To store and time the execution of a subroutine 5 5 ...

Page 81: ...r activity 1 Go to the state analyzer s Trigger menu 2 Define the terms LP_START and LP_END to represent the start and end addresses of statements in the loop and LP_EXIT to represent the first statement executed after the loop terminates 3 Change State Sequence Level 1 s macro to Find event2 n times after event1 before event3 occurs 4 In the pop up enter the following sequence specification While...

Page 82: ...gger occurs if the loop executes less than 10 times the analyzer sees LP_EXIT and restarts the trigger sequence The potential problem is that LP_EXIT may be too near LP_END and thus appear on the bus during a prefetch The analyzer will constantly restart the sequence and will never trigger The solution to this problem depends on the structure of your code You may need to experiment with different ...

Page 83: ... for both CALL_ADD and F_START 3 Change State Sequence Level 1 s macro to Find event2 n times after event1 before event3 occurs 4 In the pop up enter the following sequence specification While storing anystate Find CALL_ADD 9 times after F_START before F_EXIT occurs You should use your value for n 1 instead of 9 in the specification 5 Insert another sequence level before the current one Select the...

Page 84: ...Triggering on the 10th call of a recursive function Single Machine Trigger Examples To trigger on the nth recursive call of a recursive function 5 9 ...

Page 85: ...ence specification While storing anystate Find F2_START 1 times after F1_START before F1_END occurs This sequence specification assumes there is some conditional logic in function F1 that chooses whether or not to call function F2 Thus if F1 ends without the analyzer having seen F2 the sequence restarts The specification also stores all execution inside function F1 whether or not F2 was called If ...

Page 86: ...efine the terms BAD_DATA WRITE and VAR_ADDR to represent the bad data value write status and the address of the variable 3 Under State Sequence Level 1 enter the following sequence specification use the Combination trigger term While storing anystate TRIGGER on BAD_DATA WRITE VAR_ADDR Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 Capturing a bad write to a variable Single Machine Trigger Examples To cap...

Page 87: ...e loop 3 Change State Sequence Level 1 s macro to Find event2 occurring too late after event1 4 In the pop up menu enter the following sequence specification While storing anystate Find LP_END occurring too late after LP_START Use Timer Timer1 Time 14 µs Of course you use your normal loop duration in place of 14 µs The macro will automatically start Timer1 for you Triggering on a loop overrun Sing...

Page 88: ...tate analyzer s Trigger menu 2 Define terms SR_START and SR_END to represent the start and end addresses of the subroutine 3 Under State Sequence Levels insert 2 more sequence levels and enter the following sequence specification While storing anystate Find SR_START Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 While storing anystate Then find SR_END Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 2 While storing...

Page 89: ...sor s status bus has become stable during the bus cycle 1 Go to the timing analyzer s Trigger menu 2 Define a term called PATTERN to represent the value to be found on the status bus lines 3 Under Timing Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification TRIGGER on PATTERN 40 ns Triggering after lines have finished transitioning Single Machine Trigger Examples To trigger after all status b...

Page 90: ... correspond more closely to the problem domain for example to CHIP_SEL 3 Under Timing Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification TRIGGER on CHIP_SEL Occurs 10 Else on no state go to level 1 You should use your value for n in place of 10 in the specification above Triggering on the 10th assertion of a chip select line Single Machine Trigger Examples To find the nth assertion of a ch...

Page 91: ...e asserting transition on the chip select line You can rename the Edge1 term to suit the problem for example to MEM_SEL 3 Under Timing Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification Find ADDRESS 80 ns TRIGGER on MEM_SEL Occurs 1 Else on ADDRESS go to level 1 Verifying setup time for memory address Single Machine Trigger Examples To verify that the chip select line is strobed after the ...

Page 92: ... ACK_TIME 16 00 µs Occurs 1 Else on DATA go to level 1 You will need to start ACK_TIME timer Timer1 upon entering this state You do this using the Timer Control field in the menu for sequence level 2 This sequence specification causes the analyzer to trigger when the data does not occur in 16 µs or less If it does occur within 16 µs the sequence restarts Specifications of this type are useful in f...

Page 93: ... specification Find POS_EDGE Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 Then find NEG_EDGE Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 2 You will need to start both timers upon entering this second state You do this using the Timer Control field in the menu for sequence level 2 TRIGGER on MIN_WID 496 ns MAX_WID 1 00 µs Occurs 1 Else on anystate go to level 1 Because both timers start when entering sequence...

Page 94: ...Triggering when a pulse exceeds minimum or maximum limits Single Machine Trigger Examples To test minimum and maximum pulse limits 5 19 ...

Page 95: ...er transition on the second handshake line You can rename these terms to match your problem for example to REQ and ACK 3 Under Timing Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification Find REQ Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 TRIGGER on REQ Occurs 1 Else on ACK go to level 1 Triggering on a handshake violation Single Machine Trigger Examples To detect a handshake violation 5 20 ...

Page 96: ...ertion of the bus transfer acknowledge line of one device and Edge2 term to represent assertion of the bus transfer acknowledge line of the other device You can rename these to BTACK1 and BTACK2 3 Under Timing Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification TRIGGER on BTACK1 BTACK2 Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 Triggering on bus contention Single Machine Trigger Examples To de...

Page 97: ...zers It is not possible to set both to timing You set up cross arming in the Arming Control menu obtained by selecting Arming Control in the Trigger menu When coordinating measurements between two instruments you need to select Count Time to correlate the measurements When correlating measurements between an analyzer and the scope you also need to set the oscilloscope Trigger Mode to Immediate See...

Page 98: ...iming violation occurs 4 Under Timing Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification TRIGGER on Edge1 Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 5 Go to the state analyzer s Trigger menu and check that term a is set to don t care In the Arming Control menu set the state analyzer to be run by the timing analyzer Arming the state analyzer from the timing analyzer 6 Under State Sequence Leve...

Page 99: ...tarting address of the routine 3 Under State Sequence Levels enter the following sequence specification While storing anystate TRIGGER on R_START Occurs 1 Else on no state go to level 1 4 Go to the timing analyzer s Trigger menu 5 Define the Edge1 term to represent a transition on one of the control signals 6 Set the timing analyzer to be run by the state analyzer Under Timing Sequence Levels ente...

Page 100: ...er s Trigger menu 4 Select an Edge term Then assign glitch detection to the channels of interest represented by the Edge term 5 Go to the state analyzer s Trigger menu 6 Set the analyzer to be armed by the timing analyzer Leave the trigger set to trigger on any state If you don t see the activity of interest in the state trace try changing the trigger position using the Acquisition Control field i...

Page 101: ...esented by the Edge term 4 Go to the Arming Control menu Set the Scope Arm In to Analyzer 5 Select Group Run in the Analyzer Arm In menu 6 Go to the Scope Trigger menu and set Mode to Immediate If you have trouble capturing the glitch waveform on the oscilloscope try adjusting the skew in the Arming Control menu so the oscilloscope triggers earlier A timing analyzer can trigger on a glitch and cap...

Page 102: ...ted interrupt activity ensure that the interrupt isn t masked due to the actions of other program code This setup can help you answer questions like the following Does the processor branch to the proper interrupt handling routine Are registers and status information saved properly How long does it take to service the interrupt Is the interrupt acknowledged properly After the interrupt is serviced ...

Page 103: ...p by step operation of the state machines 1 Set up a timing analyzer and a state analyzer 2 Go to the state analyzer s Trigger menu 3 Set the timing analyzer to be run from the state analyzer 4 Set the state analyzer to trigger on the label and term that identify the start of the count down routine 5 Go to the timing analyzer s Trigger Menu 6 Set the timing analyzer to trigger on any state and sto...

Page 104: ...Set the first analyzer to trigger on the problem condition Some problems may involve complex sequences of conditions See earlier examples in this chapter for more information on defining a trigger sequence 6 Go to the Trigger menu of the second analyzer 7 Check that the second analyzer is triggering on arm and that Count Time is set After the measurement is complete you can interleave the trace li...

Page 105: ...gs are useful when you are using multiple analyzers to look at interaction between two or more processors They are also useful when you need more analysis width than is available in one analyzer Mixed Display mode The Mixed Display mode allows you to show state listings and timing waveforms together on screen State listings are shown at the top of the screen and waveform displays are shown at the ...

Page 106: ...in order to correlate the data 5 Make the measurement run 6 Go to one of the Listing menus 7 Select one of the label fields in the trace list display then select Interleave 8 Select the name of the other analyzer and the label to interleave Interleaved data is displayed in a light shade Trace list line numbers of interleaved data are indented The labels identifying the interleaved data are shown a...

Page 107: ...isting From the pop up that appears select the desired label to insert You cannot view timing data in the listing area 9 To insert timing or oscilloscope waveforms double select the label field to the left of the waveform display area From the pop up that appears select insert and then the appropriate label You cannot view state analyzer data in the waveform display However you can view timing ana...

Page 108: ...Mixed display using timing and state in the HP 1661CS Mixed display using oscilloscope and state in the HP 1661CS Special displays To view trace lists and waveforms on the same display 5 33 ...

Page 109: ...5 34 ...

Page 110: ...6 File Management ...

Page 111: ... problem solving needs This chapter shows you how to save the different types of information The examples store files on the flexible disk drive but you can move the same files to your host computer using a network interface The HP 1660CS family of logic analyzers have HP IB and RS 232 C capabilities and an optional Ethernet interface If you need help using the optional LAN interface see the LAN U...

Page 112: ...a to and from IBM PC compatible computers as well as transferring data to and from other systems that can read and write MS DOS format You can save configuration files measurement results and even menu and measurement images from the screen This section shows you how to use the flexible disk drive to Save a configuration Load a configuration Save a trace list in ASCII format Save a screen image su...

Page 113: ...ystem configuration or all three at the same time See Also Scope Analyzer and System subheads of Load and Store in Chapter 7 for details of what is stored in a configuration file 4 Specify a file name into which to save the configuration using the to file field 5 Enter a description for the file using the file description field 6 Select Execute If you want to save your file in a directory other th...

Page 114: ...Saving the system configuration for programmatic control File Management To save a configuration 6 5 ...

Page 115: ... and analyzer configurations You can only load configuration files to the area from which the configuration was taken For instance you cannot load an analyzer configuration file to the system Thus if you select System then select a file that contains only an analyzer configuration the configuration will fail The file type field tells you what type of information is in a file Analyzer configuration...

