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Chapter 5) 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide

©2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited

Chapter 5 Page 20 of 24

6.3 Optional Fibre Optic Connections

Where fitted rear Data Comms ports 3 and 4 comprise Fibre–Optic ST™ (BFOC/2.5) bayonet connectors-4 per
product. 62.5 / 125 m glass fibre is recommended for all lead lengths.

When installing fibre, ensure that the fibres’ bend radii comply with the recommended minimum for the fibre used-
typically 50mm is acceptable.

The fibre optic data comms link will be interrupted if the relay element is withdrawn from the case.

Computer or

Control System

Sigma 1

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

62.5/125

µm

fibre optic

with ST connectors

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Tx

Rx

Master

To

Control
System

USB or 9 pin male

D connector

RS232 straight

Through cable

25 pin male

D connector

Figure 6.3-1 Data Comms to Multiple Devices Using Sigma 1 and F.O. Star Network

Figure 6.3-2 Data Comms to Multiple Devices Using Sigma 3 and F.O. Ring Network

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Summary of Contents for 7SR242 Duobias

Page 1: ...Answers for energy 7SR242 Duobias Transformer Protection Relay Reyrolle Protection Devices ...

Page 2: ...2 ...

Page 3: ...ts Technical Manual Chapters 1 Description of Operation 2 Settings Configuration Instruments 3 Performance Specification 4 Data Communications 5 Installation 6 Commissioning and Maintenance 7 Applications Guide ...

Page 4: ...4 ...

Page 5: ...c 3 Revisions to VT ratio settings 87BD 1st bias slope limit setting incre ments CB fail function LED CONFIG menu DATA STORAGE menu Added Open circuit detection 46BC CONTROL MODE menu Close circuit supervision 74CCS Measured earth fault undercurrent 37G Pulsed output contacts 2008 07 2662H80001R3d 2c Demand metering Optional DNP3 0 data comms 2008 05 2662H80001R3 2b First Release Hardware Revision...

Page 6: ...6 www siemens com energy ...

Page 7: ...er such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 7SR242 Duobias Multi Function 2 Winding Transformer Protection Relay Description of Operation Document Release History This document is issue 2015 11 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2015 11 7SR2424 added RS485 comms termin...

Page 8: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 2 of 60 ...

Page 9: ...me Delayed Overcurrent Protection 51 29 3 3 Current Protection Derived Earth Fault 50N 51N 30 3 3 1 Instantaneous Derived Earth Fault Protection 50N 30 3 3 2 Time Delayed Derived Earth Fault Protection 51N 31 3 4 Current Protection Measured Earth Fault 50G 51G 32 3 4 1 Instantaneous Measured Earth Fault Protection 50G 32 3 4 2 Time Delayed Measured Earth Fault Protection 51G 33 3 5 Current Protect...

Page 10: ... 6 3 1 Output Matrix Test 54 6 3 2 CB Counters 54 6 3 3 I2 t CB Wear 54 6 4 Data Storage 55 6 4 1 General 55 6 4 2 Event Records 55 6 4 3 Waveform Records 55 6 4 4 Fault Data Records 56 6 4 5 Demand Data Log 56 6 5 Metering 56 6 6 Operating Mode 57 6 7 Control Mode 57 6 8 Real Time Clock 58 6 8 1 Time Synchronisation Data Comms 58 6 8 2 Time Synchronisation Binary Input 58 6 8 3 Time Synchronisati...

Page 11: ...Instantaneous Earth fault Element 32 Figure 3 10 Logic Diagram Time Delayed Measured Earth Fault Element 51G 33 Figure 3 11 Logic Diagram High Impedance REF 64H 34 Figure 3 12 Logic Diagram Open Circuit Function 46BC 35 Figure 3 13 Logic Diagram Negative Phase Sequence Overcurrent 46NPS 36 Figure 3 14 Logic Diagram Undercurrent Detector 37 37G 37 Figure 3 15 Logic Diagram Thermal Overload Protecti...

Page 12: ... Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 6 of 60 Symbols and Nomenclature The following notational and formatting conventions are used within the remainder of this document Setting Menu Location MAIN MENU SUB MENU Setting Elem name Setting Setting value value Alternatives 1st 2nd 3rd ...

Page 13: ...t Transformer Circuits The secondary circuit of a live CT must not be open circuited Non observance of this precaution can result in injury to personnel or damage to equipment External Resistors Where external resistors are fitted to relays these may present a danger of electric shock or burns if touched Fibre Optic Communication Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted these should not ...

Page 14: ...sion plus additional rear RS485 x1 and IRIG B 3 1 2 Standard version plus additional rear RS232 x1 and IRIG B 4 1 2 Standard version plus additional rear Electrical Ethernet RJ45 x2 7 7 Standard version plus additional rear Optical Ethernet Duplex x2 8 7 Protocol IEC 60870 5 103 and Modbus RTU user selectable setting 1 IEC 60870 5 103 Modbus RTU and DNP 3 0 user selectable 2 IEC 60870 5 103 Modbus...

Page 15: ...lus 24 Overfluxing 27 59 Under overvoltage 59N Neutral voltage displacement 81 Under overfrequency 37 37G Undercurrent 46BC Open circuit 46NPS Negative phase sequence overcurrent 49 Thermal overload 50 Instantaneous phase fault overcurrent 50G 50N Instantaneous earth fault 51 Time delayed phase fault overcurrent 51G 51N Time delayed earth fault C Additional Functionality No Additional Functionalit...

Page 16: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 10 of 60 Figure 1 1 Function Diagram 7SR242n 2aAnn 0AA0 Relay ...

Page 17: ... 37 x2 49 50 x2 51 x2 50 BF 1 37 x2 49 50 x2 51 x2 50 BF 1 37 x2 49 50 x2 51 x2 50 BF 1 50N x2 51N x2 46 BC x2 37 49 37 49 37 49 50N 50 BF 2 50 BF 2 50 BF 2 46 NPS 51N 51 51 51 50 50 50 50G 51G 64H 81 HBL2 81 HBL 2 81 HBL 2 81 HBL5 81 HBL5 81 HBL5 Each function element can be assigned to W1 or W2 CT inputs NOTE The use of some functions are mutually exclusive 37G x2 50 BF 1 I4 37G 50 BF 2 I4 74 CC...

Page 18: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 12 of 60 Figure 1 3 Function Diagram 7SR242n 2aAnn 0CA0 Relay ...

Page 19: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 13 of 60 RS485 Figure 1 4 Connection Diagram 7SR242 Relay ...

Page 20: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 14 of 60 ...

Page 21: ... x Binary Inputs 4 Analogue Input module B 5 x Current 1 x Voltage 5 Power Supply and basic Binary Input BI and Binary Output BO 6 Optional Binary Input Output Module 7 Optional Binary Input Module 8 Optional data comms module 2 2 Case The relays are housed in cases designed to fit directly into standard panel racks The complete relay assembly is withdrawable from the front of the case Contacts in...

Page 22: ...20V dc In the event of the station battery voltage level falling below the relay minimum operate level the PSU will automatically switch itself off and latch out this prevents any PSU overload conditions occurring The PSU is reset by switching the auxiliary supply off then on Typically the PSU is connected to the auxiliary supply via an external HRC fuse rated at 6A BS88 IEC60259 Isolation links m...

Page 23: ...extinguished when no buttons are pressed for a user defined period A setting within the SYSTEM CONFIG menu allows the timeout to be adjusted from 1 to 60 minutes and Off backlight permanently on After an hour the display is completely de activated Pressing any key will re activate the display The LCD contrast can be adjusted using a flat blade screwdriver to turn the screw located below the contra...

Page 24: ...sed legends Each LED can be user programmed as hand or self resetting Hand reset LEDs can be reset by either pressing the TEST RESET button energising a suitably programmed binary input or by sending an appropriate command over the data communications channel s The status of hand reset LEDs is maintained by a back up storage capacitor in the event of an interruption to the d c supply voltage The l...

Page 25: ...s operated from a suitably rated dc supply Relays are fitted with 9 or 19 binary inputs BI The user can assign any binary input to any of the available functions INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX The Power Supply module includes the relay basic I O The module includes 3 x BI Pick up PU and drop off DO time delays are associated with each binary input Where no pick up time delay has been applied the input ...

Page 26: ...cts will be open circuited This should be considered in the design of the control and protection circuitry Notes on Self Reset Outputs Outputs reset after the initiate condition is removed they are subject to the user definable Minimum Operate Time setting With a failed breaker condition the relay may remain operated until current flow in the primary system is interrupted by an upstream device The...

Page 27: ... 2 10 Virtual Input Outputs The relays have 16 virtual input outputs these are internal logic states Virtual I O is assigned in the same way as physical Binary Inputs and Binary Outputs Virtual I O is mapped from within the INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX and OUTPUT CONFIG OUTPUT MATRIX menus The status of virtual I O is not stored during power loss ...

Page 28: ...s of start up are monitored by the relay 1 power on starts auxiliary supply initiation 2 expected starts user initiated via comms language changes custom protection curve etc 3 unexpected starts caused by the relay watchdog Any combination of these can be selected for the start up count This is done in the MAINTENANCE MENU START COUNT menu using the Start Up Types setting All the start up types se...

Page 29: ...ied to the current differential elements 3 1 1 ICT The Wn ICT Multiplier setting is applied to the line currents the CT secondary currents The multiplier is used to correct any CT ratio mismatch so that ideally nominal current ICTOUT 1A is applied to the biased differential algorithm The Wn ICT Connection setting applies the correct vector compensation to the current applied to the differential al...

Page 30: ...87BD Initial setting defines the minimum differential current required to operate the relay The 87BD 1st Bias Slope setting is used to ensure protection stability in the presence of steady state errors e g the effects of an on load tap changer The 87BD 1st Bias Slope Limit setting defines the border between the 1st and 2nd bias slopes 87BD 2nd Bias Slope Type setting allows the user to select the ...

Page 31: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 25 of 60 Figure 3 2 Functional Diagram for Biased Current Differential Protection ...

Page 32: ...ed to the differential highset elements The differential highset elements calculate the operate current for each phase from the vector sum of winding 1 and winding 2 currents i e IOPERATE IW1 IW2 87HS Setting defines the differential current required to operate the element The output of 87HS Delay can be mapped to relay outputs Operation of the highset differential elements can be inhibited from I...

Page 33: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 27 of 60 Figure 3 4 Logic Diagram High Set Current Differential Protection ...

Page 34: ...ed to either winding 1 or winding 2 Each instantaneous element 50 n has independent settings 50 n Setting for pick up current and 50 n Delay follower time delay The instantaneous elements have transient free operation Operation of the instantaneous overcurrent elements can be inhibited from Inhibit 50 n A binary or virtual input 50 n Inrush Action Inhibit Operation of the inrush detector function ...

Page 35: ...perating curves is given in Chapter 2 Settings Configuration and Instruments Guide Operating curve characteristics are illustrated in Chapter 3 Performance Specification The 51 n Reset setting can apply a definite time delayed reset or when configured as an ANSI characteristic an ANSI DECAYING reset If ANSI DECAYING reset is selected for an IEC characteristic the reset will be instantaneous The re...

Page 36: ...Optionally two instantaneous derived earth fault elements are provided each can be selected to either winding 1 or winding 2 Each instantaneous element has independent settings for pick up current 50N n Setting and a follower time delay 50N n Delay The instantaneous elements have transient free operation Operation of the instantaneous earth fault elements can be inhibited from Inhibit 50N nt A bin...

Page 37: ...y DTL can be chosen using 51N n Char When Delay DTL is selected the time multiplier is not applied and the 51N n Delay DTL setting is used instead The 51N n Reset setting can apply a definite time delayed or ANSI DECAYING reset The reset mode is significant where the characteristic has reset before issuing a trip output see Applications Guide A minimum operate time for the characteristic can be se...

Page 38: ... Protection 50G Optionally two instantaneous measured earth fault elements are provided each can be selected to either winding 1 or winding 2 Each instantaneous element has independent settings for pick up current 50G n Setting and a follower time delay 50G n Delay The instantaneous elements have transient free operation Operation of the instantaneous measured earth fault elements can be inhibited...

Page 39: ... 51G n Reset setting can apply a definite time delayed or ANSI DECAYING reset The reset mode is significant where the characteristic has reset before issuing a trip output see Applications Guide A minimum operate time for the characteristic can be set using 51G n Min Operate Time setting A fixed additional operate time can be added to the characteristic using 51G n Follower DTL setting Operation o...

Page 40: ...d in parallel An external stabilising resistor must be connected in series with this input to ensure that this element provides a high impedance path 64H Current Setting sets the pick up current level An output is given after elapse of the 64H Delay setting An external series stabilising resistor and a parallel connected voltage limiting non linear resistor are used with this function See Applicat...

Page 41: ... winding 1 or winding 2 The element calculates the ratio of NPS to PPS currents Where the NPS PPS current ratio is above 46BC Setting an output is given after the 46BC Delay The Open Circuit function can be inhibited from Inhibit 46BC A binary or virtual input Gn 46BC n U I Guarded Operation of the undercurrent guard function User Inhibit Reylogic graphical logic Figure 3 12 Logic Diagram Open Cir...

Page 42: ...lected from IEC and ANSI curves using 46IT Char A time multiplier is applied to the characteristic curves using the 46IT Time Mult setting Alternatively a definite time lag delay DTL can be chosen using 46ITChar When Delay DTL is selected the time multiplier is not applied and the 46IT Delay DTL setting is used instead The 46IT Reset setting can apply a definite time delayed or ANSI DECAYING reset...