Page 116: ...ld and specify a file name to which the data will be saved 5 Select ASCII ALL from the Output Format field If the current display contents can not be saved as an ASCII file this option will not be present in the Output Format field 6 Select Flexible Disk from the Output Disk menu then select Execute Part of a trace listing saved as an ASCII file 68332EVS State Listing Label ADDR CPU32 Mnemonic STA...

Page 117: ...unless you are using a controller 4 Select the Filename field and specify a file name to save to 5 Select the Output Format field and choose the output format for the graphics file from the pop up menu Choose one of the following formats B W TIF is a black and white TIFF Tagged Image File Format v 5 0 GRAY TIF is a grayscale TIFF file in TIFF version 5 0 format PCX is a grayscale PCX file PCX is t...

Page 118: ... general however you can install logic analyzer software by following these instructions 1 Turn off the logic analyzer 2 Insert the first disk of the software into the flexible disk drive 3 Turn on the logic analyzer The analyzer will load the software as it powers up 4 To permanently install the software follow the instructions that come with it File Management To load additional software 6 9 ...

Page 119: ...6 10 ...

Page 120: ...7 Reference ...

Page 121: ...ement data is displayed as data listings and waveforms and can also be plotted on a chart or compared to a reference image Profiled data is displayed as histograms of activity by time state or address range The 100 MHz state analyzer has master master slave and demultiplexed clocking modes available Measurement data can be stamped with state or time tags For triggering and data storage the state a...

Page 122: ...th combinations in all acquisition modes with all analyzer models Table 7 1 State Analyzer Configurations Mode HP 1660CS HP 1661CS HP 1662CS HP 1663CS half channel 100 MHz 8K deep 68 chan 65 data 3 data or clock 8K deep 51 chan 48 data 3 data or clock 8K deep 34 chan 32 data 2 data or clock 8K deep 17 chan 16 data 1 data or clock full channel 100 MHz 4K deep 136 chan 130 data 6 data or clock 4K de...

Page 123: ...n 65 data 3 data or clock 8K deep 51 chan 48 data 3 data or clock 8K deep 34 chan 32 data 2 data or clock 8K deep 17 chan 16 data 1 data or clock Transitional full channel 125 MHz 4K deep 136 chan 130 data 6 data or clock 4K deep 102 chan 96 data 6 data or clock 4K deep 68 chan 64 data 4 data or clock 4K deep 34 chan 32 data 2 data or clock Glitch half channel 125 MHz 4K deep 68 chan 65 data 3 dat...

Page 124: ...ing Options You can connect the logic analyzer to your system under test in one of the following ways Microprocessor and bus specific interfaces optional Standard general purpose probing provided Direct connection to a 20 pin 3M Series type header connector using the optional termination adapter See Also Accessories for HP Logic Analyzers for additional information about the microprocessor interfa...

Page 125: ... and demultiplexing circuits needed to capture the system s operation Additional status lines to further decode the operation of the CPU Inverse assembly software to translate logic levels captured by the logic analyzer into microprocessor mnemonics Bus interfaces will support bus analysis for the following Bus support for HP IB RS 232 C RS 449 SCSI VME and VXI General Purpose Probing General purp...

Page 126: ...em require termination adapters for the timing connectors The optional termination adapter allows you to connect the logic analyzer probe cables directly to test ports on your target system without the probes The termination adapter is designed to connect to a 20 position 2x10 4 wall low profile header connector which is a 3M Series 3592 or equivalent Termination adapter Probing 7 7 ...

Page 127: ... at the probe tip and a shielded resistive transmission line The advantages of this system include the following 250 Ω in series with 8 pF input capacitance at the probe tip for minimal loading Signal ground at the probe tip for high speed timing signals Inexpensive removable probe tip assemblies Probe Tip Assemblies Probe tip assemblies allow you to connect the logic analyzer directly to the targ...

Page 128: ...me way you connect the data lines For extra confidence in your measurements grounding every third or fourth probe is recommended When probing signals with rise and fall times of 1 ns or less grounding each probe lead with the 2 inch ground lead is recommended In addition always use the probe ground on a clock probe Probe Leads The probe leads consists of one 12 inch twisted pair cable one ground t...

Page 129: ...rcuit If the current limiting circuit is activated the fault condition must be removed After the fault condition is removed the circuit will reset in one minute Minimum Signal Amplitude Any signal line you intend to probe with the logic analyzer probes must supply a minimum voltage swing of 500 mV to the probe tip If you measure signal lines with a voltage swing of less than 500 mV you may not obt...

Page 130: ...ors The signal is dc coupled to the oscilloscope BNC cables can be connected directly to the BNC connectors A BNC to BNC cable is not provided with the instrument but you can order it separately Maximum Probe Input Voltage The maximum input voltage of each logic analyzer probe is 40 volts peak The maximum input voltage of the oscilloscope is 250 volts dc at 1MΩ setting and 5 volts rms at 50Ω setti...

Page 131: ...pose probing system components are assembled as shown to make a connection between the measured signal line and the pods displayed in the Analyzer Format menu Connecting probe cables to the logic analyzer Probing Assembling the probing system 7 12 ...

Page 132: ... Logic Analyzers Service Guide available from your HP sales office Connecting the Probe Tip Assembly to the Probe Cable To connect a probe tip assembly to a cable align the key on the cable connector with the slot on the probe housing and press them together Connecting probe tip assembly Probe tip assembly Probe cable key Probing Assembling the probing system 7 13 ...

Page 133: ...d To disconnect a probe lead insert the tip of a ballpoint pen into the latch opening Push on the latch while gently pulling the probe out of the pod connector as shown in the figure To connect the probes into the pods insert the double pin end of the probe into the probe housing Both the double pin end of the probe and the probe housing are keyed so they will fit together only one way Installing ...

Page 134: ...e connector at the end of the probe onto the recessed pin located in the side of the grabber If you need to use grabbers for either the pod or the probe grounds connect the grabbers to the ground leads in the same manner Connecting grabbers to probes Probing Assembling the probing system 7 15 ...

Page 135: ...es the cursor to the right Left pointing arrow moves the cursor to the left The cursor keys do not wrap This means that pressing the right pointing arrow when the cursor is already at the rightmost point in a menu will have no effect The cursor keys do repeat so holding the key down is the fastest way to continue keyboard cursor movement in a given direction Page Up and Page Down keys The Page Up ...

Page 136: ...ng the keyboard overlays A keyboard overlay is included in the HP E2427B Keyboard Kit The table below represents the key mappings Key Functions Like Key Functions Like F1 System Key S Select seconds F2 Config Key M Select milliseconds or millivolts F3 Format Key U Select microseconds F4 Trigger Key N Select nanoseconds F5 Listing Key V Select volts F6 Waveform Key B Select any both edge F7 Print A...

Page 137: ...enus that have similar operation These common fields are listed below Mode System Analyzer Scope field Menu field Print field Run field Base field Label field Roll fields Because most of these fields are self explanatory only the fields with less obvious features are described here 7 18 ...

Page 138: ... available with pop up menus The only way to print a pop up menu to disk is with a controller Print Screen The Print Screen option sends the screen immediately to the specified printer The option does not create a file to do that use Print Disk Print Disk The Print Disk option copies the screen in graphical form or ASCII if available to a file on either drive Possible output formats are ASCII 8 bi...

Page 139: ... states are specified The screen settings and specified data are printed in ASCII form Run Stop field The Run field starts the analyzer measurement When you select Run the screen switches to the display menu last viewed and displays the acquired data If Stop is selected during a single run the data acquisition is aborted If Stop is selected during a repetitive run the current run cycle is complete...

Page 140: ...ns with the last rollable field activated For example the Listing menu shown below has both the Label Base field and the state location field which are both rollable However the only field affected when turning the knob is the field with the roll indicator Another way to move through data is the Page keys The Page keys are independent of the knob rolling function and move through data without chan...

Page 141: ... another or to different flexible disks Duplicate Disk Copies one flexible disk to another flexible disk You cannot copy the hard disk to a flexible disk in a single operation All volume labels directories and file positions from one disk are copied exactly to another disk The new disk is formatted to match the source disk if it is required All files on the destination disk will be destroyed with ...

Page 142: ... Deleted files cannot be recovered Rename Changes the name of the file you select Store Saves system and analyzer measurement setups including data Disk operation safeguards If there is a problem or additional information is needed to execute an operation a pop up appears near the center of the screen displaying the status of the operation If executing a disk operation could destroy or damage a fi...

Page 143: ...inal information The logic analyzer recognizes a variety of sector sizes for LIF disks However it only creates 1024 byte sectors when formatting a LIF disk DOS disks always have 512 byte sectors The logic analyzer does not support track sparing during formatting If a bad track is found the disk is considered bad If a disk has been formatted elsewhere with track sparing it will be read successfully...

Page 144: ...s end in two underscores and have a file type of 16 6 7 x_config Analyzer Analyzer configuration files store measurement setups including data If you are storing the current measurement and an inverse assembler is already loaded when you reload the file you are now creating it will try to pull in the inverse assembler Other attributes stored in analyzer configuration files include labels trigger s...

Page 145: ...nterface gives you remote access for running measurements for uploading and downloading configurations and data and connecting to printers If you purchased the optional Ethernet LAN interface it can also be used for controlling the logic analyzer Printer interface The logic analyzer can output its screen to various HP IB RS 232 C and Centronics graphics printers Configured menus as well as wavefor...

Page 146: ...B logic analyzers is 7 In the System External I O menu select HP IB Settings and then set the Address field to your address The RS 232 C interface The RS 232 C interface is Hewlett Packard s implementation of EIA Recommended Standard RS 232 C Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange With this interface data is sent one bit...

Page 147: ...ed either by the hardware in which case you select None in the RS 232 C Settings pop up or by the software in which case you select Xon Xoff Xon Xoff stands for Transmit On Transmit Off With less than a 5 wire interface selecting None does not allow the sending or receiving device to control how fast the data is being sent increasing the possibility of missing data With a full 5 wire interface sel...

Page 148: ...ll also see a Time Zone field The Time Zone field changes the logic analyzer s apparent file times when viewed over NFS It does not affect the real time clock Set the Time Zone to the same Time Zone used by your LAN This value is usually the same as the difference in hours between your local time and Greenwich Mean Time Update FLASH ROM field The logic analyzer uses flash ROMs to store the operati...

Page 149: ...rive those are used instead This could result in incorrect installation of the updated operating system The logic analyzer warns We are about to erase flash ROM memory This is the last point at which you can cancel the operation Any loss of power between the time the analyzer starts to erase flash ROM and the time it finishes copying the update will destroy the operating system C AU TI O N If you ...

Page 150: ...irst will be turned off State When State is selected the analyzer uses a clock from the system under test to clock measurement data into acquisition memory This clock is synchronous to the signals in the target system SPA SPA stands for System Performance Analysis It uses an external clock like a state analyzer but measures overall system performance rather than recording an activity trace For mor...

Page 151: ...es state only The State Acquisition Mode field identifies the channel width and memory depth of the selected acquisition mode There are two configurations of channel width memory depth Full Channel 4K Memory 100 MHz Full channel mode uses both pods in a pod pair for 34 channels of width and a total memory depth of 4 K per channel If time or state tags are turned on the total memory is evenly split...

Page 152: ... memory depth is 4 K per channel with 34 channels per pod pair Data is sampled for new transitions as often as every 8 ns Transitional half channel 250 MHz The total memory depth is 8 K with 17 channels on one pod The pod used within the pod pair is selectable Data is sampled for new transitions as often as every 4 ns Glitch Acquisition Mode A glitch is defined as a pulse with a minimum width of 3...

Page 153: ...and are used as only data channels With the exception of the Range resource all unused clock bits can be used as data channels in the trigger terms Activity indicators above the clock identifier show clock or data signal activity Pod clocks Pod clock field State only The pod clock field identifies the type of clock arrangement assigned to each pod When the pod clock field is selected a clock arran...

Page 154: ... by a match of the master clock and the master clock arrangement the slave data is strobed into analyzer memory along with the master data See the figure below If multiple slave clocks occur between master clocks only the data latched by the last slave clock prior to the master clock is strobed into analyzer memory Latching slave data Demultiplex The Demultiplex mode is used to store two different...

Page 155: ...Then followed by a match of the master clock and the master clock arrangement the slave data is strobed into analyzer memory along with the master data If multiple slave clocks occur between master clocks only the most recently latched data is strobed into analyzer memory Latching slave data in demultiplex mode Analyzer Memory Slave Latch Data on Master Data on Slave latches on Master Clock latche...

Page 156: ...er to synchronize itself on valid data Clock selections When the Master or Slave Clock field is selected a clock qualifier selection menu appears showing the available clocks and qualifiers for a clocking arrangement Depending on the model there are up to six clocks available J through P and up to four clock qualifiers available Q1 through Q4 Clock qualifier selection menu The Analyzer Format Menu...

Page 157: ...e For example in a six clock model all combinations of the J K and L clock with Q1 and Q2 qualifiers are ORed to the clock combinations of the M N and P clocks with Q3 and Q4 qualifiers See Also Pod Clock Field found earlier in this chapter for information on selecting clocking arrangement types such as Master Slave or Demultiplex Clock fields Master Clock field Slave Clock field Pod clock field T...

Page 158: ... edges of a single clock assigned the choices are from 4 0 ns Setup 0 0 ns Hold to 0 0 ns Setup 4 0 ns Hold If the analyzer has multiple clock edges assigned the choices range from 4 5 ns Setup 0 0 ns Hold to 0 0 ns Setup 4 5 ns Hold The relationship of the clock signal and valid data under the default setup and hold is shown in the upper figure If the relationship of the clock signal and valid da...

Page 159: ...mation on downloading symbols Label field The Label field identifies the label for which you are specifying symbols When you select this field a selection menu appears that lists all the labels turned on for that analyzer Each label has a separate symbol table so you can give the same name to symbols defined under different labels Symbol pop up menu Base field Use the Base field to select the nume...

Page 160: ... to the boundaries select the fields and enter the pattern You can specify ranges that overlap or are nested within each other Label fields The label fields are the fields with label names along the left side of the display below the field captioned Labels The default label names are Lab1 through Lab126 Selecting the label fields pops up a choice of Turn Label On Turn Label Off and Modify Label Th...

Page 161: ...e polarity is positive 1 is high and 0 is low When the polarity is negative 1 is low and 0 is high All data as well as bit pattern specific configurations used for identifying triggering or storing data reflect the change of polarity Numbers use the appropriate logical encoding but waveforms and edges are still shown as logic levels either low or high In a timing analyzer with the data inverted th...

Page 162: ...els are shown within the macro library list User macros however use only one level almost all the time The only instance where multiple levels are used with the User macro is when the duration is assigned Modify trigger field The Modify Trigger field allows you to modify the statements of any single sequence level as well as other high level actions like global clearing of existing trigger stateme...

Page 163: ...acros in the library of timing trigger macros They are listed in the same order as they appear onscreen User Mode User level custom combinations loops The User level is a user definable level This level offers low level configuration and uses one internal sequence level If the duration is used four levels are required Basic Macros 1 Find anystate n times This macro becomes true when the first stat...

Page 164: ... too late after edge This macro becomes true when one selected edge type occurs and for a designated period of time after that first edge is seen a pattern is not seen It uses two internal sequence levels Time Violations 1 Find 2 edges too close together This macro becomes true when a second selected edge is seen occurring within a designated period of time after the occurrence of a first selected...

Page 165: ...or nonconsecutively It uses one internal sequence level 3 Find event n consecutive times This macro becomes true when it sees a designated pattern occurring a designated number of consecutive times It uses one internal sequence level 4 Find event 2 immediately after event 1 This macro becomes true when the first designated pattern is seen immediately followed by a second designated pattern It uses...

Page 166: ...ignated channel and a designated label It uses n internal sequence levels Time Violations 1 Find event 2 occurring too soon after event 1 This macro becomes true when a designated pattern 1 is seen followed by a designated pattern 2 and with less than a selected time period occurring between the two patterns It uses two internal sequence levels 2 Find event 2 occurring too late after event 1 This ...

Page 167: ... pattern edge or range From that point it becomes an iterative process of adding more levels to further filter the data It is important for you to know how to use such elements as occurrence counters timers and branching to zero in and trigger at the desired point As the analyzer executes the trigger specification it searches for a match between the resource term value and the data When a match is...

Page 168: ...only after the resource term has been true for less than or equal to the amount of duration specified Using less than requires four sequence levels Using the Occurrence Counters Occurs field When Occurs is selected the and duration functions change to an occurrence counter Use the occurrence counter to delay sequence evaluation until the resource term has occurred a designated number of times If t...

Page 169: ...valuates the Else on secondary branching term If the Else on term is found the secondary branch taken is to the designated sequence level If the Else on term is not found the analyzer continues to loop within the same sequence level until one of the two branches are found If the Else on branch is taken the occurrence counter is reset even if the go to level branch is back to the same level If both...

Page 170: ...nalyzer you can use any of the ten bit pattern terms range terms or timers in your trigger specification When you configure the logic analyzer as a timing analyzer you can use any of these terms plus the edge terms Bit pattern terms a j You can set a bit pattern consisting of any combination of 1s 0s or Xs don t cares for the 10 terms a j Bit pattern terms can also take the NOTed form of a j Range...

Page 171: ...ssign toggles which machine the term is assigned to All of the available resource terms except the Edge terms can be assigned to any analyzer However a term can only be assigned to one analyzer at a time Rename Rename lets you change the term name This function works for all terms Clear X Clear sets the terms to their broadest possible meaning For terms a j the assignment field is set to all Xs do...

Page 172: ...a single label across a single pod pair with no clock bits allowed Timer terms Timers are either true or false Timers start as you enter the sequence level and when its count expires it becomes true If a timer is paused in one level it must be continued in another level before it can count through As more sequence levels are added the timer status in the new levels defaults to Off Timers must be c...

Page 173: ...the system can be Run oscilloscope and analyzers operate independently Group Run oscilloscope and analyzers form a dependent system or Port In to the oscilloscope and or an analyzer dependent or independent system depending on the rest of the configuration Any of the instruments can send an Arm Out signal The fields to the left on the screen select the Arm In and allow you to specify the arming de...

Page 174: ...tion of both modes waveforms If you set the oscilloscope to Run in the Arming menu the oscilloscope will be in the free run mode and the waveform display will not be synchronized with the other measurements in your system Arming control using external BNCs The External BNCs on the rear panel provide more complex arming In the Arming Control menu the External Triggers are called Port In and Port Ou...

Page 175: ...osition within memory Trigger Position field The Trigger Position field sets how much information is stored before and after the trigger When a run is started a timing analyzer will not look for a trigger until at least the proper percent of pre trigger data has been stored A state analyzer will trigger at the first occurrence of the trigger but will notify you that the prestore was not completed ...

Page 176: ...pecified pod pair unassigned States States places numbered tags on all data relative to the trigger Pre trigger data has negative numbers and post trigger data has positive In the display menus State numbering is either relative to the previous memory location or absolute from the trigger point You can set it in the display menus by toggling the Absolute Relative field Time Count Time places time ...

Page 177: ...riteria for a stop measurement When a marker is positioned in the Listing menu it is also positioned in the Chart menu and Waveform menu but not in the Mixed Display State analyzer markers In a state analyzer with Count Off in the Trigger menu only Pattern markers are available With Count Time turned on Time markers and Statistics markers become available With Count States turned on State markers ...

Page 178: ...true Compare When you select Compare a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of data in the Listing menu and data and criteria in the Reference listing of the Compare menu matches an equality selection The equality selection is set from the Equal Not Equal selection pop up menu Statistics markers After patterns are assigned to the X and O markers statistical information is available when mar...

Page 179: ...ld will toggle On Off When Accumulate is on the analyzer displays the data from a current acquisition on top of the previously acquired data When Accumulate is off the display is cleared before each new run cycle If you leave the Waveform menu or pop up a menu over the waveform display any accumulated display data is lost and the accumulation process starts over Delay field Depending on the analyz...

Page 180: ...nsert replace delete or scale waveforms into the display For insert or replace a second pop up appears for scope or analyzer You can display up to 24 waveforms on screen at one time and up to 96 waveforms by scrolling the waveform display Viewing state values in the bus option When all assigned waveforms in a label are overlaid with the Bus option the value of the data is displayed in the base sel...