Page 43: ...1 or winding 2 Each phase has an independent level detector and current timing element 37 n Setting sets the pick up current An output is given after elapse of the 37 n Delay setting Operation of the under current elements can be inhibited from Inhibit 37 G n A binary or virtual input Gn 37 n U I Guarded Operation of the undercurrent guard function Inhibit 37 G n A binary or virtual input User Inh...

Page 44: ...fied percentage of the protected equipment s thermal capacity 49 Capacity Alarm setting For the heating curve 100 e 1 I I t 2 2 Where thermal state at time t I measured thermal current I 49 Overload setting or k IB The final steady state thermal condition can be predicted for any steady state value of input current where t 100 I I 2 2 F Where F final thermal state before disconnection of device 49...

Page 45: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 39 of 60 Figure 3 15 Logic Diagram Thermal Overload Protection 49 ...

Page 46: ... for the duration of the delay The 24DT n Hysteresis setting allows the user to vary the pick up drop off ratio for the element The 24IT Element has a user definable shape 24Xn Point Setting sets the over fluxing V f level for up to 7 user definable points 24Yn Point Setting sets the operate time for each of the defined points The 24IT Reset setting can apply a definite time delayed reset Figure 3...

Page 47: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 41 of 60 Figure 3 17 Logic Diagram Overfluxing Elements 24 ...

Page 48: ...ement undervoltage or overvoltage is set by the 27 59 n Operation setting Voltage elements are blocked if the measured voltage falls below the 27 59 U V Guard setting An output is given after elapse of the 27 59 n Delay setting The 27 59 n Hysteresis setting allows the user to vary the pick up drop off ratio for the element Operation of the under over voltage elements can be inhibited from Inhibit...

Page 49: ...chosen using 59NITChar When Delay DTL is selected the time multiplier is not applied and the 59NIT Delay DTL setting is used instead An instantaneous or definite time delayed reset can be applied using the 59NIT Reset setting The second element has a DTL characteristic 59NDT Setting sets the pick up voltage 3V0 and 59NDT Delay the follower time delay Operation of the neutral overvoltage elements c...

Page 50: ...ment under frequency or over frequency is set by the 81 n Operation setting 81 n Setting sets the pick up frequency for the element An output is given after elapse of the 81 n Delay setting The 81 n Hysteresis setting allows the user to vary the pick up drop off ratio for the element Operation of the under over frequency elements can be inhibited from Inhibit 81 n A binary or virtual input 81 n U ...

Page 51: ... Input Output number 1 Virtual I O energised 0 Virtual I O de energised Example Showing Use of Nomenclature E1 I1 F1 O2 L1 Equation 1 Binary Input 1 XOR Function Key 1 AND NOT Binary Output 2 OR LED 1 When the equation is satisfied 1 it is routed through a pick up timer En Pickup Delay a drop off timer En Dropoff Delay and a counter which instantaneously picks up and increments towards its target ...

Page 52: ...r Target the output of the counter En 1 and this value is held until the initiating conditions are removed when En is instantaneously reset The output of En is assigned in the OUTPUT CONFIG OUTPUT MATRIX menu where it can be programmed to any binary output O LED L or Virtual Input Output V combination Protection functions can be used in Quick Logic by mapping them to a Virtual Input Output Refer t...

Page 53: ...xt Trip MENU INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX 50BF Ext Trip A binary or virtual input assigned to 50BF n Mech Trip MENU INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX 50BF n Mech Trip CB Fail outputs will be issued providing any of the 3 phase currents are above the 50BF n Setting or the current in the fourth CT is above 50BF n I4 for longer than the 50BF n n Delay setting or for a mechanical protection trip the circuit brea...

Page 54: ...ip Contact 50BF n 1 50BF n 2 1 Wn IL1 50BF n Setting 50BF n Element Enabled Disabled 50BF n 1 Delay 50BF n 2 Delay Inhibit 50BF n 50BF n Ext Trip Wn IL3 Wn IL2 50BF n CB Faulty 1 1 CB n Closed 1 50BF n Mech Trip Ig n 50BF n I4 Setting 1 User Inhibit 50BF n Figure 5 1 Logic Diagram Circuit Breaker Fail Protection 50BF ...

Page 55: ...g is intact If all mapped inputs become de energised due to a break in the trip circuit wiring or loss of supply an output is given The 74TCS n Delay or 74CCS n Delay setting prevents failure being incorrectly indicated during circuit breaker operation This delay should be greater than the operating time of the circuit breaker The use of one or two binary inputs mapped to the same Circuit Supervis...

Page 56: ...measurement Phase Each phase is inhibited separately Sum With this method the square root of the sum of the squares of the second harmonic in each phase is compared to each operate current individually Cross All phases are inhibited when any phase detects an inrush condition An output is initiated where the measured ratio of second harmonic to fundamental current component content is above the 81H...

Page 57: ...elay INSTRUMENTS MENU or via Reydisp The DATA STORAGE DEMAND DATA LOG Data Log Period setting is used to define the time duration after which the instrument is updated The updated value indicates the maximum minimum and mean values for the defined period The Gn Demand Window setting defines the maximum period of time over which the demand values are valid A new set of demand values is established ...

Page 58: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 52 of 60 ...

Page 59: ...ndards for all serial ports and IEC 61850 for Ethernet ports Reydisp Manager provides the functionality of Reydisp Evolution and also provides project management of multiple devices to allow engineering of IEC61850 projects Communication with the relay from a personal computer PC is facilitated by the REYDISP EVOLUTION software package The program allows the transfer of relay settings waveform rec...

Page 60: ... CB1 The status of each counter can be viewed in the INSTRUMENTS mode Binary outputs can be mapped to each of the above counters these outputs are energised when the user defined Count Target is reached 6 3 3 I2 t CB Wear CB1 and CB2 wear counters are also provided I2 t CB1 Wear Provides an estimate of contact wear and maintenance requirements The algorithm works on a per phase basis measuring the...

Page 61: ...ble in each model refer to Technical Manual Chapter 4 Data Comms 6 4 3 Waveform Records Waveform records provide a trace of the instantaneous magnitude of each analogue input channel and the status of each binary channel i e each binary input binary output virtual I O and LED against time for the duration of the record The values are recorded at every digital sampling point used by the relay softw...

Page 62: ... of injection simulates the behaviour of the power system where faulted conditions are present until CB operation Where examined together the event records and the fault records will detail the full sequence of events leading to a trip Fault records are stored in a rolling buffer with the oldest faults overwritten The fault storage can be cleared with the DATA STORAGE Clear Faults setting The SYST...

Page 63: ...bled DNP3 Enabled Enabled Disabled General Interrogation IEC 103 Enabled Enabled Disabled DNP3 Enabled Enabled Disabled MODBUS Enabled Enabled Enabled Changing of Settings Rear Ports when set as Remote Enabled Disabled Enabled Rear Ports when set as Local Disabled Enabled Enabled Fascia Enabled Enabled Enabled USB Disabled Enabled Enabled Historical Information Waveform Records Enabled Enabled Ena...

Page 64: ...port software 6 8 2 Time Synchronisation Binary Input A binary input can be mapped Clock Sync from BI The seconds or minutes will be rounded up or down to the nearest value when the BI is energised This input is leading edge triggered 6 8 3 Time Synchronisation IRIG B Optional A BNC connector on the relay rear provides an isolated IRIG B time synchronisation port The IRIG B input is compatible wit...

Page 65: ...by using the password to gain access and by entering the password NONE Again this must be entered twice to de activate the security system As soon as the user attempts to change a setting or initiate control the password is requested before any changes are allowed Once the password has been validated the user is logged on and any further changes can be made without re entering the password If no m...

Page 66: ...Chapter 1 7SR242 Duobias Description Of Operation 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 60 of 60 ...

Page 67: ... to be correct no liability shall be accepted for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 7SR242 Duobias Multi Function 2 Winding Transformer Protection Relay Settings Configuration Instruments Document Release History This docume...

Page 68: ...Chapter 2 7SR242 Duobias Settings Configuration Instruments Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 2 Page 2 of 22 ...

Page 69: ...nal rear RS485 IRIG B connection 19 2 1 5 Optional rear RS232 IRIG B connection 19 2 1 6 Optional Rear EN100 Ethernet Module COM3 20 2 1 7 Configuring Relay Data Communication 21 2 1 8 Connecting to the Relay via Reydisp 22 APPENDIX 1 7SR242 Settings List of Figures Figure 1 1 Menu 5 Figure 1 2 Fascia Contrast symbol 5 Figure 1 3 Fascia of 7SR242 Relay 5 Figure 1 4 Relay Identifier Screen 6 Figure...

Page 70: ...Chapter 2 7SR242 Duobias Settings Configuration Instruments Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 2 Page 4 of 22 ...

Page 71: ... via the settings mode password change settings in the relay Instruments Mode allows the user to view the relay meters e g current voltage etc Fault Data Mode allows the user to see type and data of any fault that the relay has detected The menus can be viewed via the LCD by pressing the access keys as below Pressing CANCEL returns to the Relay Identifier screen Figure 1 1 Menu LCD Contrast To adj...

Page 72: ...e relay to display the relays instrumentation and Fault data and to reset the output relays and LED s The five push buttons have the following functions These pushbuttons are used to navigate the menu structure and to adjust settings The ENTER push button is used to initiate and accept setting changes When a setting is displayed pressing the ENTER key will enter the edit mode the setting will flas...

Page 73: ...Chapter 2 7SR242 Duobias Settings Configuration Instruments Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 2 Page 7 of 22 Figure 1 5 7SR24 Menu Structure ...

Page 74: ...operating in which case the change becomes effective when no elements are operating Configuration and inspection of communications protocol data objects text used for display in international languages graphical user logic and programming of user specific custom protection characteristics is not possible from the fascia and pc based tools must be used if required The actual setting ranges and defa...

Page 75: ...ith respect to PPS voltage W2 Relay Ia 0 00xIn o Ib 0 00xIn o Ic 0 00xIn o Displays Winding 2 relay currents Nominal RMS values phase angles with respect to PPS voltage Operate Ia 0 00xIn Ib 0 00xIn Ic 0 00xIn Displays the 3 phase operate currents relevant to the biased differential 87BD and highset differential 87HS functions Restrain Ia 0 00xIn Ib 0 00xIn Ic 0 00xIn Displays the 3 phase restrain...

Page 76: ...Ib 0 00xIn o Ic 0 00xIn o Displays the 3 Phase currents Nominal RMS values phase angles with respect to PPS voltage W1 Sequence Izps 0 00xIn o Ipps 0 00xIn o Inps 0 00xIn o Displays the 3 Phase currents Nominal RMS values phase angles with respect to PPS voltage W1 Derived Earth In Ia kA Ib A Ic xIn Displays the Earth currents derived from W1 line currents RMS values W2 Primary See above W2 Second...

Page 77: ...udes all the meters that are associated with Frequency TEST RESET allows access to this sub group Frequency 00 000Hz Displays the power system frequency OVERFLUXING METERS to view This is the sub group that includes all the meters that are associated with Over fluxing TEST RESET allows access to this sub group Overfluxing Meters V f V xVn V f xVn fn V f 24IT Displays the over fluxing values THERMA...

Page 78: ...2 7SR242 Duobias Settings Configuration Instruments Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 2 Page 12 of 22 Figure 1 6 Schematic Diagram Current and Voltage Meters includes optional functionality ...

Page 79: ...imes CB1 Total Trips Count 0 Target 100 Displays the number of CB trips experienced by the CB CB1 Delta Trips Count 0 Target 100 Displays the number of CB trips experienced by the CB CB2 Total Trips Count 0 Target 100 Displays the number of CB trips experienced by the CB CB2 Delta Trips Count 0 Target 100 Displays the number of CB trips experienced by the CB CB1 Wear Phase A 0 00MA 2s Phase B 0 00...

Page 80: ...leared General Alarms ALARM 9 Cleared General Alarms ALARM 10 Cleared General Alarms ALARM 11 Cleared General Alarms ALARM 12 Cleared DEMAND METERS to view This is the sub group that includes Demand meters Values are available for user defined time periods TEST RESET allows access to this sub group Voltage Demand Displays maximum minimum and mean values W1 I Phase A Demand W1 I Phase B Demand W1 I...

Page 81: ...ludes all the meters that are associated with Communications ports TEST RESET allows access to this sub group COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 Displays which com ports are currently active COM1 TRAFFIC Tx1 0 Rx1 0 Rx1 Errors 0 Displays traffic on Com1 COM2 TRAFFIC Tx2 0 Rx2 0 Rx2 Errors 0 Displays traffic on Com2 COM3 TRAFFIC Tx3 0 Rx3 0 Rx3 Errors 0 Displays traffic on Com3 COM4 TRAFFIC Tx4 0 Rx4 0 Rx4 Errors...

Page 82: ...MR 0 0 0 CNT 0 1 0 En Equation 1 5 Fault Data Mode The Fault Data Mode sub menu lists the time and date of the previous ten protection operations The stored data about each fault can be viewed by pressing the TEST RESET button Each record contains data on the operated elements analogue values and LED flag states at the time of the fault The data is viewed by scrolling down using the button ...

Page 83: ...ent curves To configure the relay using a serial communication port the user will need the following PC with Reydisp Evolution Installed This can be download from our website www siemens com energy and found under the submenu Software Configuration and download of IEC 61850 data and programming of graphical user logic requires the use of the Reydisp Manager software which is supplied with online i...