Page 181: ...nce to the total memory Total memory is represented by a horizontal dotted line The display window is represented by an overlaid solid line The markers and trigger point are represented by small dots above the total memory line and an X O and t label all of which are located below the total memory line roll indicator trigger indicator Display Window indicator The Analyzer Waveform Menu Waveform di...

Page 182: ... display area shows timing analyzer waveforms from the configured timing analyzer the oscilloscope waveform or both Interleaving state listings Interleaved state listings allows you to view two labels and their data from different analyzers in the same column The process of interleaving state listings can be performed in either the Listing menu or the Mixed Display menu For example if data is inte...

Page 183: ...Markers The markers in the Mixed Display menu are not the same as the markers in the individual Listing and Waveform menus First Mixed Display only has time markers Second markers placed in the individual waveform and listing menus will not transfer to the Mixed Display menu You must place new Time markers on your points of interest in the Mixed Display The Analyzer Mixed Display Menu Time correla...

Page 184: ...late mode is available that allows the chart display to build up over several runs You can generate x y charts of Label vs Label or Label vs State Label vs Label charts When labels are assigned to both axes the chart shows how the data acquired under one label varies in relation to the other for a particular measurement Label values are always plotted in ascending order from the bottom to the top ...

Page 185: ...ld If the field is set to Range X and Y range fields become available to set the chart minimum and maximum range points If the field is set to Markers a marker selection menu appears with marker choices available with the present analyzer configuration In a state analyzer with Count Off in the Trigger menu only Pattern markers are available With Count Time on Time markers and Statistics markers be...

Page 186: ...ata that do not match the bits in the compare image are treated as unequal You can separately view the acquired data the reference listing and a listing that highlights the bits in the acquired data that do not match the corresponding bits in the reference listing You can edit the reference listing for unique comparisons You can mask specific bits that you do not want to compare These Don t compar...

Page 187: ... differs if any from the Reference listing highlighted with inverse video If the base is inverse assembled symbols the entire line is highlighted with inverse video The controls that roll the listing in all three menus the normal State listing the Reference listing and the Difference listing are synchronized unless the number of pre trigger states differ between the Reference listing and the acqui...

Page 188: ... value of one You select which error number to find by highlighting the Find Error field and entering a number from the front panel keypad If the roll indicator is in the Find Error field simply turn the knob The listing is then scanned sequentially until the specified occurrence is found and rolled into view Compare Full Compare Partial field The Compare Full Compare Partial field is a toggle fie...

Page 189: ...terisk indicates that channel is to be compared Bit Editing field The bit editing fields are located in the center of the Reference listing display A bit editing field exists for every label in the display unless the label s base is ASCII or inverse assembled symbols Bit editing field allows you to modify the values of individual bits in the Reference image or specify them as don t compare bits Yo...

Page 190: ...uisition overwriting the previous The display is updated each time a new acquisition is made Repetitive mode continues acquiring data in this manner until you select the Stop field As in single mode each 8000 sample waveform record is acquired in a single acquisition Autoscale run Select the autoscale field on the screen then choose Continue from the pop up menu When autoscaling is complete the os...

Page 191: ...les of the time base scaling source input signal can be seen on the screen The trigger settings are also changed by the autoscale algorithm and an edge mode trigger with CHAN 1 or CHAN 2 is selected The channel selected for time base scaling is selected as the trigger source Displaying the waveform When the autoscale algorithm is complete the oscilloscope automatically starts running acquires the ...

Page 192: ...nding on frequency of lowest numbered channel with signal present Defaults to 0 s Time base The s Div and Delay fields are displayed on all of the oscilloscope menus except for the Calibration menu s Div field The s Div field allows you to set the sweep speed time scale on the horizontal axis of the display from 1 ns div to 5 s div Sweep speed is measured in seconds per division Delay field The De...

Page 193: ...ded to or subtracted from the input signal so that the waveform can be centered on the waveform display Offset range and resolution are dependent on vertical sensitivity V Div as shown in the table below The table values are based on a 1 1 probe setting Offset Range and Resolution V Div Setting Offset Range Offset Resolution 4 mV 100 mV Div 2 V 1 mV 100 mV 500mV Div 10 V 1 mV 500mV 2 5 V Div 50 V ...

Page 194: ... is displayed Coupling field You use the Coupling field to set the input impedance for the channel currently displayed in the Input field Coupling field selections When you select the Coupling field a pop up appears that shows the input impedance values available The selectable values are 1MΩ DC 1MΩ AC and 50Ω DC C AU TI O N The maximum input voltage for the 50Ω DC Coupling field selection is 5 Vr...

Page 195: ...repetitive run the oscilloscope acquires and displays data averaging each run with the preceding set accumulated since you selected repetitive run When the oscilloscope has acquired the number of waveforms you selected it displays the advisory message Number of averages has been met All new data is weighed at 1 N and is averaged with the previous data All data is retained If you set the Run mode t...

Page 196: ...setting for the Connect Dots field is Off If an edge is fast enough relative to the sample rate the signal may begin to look like dots scattered around the display because each sample is displayed as a single dot To give you a better idea of what the waveform looks like the oscilloscope can connect the sample dots together Selecting the Connect Dots field toggles the field between On and Off Grid ...

Page 197: ...s from the Display Options pop up will take you to the Scope Channel Labels menu This menu allows you to assign labels to each of the oscilloscope channels These labels will subsequently appear in the channel label area to the left of the waveform display area The scope channel labels appear on single trace waveforms only The default oscilloscope labels are used for overlay and waveform math displ...

Page 198: ... a fourth choice identical to the Arming Control field in the Analyzer Trigger menu The three types of triggering are Edge Pattern and Immediate For information on Arming Control refer to Arming Control field earlier in this chapter Note that to time correlate the oscilloscope and the analyzer waveforms when the oscilloscope is armed by a logic analyzer the Mode must be set to Immediate Edge trigg...

Page 199: ...s than the edge trigger level of this input X is a don t care condition The don t care means the associated input channel will not be used in the pattern for the trigger qualifier It does not equate to trigger on anything The default condition for all patterns is X don t care To change the pattern select the Channel Pattern field and use the pop up menu A pattern of XX says to use NO channels to f...

Page 200: ...el is set above or below the waveform amplitude the trigger point cannot be found If Auto Trig is set to On this causes the waveform display to become unsynchronized and to float on the display If Auto Trig is set to Off the message Waiting for trigger is displayed The trigger point voltage can be set either by the autoscale function or by a voltage value set into the Level field It can be set to ...

Page 201: ...changed If the trigger source channel is not in the waveform area of the screen the trigger level marker will not be displayed If there are multiple occurrences of the trigger source waveform in the waveform area of the screen only the uppermost occurrence of the trigger source waveform will display the trigger source marker The trigger level marker only appears when the trigger menu is selected T...

Page 202: ...ire a waveform In edge trigger mode you can define a positive or negative edge and the trigger level as a trigger qualifier When the oscilloscope detects the trigger qualifier it will trigger at a user specified number of edges Count field on the waveform Count can be set to any integer from 1 to 32 000 This type of triggering is commonly referred to as events triggering or delay by events trigger...

Page 203: ...itions occurs No signal is on the input In this case the oscilloscope will display a baseline There is a signal but the specified trigger condition has not been met within 50 ms In this case the waveform display will not be synchronized to a trigger point Off When you set auto trigger to Off the oscilloscope waits until a trigger is received before the waveform display is updated If a trigger does...

Page 204: ...ing false Present When this field is active the scope triggers on the first transition that causes the pattern specification to be false for any input used in the pattern trigger specification if the specified pattern has been true for the time duration specified If the pattern specification becomes false before the specified duration time has elapsed the search for a trigger condition starts agai...

Page 205: ...nly the first pattern event must meet the duration specification Once the pattern duration specification has been met subsequent pattern events that meet the pattern specification can be of any duration and each such pattern event will contribute to meeting the count specification For instance with a pattern specification of HX a duration specification of 100 ns and a count of 3 a pulse string wit...

Page 206: ... with a pattern specification of HX a duration specification of 60 ns 100 ns and a count of 3 a pulse string with pulse widths 200 ns 80 ns 150 ns 50 ns 75 ns 20 ns would trigger on the trailing edge of the 50ns pulse In this example the 80 ns pulse meets the duration specification and is count 1 the 150 ns pulse is count 2 and the 50 ns pulse is count 3 Count field In pattern trigger mode you can...

Page 207: ...es for these markers Tx to To field The Tx to To field displays the time difference between the Tx marker and the To marker When you select the Tx to To field turning the knob moves both the Tx and To markers across the display without changing the value in the Tx to To field However the values in the Trig to X and Trig to O fields will change to reflect the movement of the Tx and To markers You c...

Page 208: ...graph entitled Tx to To Field for a description and results of keypad entries in the Tx to To field T Marker value display Any time the markers either voltage or time are turned on the current marker settings may be displayed on the channel trigger display and auto measure menus by using the Display Options field located to the right of the time base Delay field The Display Options field provides ...

Page 209: ...lly include preshoot or overshoot of the waveform The peak to peak voltage is the difference between the minimum and maximum voltages found on the waveform If the signal is clipped the time markers will not be automatically placed When searching for the marker patterns the search will occur only on that part of the waveform that is displayed not the entire stored waveform The default Auto markers ...

Page 210: ...r the at Level field is 50 The power up default value for the at Level field is the selected channel offset value If the vertical range parameters for example v div offset probe factor of a channel are changed such that the current at Level voltage is no longer valid the at Level voltage will track the limit of the vertical range Slope field The Slope field sets the Tx or To marker on either the p...

Page 211: ...t the Done field on the auto markers pop up after making a change to one of the auto marker placement specification fields Set On Type Level Slope or Occur Other oscilloscope menu changes do not reset marker statistics but may have an impact on the values computed for the marker statistics Run Until Time X O field This field allows you to set up a stop condition for the time interval between the T...

Page 212: ...e field When you select this field from the pop up two time value fields appear next to the Run Until Time X O In Range field You need to enter the time range values for the stop condition in these two time fields Select each time value field in turn and enter the time value in the same manner as for the Less Than field When you select In Range the oscilloscope runs until the Tx To time interval i...

Page 213: ... When you select the On field in the pop up to turn Voltage Markers On you can manually move the Va and Vb markers to make voltage measurements When you select the On field in the V Markers menu five new fields appear to the right of the V Markers field Va On Va Volts Vb On Vb Volts and Va to Vb fields These fields allow you to position the Va marker and the Vb marker by entering channel numbers a...