Page 84: ... Figure 2 2 RS485 connection to PC 2 1 3 Optional rear fibre optic connection Figure 2 3 Fibre Optic Connection to PC Sigma devices have a 25 pin female D connector with the following pin out Pin Function 2 Transmit Data 3 Received Data 4 Request to Send 5 Clear to Send 6 Data set ready 7 Signal Ground 8 Received Line Signal Detector 20 Data Terminal Ready ...

Page 85: ... Additional Optional rear RS485 IRIG B connection to a PC 2 1 5 Optional rear RS232 IRIG B connection Figure 2 1 2 Additional Optional rear RS232 IRIG B connection to a PC Pin Relay Function 1 Not Connected 2 Receive Data RXD 3 Transmit Data TXD 4 Outut Supply 5 V 50mA 5 Signal Ground GND 6 Input Supply 5 V 50mA 7 Linked to 8 volts free 8 Linked to 7 volts free 9 Output Supply 5V 50mA ...

Page 86: ... duplex LC fibre optic connectors Setting name Range Default Setting Notes LAN Protocol OFF IEC60870 5 103 IEC60870 5 103 If this setting is set to Off access to relay data using Reydisp Evolution and Reydisp Manager software via the Ethernet interface is not available Connections to the optional EN100 ethernet module are made on the rear underside of the relay Connections are made to either RJ45 ...

Page 87: ...0870 5 103 COM1 Rear mounted RS485 port COM1 RS485 Mode Local Remote Local or Remote Remote COM1 RS485 Baud Rate 75 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 19200 COM1 RS485 Parity NONE ODD EVEN EVEN COM2 USB Protocol OFF IEC60870 5 103 MODBUS RTU ASCII DNP3 IEC60870 5 103 COM2 Front USB port COM2 USB Mode Local Remote Local or Remote Remote COM3 Protocol OFF IEC60870 5 103 MODBUS RTU DNP3 ...

Page 88: ...ll available communication ports of the PC will automatically be detected On the start page tool bar open up the sub menu File Connect The Communication Manager window will display all available communication ports With the preferred port highlighted select the Properties option and ensure the baud rate and parity match that selected in the relay Data Comms settings Select Connect to initiate the ...

Page 89: ...result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 7SR242 Duobias Multi Function 2 Winding Transformer Protection Relay Performance Specification Document Release History This document is issue 2015 11 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2015 11 7SR2424 data added section 1 1 3 Time multiplier settings revise...

Page 90: ...Chapter 3 7SR242 Duobias Performance Specification 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 2 of 50 ...

Page 91: ... 19 2 1 6 Operate and Reset Time 24IT 20 2 2 27 59 Under Over Voltage 21 2 2 1 Reference 21 2 2 2 Operate and Reset Level 21 2 2 3 Operate and Reset Time 21 2 3 37 37G Undercurrent 22 2 3 1 Reference 22 2 3 2 Operate and Reset Level 22 2 3 3 Operate and Reset Time 22 2 4 46BC Open Circuit 23 2 4 1 Reference 23 2 4 2 Operate and Reset Level 23 2 4 3 Operate and Reset Time 23 2 5 46NPS Negative Phas...

Page 92: ...nd Reset Time 59NIT 41 2 14 64H Restricted Earth Fault Protection 42 2 14 1 Reference 42 2 14 2 Operate and Reset Level 42 2 14 3 Operate and Reset Time 42 2 14 4 Harmonic Rejection 42 2 15 81Under Over Frequency 43 2 15 1 Reference 43 2 15 2 Operate and Reset Level 43 2 15 3 Operate and Reset Time 43 2 16 87 Biased Differential 44 2 16 1 Reference 44 2 16 2 Operate and Reset Level 45 2 16 3 Opera...

Page 93: ... of Figures Figure 1 1 Binary Input Configurations Providing Compliance with EATS 48 4 Classes ESI 1 and ESI 2 12 Figure 2 1 Thermal Overload Protection Curves 27 Figure 2 2 IEC IDMTL Curves Time Multiplier 1 37 Figure 2 3 ANSI IDMTL Operate Curves Time Multiplier 1 38 Figure 2 4 ANSI Reset Curves Time Multiplier 1 39 ...

Page 94: ...Chapter 3 7SR242 Duobias Performance Specification 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 6 of 50 ...

Page 95: ... 20 C 1 1 3 Dimensions and Weights 1 1 3 1 Dimensions Parameter Value Width 7SR2422 E8 case 208 mm 7SR2423 E10 case 260 mm 7SR2424 E12 case 312 mm Height 177 mm Depth behind panel including clearance for wiring and fibre 241 5 mm Projection from front of panel 31 mm See appropriate case outline and panel drilling drawing as specified in Diagrams and Parameters document for complete dimensional spe...

Page 96: ... 1 2 1 2 Burden Battery loading can be estimated from the following approximate figures Attribute Watts 30V 48V 110V 220V Quiescent Relay inc PROT HEALTHY LED 6 0 5 7 5 0 4 9 Backlight 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 LED Red or Green Each LED 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 04 LED Yellow Each LED 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 Binary Output Each Output 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 Optional F O RS485 RS232 Data Comms Interface 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Optio...

Page 97: ...7 to 62Hz Note 1 A and 5 A nominal inputs are user selectable on each model 1 2 2 1 Burden 1 2 2 2 Thermal Withstand Overload Period Current Phase and Earth 1A 5A Continuous 3 0 x In 10 minutes 3 5 x In 5 minutes 4 0 x In 3 minutes 5 0 x In 2 minutes 6 0 x In 3 seconds 57 7A 202A 2 seconds 70 7A 247A 1 second 100A 350A 1 cycle 700A 2500A Attribute Value Phase and Earth 1A 5A AC Burden 0 1 VA 0 3 V...

Page 98: ...rotection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 10 of 50 1 2 3 AC Voltage Nominal Operating Range Vn 40 to 160 V Up to 270 V fn 50 60Hz 47 to 62Hz 1 2 3 1 Burden Attribute Value AC Burden 0 1 VA at 110 V 1 2 3 2 Thermal Withstand Overload Period Voltage Continuous 300 V RMS ...

Page 99: ...8 VDC 74 to 290 VDC 1 2 5 1 Performance Attribute Value Maximum DC current for operation VBI 19 V 1 5mA VBI 88 V 1 5mA Reset Operate voltage ratio 90 Response time 7ms Response time when programmed to energise an output relay contact i e includes output relay operation 20ms The binary inputs are opto couplers having a low minimum operate current and may be set for high speed operation Where a bina...

Page 100: ...r 3 7SR242 Duobias Performance Specification 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 12 of 50 Figure 1 1 Binary Input Configurations Providing Compliance with EATS 48 4 Classes ESI 1 and ESI 2 ...

Page 101: ...nal Rear Mounted Port COM3 COM4 Attribute Value Physical layer Fibre optic Connectors STTM BFOC 2 5 Recommended fibre 62 5 125 m glass fibre with ST connector Optical wavelength 820nm Launch power into recommended fibre 16 dBm Receiver sensitivity 24 dBm 1 3 2 3 RS485 Data Communication Interface Standard Rear Port Attribute Value Physical layer Electrical Connectors 4mm Ring Crimp 1 3 2 4 RS485 D...

Page 102: ...rface IEC 61850 Option Attribute Value Physical Layer Electrical Connectors RJ45 100BaseF in acc With IEEE802 3 Transmission Speed 100MBit s Test Voltage with regard to socket 500 VAC 50 Hz Bridgeable distance 20m 1 3 3 Real Time Clock 1 3 3 1 Internal Clock The specification below applies only while no external synchronisation signal e g IRIG B IEC 60870 5 103 is being received Attribute Value Ac...

Page 103: ...onal test 56 days at 40 C and 93 relative humidity 1 4 1 3 Transient Overvoltage IEC 60255 5 Type Level Between all terminals and earth or between any two independent circuits 5 0 kV 1 2 50 s 0 5j 1 4 1 4 Insulation IEC 60255 5 Type Level Between any terminal and earth 2 0 kV AC RMS for 1 min Between independent circuits Across normally open contacts 1 0 kV AC RMS for 1 min 1 4 1 5 Enclosure Prote...

Page 104: ...y 1 4 3 1 Auxiliary DC Supply Variation Quantity Value Allowable superimposed ac component 12 of DC voltage Allowable breaks dips in supply collapse to zero from nominal voltage 20ms 1 4 3 2 High Frequency Disturbance IEC 60255 22 1 Type Level Variation Case Aux Power I O common longitudinal mode 2 5 kV 10 Case Aux Power I O Series transverse mode 1 0 kV RS485 Metallic Comms 1 0kV No data loss 1 4...

Page 105: ...5 22 5 IEC 61000 4 5 Type Level Variation Analog Inputs Line to Earth 4 0 kV 10 Case Aux Power I O Line to Earth 2 0 kV Analog Inputs Line to Line 1 0 kV Case Aux Power I O Line to Line 1 0 kV RS485 Comms port Line to Earth 1 0 kV No data loss Note 45ms pick up delay applied to binary inputs 1 4 3 7 Conducted Radio Frequency Interference IEC 60255 22 6 Type Level Variation 0 15 to 80 MHz 10 V 5 1 ...

Page 106: ...ss I Type Level Variation Vibration response 0 5 gn 5 Vibration endurance 1 0 gn 1 4 4 2 Shock and Bump IEC 60255 21 2 Class I Type Level Variation Shock response 5 gn 11 ms 5 Shock withstand 15 gn 11 ms Bump test 10 gn 16 ms 1 4 4 3 Seismic IEC 60255 21 3 Class I Type Level Variation Seismic response 1 gn 5 1 4 4 4 Mechanical Classification Type Level Durability 10 6 operations ...

Page 107: ...et Level 24DT Attribute Value V fop Operate level 100 x V fs 2 or 0 02 Reset level 95 of V fop Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 2 1 3 Operate and Reset Time 24DT Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0 9 to 1 1 x V fs 400 ms 200ms 0 9 to 2 0 x V fs 320 ms 200ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 200ms Repeatability 1 Disengaging time 250ms 2 1 4 Reference 24IT Para...

Page 108: ...n 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 20 of 50 2 1 6 Operate and Reset Time 24IT Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 500ms 300ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 2s Repeatability 1 Disengaging time 250ms ...

Page 109: ...4400 s 2 2 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Vop Operate level 100 Vs 1 or 0 25V Reset level Overvoltage 100 hyst x Vop 1 Undervoltage 100 hyst x Vop 1 Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 2 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasicE Element basic operate time Overvoltage 0 to 1 1 x Vs 73 ms 10ms 0 to 2 0 xVs 63 ms 10ms Undervoltage 1 1 to 0 5 xVs 58 ms...

Page 110: ...In Parameter Value Is 37G n Setting 0 05 0 10 5 0 xIn td 37G n Delay setting 0 00 0 01 20 00 20 50 100 101 1000 1010 10000 10100 14400 s 2 3 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 Is 5 or 1 In Reset level 105 Iop Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 3 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 1 1 to 0 5 xIs 35...

Page 111: ... Attribute Value Icurr Operate level NPS to PPS ratio 100 Iset 5 Reset level 90 Icurr 5 Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz harmonics to fcutoff 5 Attribute Value Iop Operate level 46BC n U I Guard Setting 100 Is 5 or 1 In Reset level 105 Iop Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 4 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Basic opera...

Page 112: ... to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 5 3 Operate and Reset Time 46DT Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0 to 2 xIs 40 ms 10ms 0 to 5 xIs 30 ms 10ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 10ms Repeatability 1 or 10ms Overshoot time 40 ms Disengaging time 60 ms 2 5 4 Reference 46IT Parameter Value char Characteristic setting IEC NI VI EI LTI ANSI MI VI EI DTL Tm Time Multiplier setting 0 025 0 ...

Page 113: ... ms for char IEC NI K 0 14 0 02 IEC VI K 13 5 1 0 IEC EI K 80 0 2 0 IEC LTI K 120 0 1 0 char ANSI MI ANSI VI ANSI EI Tm B A t P Is I op 1 5 absolute or 50 ms for char ANSI MI A 0 0515 B 0 114 P 0 02 ANSI VI A 19 61 B 0 491 P 2 0 ANSI EI A 28 2 B 0 1217 P 2 0 char DTL td 1 or 20ms Reset time ANSI DECAYING Tm R t Is I res 1 2 5 absolute or 50 ms for char ANSI MI R 4 85 ANSI VI R 21 6 ANSI EI R 29 1 ...

Page 114: ...ng 1 1 5 1000 min 2 6 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iol Overload level 100 Is 5 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iol Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 6 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value top Overload trip operate time 2 2 2 P 2 I I I ln B I k t where IP prior current 5 absolute or 100ms Is 0 3 3 x In Repeatability 100ms Figure 2 1 shows the thermal curves...

Page 115: ...ification 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 27 of 50 Figure 2 1 Thermal Overload Protection Curves 0 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Current multiple of setting Time sec 1000 mins 100 mins 10 mins 1 min ...

Page 116: ...00 1010 10000 10100 14400 s 2 7 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 Is 5 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iop Repeatability 1 Transient overreach X R 100 5 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 7 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0 to 2 xIs 35 ms 10ms 0 to 5 xIs 25 ms 10ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 10ms ...

Page 117: ...1 1000 1010 10000 10100 14400 s 2 8 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 Is 5 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iop Repeatability 1 Transient overreach X R 100 5 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 8 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0 to 2 xIs 35 ms 10ms 0 to 5 xIs 30 ms 10ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 1...