Page 214: ... range value is affected by the probe factor and v div settings The Vb Volts field works similarly Va to Vb field This field displays the difference between the Va and Vb markers This value is dependent on channel selections and represents Vb minus Va Center Screen Field The Center Screen field appears on the right side of the Marker menu The Center Screen field centers the screen on the chosen ti...

Page 215: ... the second contains settings for the time markers If only one set of markers is turned on only one of the two blocks will appear on the screen On the marker menu if time markers are turned off the Sample Period display will appear on the marker menu If time markers are selected as either On or Auto the Sample Period display is not visible on the Marker menu The Display Options field never appears...

Page 216: ... fields They are the Input field and the actual automatic measurement display These fields are discussed in the following paragraphs Input field The Input field allows you to select the source of the waveform to be measured When you select this field a pop up menu appears which shows the input sources Make sure the proper source is selected for the input you are using Automatic measurements displa...

Page 217: ...r Falltime and falling edge Preshoot and Overshoot measurements Risetime Falltime Preshoot and Overshoot measurements will be more accurate if you expand the edge of the waveform by selecting a faster sweep speed If the signal is clipped the automatic measurements cannot be made Criteria used for making automatic measurements If more than one waveform edge or pulse is displayed the measurements ar...

Page 218: ...ll displayed points on the displayed waveform The quantization level with the greatest number of occurrences in the top half of the waveform corresponds to the Vtop level The quantization level with the greatest number of occurrences in the bottom half of the waveform corresponds to the Vbase level If Vtop and Vbase do not contain at least 5 of the 500 data points displayed on screen Vtop defaults...

Page 219: ...mum and minimum voltages for the selected source are measured Vp_p V maximum V minimum where Vmaximum and Vminimum are the maximum and minimum voltages present on the selected source Positive Pulse Width Width Pulse width is measured at the 50 voltage level If the first edge on the display is rising then Width tfalling edge 1 trising edge1 If the first edge on the display is falling then Width tfa...

Page 220: ... Base Voltages section earlier in this chapter These measurements use all data displayed on the screen therefore it is very important that only the data of interest be displayed If you want to measure preshoot and overshoot on one edge of a waveform then only display that edge If you want to measure the maximum preshoot and overshoot on a waveform then display several cycles of the waveform Presho...

Page 221: ...7 102 ...

Page 222: ...8 System Performance Analysis SPA Software ...

Page 223: ...milar This chapter is organized as follows What is System Performance Analysis outlines typical SPA applications and describes the operating characteristics for each SPA mode Getting Started describes how to access the SPA menus and how to select the SPA modes and set the specifications SPA Measurement Processes is a detailed description of the measurement processes used by the SPA package This th...

Page 224: ... the first two sections are recommended reading Part 3 is optional If you are an experienced user the last sections will help you with your SPA measurements Use the first three sections for review when necessary If you need programming information refer to the HP 1670A Series Logic Analyzers Programmer s Guide available from your HP sales office System Performance Analysis SPA Software 8 3 ...

Page 225: ...overview of system activity Identifying software problems that lock up the microprocessor Determining the best case and worst case execution times for a software module or a state machine Establishing standards for software modules or state machines Identifying inefficient use of mass storage and other peripherals Evaluating memory utilization such as illegal access in protected portions of memory...

Page 226: ...ogram of all states not covered by the user defined ranges You can tTrace All States or pattern Qualified States Total samples displays the total number of occurrences in all displayed ranges Choice of base for specified label is user definable Time Interval The Time Interval mode displays time intervals between user defined start and end events Start and end events can be defined over all labels ...

Page 227: ...ng State Overview State Histogram or Time Interval modes To access one of the three SPA modes select the analyzer menu field after configuring one of the analyzers as SPA and select SPA Once in the SPA menu you can move from State Overview State Histogram or Time Interval Modes by selecting the Trace Mode field as shown in the SPA menu on the next page A pop up menu appears and you can select one ...

Page 228: ...the qualified states in State Histogram or to specify the Start and End conditions in Time Interval Your ability to use existing State or Timing configurations with SPA depends on your application and target system If your SPA measurement uses the same physical signals from the target system as an existing State or Timing configuration it may be easier to load the state or timing configuration fro...

Page 229: ... screen is blank since no data has been acquired in this mode You again press Run and let data accumulate and press Stop In this example two separate data sets are acquired the first for State Overview mode the second for Time Interval You can now move between the modes and see the correct data for the associated measurement This separate acquisition data applies to all three trace modes In this w...

Page 230: ...and Time Interval modes use all of the labels in the Format Specification to define either the qualified state or the start and stop events respectively While State Overview and State Histogram deal with recorded states Time Interval deals with time Changing from one label to another in State Overview or State Histogram mode or changing the Start or End pattern in Time Interval erases any configur...

Page 231: ...tate Overview display is updated The acquisition is repeated until Stop is pressed or until a display variable is changed Y axis scaling The display builds a vertical histogram where the Y axis represents the relative number of occurrences in each of the buckets As successive acquisitions are acquired and sorted the display is constantly re scaled vertically so that the upper limit of the Y axis r...

Page 232: ... range of the label Low value 0000 High value FFFF with a 16 bit ADDR label activity over the entire address range can be monitored Access into reserved memory is easily identified By selecting only the range of the reserved area of memory with the Low and High values the number of address values per bucket is decreased and a more detailed analysis can be performed The figure below shows a State O...

Page 233: ...lar to State Overview but there are key differences between the two modes State Overview shows relative distribution of activity over a single contiguous range of a label State Histogram also allows several non contiguous ranges of a label to be defined State Overview requires minimal setup and provides a quick overview of system activity State Histogram requires more setup but provides greater re...

Page 234: ...ive size of the histograms These values are updated as the repeated acquisitions are sorted and displayed Other States included excluded Usually the defined ranges will not cover the entire range of the specified label The Other States included excluded field provides an optional histogram showing all activity on the specified label that does not fall within any of the defined ranges By selecting ...

Page 235: ...uded in Other States Example State Histogram example A computer system has several I O devices such as a data terminal disk drive tape drive and printer Each device has its own service routines stored in memory The problem is that one or more of the devices is tying up the CPU The address bus of the system is monitored using State Histogram to define the memory blocks where the service routines ar...

Page 236: ...tervals are adjacent and have a common boundary the upper limit of one equals the lower limit of the next and a sampled time interval falls on the common boundary the sample will be sorted into the higher time interval Start End conditions Start and end conditions for Time Interval are specified on all labels defined in the Format Specification as a combination of values in the current base and do...

Page 237: ...e setting Minimum time and Maximum time to zero and performing a linear scale The smallest increment allowable using Auto scale is 10 ns If the time interval defined by the minimum and maximum times is too small to allow all 8 ranges to be scaled Auto range will scale as many as possible and exclude some upper time interval ranges The maximum resolution of each time interval is 10 ns Min Max and A...

Page 238: ...s execution time with their logic analyzer in the Time Interval mode Using Auto range they can quickly vary the time interval ranges for either greater time coverage or greater time resolution If the programmers wanted to see the details of the time intervals they could set up a state analyzer measurement not using SPA and capture the activity between the start and stop events The details could th...

Page 239: ...es preprocessors inverse assemblers and standard configurations for popular microprocessors and you need not enter the configuration manually or worry about probing issues In the State Overview mode you select the ADDR label and start the acquisition to monitor the entire memory space After several acquisitions five areas of relatively high activity begin to build on the histogram Using the X and ...

Page 240: ...ximum Max Minimum Min and Average Avg times From these values the typical execution times of the interrupt are apparent and provide good starting values for the Time Interval ranges using Auto range From the Max time it is apparent that the interrupt routine is having problems Running the acquisition again you discover that the interrupt usually takes the expected 8 microseconds but occasionally i...

Page 241: ...SPA Time Interval System Performance Analysis SPA Software SPA measurement processes 8 20 ...

Page 242: ...al mode measurement processes refer to the third section SPA Measurement Processes Using State Overview mode Choosing a label to monitor To specify a label to monitor select the Label field in the State Overview menu item 1 in the figure on the next page The pop up shows a list of all the labels defined in the Format Specification From this list choose the label you want to monitor Changing from o...

Page 243: ...hat the range is 1100 1100 divided by 256 is 4 29 This will be rounded up to 5 and each bucket will have a range of 5 Since 1100 divided by 5 is 220 the histogram frame will be truncated at the right because the X axis will have only 220 of the 256 buckets The default high and low values represent the full range of the label you chose Before changing these values you may want to run the acquisitio...

Page 244: ...d range of the label This is not affected by the low and high values Using the markers To find the number of data samples in any bucket select the X marker or O marker field item 6 in the figure on the previous page Turn the knob to move the marker to the area of interest Read the X Mark count or O Mark count values to determine the number of samples in the current bucket item 7 in the figure on t...

Page 245: ...nge to a different label but do not want to lose the setup for the current one save the current one to a disk Defining the ranges To define a range on the specified label select one of the 11 range fields item 2 in the figure below When you select one of the 11 ranges you will see the Range Definition pop up item 3 in the figure below This pop up has fields where you enter the low and high value a...

Page 246: ...below This creates a new field at the top of the display called Specify States Select Specify States item 2 in the figure below and you will see a pop up that contains a pattern field for every label defined in the Format Specification Use the pattern fields to define the data qualification For example in the State Histogram you may want to monitor the address bus of a microprocessor system to exa...

Page 247: ... histograms show the relative distribution of activity over the ranges you have defined In most cases the ranges will not cover the full range of the label you chose to monitor To view the activity over the entire range of the label including activity not covered by the ranges select the Other States field and change it to included item 3 in the figure on the previous page Another histogram bar ca...

Page 248: ...u are timing a counter period start and end might be the initial and final count values Note that in start and end you are not limited to a single label You define the event over all available labels as patterns including don t cares Be sure that the start and end conditions actually occur in the target system or the analyzer will not find the timing reference points and will not make the time int...

Page 249: ...dingly between the Minimum and Maximum times See item 3 in the figure on the previous page for the Auto range pop up Common boundaries of adjacent ranges are not considered overlapped Values that fall on the common boundary will be included in the highest range A fast way to set up the Time Interval display is to define your Start and End events and select Run using the default ranges Select Repet...