Page 118: ...00 1010 10000 10100 14400 s 2 9 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 Is 5 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iop Repeatability 1 Transient overreach X R 100 5 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 9 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0 to 2 xIs 35 ms 10ms 0 to 5 xIs 25 ms 10ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 10ms ...

Page 119: ...Is Setting 0 05 0 1 2 5 xIn char Characteristic setting IEC NI VI EI LTI ANSI MI VI EI DTL Tm Time Multiplier setting 0 025 0 030 1 6 1 7 5 6 100 td Delay setting 0 0 01 20 s tres Reset setting ANSI DECAYING 0 1 60 s 2 10 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 105 Is 4 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iop Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 ...

Page 120: ...0 0515 B 0 114 P 0 02 ANSI VI A 19 61 B 0 491 P 2 0 ANSI EI A 28 2 B 0 1217 P 2 0 char DTL td 1 or 20ms Reset time ANSI DECAYING Tm R t Is I res 1 2 5 absolute or 30 ms for char ANSI MI R 4 85 ANSI VI R 21 6 ANSI EI R 29 1 tres tres 1 or 20ms Repeatability 1 or 20ms Overshoot time 40 ms Disengaging time 50 ms Figure 2 2 shows the operate times for the four IEC IDMTL curves with a time multiplier o...

Page 121: ...lue Is Setting 0 05 0 1 2 5 xIn char Characteristic setting IEC NI VI EI LTI ANSI MI VI EI DTL Tm Time Multiplier setting 0 025 0 030 1 6 1 7 5 6 100 td Delay setting 0 0 01 20 s tres Reset setting ANSI DECAYING 0 1 60 s 2 11 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 105 Is 4 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iop Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 ...

Page 122: ...0 0515 B 0 114 P 0 02 ANSI VI A 19 61 B 0 491 P 2 0 ANSI EI A 28 2 B 0 1217 P 2 0 char DTL td 1 or 20ms Reset time ANSI DECAYING Tm R t Is I res 1 2 5 absolute or 30 ms for char ANSI MI R 4 85 ANSI VI R 21 6 ANSI EI R 29 1 tres tres 1 or 20ms Repeatability 1 or 20ms Overshoot time 40 ms Disengaging time 50 ms Figure 2 2 shows the operate times for the four IEC IDMTL curves with a time multiplier o...

Page 123: ...Char Characteristic setting IEC NI VI EI LTI ANSI MI VI EI DTL Tm Time Multiplier setting 0 025 0 030 1 6 1 7 5 6 100 td Delay setting DTL 0 0 01 20 s tres Reset setting ANSI DECAYING 0 1 60 s I Applied current for operate time IDMTL 2 to 20 xIs DTL 5 xIs 2 12 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 105 Is 4 or 1 In Reset level 95 Iop Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fn...

Page 124: ...0 0515 B 0 114 P 0 02 ANSI VI A 19 61 B 0 491 P 2 0 ANSI EI A 28 2 B 0 1217 P 2 0 char DTL td 1 or 20ms Reset time ANSI DECAYING Tm R t Is I res 1 2 5 absolute or 30 ms for char ANSI MI R 4 85 ANSI VI R 21 6 ANSI EI R 29 1 tres tres 1 or 20ms Repeatability 1 or 20ms Overshoot time 40 ms Disengaging time 50 ms Figure 2 2 shows the operate times for the four IEC IDMTL curves with a time multiplier o...

Page 125: ...mens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 37 of 50 Figure 2 2 IEC IDMTL Curves Time Multiplier 1 0 1 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 Current multiples of setting Time sec 2 3 4 5 6 8 20 30 40 50 60 80 Long Time Inverse Normal Inverse Very Inverse Extremely Inverse ...

Page 126: ...Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 38 of 50 Figure 2 3 ANSI IDMTL Operate Curves Time Multiplier 1 0 1 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 Current multiples of setting Time sec 2 3 4 5 6 8 20 30 40 50 60 80 Moderately Inverse Extremely Inverse Very Inverse ...

Page 127: ...5 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 39 of 50 Figure 2 4 ANSI Reset Curves Time Multiplier 1 1 10 100 1000 0 1 1 Current multiples of setting Time sec Moderately Inverse Extremely Inverse Very Inverse 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 8 0 9 0 7 5 50 500 ...

Page 128: ...0 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 13 3 Operate and Reset Time 59NDT Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0V to 1 5 xVs 76 ms 20ms 0V to 10 xVs 63 ms 20ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 20ms Repeatability 1 or 20ms Overshoot time 40 ms Disengaging time 50 ms 2 13 4 Reference 59NIT Parameter Value M Multiplier setting 0 1 0 2 10 10 5 140 Vs Setting 1 1 5 100V td ...

Page 129: ... of 50 2 13 6 Operate and Reset Time 59NIT Attribute Value tbasic Starter operate time 2xVs 65 ms 20ms top Operate time char IDMTL 1 M t Vs 0 V 3 op 5 or 65 ms char DTL td 1 or 40ms Reset Time char IDMTL tres 5 or 65ms char DTL tres 1 or 40ms Repeatability 1 or 20ms Overshoot time 40 ms Disengaging time 50 ms ...

Page 130: ...eset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 Is 5 or 1 xIn Reset level 95 Iop 5 or 0 1 xIn Repeatability 1 Transient overreach X R 100 5 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 2 14 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 0 to 2 xIs 40 ms 10ms 0 to 5 xIs 30 ms 10ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 10ms Repeatability 1 or 10ms Overshoo...

Page 131: ...00 s 2 15 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Fop Operate level 100 Fs 10mHz Reset level overfrequency 100 hyst xFop 10mHz underfrequency 100 hyst xFop 10mHz Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 2 15 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time for ROCOF between 0 1 and 5 0 Hz sec overfrequency Typically 110ms Maximum 150ms underfrequency Typically 110ms Max...

Page 132: ...f 50 2 16 87 Biased Differential 2 16 1 Reference Parameter Value ICT Multiplier 1 00x Iinit Initial Setting 0 1 0 15 2 xIn IB1 1st Bias Slope setting 0 1 0 15 0 7 x IB1L 1st Bias Slope Limit 1 2 20 xIn IB2 2nd Bias Slope setting 1 1 05 2 x IB2T 2nd Bias Slope Type setting Line Curve ts Delay setting 0 0 005 1s ...

Page 133: ...e limit M1 87BD 1st Bias slope M2 87BD 2nd Bias slope Operate level 2nd Bias Slope Type Curve B I for 2 K I I and I M I and I I RESTRAIN 2 2 RESTRAIN OPERATE RESTRAIN 1 OPERATE SETTING INITIAL 87 OPERATE Where K2 B2 2M1 2 B2 87BD Operate Level 10 of IOP or 0 1In Reset level 90 of IOP Repeatability 2 Transient overreach 5 Variation 10 C to 55 C fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 2 16 3 Operate Time Attribute V...

Page 134: ...xIn ts Delay setting 0 0 005 1s 2 17 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 5 of setting or 0 01In Reset level 95 of IOP Repeatability 2 Transient overreach 5 Variation 10 C to 55 C fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 2 17 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time Switched from 0 to x IOP 3 x IOP 30 ms 10ms 5 x IOP 25 ms 10ms top Operate time following dela...

Page 135: ... 010 2 0 xIn tCBF1 Stage 1 Delay setting 0 5 60000ms tCBF2 Stage 2 Delay setting 0 5 60000ms 3 1 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 Is 5 or 1 In Ireset Reset level 100 Iop 5 or 1 In Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 3 1 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 20ms top Stage 1 tCBF1 1 or 20ms Stage 2 tCB...

Page 136: ...2 74TCS CCS Trip Close Circuit Supervision 3 2 1 Reference Parameter Value td Delay setting 0 0 02 60 s 3 2 2 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time 30ms 10ms top Operate time following delay tbasic td 1 or 10ms Repeatability 1 or 10ms Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 ...

Page 137: ...rrent 0 10 0 11 0 5 3 3 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 I 4 or 1 In Reset level 100 Iop 4 or 1 In Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 3 3 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time Will pick up before operation of any protection element due to magnetic inrush Reset Time Will operation until drop off of an...

Page 138: ...ent current 0 10 0 11 0 5 3 4 2 Operate and Reset Level Attribute Value Iop Operate level 100 I 4 or 1 In Reset level 100 Iop 4 or 1 In Repeatability 1 Variation 10 C to 55 C 5 fnom 3 Hz to fnom 2 Hz 5 3 4 3 Operate and Reset Time Attribute Value tbasic Element basic operate time Will pick up before operation of any protection element due to overfluxing Reset Time Will operation until drop off of ...

Page 139: ... no liability shall be accepted for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 7SR242 Duobias Multi Function 2 Winding Transformer Protection Relay Document Release History This document is issue 2015 11 The list of revisions up to a...

Page 140: ...7SR242 Duobias Technical Manual Chapter 4 Page 2 of 92 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited ...

Page 141: ...ds 30 3 4 3 Disturbance Recorder Actual Channel ACC Numbers 31 4 MODBUS Definitions 33 4 1 Introduction 33 4 2 MODBUS Register Data Types 34 4 2 1 FLOAT_IEEE_754 34 4 2 2 FP_32BITS_3DP 35 4 2 3 UINT32 35 4 2 4 UINT16 35 4 2 5 EVENT 36 4 2 6 EVENTCOUNT 37 4 2 7 TIME_METER 37 4 2 8 STR32 STR64 37 4 2 9 BITSTRING 37 4 3 Point List 39 4 3 1 Coils Read Write Binary values 39 4 3 2 Inputs Read Only Bina...

Page 142: ...of Figures Fig 2 1 Communication to Front USB Port 8 Fig 2 2 Communication to Multiple Devices using RS485 Standard Port 10 Fig 2 3 Communication to Multiple Devices using Fibre optic Ring Network 13 Fig 2 4 Communication to Multiple Devices from Control System and Laptop using Fibre optic Star Network 13 Fig 2 5 Additional Optional Rear RS485 IRIG B Connection to a PC 14 Fig 2 6 Additional Option...

Page 143: ...nications protocols DNP3 IEC 60870 5 103 IEC 61850 and MODBUS RTU Note not all protocols are available on all devices Reydisp Evolution or Reydisp Manager Software is available for computers running Microsoft Windows to connect to devices to provide operational information post fault analysis setting interrogation and editing facilities etc Configuration software can be downloaded from our website...

Page 144: ...7SR242 Duobias Technical Manual Chapter 4 Page 6 of 92 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited ...

Page 145: ... setting communication with the Reydisp software An ASCII protocol is also available through this port the main use of this protocol is to allow the Relay firmware to be updated via the front connection MODBUS RTU or the optional DNP3 protocols are also available COM3 Where fitted an additional rear serial fibre optic RS232 or RS485 port This port can be used for IEC60870 5 103 MODBUS RTU or DNP3 ...

Page 146: ...ting to Reydisp using this connection the default settings can be used without the need to first change any settings Access to the communication settings for the USB port is only available from the relay front fascia via the key pad setting menu COMMUNICATIONS MENU Setting Name Range Options Default Setting Notes COM2 USB Protocol OFF IEC60870 5 103 MODBUS RTU ASCII DNP3 IEC60870 5 103 Reydisp sof...

Page 147: ...versed or marked as on other equipment so care is required If the devices are connected in reverse communication to all devices will be disturbed but no damage will occur If problems are experienced during commissioning the connections should be tried in reverse The maximum number of relays that can be connected to the bus is 64 The RS485 data comms link will be broken for that particular relay el...

Page 148: ...cation distances over 1 km are achievable using this type of fibre A budget loss calculation should be made for all installations The following table gives the launch power and receiver sensitivity of each of the fibre optic communication ports on the Relay when used with specific fibre optic types Tx Launch Power dB RX Receive Sensitivity dB Fibre Type Min Max Min Max 62 5 125µm 11 7 15 7 24 9 2 ...

Page 149: ...tal loss at connectors IxJ dB L Total losses E H K dB M Receive power budget A L dB N Safety Margin dB O Device Receive Sensitivity dB The following settings on the COMMUNICATIONS MENU must be configured when using the fibre Optic Com3 interface Setting Name Range Options Default Setting Notes COM3 Protocol OFF IEC60870 5 103 MODBUS RTU DNP3 IEC60870 5 103 The protocol used to communicate on the s...

Page 150: ...870 5 103 1 247 for Modbus RTU 0 65534 for DNP3 0 0 An address within the range of the relevant protocol must be given to identify the relay Each relay in a network must have a unique address COM4 Baud Rate 75 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 19200 The baud rate set on all of the relays connected to the control system must be the same as the one set on the master device COM4 Parity ...

Page 151: ...on to Multiple Devices using Fibre optic Ring Network Computer or Control System 7SG24 Sigma 1 Tx Rx Tx Rx 62 5 125µm fibre optic with ST connectors Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Master To Control System USB or 9 pin male D connector RS232 straight through cable 25 pin male D connector Fig 2 4 Communication to Multiple Devices from Control System and Laptop using Fibre optic Star Network 2 5...

Page 152: ... must be the same as the one set on the master device COM3 Parity NONE ODD EVEN EVEN The parity set on all of the relays connected to the control system must be the same and in accordance with the master device COM3 Line Idle LIGHT ON LIGHT OFF LIGHT OFF LIGHT OFF Not applicable for RS 485 or RS 232 option set to OFF COM3 Data Echo 1 ON OFF OFF OFF Not applicable for RS 485 or RS 232 option set to...

Page 153: ...set on all of the relays connected to the control system must be the same as the one set on the master device COM3 Parity NONE ODD EVEN EVEN The parity set on all of the relays connected to the control system must be the same and in accordance with the master device COM3 Line Idle LIGHT ON LIGHT OFF LIGHT OFF LIGHT OFF Not applicable for RS 485 or RS 232 option set to OFF COM3 Data Echo 1 ON OFF O...

Page 154: ...f this setting is set to off access to relay data using Reydisp Evolution and Reydisp Manager Software via the Ethernet interface is not available Connections to the optional EN100 Ethernet module are made on the rear underside of the relay Connections are made to either RJ45 sockets electrical or Duplex LC fibre optic connectors Fibre cables should be 62 5 125µm or 50 125µm multimode with LC conn...

Page 155: ... Page 17 of 92 LED yellow LED green LED yellow LED green Ch 1 Ch 2 Ethernet EN100 E EN100 Module RJ45 Interface Ethernet EN100 O Ch 1 Ch 2 EN100 Module Duplex LC Interface Green LED Physical Link Off No link On Link present Yellow LED Activity Off No traffic On flashing Traffic Fig 2 8 EN100 Ethernet Module ...

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Page 157: ... relay operating as a slave responding to the master s commands The implementation provides event information time synchronising commands and measurands and also supports the transfer of disturbance records This protocol can be set to use any or all of the relays hardware interfaces USB Fibre Optic RS232 RS485 and Ethernet and is the standard protocol used by the USB port The relay can communicate...

Page 158: ... Function table lists possible causes of transmission for these frames The following abbreviations are used Abbreviation Description SE spontaneous event T test mode GI general interrogation Loc local operation Rem remote operation Ack command acknowledge Nak Negative command acknowledge Note Events listing a GI cause of transmission can be raised and cleared other events are raised only ...

Page 159: ...t ASDU column of the Information Number and Function table lists the possible ASDUs returned for a point ASDU Description 1 Time tagged message monitor direction 2 Time tagged message relative time monitor direction 3 1 Measurands I 4 Time tagged measurands with relative time 5 Identification message 6 Time synchronisation 7 General Interrogation Initialization 9 Measurands II 20 General command ...

Page 160: ...trol Received 1 SE 60 13 Command Received 1 SE 60 128 Cold Start 1 SE 60 129 Warm Start 1 SE 60 130 Re Start 1 SE 60 131 Expected Restart 1 SE 60 132 Unexpected Restart 1 SE 60 135 Trigger Storage 1 SE 60 136 Clear Waveform Records 1 SE 60 137 Clear Fault Records 1 SE 60 138 Clear Event Records 1 SE 1 SE 60 140 Demand metering reset 20 Ack Nak 60 170 General Alarm 1 1 SE GI 60 171 General Alarm 2 ...

Page 161: ...2 Binary Input 12 1 SE GI 70 13 Binary Input 13 1 SE GI 70 14 Binary Input 14 1 SE GI 70 15 Binary Input 15 1 SE GI 70 16 Binary Input 16 1 SE GI 70 17 Binary Input 17 1 SE GI 70 18 Binary Input 18 1 SE GI 70 19 Binary Input 19 1 SE GI 70 20 Binary Input 20 1 SE GI 70 21 Binary Input 21 1 SE GI 70 22 Binary Input 22 1 SE GI 70 23 Binary Input 23 1 SE GI 70 24 Binary Input 24 1 SE GI 70 25 Binary I...

Page 162: ...tual Input 16 1 SE GI 1 SE GI 80 1 Binary Output 1 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 2 Binary Output 2 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 3 Binary Output 3 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 4 Binary Output 4 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 5 Binary Output 5 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 6 Binary Output 6 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 7 Binary Output 7 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 8 Binary Output 8 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 9 Binary Output 9 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 80 10 Bina...

Page 163: ...I 90 25 LED 25 1 SE GI 90 26 LED 26 1 SE GI 90 27 LED 27 1 SE GI 90 28 LED 28 1 SE GI 90 29 LED 29 1 SE GI 90 30 LED 30 1 SE GI 90 31 LED 31 1 SE GI 90 32 LED 32 1 SE GI 91 1 LED PU 1 1 SE GI 91 2 LED PU 2 1 SE GI 91 3 LED PU 3 1 SE GI 91 4 LED PU 4 1 SE GI 91 5 LED PU 5 1 SE GI 91 6 LED PU 6 1 SE GI 91 7 LED PU 7 1 SE GI 91 8 LED PU 8 1 SE GI 91 9 LED PU 9 1 SE GI 91 10 LED PU 10 1 SE GI 91 11 LE...

Page 164: ...G2 selected 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 176 25 Setting G3 selected 20 Ack Nak 1 SE GI 176 26 Setting G4 selected 20 Ack Nak 176 27 Binary Input 1 1 SE GI 176 28 Binary Input 2 1 SE GI 176 29 Binary Input 3 1 SE GI 176 30 Binary Input 4 1 SE GI 176 36 Trip Circuit Fail 1 SE GI 176 48 Earth Fault L1 2 SE 176 49 Earth Fault L2 2 SE 176 50 Earth Fault L3 2 SE 176 64 Start Pick up L1 2 SE GI 176 65 Start Pick u...

Page 165: ... SE GI 177 45 64H 1 2 SE GI 177 46 64H 2 2 SE GI 177 48 37 1 2 SE GI 177 49 37 2 2 SE GI 177 50 46BC 1 2 SE GI 177 51 46BC 2 2 SE GI 177 52 27 59 1 2 SE GI 177 53 27 59 2 2 SE GI 177 54 27 59 3 2 SE GI 177 55 27 59 4 2 SE GI 177 56 59NIT 2 SE GI 177 57 59NDT 2 SE GI 177 58 81 1 2 SE GI 177 59 81 2 2 SE GI 177 60 81 3 2 SE GI 177 61 81 4 2 SE GI 177 62 81 5 2 SE GI 177 63 81 6 2 SE GI 177 64 24DT 1...

Page 166: ...l Trip Count 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 177 97 Reset CB2 Delta Trip Count 20 Ack Nak 177 99 81HBL2 1 SE GI 177 100 81HBL5 1 SE GI 177 101 CB1 Total Trip Count 4 SE 177 102 CB1 Delta Trip Count 4 SE 177 103 37G 1 2 SE GI 177 104 37G 2 2 SE GI 177 105 Close CB1 1 SE GI 177 106 CB1 Fail To Close 1 SE GI 177 107 CB1 DBI 1 SE GI 177 108 Open CB1 1 SE GI 177 109 CB1 Fail To Open 1 SE GI 177 110 Close CB2 1 SE GI 1...

Page 167: ...User Output 4 1 SE GI 178 175 User Output 5 1 SE GI 178 176 User Output 6 1 SE GI 178 177 User Output 7 1 SE GI 178 178 User Output 8 1 SE GI 178 179 User Output 9 1 SE GI 178 180 User Output 10 1 SE GI 178 181 User Output 11 1 SE GI 178 182 User Output 12 1 SE GI 178 183 User Output 13 1 SE GI 178 184 User Output 14 1 SE GI 178 185 User Output 15 1 SE GI 178 186 User Output 16 1 SE GI 178 187 Use...

Page 168: ... Command 8 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 158 User DP Command 1 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 159 User DP Command 2 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 160 User DP Command 3 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 161 User DP Command 4 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 162 User DP Command 5 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 163 User DP Command 6 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 164 User DP Command 7 20 Ack Nak 1 SE 200 165 User DP Command 8 20 Ack Nak 255 0 General Interrogation GI Initiation ...

Page 169: ...lic Refresh rate 5 seconds or value change greater than Window x 178 231 Measurand W2 IL1 2 3 IL1 2 4x Window 1 IL2 2 4x Window 1 IL3 2 4x Window 1 9 Cyclic Refresh rate 5 seconds or value change greater than Window x 3 4 3 Disturbance Recorder Actual Channel ACC Numbers The following Disturbance Recorder channel numbers apply to this device FUN ACC Description 177 1 W1 Ia 177 2 W1 Ib 177 3 W1 Ic ...

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Page 171: ...terfaces USB Fibre Optic RS232 and RS485 The relay can communicate simultaneously on all ports regardless of protocol used The Station Address of the port being used must be set to a suitable address within the range 1 247 to enable communication This can be set by the Communications Menu COM n xxxxx Station Address setting Communication via MODBUS over Ethernet requires external devices Please re...

Page 172: ...s instance xyz The mantissa represents the binary fraction of a number therefore the MSB represents 2 1 or 1 2 1 and its LSB 2 23 or 1 2 23 The following table shows a detailed layout of the mantissa 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 21 1 2 22 1 2 23 0 5 0 25 0 125 0 0625 4 768e 7 2 384e 7 1 192e 7 As an example 1 000 000 would be represented as follows hex 49742400 4 9 7 4 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1...

Page 173: ...On reception these two registers should be interpreted in the correct order as a 32 bit integer 4 2 3 UINT32 The UINT32 is a signed 32 bit integer As it is an integer negative numbers are sent as 2 s complement UINT32 MODBUS In this MODBUS implementation the 32 bit value is stored in 2 16 bit registers in Big Endian format As an example if we take the hex representation of 123456 in 2 s complement...

Page 174: ...er can be checked periodically to determine how many events are stored The format of the event record is defined by the zero byte It signifies the type of record which is used to decode the event information The zero byte can be one of the following Format The format of the event record is defined by the zero byte It signifies the type of record which is used to decode the event information The ze...

Page 175: ...bytes as follows The following table describes the fields in the time Key Description ms L Time Stamp Milliseconds low byte ms H Time Stamp Milliseconds high byte Mi Time Stamp Minutes MSB invalid time not set 23 hours Ho Time Stamp Hours MSB Summer time flag Da Time Stamp Days Mo Time Stamp Months Ye L Time Stamp Years low byte Ye H Time Stamp Years high byte Not Used The following table shows th...

Page 176: ...ed in a 16 bit register in Big Endian format As an example assume bits 1 3 9 and 12 are set The binary representation of this would be 00001001000001012 giving a hex representation of 0905h Assume this is stored in the register 30001 it would look as follows Address Value 30001 0905 On reception this register should be interpreted as a 16 bit integer ...

Page 177: ...8 00009 Binary Output 9 00010 Binary Output 10 00011 Binary Output 11 00012 Binary Output 12 00013 Binary Output 13 00014 Binary Output 14 00101 Setting G1 selected 00102 Setting G2 selected 00103 Setting G3 selected 00104 Setting G4 selected 00105 Setting G5 selected 00106 Setting G6 selected 00107 Setting G7 selected 00108 Setting G8 selected 00109 CB 1 00110 CB 2 00120 Local Mode 00121 Remote M...

Page 178: ...put 9 10010 Binary Input 10 10011 Binary Input 11 10012 Binary Input 12 10013 Binary Input 13 10014 Binary Input 14 10015 Binary Input 15 10016 Binary Input 16 10017 Binary Input 17 10018 Binary Input 18 10019 Binary Input 19 10020 Binary Input 20 10021 Binary Input 21 10022 Binary Input 22 10023 Binary Input 23 10024 Binary Input 24 10025 Binary Input 25 10026 Binary Input 26 10027 Binary Input 2...

Page 179: ...ail 6 10200 A87BD_Output1 10201 A87BD_Output2 10202 A87BD_Output3 10203 HD100a_OR 10204 HD100b_OR 10205 HD100c_OR 10206 87BD 10207 A87HS_Operated1 10208 A87HS_Operated2 10209 A87HS_Operated3 10210 87HS 10220 64H 1 10221 A_64H_1_Starter1 10223 64H 2 10224 A_64H_2_Starter1 10230 A_51G_1_Starter1 10231 51G 1 10233 A_51G_2_Starter1 10234 51G 2 10242 A_2759_UVGuardBlock_1_Output1 10243 27 59 1 10244 A_...

Page 180: ...G 2 10321 A_50G_2_Starter1 10333 A_51G_3_Starter1 10334 51G 3 10336 A_51G_4_Starter1 10337 51G 4 10501 Virtual Input 1 10502 Virtual Input 2 10503 Virtual Input 3 10504 Virtual Input 4 10505 Virtual Input 5 10506 Virtual Input 6 10507 Virtual Input 7 10508 Virtual Input 8 10509 Virtual Input 9 10510 Virtual Input 10 10511 Virtual Input 11 10512 Virtual Input 12 10513 Virtual Input 13 10514 Virtual...

Page 181: ...5 10626 LED 26 10627 LED 27 10628 LED 28 10629 LED 29 10630 LED 30 10631 LED 31 10632 LED 32 10701 LED PU 1 10702 LED PU 2 10703 LED PU 3 10704 LED PU 4 10705 LED PU 5 10706 LED PU 6 10707 LED PU 7 10708 LED PU 8 10709 LED PU 9 10710 LED PU 10 10711 LED PU 11 10712 LED PU 12 10713 LED PU 13 10714 LED PU 14 10715 LED PU 15 10716 LED PU 16 10717 LED PU 17 10718 LED PU 18 10719 LED PU 19 10720 LED PU...

Page 182: ...0912 User DP Command 5 10913 User DP Command 6 10914 User DP Command 7 10915 User DP Command 8 12100 A_51_1_Starter1 12101 A_51_1_Starter2 12102 A_51_1_Starter3 12103 A_51_1_Operated1 12104 A_51_1_Operated2 12105 A_51_1_Operated3 12107 A_50_1_Starter1 12108 A_50_1_Starter2 12109 A_50_1_Starter3 12110 A_50_1_Operated1 12111 A_50_1_Operated2 12112 A_50_1_Operated3 12114 A_51N_1_Starter1 12115 51N 1 ...