Page 250: ...time statistics give you useful statistics for the event you defined no matter what ranges you ve set up item 1 in figure below SPA Time Interval menu with statistics called out The Total samples field shows the number of Start End event pairs found by the analyzer whether they are covered by the ranges or not item 2 in figure above 2 1 System Performance Analysis SPA Software Using State Overview...

Page 251: ... analyzer mode As a result switching between SPA and state or timing recovers the user s original pattern recognizers for the selected mode Any Symbols in the Format Specification will also carry over to SPA Using SPA in Group Runs In the HP 16500A Logic Analysis System you can define an intermodule sequence using various combinations of modules and run it singly or repetitively Similarly the HP 1...

Page 252: ...9 Concepts ...

Page 253: ... help you use it more effectively and minimize measurement problems This chapter explains the structure of the file system the details of transitional timing mode the general operation of the trigger sequence and the details of the hardware and self tests 9 2 ...

Page 254: ... you can examine are the hard disk drive and the flexible disk drive The hard disk drive contains the SYSTEM directory with the X Window fonts and some example files and also whatever other files and directories you have created on it The flexible disk drive directory contains whatever files are on the disk in the disk drive See Also The LAN User s Guide for more information on the LAN accessible ...

Page 255: ...s for autoload files and software options it first looks in the flexible disk drive If the flexible disk drive contains an autoload file and two software options the analyzer does not check the hard disk drive If some of these were not found the analyzer next checks the hard drive s root and SYSTEM directory You can manually copy files such as performance verification files to the SYSTEM directory...

Page 256: ...reated by executing Store Analyzer or Store All in the System Disk menu 166Xsc_config indicates the file is an oscilloscope configuration These files are created by executing Store Scope or Store All in the System Disk menu 16 6 7 x_cnfg indicates the file is a system configuration These files are created by executing Store System or Store All in the System Disk menu DOS indicates the file is in D...

Page 257: ...e and autoload files Check the file type field to be sure what type of file you are selecting _A This ending is appended to analyzer configuration files created with the Store operation from the System Disk menu _B This ending is appended to oscilloscope configuration files created with the Store operation from the System Disk menu _ _ This ending is appended to system configuration files created ...

Page 258: ...nternal clock With 4 K of memory per channel and Count Time selected the analyzer uses half its memory 2 K to store time tags Because each pod pair must store transitions at its own rate each pod pair must store its own set of time tags This is why you do not have the option of using a free pod to retain full memory as you have in the normal state mode When a transition is detected after a sample ...

Page 259: ...actual number of transitions stored will be between 1023 and 2047 250 MHz transitional mode Transitional timing running at 250 MHz is the same as the 125 MHz mode except that two single pod data samples are stored instead of one full pod pair data sample This is because in half channel mode data is multiplexed into the pipeline in two samples The first sample is latched and at the next sample both...

Page 260: ...nsitions than are really there This causes the analyzer to store 6 samples per transition three 34 bit sample pairs instead of just two as in the 125 MHz mode If all the transitions will be stored in this way throughout the trace the minimum number of stored transitions is 682 4096 6 However as you see with time tags 7 000 000 and 8 001 001 transitions can fall between the pairs of samples When th...

Page 261: ...which also contains a transition The difference between the sample pairs of time tag 1 and time tag 2 will trigger the transition detector If this were to continue throughout the trace the analyzer would store a single sample for the entire 4 K of memory or 4096 samples Again subtract one for the initial sample which is not a transition for a final total of 4095 transitions recorded As with the 12...

Page 262: ...od pair will more than likely increase data storage time Separating data lines which contain frequent transitions from lines with less frequent transitions also helps When doing this be sure to cross pod pair boundaries It does not help to move fast lines from pod 1 to pod 2 fast lines must be moved to pod 3 a different pod pair In the 250 MHz mode a transition on any one of 17 bits half channel e...

Page 263: ... trigger sequence acts as a filtering mechanism with a minimum of two steps and a maximum of twelve steps in the state analyzer and ten steps in the timing analyzer Some trigger macros may use more than one step The steps are the sequence level specifications The analyzer searches for a trigger sequence by matching input values on the pods to branch conditions which control transitions between seq...

Page 264: ...on Trigger On Specification State analyzer sequence with four states Sequence advance specification The sequence advance branch sometimes called the if branch or primary branch always branches to the next level You can specify the following kinds of sequence advance specifications Find or Then find TERM OCCURS time S Find or Then find TERM TIME PERIOD If the TERM is found OCCURS number of times or...

Page 265: ...ate or TERM Note that if you specify no state the analyzer still stores sequence advance terms and trigger terms unless you also set Branches Taken Not Stored in Acquisition Control in the Analyzer Trigger menu Trigger on specification If there are branch and storage specifications for each sequence level what does the trigger term mean The trigger term is a special sequence advance specification ...

Page 266: ...of values to be found on labeled sets of bits For example you could have a range of addresses to be found on the address bus or a range of data values to be found on the data bus Range terms are satisfied by any value within the range for In_Range and any value outside the range for Out_Range 2 edge terms timing analyzer only The edge terms Edge1 and Edge2 represent edges The edge terms can be set...

Page 267: ...in the logic analyzer Remember that some resources may not be available depending on the analyzer configuration For example if you are using the analyzer as a state analyzer the Edge1 and Edge2 resources are not available and only one analyzer may use a resource at a time Resource Combination Hierarchy Group Pair Resource Operation Resource Pair Links Group Link Group 1 Pair 1 Off On Negate a Comb...

Page 268: ...e1 terms The following combination is not valid because pairs cross group boundaries a b h In_Range2 j xor Timer2 400 ns Although the analyzer interface will not allow you to enter invalid combinations you need to be aware of what combinations are legal so that you can make the desired measurement Another limitation is that the analyzer cannot handle ranging for input pods that are assigned to dif...

Page 269: ...l resources Edge1 and Edge2 Edge1 and Edge2 recognize occurrences of a glitch rising edge falling edge either edge or no edge on a bit or ORed set of bits State analyzer When you configure a state analyzer the trigger sequence follows the general outlines given previously The trigger sequence of the state analyzer differs from the timing analyzer in the following ways There are 12 levels available...

Page 270: ...figuration into a model that supports configuration translation and was released after the original analyzer the translator will adjust the configuration as required to account for differences between the models The configuration translator needs to account for many aspects of the analyzer architecture Some of the considerations are as follows When a range term is split across multiple pods the te...

Page 271: ...elp you identify which analyzer pods must be swapped If you are using an HP preprocessor the preprocessor User s Guide may contain information showing the cable connections for different analyzer models Review all trace format and trigger menu settings to verify that they will meet your measurement requirements You should check label assignments channel masks pattern and range definitions sequence...

Page 272: ...on in this section is to help you understand how the logic analyzer operates and what the self tests are testing This information is not intended for component level repair The block level theory is divided into two parts theory for the logic analyzer and theory for the acquisition boards A block diagram is shown with each theory 9 21 ...

Page 273: ...HP 1660CS series analyzer theory HP 1660C CS logic analyzer The Analyzer Hardware HP 1660CS series analyzer theory 9 22 ...

Page 274: ...m on flash ROM Then if the operating system is in flash ROM the instrument will be initialized with the default configuration and await front panel instructions from you If the operating system is not in flash ROM the CPU accesses the disk drives to see if the operating system is on the disks The DRAM stores the instrument configuration acquired data to be processed and any inverse assembler loade...

Page 275: ...me time the controller also receives serial data and converts the data to parallel data characters for the microprocessor The controller contains a baud rate generator that can be programmed from the logic analyzer front panel Other RS 232 C communications parameters can also be programmed from the logic analyzer front panel The drivers receivers interface the instrument with data communications e...

Page 276: ... consists of two 17 channel pods which are connected to the circuit board using a high density connector Sixteen single ended data channels and one single ended clock data channel per pod are passed to the circuit board If the clock data channel is not used as a state clock in state The Analyzer Hardware Logic acquisition board theory 9 25 ...

Page 277: ...inations also improve signal integrity to the comparators by matching the impedance of the probe cable channels with the impedance of the signal paths of the circuit board All 17 channels of each pod are terminated in the same way The signals are reduced by a factor of 10 Comparators Two proprietary 9 channel comparators per pod interpret the incoming data and clock signals as either high or low d...

Page 278: ...mp drivers make up the threshold circuit Each of the eight channels of the DAC is individually programmable which allows you to set the thresholds of the individual pods The 16 data channels and the clock channel of each pod are all set to the same threshold voltage Test and clock synchronization circuit ECLinPS ICs are used in the test and clock synchronization circuit for reliability and low cha...

Page 279: ...Oscilloscope board theory Oscilloscope board The Analyzer Hardware Oscilloscope board theory 9 28 ...

Page 280: ...d provides the output signal to the main assembly The output signal is then sent to both the trigger circuitry and ADC Oscilloscope acquisition The acquisition circuitry provides the sampling digitizing and storing of the signals from the channel attenuators The channels are identical Trigger signals from each channel and the external triggers synchronize acquisition through the time base circuitr...

Page 281: ...eference oscillator provides the base sample frequency The time base hybrid has programmable dividers to provide the rest of the sample frequencies appropriate for the time range selected The time base uses the time stretched output of the fine interpolator to time reference the sampling to the trigger point The time base has counters to control how much data is taken before pre trigger data and a...

Page 282: ...probe compensation signal a pulse representing the trigger event signals used for self calibration or the 100 MHz reference oscillator when sample period is 1 ns DC Cal The DC Cal output a rear panel signal is used for self calibration It is one output from the 16 channel DAC Digital Interface The Digital Interface provides control and interface between the system control and digital functions in ...

Page 283: ...ic analyzer actually displays the power up self test screen Both the system ROM and RAM are tested during power up The interrupt test is performed after the power up self test screen is displayed The functional performance verification self tests are run using a separate operating system the performance verification PV operating system The PV operating system resides on a separate disk that must b...

Page 284: ...10 Troubleshooting ...

Page 285: ...ppear on the logic analyzer are listed below in quotes Symptoms are listed without quotes If you still have difficulty using the analyzer after trying the suggestions in this chapter please contact your local Hewlett Packard Service Center C AU TI O N When you are working with the analyzer be sure to power down both the analyzer and the target system before disconnecting or connecting cables probe...