Page 183: ...0 A_46IT_1_Starter1 12411 A_46IT_2_Starter1 12412 46IT 1 12413 46IT 2 12414 46DT 1 12415 46DT 2 12416 A_37_1_Starter 12417 A_37_2_Starter 12418 37 1 12419 37 2 12500 General Alarm 1 12501 General Alarm 2 12502 General Alarm 3 12503 General Alarm 4 12504 General Alarm 5 12505 General Alarm 6 12506 General Alarm 7 12507 General Alarm 8 12508 General Alarm 9 12509 General Alarm 10 12510 General Alarm...

Page 184: ...unt 12563 CB1 Delta Trip Count 12565 I 2t CB1 Wear 12566 I 2t CB2 Wear 12567 CB2 Total Trip Count 12568 CB2 Delta Trip Count 12570 81HBL2 12571 81HBL5 12572 37G 1 12573 37G 2 12574 Close CB1 12575 CB1 Fail To Close 12576 CB1 DBI 12577 Open CB1 12578 CB1 Fail To Open 12579 Close CB2 12580 CB2 Fail To Close 12581 CB2 DBI 12582 Open CB2 12583 CB2 Fail To Open 12584 CB1 Trip Time Alarm 12585 CB2 Trip ...

Page 185: ...6 1 000000 Number of Event Records Stored 30014 Waveform Records UINT16 1 000000 Number of Waveform Records Stored 30016 Restart Count UINT16 1 000000 Number of CPU resets 30018 Warm Start Count UINT16 1 000000 Number of CPU warmstarts 30100 Operate Ia FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Operate Ia xIn 30102 Operate Ib FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Operate Ib xIn 30104 Operate Ic FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Operate Ic xIn...

Page 186: ...Count 30612 CB1 Delta Trip Count UINT32 1 000000 CB1 Delta Trip Count 30614 CB2 Total Trip Count UINT32 1 000000 CB2 Total Trip Count 30616 CB2 Delta Trip Count UINT32 1 000000 CB2 Delta Trip Count 30700 W1 Ia Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Ia Fault 30702 W1 Ib Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Ib Fault 30704 W1 Ic Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Ic Fault 30706 W2 Ia Last Trip FP_32BITS...

Page 187: ...2BITS_3DP 1 000000 W2 Max Current Ib 32410 W2 I Phase C Max FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W2 Max Current Ic 4 3 4 Holding Registers Read Write Registers Address Name Format Mult Description 40001 Time TIME_METER 0 000000 Time 40100 Operate Ia FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Operate Ia xIn 40102 Operate Ib FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Operate Ib xIn 40104 Operate Ic FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Operate Ic xIn 40106 Restrain I...

Page 188: ...2 Ib Fault 40710 W2 Ic Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W2 Ic Fault 40712 Ph Ph V Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Ph Ph Fault Voltage 40714 Ig 1 Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Ig 1 Last Trip 40716 Ig 2 Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 Ig 2 Last Trip 41100 W1 Primary Ia FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Primary Ia A 41102 W1 Primary Ib FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Primary Ib A 41104 W1 Primary Ic FP_32BITS...

Page 189: ... Phase B Max FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Max Current Ib 42404 W1 I Phase C Max FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W1 Max Current Ic 42406 W2 I Phase A Max FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W2 Max Current Ia 42408 W2 I Phase B Max FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W2 Max Current Ib 42410 W2 I Phase C Max FP_32BITS_3DP 1 000000 W2 Max Current Ic 42552 LED1 n BITSTRING 0 000000 Led 1 16 status 42553 LED1 n BITSTRING 0 000000 Led 17 32 ...

Page 190: ...7SR242 Duobias Technical Manual Chapter 4 Page 52 of 92 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited ...

Page 191: ...to the Highest DNP Levels Supported the complete list is described in the attached table For static non change event object requests request qualifier codes 07 and 08 limited quantity and 17 and 28 index are supported Static object requests sent with qualifiers 07 or 08 will be responded with qualifiers 00 or 01 Output Event Object 11 is supported Maximum Data Link Frame Size octets Transmitted 25...

Page 192: ...unt 1 Never Always Sometimes Configurable Pulse On Never Always Sometimes Configurable Pulse Off Never Always Sometimes Configurable Latch On Never Always Sometimes Configurable Latch Off Never Always Sometimes Configurable Queue Never Always Sometimes Configurable Clear Queue Never Always Sometimes Configurable Attach explanation if Sometimes or Configurable was checked for any operation Reports ...

Page 193: ...so see the DNP 3 0 Implementation Table in Section 5 2 beginning on page 56 Sequential File Transfer Support File Transfer Support Yes No Append File Mode Yes No Custom Status Code Strings Yes No Permissions Field Yes No File Events Assigned to Class Yes No File Events Send Immediately Yes No Multiple Blocks in a Fragment Yes No Max Number of Files Open 0 ...

Page 194: ...x 129 response 00 01 start stop 17 28 index see note 2 2 0 Binary Input Change Any Variation 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 2 1 Binary Input Change without Time 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 129 response 130 unsol resp 17 28 index 2 2 default see note 1 Binary Input Change with Time 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 129 response 130 unsol resp 17 28 index 2 3 B...

Page 195: ...uest 12 2 Pattern Control Block 3 select 4 operate 5 direct op 6 dir op noack 7 limited quantity 129 response echo of request 12 3 Pattern Mask 3 select 4 operate 5 direct op 6 dir op noack 00 01 start stop 129 response echo of request 13 0 Binary Output Command Event Any Variation 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 13 1 default see note 1 Binary Output Command Event without Time 1 read 0...

Page 196: ...2 21 6 16 Bit Frozen Counter without Time Of Freeze 1 read 00 01 start stop 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 17 27 28 index 129 response 00 01 start stop 17 28 index see note 2 21 7 32 Bit Frozen Delta Counter with Time Of Freeze 21 8 16 Bit Frozen Delta Counter with Time Of Freeze 21 9 default see note 1 32 Bit Frozen Counter without Flag 1 read 00 01 start stop 06 no range or all 07 08 limit...

Page 197: ... 0 Analog Input Any Variation 1 read 22 assign class 00 01 start stop 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 17 27 28 index 30 1 32 Bit Analog Input 1 read 00 01 start stop 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 17 27 28 index 129 response 00 01 start stop 17 28 index see note 2 30 2 default see note 1 16 Bit Analog Input 1 read 00 01 start stop 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 17 27 28 index 129 ...

Page 198: ...ing point Analog Change Event with Time 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 129 response 130 unsol resp 17 28 index 32 8 long floating point Analog Change Event with Time 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 129 response 130 unsol resp 17 28 index 33 0 Frozen Analog Event Any Variation 33 1 32 Bit Frozen Analog Event without Time 33 2 16 Bit Frozen Analog Event without Time 33 3 32 ...

Page 199: ...range or all 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 60 3 Class 2 Data 20 enbl unsol 21 dab unsol 22 assign class 06 no range or all 1 read 06 no range or all 07 08 limited qty 60 4 Class 3 Data 20 enbl unsol 21 dab unsol 22 assign class 06 no range or all 1 read 00 01 start stop 129 response 00 01 start stop 80 1 Internal Indications 2 write see note 3 00 start stop index 7 No Object function...

Page 200: ...nput event buffer size is set to allow 100 events Binary inputs are by default returned in a class zero interrogation Note not all points listed here apply to all builds of devices Binary Input Points Static Steady State Object Number 1 Packed Format Change Event Object Number 1 w o Time Static Variation reported when variation 0 requested 1 Binary Input w o status or 2 Binary Input with status Ch...

Page 201: ...2 Binary Input 22 0 2 2 2 23 Binary Input 23 0 2 2 2 24 Binary Input 24 0 2 2 2 25 Binary Input 25 0 2 2 2 26 Binary Input 26 0 2 2 2 27 Binary Input 27 0 2 2 2 28 Binary Input 28 0 2 2 2 29 Binary Input 29 0 2 2 2 30 Binary Input 30 0 2 2 2 31 Binary Input 31 0 2 2 2 32 Binary Input 32 0 2 2 2 35 Remote Mode 0 2 2 2 36 Service Mode 0 2 2 2 37 Local Mode 0 2 2 2 38 Local Remote 0 2 2 2 40 General ...

Page 202: ...1 1 0 2 2 2 79 50BF 1 2 0 2 2 2 80 50BF 2 1 0 2 2 2 81 50BF 2 2 0 2 2 2 82 49 Alarm 0 2 2 2 83 49 Trip 0 2 2 2 85 46IT 1 0 2 2 2 86 46DT 1 0 2 2 2 87 46IT 2 0 2 2 2 88 46DT 2 0 2 2 2 89 64H 1 0 2 2 2 90 64H 2 0 2 2 2 92 37 1 0 2 2 2 93 37 2 0 2 2 2 94 46BC 1 0 2 2 2 95 46BC 2 0 2 2 2 96 27 59 1 0 2 2 2 97 27 59 2 0 2 2 2 98 27 59 3 0 2 2 2 99 27 59 4 0 2 2 2 100 59NIT 0 2 2 2 101 59NDT 0 2 2 2 102...

Page 203: ... General Alarm 3 0 2 2 2 132 General Alarm 4 0 2 2 2 133 General Alarm 5 0 2 2 2 134 General Alarm 6 0 2 2 2 135 General Alarm 7 0 2 2 2 136 General Alarm 8 0 2 2 2 137 General Alarm 9 0 2 2 2 138 General Alarm 10 0 2 2 2 139 General Alarm 11 0 2 2 2 140 General Alarm 12 0 2 2 2 141 Quick Logic E1 0 2 2 2 142 Quick Logic E2 0 2 2 2 143 Quick Logic E3 0 2 2 2 144 Quick Logic E4 0 2 2 2 145 Quick Lo...

Page 204: ...ail 6 0 2 2 2 205 CB1 Trip Time Alarm 0 2 2 2 206 CB2 Trip Time Alarm 0 2 2 2 207 Close CB1 0 2 2 2 208 CB1 Fail To Close 0 2 2 2 209 CB1 DBI 0 2 2 2 210 Open CB1 0 2 2 2 211 CB1 Fail To Open 0 2 2 2 212 Close CB2 0 2 2 2 213 CB2 Fail To Close 0 2 2 2 214 CB2 DBI 0 2 2 2 215 Open CB2 0 2 2 2 216 CB2 Fail To Open 0 2 2 2 217 E F Out 0 2 2 2 221 Binary Output 1 0 2 2 2 222 Binary Output 2 0 2 2 2 22...

Page 205: ...2 2 503 Virtual Input 3 0 2 2 2 504 Virtual Input 4 0 2 2 2 505 Virtual Input 5 0 2 2 2 506 Virtual Input 6 0 2 2 2 507 Virtual Input 7 0 2 2 2 508 Virtual Input 8 0 2 2 2 509 Virtual Input 9 0 2 2 2 510 Virtual Input 10 0 2 2 2 511 Virtual Input 11 0 2 2 2 512 Virtual Input 12 0 2 2 2 513 Virtual Input 13 0 2 2 2 514 Virtual Input 14 0 2 2 2 515 Virtual Input 15 0 2 2 2 516 Virtual Input 16 0 2 2...

Page 206: ... 29 0 2 2 2 630 LED 30 0 2 2 2 631 LED 31 0 2 2 2 632 LED 32 0 2 2 2 701 LED PU 1 0 2 2 2 702 LED PU 2 0 2 2 2 703 LED PU 3 0 2 2 2 704 LED PU 4 0 2 2 2 705 LED PU 5 0 2 2 2 706 LED PU 6 0 2 2 2 707 LED PU 7 0 2 2 2 708 LED PU 8 0 2 2 2 709 LED PU 9 0 2 2 2 710 LED PU 10 0 2 2 2 711 LED PU 11 0 2 2 2 712 LED PU 12 0 2 2 2 713 LED PU 13 0 2 2 2 714 LED PU 14 0 2 2 2 715 LED PU 15 0 2 2 2 716 LED PU...

Page 207: ...nd 8 0 2 2 2 908 User Output 1 0 2 2 2 909 User Output 2 0 2 2 2 910 User Output 3 0 2 2 2 911 User Output 4 0 2 2 2 912 User Output 5 0 2 2 2 913 User Output 6 0 2 2 2 914 User Output 7 0 2 2 2 915 User Output 8 0 2 2 2 916 User Output 9 0 2 2 2 917 User Output 10 0 2 2 2 918 User Output 11 0 2 2 2 919 User Output 12 0 2 2 2 920 User Output 13 0 2 2 2 921 User Output 14 0 2 2 2 922 User Output 15...

Page 208: ... and the Control Relay Output Blocks Object 12 While Binary Output Status Points are included here for completeness they are not often polled by DNP 3 0 Masters Binary Output Status points are not recommended to be included in class 0 polls As an alternative it is recommended that actual status values of Control Relay Output Block points be looped around and mapped as Binary Inputs The actual stat...

Page 209: ...ct 10 Default Variation Event Object 11 Default Command Event Object 13 Assigned Class 1 2 3 or none Default Variation Command Event Object 13 CROB Supported Operations Default CROB Operations 1 RL 1 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 2 RL 2 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 3 RL 3 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 4 RL 4 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 5 RL 5 ...

Page 210: ...iation Command Event Object 13 CROB Supported Operations Default CROB Operations Close 34 Setting G1 selected 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Latch On 35 Setting G2 selected 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Latch On 36 Setting G3 selected 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Latch On 37 Setting G4 selected 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Latch On 38 Setting G5 selected 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch O...