Page 286: ...tegrity of the data lines Clock signals for the state analyzer must meet particular pulse shape and timing requirements Data inputs for the analyzer must meet pulse shape and setup and hold time requirements See Also See Capacitive Loading in this section for information on other sources of intermittent data errors Unwanted triggers Unwanted triggers can be caused by instructions that were fetched...

Page 287: ...pacitive loading as can custom probe fixtures you design for your application To reduce loading remove as many pin protectors extenders and adapters as possible Careful layout of your target system can minimize loading problems and result in better margins for your design This is especially important for systems that are running at frequencies greater than 50 MHz No trace list display If there is ...

Page 288: ...equence for the preprocessor and target system 1 Power up the analyzer and preprocessor 2 Power up the target system If you power up the target system before you power up the preprocessor interface circuitry in the preprocessor may latch up preventing proper target system operation Verify that the microprocessor and the preprocessor interface are properly rotated and aligned so that the index pin ...

Page 289: ...lyzer cables from the preprocessor and measure across pins 1 and 2 or pins 39 and 40 If 5 V is not present check the internal preprocessor fuse or current limiting circuit on the logic analyzer For information on checking this fuse or circuit refer to the HP 1660C CS Logic Analyzers Service Guide If 5 V is present and the cable connection to the preprocessor appears sound contact your nearest Hewl...

Page 290: ...arget system meets the timing requirements of the processor with the preprocessor probe installed See Capacitive Loading in this chapter While preprocessor loading is slight pin protectors extenders and adapters may increase it to unacceptable levels If the target system design has poor timing margins such loading may cause incorrect processor functioning giving erratic trace results Ensure that y...

Page 291: ...he top of the display not at the input cursor and pressing the Invasm key Because the inverse assembler works from the first line of the trace display if you jump to the middle of a trace and select Invasm prior trace states are not disassembled correctly If you move to several random places in the trace list and select Invasm each time the trace disassembly is only guaranteed to be correct from t...

Page 292: ...ill get inverse assembly but it may be incorrect since some of the execution trace was not visible to the logic analyzer Verify that storage qualification has not excluded storage of all the needed opcodes and operands Inverse assembler will not load or run You need to ensure that you have the correct system software loaded on your analyzer Ensure that the inverse assembler is on the same disk as ...

Page 293: ...ration File Loaded This is usually caused by trying to load a configuration file for one type of module or the system into a different type of module Verify that the appropriate module has been selected as the target of the Load operation Selecting Load All will cause incorrect operation when loading most preprocessor interface configuration files See Also To Load a Measurement Configuration in ch...

Page 294: ...e proper connectors See the User s Guide for your preprocessor interface to determine the proper connections Waiting for Trigger If a trigger pattern is specified this message indicates that the specified trigger pattern has not occurred Verify that the triggering pattern is correctly set When analyzing microprocessors that fetch only from long word aligned addresses if the trigger condition is se...

Page 295: ...ation of data is not possible To time correlate data it must be stored with time tags Set the Count field in the Analyzer Trigger menu to Time Maximum of 32 channels per label You have tried to assign more than 32 channels to a single label Unassign some of the channels If you need more than 32 channels to specify trigger conditions you can AND terms in the Analyzer Trigger menu Error Messages Mus...

Page 296: ...off Timer is specified in sequence but never started This message often appears with Timer is off in sequence level n where it is used but is not quite the same That message refers to a particular sequence level but this message is a general warning that the timer has not been set to Start in any level Start the timer in one of the levels before where it is used Inverse assembler not loaded bad ob...

Page 297: ...Operator s Service or the HP 1660C CS Series Logic Analyzers Service Guide for information on running the Performance Verification test Warning Run HALTED due to variable change This message appears when certain analyzer settings are changed during a repetitive run When this occurs the analyzer stops Error Messages Measurement Initialization Error 10 14 ...

Page 298: ...11 Specifications ...

Page 299: ...e different part numbers Accessories supplied HP part number Qty Probe tip assemblies 01650 61608 Note 1 Probe cables 01660 61605 Note 2 Grabbers 20 per pack 5090 4356 Note 1 Probe ground 5 per pack 5959 9334 Note 1 Logic Analyzer Training Kit E2433 60009 1 HP 1660CS User s Guide 01660 99019 1 Symbol Utility disk and manual E2450A 1 Accessories pouch 01660 84501 1 RS 232 C loopback connector 01650...

Page 300: ...er clock time 10 0 ns Minimum glitch width 3 5 ns Threshold accuracy 100 mV 3 of threshold setting Setup Hold time Single clock single edge 0 0 3 5 ns through 3 5 0 0 ns adjustable in 500 ps increments Single clock multiple edges 0 0 4 0 ns through 4 0 0 0 ns adjustable in 500 ps increments Multiple clocks multiple edges 0 0 4 5 ns through 4 5 0 0 ns adjustable in 500 ps increments Specified for a...

Page 301: ...ll scale offset accuracy accuracy accuracy 3 3 0 008 x V div Trigger sensitivity Trigger sensitivity dc to 50 MHz 0 063 x full scale dc to 50 MHz 0 063 x full scale 50 to 250 MHz 0 125 x full scale 50 to 250 MHz 0 125 x full scale Input R selectable Input R selectable 1 MΩ 1 50 Ω 1 1 Upper bandwidth reduces by 2 5 MHz for every degree C above 35 C 2 Specification applies to the maximum sampling ra...

Page 302: ...uded as additional information Maximum sample rate Maximum sample rate 1 Gigasample per second Number of channels Number of channels 2 Rise Time Rise Time 1 1 1 4 ns ADC ADC 8 bit real time Vertical resolution Vertical resolution 8 bits over 4 vertical divisions 0 4 Waveform record length Waveform record length 8000 points Vertical dc gain accuracy Vertical dc gain accuracy 2 2 1 25 of full scale ...

Page 303: ... is 100 MHz When all pods are assigned to a state or timing machine time or state tags halve the memory depth Timing analysis Sample period accuracy 0 01 of sample period Channel to channel skew 2 ns typical Time interval accuracy sample period channel to channel skew 0 01 time reading Triggering Sequence speed 125 MHz maximum State sequence levels 12 Timing sequence levels 10 Maximum occurrence c...

Page 304: ...ubsequent runs in repetitive mode Stop halts acquisition of data and does not change the current display Trace mode Single mode acquires data once per trace specification Repetitive mode repeats single mode acquisitions until Stop is pressed or until the time interval between two specified patterns is less than or greater than a specified value or within or not within a specified range Indicators ...

Page 305: ...form and the trigger two points on the same timing waveform two points on different waveforms or two states time tagging on Delta states state analyzer only The X and O markers measure the number of tagged states between one state and trigger or between two states Patterns The X and O markers can be used to locate the nth occurrence of a specified pattern from trigger or from the beginning of data...

Page 306: ...ximum safe input 1 MΩ 250 V dc peak ac 10 KHz CAT II voltage voltage 50 Ω 5 VRMS Channel to channel Channel to channel dc to 50 MHz 40 dB 50 MHz to 250 MHz 30 dB isolation isolation Timebase Range Range 1 ns div to 5 s div 1 ns div to 5 s div Resolution Resolution 20 ps 20 ps Delay pre trigger range Delay pre trigger range Time div setting Time div setting Available delay Available delay 1 µs to 5...

Page 307: ...pecified pattern across one or both channels Auto trigger If enabled the module will self trigger if no trigger condition is found within approximately 50 ms after arming Events delay The trigger can be set to occur on the nth edge or pattern as specified by the user The number of events n can be set from 1 to 32 000 events Maximum count frequency is 70 MHz Intermodule Arms another measurement mod...

Page 308: ...t the dots Provides a display of the sample points connected by straight lines Waveform reconstruction When there is insufficient data to fill every horizontal location a post acquisition reconstruction filter fills in missing data points for time base 50 ns div Waveform math Display capability of A B and A B functions is provided Measurement and display functions Time markers Two vertical markers...

Page 309: ...cy Rise time pulse width Period Fall time pulse width V p p Preshoot V amplitude Overshoot gives difference between top and base voltages only available over the HP IB bus Grid Graticules can be displayed in background of waveform Setup aids Autoscale Autoscales the vertical and horizontal ranges offset and trigger level to display the input signals Requires a frequency between 50 Hz and 250 MHz P...

Page 310: ... cables up to 80 relative humidity at 40 C 122 F Altitude Altitude To 3067 m 10 000 ft Vibration Vibration Operating Operating Random vibration 5 to 500 Hz 10 minutes per axis 0 3 g rms Non operating Non operating Random vibration 5 to 500 Hz 10 minutes per axis 2 41 g rms and swept sine resonant search 5 to 500 Hz 0 75 g 0 peak 5 minute resonant dwell at 4 resonances per axis Dimensions Specifica...

Page 311: ...11 14 ...

Page 312: ...12 Operator s Service ...

Page 313: ... analyzer for use and contains self tests and flow charts used for troubleshooting the logic analyzer The HP 1660C CS Series Logic Analyzers Service Guide contains detailed service procedures Service guides can be ordered through your HP Sales Office they are not shipped with the logic analyzer 12 2 ...

Page 314: ...or malfunction Provide protection against internal condensation The logic analyzer will operate at all specifications within the temperature and humidity range given in chapter 11 However reliability is enhanced when operating the logic analyzer within the following ranges Temperature 20 C to 35 C 68 F to 95 F Humidity 20 to 80 noncondensing Storage Store or ship the logic analyzer in environments...

Page 315: ...lett Packard Sales Office Arrangements for repair or replacement are made at Hewlett Packard s option without waiting for a claim settlement To apply power 1 Check that the line voltage selector located on the rear panel is on the correct setting and the correct fuse is installed See also To set the line voltage on the next page 2 Connect the power cord to the instrument and to the power source Th...

Page 316: ...when performing any service to the logic analyzer 1 Turn the power off then remove the power cord from the instrument 2 Remove the fuse module by carefully prying at the top center of the fuse module until you can grasp it and pull it out by hand 3 Reinsert the fuse module with the arrow for the appropriate line voltage aligned with the arrow on the line filter assembly switch 4 Reconnect the powe...

Page 317: ... of the logic analyzer Harsh soap might damage the water base paint Do not immerse the logic analyzer in water To test the logic analyzer If you require a test to verify the specifications the HP 1660C CS Series Logic Analyzers Service Guide is required Start at the beginning of chapter 3 Testing Performance If you require a test to initially accept the operation perform the self tests described i...