Page 211: ... 3 or none Default Variation Command Event Object 13 CROB Supported Operations Default CROB Operations 48 Reset I 2t CB1 Wear 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 49 Reset I 2t CB2 Wear 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 50 Reset CB2 Total Trip Count write only location 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 51 Reset CB2 Delta Trip Count write only location 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Lat...

Page 212: ...nt Object 13 Assigned Class 1 2 3 or none Default Variation Command Event Object 13 CROB Supported Operations Default CROB Operations 101 User SP Command 6 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 102 User SP Command 7 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 103 User SP Command 8 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Latch On Close Pulse On 104 User DP Command 1 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Pulse Off Latch On Latch Off C...

Page 213: ...efault Variation Command Event Object 13 CROB Supported Operations Default CROB Operations Latch Off Close Trip 111 User DP Command 8 0 2 2 0 1 Pulse On Pulse Off Latch On Latch Off Close Trip Pulse On Pulse Off 5 3 4 Counters The following table lists both Binary Counters Object 20 and Frozen Counters Object 21 When a freeze function is performed on a Binary Counter point the frozen value is avai...

Page 214: ... or 5 32 Bit Frozen Counter Event with Flag and Time or 6 16 Bit Frozen Counter Event with Flag and Time Counter Frozen Counter Point Index Name Description Default Change Event Assigned Class 1 2 3 or none Default Variation Static Object 20 Default Variation Event Object 22 Deadband Is Resettable IsFreezable Default Change Event Assigned Class 1 2 3 or none Default Variation Static Object 21 Defa...

Page 215: ...o Flag or 5 Single Precision floating point Analog Input with Flag Change Event Variation reported when variation 0 requested 1 32 Bit Analog Change Event w o Time or 2 16 Bit Analog Input w o Time or 3 32 Bit Analog Input with Time or 4 16 Bit Analog Input with Time or 5 Single Precision floating point Analog Input w o Time or 7 Single Precision floating point Analog Input with Time Analog Input ...

Page 216: ... 1 0 3 2 4 1000 000 0 100 19 Primary Ig 2 0 3 2 4 1 000 100 000 20 Secondary Ig 2 0 3 2 4 1000 000 0 100 21 Nominal Ig 2 0 3 2 4 1000 000 0 100 22 V f V 0 3 2 4 100 000 1 000 23 V f 0 3 2 4 100 000 1 000 24 V f 24IT 0 3 2 4 100 000 1 000 25 Thermal Status Ph A 0 3 4 4 100 000 1 000 26 Thermal Status Ph B 0 3 4 4 100 000 1 000 27 Thermal Status Ph C 0 3 4 4 100 000 1 000 28 W1 Primary Ia 0 3 2 4 1 ...

Page 217: ... Default Deadband 52 W2 Line Ia 0 3 2 4 100 000 0 100 53 W2 Line Ib 0 3 2 4 100 000 0 100 54 W2 Line Ic 0 3 2 4 100 000 0 100 55 W2 Relay Ia 0 3 2 4 100 000 0 100 56 W2 Relay Ib 0 3 2 4 100 000 0 100 57 W2 Relay Ic 0 3 2 4 100 000 0 100 76 W1 I Phase A Max 0 3 2 4 100 000 1 000 77 W1 I Phase B Max 0 3 2 4 100 000 1 000 78 W1 I Phase C Max 0 3 2 4 100 000 1 000 79 W2 I Phase A Max 0 3 2 4 100 000 1...

Page 218: ...es Unsolicited Mode DISABLED ENABLED DISABLED As Required Setting is only visible when any port Protocol is set to DNP3 Destination Address 0 65534 0 As Required Setting is only visible when DNP3 Unsolicited Events set to Enabled DNP3 Application Timeout 5 6 299 300 10s As Required Setting is only visible when any port Protocol is set to DNP3 ...

Page 219: ...Chapter 4 7SR242 Duobias Data Communications Definitions 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 4 Page 81 of 92 6 Not Applicable This Page Intentionally Left Blank ...

Page 220: ...7SR242 Duobias Technical Manual Chapter 4 Page 82 of 92 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited ...

Page 221: ...92 7 IEC61850 Protocol Support 7 1 Introduction The relay can optionally be provided with IEC61850 comms For further details refer to the following publications Model Implementation Conformance Statement MICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement PICS Protocol Implementation Extra Information for Testing PIXIT ...

Page 222: ...7SR242 Duobias Technical Manual Chapter 4 Page 84 of 92 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited ...

Page 223: ...st be configured as auto answer This will allow it to initiate communications with the relays Next the user should set the data configuration at the local port i e baud rate and parity so that communication will be at the same rate and format as that set on the relay and the error correction is disabled Auto answer usually requires two parameters to be set The auto answer setting should be switche...

Page 224: ...7SR242 Duobias Technical Manual Chapter 4 Page 86 of 92 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited ...

Page 225: ...o and loaded from disc to work offline The protocols will be stored in a Reyrolle Protection Device Comms file RPDC which will be stored locally so that the editor can be used when the relay is not connected DNP3 The tool will allow Data Points to be enabled or disabled Changing the point numbers for the Binary Inputs Double Bit Inputs Binary Outputs Counters and Analogue Inputs Changing their ass...

Page 226: ...er can check if the relay contains user configured communication files via a meter in the relay menus Pressing the Enter and down arrow buttons on the fascia then scrolling down the number of files stored in the relay is displayed The file name can also be viewed by pressing the Cancel and Test Reset buttons together when in the relay Instruments menu The user must ensure when naming the file they...

Page 227: ...irections simultaneously Half Duplex Asynchronous Communications Communications in two directions but only one at a time Hayes AT Modem command set developed by Hayes Microcomputer products Inc LAN Local Area Network A computer network covering a small geographic area LC Fibre optic connector type designed by Lucent Technologies Inc Line Idle Determines when the device is not communicating if the ...

Page 228: ... Devices Limited Start Bit Bit logical 0 sent to signify the start of a byte during data transmission Stop Bit Bit logical 1 sent to signify the end USB Universal Serial Bus standard for the transfer of data WAN Wide Area Network A computer network covering a large geographic area ...

Page 229: ...when Com1 Mode Remote Com2 USB when Com2 Mode Local when Com2 Mode Remote Com3 when Com3 Mode Local when Com3 Mode Remote Com4 when Com4 Mode Local when Com4 Mode Remote Fascia Control Mode Binary Input n when BI n Mode Local when BI n Mode Remote Binary Outputs Reporting Spontaneous IEC DNP3 General Interrogation IEC DNP3 MODBUS Change Settings Com1 when Com1 Mode Local when Com1 Mode Remote Com2...

Page 230: ...vices Limited Siemens Protection Devices Ltd SPDL P O Box 8 Hebburn Tyne and Wear NE31 1TZ United Kingdom For enquiries please contact our Customer Support Centre Tel 49 180 524 8437 24hrs Fax 49 180 524 2471 E Mail support ic siemens com www siemens com reyrolle Template Revision 15 ...

Page 231: ...y any error or omission whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 7SR242 Duobias Multi Function 2 Winding Transformer Protection Relay Installation Guide Document Release History This document is issue 2015 11 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2015 11 7SR2424 E...

Page 232: ...Chapter 5 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 2 of 24 ...

Page 233: ...l Resistors 7 Fibre Optic Communication 7 Front Cover 7 Disposal 7 Section 3 Dimensions and Panel Fixings 8 3 1 Relay Dimensions 8 3 2 Fixings 11 3 2 1 Crimps 11 3 2 2 Panel Fixings 11 Section 4 Rear Terminal Drawings 12 4 1 E8 CASE 12 E10 CASE 14 Section 5 Connection Wiring Diagrams 17 5 1 Wiring Diagram 7SR242 Relay 17 Section 6 Data Comms Connections 19 6 1 RS485 Connection 19 6 2 IRIG B Connec...

Page 234: ...l Drilling for Size E12 Epsilon case 10 Figure 5 1 1 7SR242 Wiring Diagram 17 Figure 6 1 1 RS485 Data Comms Connections 19 Figure 6 3 1 Data Comms to Multiple Devices Using Sigma 1 and F O Star Network 20 Figure 6 3 2 Data Comms to Multiple Devices Using Sigma 3 and F O Ring Network 20 Figure 6 5 1 RS232 Data Comms Pin Connections 21 Figure 6 6 1 Ethernet connection for IEC 61850 star connection 2...

Page 235: ...age is present There can be no requirement to disassemble any relay since there are no user serviceable parts in the relay If any modules have been tampered with the guarantee will be invalidated Siemens Protection Devices Limited reserves the right to charge for any subsequent repairs 1 3 Recommended Mounting Position The relay uses a liquid crystal display LCD which is used in the programming an...

Page 236: ...anner which does not provide a threat to health or the environment All laws and regulations specific to the country of disposal should be adhered to The relays and protection systems manufactured under the Reyrolle brand currently do not come within the scope of either the European WEEE or RoHS directives as they are equipment making up a fixed installation ...

Page 237: ...communication devices are fitted these should not be viewed directly Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal level of the device Front Cover The front cover provides additional securing of the relay element within the case The relay cover should be in place during normal operating conditions Disposal The Relay should be disposed of in a manner which does not provid...

Page 238: ...Limited Chapter 5 Page 8 of 24 Section 3 Dimensions and Panel Fixings 3 1 Relay Dimensions Relays are supplied in size E8 E10 and E12 cases Panel cut out requirements and case dimensions are shown below Figure 3 1 1 Overall Dimensions and panel Drilling for Size E8 Epsilon case ...

Page 239: ...tted Optional ethernet comms module 254 5 Case Earth connection TOP VIEW Optional ethernet comms module FRONT See note 2 NOTES 1 THE 3 6 HOLES ARE FOR M4 THREAD FORMING TRILOBULAR SCREWS THESE ARE SUPPLIED AS STANDARD AND ARE SUITABLE FOR USE IN FERROUS ALUMINIUM PANELS 1 6mm THICK AND ABOVE FOR OTHER PANELS HOLES TO BE M4 CLEARANCE TYPICALLY 4 5 DIAMETER AND RELAYS MOUNTED USING M4 MACHINE SCREWS...

Page 240: ...Chapter 5 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 10 of 24 Figure 3 1 3 Overall Dimensions and panel Drilling for Size E12 Epsilon case ...

Page 241: ...ith 90 bend are recommended for connection to the standard M4 terminal screws and RS485 port connections 3 2 2 Panel Fixings Typical mounting screw kit per Relay Consists of 4 off M4x10mm Screws 4 off M4 Nuts 4 off M4 Lock Washer Typical rear terminal block fixing kit 1kit per terminal block fitted to relay Consists of 28 x M4 8mm Screws 28 x M4 Lock Washer ...

Page 242: ...Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 12 of 24 Section 4 Rear Terminal Drawings 4 1 E8 CASE E8 STANDARD COMMS ADDITIONAL PORTS USB FRONT PORT RS485 SEE NOTE 2 2 X F O S T CONNECTORS IRIG B E8 STANDARD COMMS USB FRONT PORT RS485 SEE NOTE 2 ...

Page 243: ...E8 STANDARD COMMS ADDITIONAL PORTS USB FRONT PORT RS485 SEE NOTE 2 RS232 IRIG B Notes 1 Recommended terminations are pre insulated must be crimped using approved tooling 2 RS485 block B terminals 14 16 18 20 and optional COMMS MODULE connections are by screened twisted pair RS485 compliant cable When wiring to the relay ensure that these terminals are not obscured by other wiring runs ...

Page 244: ...ation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 14 of 24 E10 CASE E10 STANDARD COMMS USB FRONT PORT RS485 SEE NOTE 2 E10 STANDARD COMMS ADDITIONAL PORTS USB FRONT PORT RS485 SEE NOTE 2 2 X F O S T CONNECTORS IRIG B ...

Page 245: ...tion Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 15 of 24 E10 STANDARD COMMS ADDITIONAL PORTS USB FRONT PORT 2 x RS485 SEE NOTE 2 IRIG B E10 STANDARD COMMS ADDITIONAL PORTS USB FRONT PORT RS485 SEE NOTE 2 RS232 IRIG B ...

Page 246: ...RNET PORTS RJ45 shown Fibre optic LC similar Notes 1 Recommended terminations are pre insulated must be crimped using approved tooling 2 RS485 block B terminals 14 16 18 20 and optional COMMS MODULE connections are by screened twisted pair cable Ensure that these terminals are not obscured by other wiring runs Cable should be RS485 compliant ...

Page 247: ...er 5 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 17 of 24 Section 5 Connection Wiring Diagrams 5 1 Wiring Diagram 7SR242 Relay Figure 5 1 1 7SR242 Wiring Diagram ...

Page 248: ...Chapter 5 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 18 of 24 ...

Page 249: ...on must be terminated correctly in accordance with the master driving the connection A terminating resistor is fitted in each relay when required this is connected in circuit using an external wire loop between terminals 18 and 20 of the power supply module Up to 64 relays can be connected to the RS485 bus Each relay has an internal terminating resistor this can be connected in circuit where neces...

Page 250: ...mply with the recommended minimum for the fibre used typically 50mm is acceptable The fibre optic data comms link will be interrupted if the relay element is withdrawn from the case Computer or Control System Sigma 1 Tx Rx Tx Rx 62 5 125µm fibre optic with ST connectors Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Master To Control System USB or 9 pin male D connector RS232 straight Through cable 25 pin ma...

Page 251: ...ster device driving the connection The relays are fitted with an internal terminating resistor which can be connected between the A and B by fitting an external wire loop between terminals 18 and 20 on the power supply module 6 5 Optional RS232 Connections The additional optional RS232 9 pin plug DTE communication port is located at the rear of the relay and can be connected using a suitable RS232...