Page 318: ... Model Part Qty Cable 2 BNC 9 inch equal length HP 10502A 1 Cable 50 Ω BNC m to m 48 inch HP 10503A 1 Adapter BNC tee m f f HP 1250 0781 1 Adapter BNC f f ug 914 u HP 1250 0080 1 Set up the equipment Turn on the logic analyzer Let it warm up for 30 minutes if you have not already done so 12 7 ...

Page 319: ...ibration menu 2 Select the Mode field then select Service Cal from the pop up menu 3 Select the Procedure field then select Default Values from the pop up menu 4 Select the Start field and follow the instructions on the display After you select the Start field you can abort the calibration procedure by selecting either the Mode or Procedure fields if the Continue field is still displayed on the sc...

Page 320: ...t the cables to the appropriate locations on the rear panel of the instrument b Select the Mode field then select Self Cal from the pop up menu c Select the Procedure field then select Vert Cal from the pop up menu d Select the Channel field then select a channel choice from the pop up menu e Select the Start field and follow the instructions on the display f After completion of Vertical Calibrati...

Page 321: ...tart field and follow the instructions on the display d After completion of the Time Null calibration remove the cables from the instrument 4 Calibrate the Logic Trigger of the Self Cal a Obtain a BNC 50 Ω 48 inch cable b Select Start The instrument will prompt you to connect the cable to the appropriate location on the rear panel of the instrument c Select the Procedure field then select Logic Tr...

Page 322: ...tructions and tests If you suspect a problem start at the top of the first flowchart During the troubleshooting instructions the flowcharts will direct you to perform other tests This instrument can be returned to Hewlett Packard for all service work including troubleshooting Contact your nearest Hewlett Packard Sales Office for more details 12 11 ...

Page 323: ...gic analyzer The flowcharts refer to other tests to help isolate the trouble The circled letters on the charts indicate connections with the other flowcharts Start your troubleshooting at the top of the first flowchart Troubleshooting Flowchart 1 Troubleshooting To use the flowcharts 12 12 ...

Page 324: ...Troubleshooting Flowchart 2 Troubleshooting To use the flowcharts 12 13 ...

Page 325: ...nto the flexible disk drive 2 Let the instrument warm up for a few minutes then cycle power by turning off then turning on the power switch If the instrument is not warmed up the power up test screen will complete before you can view the screen 3 As the tests complete check if they pass or fail The Flexible Disk Test reports No Disk if a disk is not in the disk drive Performing Power Up Self Tests...

Page 326: ... SYSTEM subdirectory on the hard disk drive If they have not already been copied insert the PV disk in the flexible disk drive before starting this procedure 1 If you just did the power up self tests go to step 2 If you did not just do the power up self tests disconnect all inputs then turn on the power switch Wait until the power up tests are complete 2 Press the System key then select the field ...

Page 327: ...he system tests 5 Select ROM Test The ROM Test screen is displayed You can run all tests at one time by running All System Tests To see more details about each test you can run each test individually This example shows how to run an individual test Troubleshooting To run the self tests 12 16 ...

Page 328: ...en select Single To run a test continuously select Repetitive Select Stop to halt a repetitive test For a Single run the test runs one time and the screen shows the results Troubleshooting To run the self tests 12 17 ...

Page 329: ...g key on the screen will change from a light to a dark color b Test the knob by turning it in both directions c Note any failures then press the Done key a second time to exit the Front Panel Test The test screen shows the Front Panel Test status changed to TESTED 10 Select the Display Test A white grid pattern is displayed These display screens can be used to adjust the display a Select Continue ...

Page 330: ...ividually This example shows how to run Chip 2 Tests Chip 3 4 and 5 Tests operate the same as Chip 2 Tests 12 In the Chip 2 Tests menu select Run then select Single The test runs one time then the screen shows the results When the test is finished select Done Then perform the other Chip Tests To run a test continuously select Repetitive Select Stop to halt a Run Repetitive Troubleshooting To run t...

Page 331: ...are finished select Done 14 Select Data Input Inspection All lines should show activity Select Done to exit the Data Input Inspection 15 Select Analy PV then select Scope PV in the pop up menu Select Functional Tests Troubleshooting To run the self tests 12 20 ...

Page 332: ...he test runs one time then the screen shows the results When the test is finished select Done To run a test continuously select Repetitive Select Stop to halt a Repetitive Run 15 To exit the tests press the System key Select the field to the right of the Sys PV field 16 Select the Exit Test System If you are performing the self tests as part of the troubleshooting flowchart return to the flowchart...

Page 333: ...short is removed the circuit will reset in approximately 1 minute There should be 5 V after the 1 minute reset time Equipment Required Equipment Critical Specifications Recommended Model Part Digital Multimeter 0 1 mV resolution better than 0 005 accuracy HP 3478A Using the multimeter verify the 5 V on pins 1 and 39 of the probe cables Troubleshooting To test the auxiliary power 12 22 ...

Page 334: ... or more transitions across the logic threshold between consecutive samples label A name for a group of func tionally related channels Three common labels which are required by HP preprocessor interface inverse assemblers are ADDR DATA and STAT If a label is on it appears in all display menus and the Trigger menu enabling you to quickly dis play store or trigger on information of interest See also...

Page 335: ...the CYCLE la bel includes the symbols I O READ and I O WRITE term a could be I O READ and term b could be I O WRITE and the trigger storage macro could be to start storing at term a and stop storing at term b trace The record of target system activity stored by the state or timing analyzer This record can be dis played as either a waveform or a listing See also listing and wave form trigger A refe...

Page 336: ...he Symbols op tion in the Format menu This is the standard symbol capability of the HP logic analyzer See also OMF Symbol Table waveform An oscilloscope like dis play of a trace Because analyzers only record whether a line is low or high at the time of sampling the waveforms are sharp square waves rather than the rough curves of an oscilloscope See also listing and trace Glossary Glossary 3 ...

Page 337: ...Glossary 4 ...

Page 338: ...easurements 7 98 display 7 97 to 7 98 Falltime 7 101 Frequency 7 100 Input field 7 97 measurement setup requirements 7 98 measurements available 1 8 3 9 7 97 Overshoot 7 101 Period 7 100 Preshoot 7 101 Risetime 7 101 things to remember 7 98 top and base voltages 7 99 Vp_p 7 100 Automatic measurements display 7 97 to 7 98 Automatic time markers at Level field default value 7 91 Occur field default ...

Page 339: ...s duplicating knob motion 7 16 D Data correlating 1 8 triggering on bad 5 11 Data bits 7 28 Data bus 3 20 Data points on the horizontal axis 7 99 Data sorting 8 8 and sampling 8 10 8 12 8 15 Date Changing 7 29 Default time 7 29 Degaussing the display 12 6 Delay field 4 18 7 56 7 73 negative positive 7 60 Delay time reference point 7 73 Delay by events triggering 7 83 Delete 7 23 Description config...

Page 340: ... Images 6 8 Immediate trigger mode 7 80 Independent clocks 5 31 Independent mode Intermodule menu 7 55 Initialization code 5 8 Input field automatic measurements 7 97 Input impedance See Coupling field Input voltage for probes 7 11 Inspection 12 4 Interface Centronics 7 28 HP IB 7 27 RS 232 C 7 27 Interleaved trace lists 5 30 mixed display 7 63 setting up 5 31 Interleaving 4 10 Interrupt processin...

Page 341: ...ates 9 12 Minimum time interval measurements 7 92 Mixed Display mode 4 10 setting up 5 32 to 5 33 Mixed Display menu 5 30 7 63 to 7 64 interleaving state listings 7 63 markers 7 64 time correlated displays 7 64 Modify trigger field 7 43 Mouse 2 3 pointer 2 3 N No state 5 4 9 14 Normal display mode See Display mode 7 76 Not 9 14 Number of samples per range 8 13 O Occur field 7 91 Occur field range ...

Page 342: ...g See HP 1660C CS Logic Analyzers Programmers Guide Protocol defined 7 28 Pulse limits test minimum and maximum 5 18 Purge 7 23 R Range specifiers 8 12 Range terms 9 15 Real Time Clock Adjustment 7 29 Recursive call triggering 5 8 Reference Listing field 7 68 Registers verifying correct storage 5 13 Rename 7 23 Repetitive measurements automating 6 4 Resource terms 7 51 to 7 53 assigning 7 52 7 53 ...

Page 343: ...32 State mode and memory 7 32 State Overview Mode 8 4 8 9 choosing a label to monitor 8 21 data sampling and sorting 8 10 example 8 11 interpreting the Histogram Display 8 23 operating characteristics 8 4 selecting 8 6 specifying low and high values 8 22 total count 8 10 using 8 21 using the markers 8 23 X axis scaling 8 9 Y axis scaling 8 10 zooming in on an area of interest 8 23 State tags 4 11 ...

Page 344: ...point 7 79 positioning in memory 4 18 5 25 sequence levels 7 43 setting the trigger point 7 81 shown in display 3 14 source 7 82 store qualification 4 17 terms 4 4 trigger level voltage value 7 81 trigger point range 7 81 Trigger Position field 7 56 Trigger sequence 9 2 9 12 Trigger term 9 14 Trigger Menu count field 7 57 Trigger Mode field 7 79 to 7 87 Trigger point 7 89 location 7 72 Trigger qua...

Page 345: ...veform menu 3 14 7 60 to 7 62 accumulate field 7 60 delay field 7 60 waveform display 7 62 Waveform reconstruction 7 60 Waveforms viewing with trace lists 5 32 When field 7 85 to 7 86 X X and O markers 8 10 O Mark count 8 10 Trig to X field 7 88 X Mark count 8 10 X axis 8 4 8 9 high value 8 9 low value 8 9 Xon Xoff 7 28 Y Y axis 8 5 8 10 maximum value 8 5 Index Index 8 ...

Page 346: ...t use repaired fuses or short circuited fuseholders To do so could cause a shock or fire hazard Service instructions are for trained service personnel To avoid dangerous electric shock do not perform any service unless qualified to do so Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present If you energize this instrument by...

Page 347: ...urpose Exclusive Remedies The remedies provided herein are the buyer s sole and exclusive remedies Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett Packard products For any assist...

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