Page 252: ...stalling fibre ensure that the fibres bend radii comply with the recommended minimum for the fibre used typically 50mm is acceptable 62 5 125 m glass fibre is recommended for all distances Switch Ch n Ch 2 Ch 1 62 5 125µm fibre optic with Duplex LC connectors or RJ45 electrical connectors Ch 2 Ch 1 Ch 1 Ch 3 Ch 2 Ch 1 Input To Control System Ch 2 Figure 6 6 1 Ethernet connection for IEC 61850 star...

Page 253: ...ter 5 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 23 of 24 Section 7 Connection Diagrams 7 1 Typical AC Connections 7SR242 Figure 7 1 1 7SR24 Typical Connections ...

Page 254: ...Chapter 5 7SR242 Duobias Installation Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 5 Page 24 of 24 ...

Page 255: ...ocument is believed to be correct no liability shall be accepted for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 7SR242 Duobias Multi Function 2 Winding Transformer Protection Relay Commissioning and Maintenance Document Release Histo...

Page 256: ...Chapter 6 7SR242 Duobias Commissioning Maintenance Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 6 Page 2 of 62 ...

Page 257: ...Secondary Injection Testing 17 2 1 2 Primary Injection Testing 20 2 1 3 Phase Overcurrent 50 51 21 2 1 4 Definite Time Overcurrent 50 22 2 1 5 Inverse Time Overcurrent 51 22 2 2 Derived Earth fault 50N 51N 24 2 2 1 Definite Time Overcurrent 50N 25 2 2 2 Inverse Time Overcurrent 51N 25 2 2 3 ANSI Reset 26 2 3 Measured Earth fault 50G 51G 27 2 3 1 Definite Time Overcurrent 50G 28 2 3 2 Inverse Time ...

Page 258: ...fluxing Detector 81HBL5 56 Section 4 Control Logic Functions 57 4 1 Quick Logic 57 Section 5 Testing and Maintenance 59 5 1 Periodic Tests 59 5 2 Maintenance 59 5 3 Troubleshooting 60 Section 6 Relay Software Upgrade Instructions 61 6 1 General 61 6 2 Replacing firmware on a product installed on site 61 6 2 1 Identify Which Software Is Currently Loaded 61 6 2 2 Overall Software Information 61 6 2 ...

Page 259: ... 2 5 Measured Earth Fault 27 Figure 2 6 Restricted Earth Fault 30 Figure 2 7 Open Circuit 32 Figure 2 8 Negative Phase Sequence Overcurrent 34 Figure 2 9 Undercurrent 37 Figure 2 10 Thermal Overload 39 Figure 2 11 Phase Under Over Voltage 41 Figure 2 12 Neutral Overvoltage 44 Figure 2 13 Under Over Frequency 46 Figure 2 14 Under Over Frequency 48 Figure 3 1 CB Fail 51 Figure 3 2 Trip Circuit Super...

Page 260: ...Chapter 6 7SR242 Duobias Commissioning Maintenance Guide 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 6 Page 6 of 62 ...

Page 261: ...nsformer C T secondary current is involved the failure or blowing of an instrument fuse or the operation of an instrument cut out could cause the secondary winding of the C T to become an open circuit Open circuit secondary windings on energised current transformers are a hazard that can produce high voltages dangerous to personnel and damaging to equipment test procedures must be devised so as to...

Page 262: ...e saved off to retain a comprehensive record of that test Relay settings files can be prepared on the PC offline or on the relay before testing commences These settings should be saved for reference and compared with the settings at the end of testing to check that errors have not been introduced during testing and that any temporary changes to settings to suit the test process are returned to the...

Page 263: ...ot necessarily be operating according to the settings that are currently being displayed There is an active settings group on which the relay operates and an edit view settings group which is visible on the display and which can be altered This allows the settings in one group to be altered from the relay fascia while the protection continues to operate on a different unaffected group The Active S...

Page 264: ...e to apply test connections between the current transformer and the power transformer windings Primary injection is needed however to verify the polarity of the CTs In these circumstances primary current must be injected through the associated power transformer winding It may be necessary to short circuit another winding in order to allow current to flow During these primary injection tests the in...

Page 265: ...d for correct connection and measurement accuracy by single phase secondary injection at nominal levels Ensure that the correct instrument displays the applied signal within limits of the Performance Specification Applied Current Applied Voltage W1 IA W1 IB W1 IC IG1 W2 IA W2 IB W2 IC IG2 V1 VX Secondary Primary Apply 3P balanced Current at nominal levels and ensure that the measured Zero Phase Se...

Page 266: ...her as part of the scheme logic or individually To check a binary pick up time delay temporarily map the binary to an output relay that has a normally open contact This can be achieved in the Output Matrix sub menu by utilising the BI n Operated settings Use an external timer to measure the interval between binary energisation and closure of the output contacts Similarly to measure the drop off de...

Page 267: ...nergise the output for its minimum operate time This time is specified in the Output Config Binary Output Config menu for each output relay and may be too short to measure with a continuity tester An alternative method of energising an output permanently so that wiring can be checked is to temporarily map the relay being tested to the Protection Healthy signal in the Output Matrix as this signal i...

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Page 269: ...ng changes to the relay and that any changes must be sent to the relay to take effect and settings must be returned to their correct value after testing The table below indicates functions where function conflicts may occur during testing consideration should be given to disabling functions to avoid interference Function Under Test Biased Differential Differential Highset Phase Overcurrent Derived...

Page 270: ...t operations can be separated or disabled and tested individually All relay settings should be checked before testing begins It is recommended that the relay settings are extracted from the relay using ReyDisp Evolution software and a copy of these settings is stored for reference during and after testing It may be necessary to disable some protection functions during the testing of other function...

Page 271: ...lied to power transformers The complexity of these features can cause confusion during testing and lead to incorrect relay settings being applied It is recommended that the accuracy of the differential elements are tested by secondary injection with simplified differential settings applied to avoid ambiguity before reinstating the required site settings which can be tested more thoroughly by prima...

Page 272: ...train and Operate currents must be calculated from the sum and difference of the two currents During manual testing the Operate and Restrain currents can be monitored on the relay in the Differential Meters in the Instruments menu For manual testing the bias slope is usually checked for Restrain current up to 250 of nominal current For testing above this level the continuous current rating of the ...

Page 273: ...njection 87HS settings will usually be higher than the continuous thermal rating of the relay current inputs and equipment or test procedure should be arranged in such a way that the short term thermal withstand of the relay current inputs is not exceeded during testing 50 of relay setting current can be injected into each of the 2 winding inputs simultaneously to achieve a differential current le...

Page 274: ...f the transformer with a short circuit applied to the other side The external three phase primary short is usually applied to the HV side so that the LVAC supply is connected to the winding with lowest impedance which will result in a higher current level The test current that will be produced can be predicted based on the impedance of the transformer and the applied test voltage The primary test ...

Page 275: ...W2 IL3 IC Disable 46 49 50BF 87BD 87HS Map Pickup LED 51 n 50 n Self Reset Other protection functions may overlap with these functions during testing it may be useful to disable some functions to avoid ambiguity These elements can be allocated to W1 or W2 current inputs by relay settings ensure that current is injected on the correct input Particular care should be taken when testing overcurrent f...

Page 276: ...mporarily drive the relevant Pickup output in the Pickup Config sub menu in the Output Config menu as this will allow the Pick up LED to operate for the function Gradually increase current until Pickup LED operates Apply 2x setting current and record operating time Apply 5x setting current and record operating time Compare to calculated values for operating times P U D O TIMIN G TESTS Ph Dir Char ...

Page 277: ...rve characteristic type and TM is defined by the operating characteristic Curve Fully operated to reset with Zero current applied TM 1 secs ANSI MI 4 85 ANSI VI 21 6 ANSI EI 29 1 Apply current in the following sequence a 2x setting for a time to ensure element operation b Zero current for the reset time above xTM c 2x setting for a time to ensure element operation Check that the second operation c...

Page 278: ... n 50N n Self Reset Other protection functions may overlap with these functions during testing it may be useful to disable some functions to avoid ambiguity Measured EF Restricted EF protections can be Enabled Disabled individually or as groups in the Function Config menu These elements can be allocated to W1 or W2 current inputs by relay settings ensure that current is injected on the correct inp...

Page 279: ...orarily drive the relevant Pickup output in the Pickup Config sub menu in the Output Config menu as this will allow the Pick up led to operate for the function Gradually increase current until Pickup LED operates Apply 2x setting current and record operating time Apply 5x setting current and record operating time Compare to calculated values for operating times P U D O TIMIN G TEST S Input Char NI...

Page 280: ...applied current and TM 1 0 The reset curve characteristic type and TM is defined by the operating characteristic Curve Fully operated to reset with Zero current applied TM 1 secs ANSI MI 4 85 ANSI VI 21 6 ANSI EI 29 1 Apply current in the following sequence a 2x setting for a time to ensure element operation b Zero current for the reset time above xTM c 2x setting for a time to ensure element oper...

Page 281: ...ctions may overlap with these functions during testing it may be useful to disable some functions to avoid ambiguity Derived EF Measured EF Restricted EF protections can be Enabled Disabled individually or as groups in the Function Config menu These elements can be allocated to IG1 or IG2 current inputs by relay settings ensure that current is injected on the correct input Measured EF elements can...

Page 282: ...porarily drive the relevant Pickup output in the Pickup Config sub menu in the Output Config menu as this will allow the Pick up LED to operate for the function Gradually increase current until Pickup LED operates Apply 2x setting current and record operating time Apply 5x setting current and record operating time Compare to calculated values for operating times P U D O TIMING TESTS Input Char NI ...

Page 283: ...applied current and TM 1 0 The reset curve characteristic type and TM is defined by the operating characteristic Curve Fully operated to reset with Zero current applied TM 1 secs ANSI MI 4 85 ANSI VI 21 6 ANSI EI 29 1 Apply current in the following sequence a 2x setting for a time to ensure element operation b Zero current for the reset time above xTM c 2x setting for a time to ensure element oper...

Page 284: ...t The external stabilising resistor value should be measured and compared to that specified in the settings data Both values should be recorded Element Settings Data RSTAB Value RSTAB Measured 64H 1 64H 2 The relatively high value of stabilising resistance RSTAB will often interfere with secondary current injection when using a digital test set It is normal practice in these cases to short circuit...

Page 285: ...est set will be required for this test Adequate current must be supplied to provide the magnetising current of all connected CTs Precautions should be taken to ensure that no personnel are at risk of contact with any of the energised secondary wiring during the test Settings Data Voltage Setting VS VS Measured Settings Data Operate Current IOP IOP Measured 64H 1 64H 2 To complete testing of the RE...

Page 286: ...ply 3P balanced current with normal phase rotation direction This current will consist of PPS alone no NPS or ZPS Increase 1 phase current magnitude in isolation to produce NPS The single phase unbalance current will contain equal quantities of ZPS NPS and PPS The NPS component will be 1 3 of the unbalance current and the total PPS component will be value of the original balanced 3P current plus 1...

Page 287: ...ed current A 1P unbalance current A Measured Unbalance current 46BC 1 46BC 2 Apply 1A 1P unbalance current without 3P balanced current Measure 46BC operating time 46BC Delay setting Measured 46BC 1 46BC 2 2 5 1 1 Element Blocking Elements can be blocked by operation of a Binary Input Inhibit or by operation of the 46BC n U I Guard element This functionality should be checked Element BI Inhibits U ...

Page 288: ...ent settings it is convenient to test the elements with the highest settings first The elements with lower settings can then be tested without disabling the lower settings The Thermal withstand limitations of the current inputs stated in the Performance Specification should always be observed throughout testing These elements can be allocated to W1 or W2 current inputs by relay settings ensure tha...

Page 289: ... to temporarily drive the relevant Pickup output in the Pickup Config sub menu in the Output Config menu as this will allow the Pick up led to operate for the function Gradually increase current until Pickup LED operates Apply 2x setting current and record operating time Apply 5x setting current and record operating time Compare to calculated values for operating times P U D O TIMING TESTS Ph Char...

Page 290: ... time to ensure element operation b Zero current for the reset time above xTM c 2x setting for a time to ensure element operation Check that the second operation c is similar to the first a and in line with the expected operate time for the element at this current level Repeat the test with the reset time b reduced to 50 of the previous value Ensure that the second operate time c is 50 of the firs...

Page 291: ...owest setting first The higher setting element can then be tested without interference from the other element These elements can be allocated to W1 or W2 current inputs by relay settings ensure that current is injected on the correct input Apply 3P balanced current at a level above the 37 n setting until the element resets If DTL setting is small gradually reduce any each phase current in turn unt...

Page 292: ...ication trip output alarm contacts waveform record 2 7 2 37G n Elements Apply current to the IGn input at a level above the 37G n setting until the element resets If DTL setting is small gradually reduce current until element operates If DTL is large apply 1 1x setting check for no operation apply 0 9x setting check operation Apply 0 5x setting current and record operating time Phase Is Amps DTL s...

Page 293: ...pply Alternatively the 3 phase current inputs can be connected in series and injected simultaneously from a single 1P source This elements can be allocated to W1 or W2 current inputs by relay settings ensure that current is injected on the correct input The Thermal Overload Setting and Time Constant Setting can be considered together to calculate the operating time for a particular applied current...

Page 294: ...set the thermal State then apply 2x the Overload Setting current Calculated Operate Time s Measured Operate Time s If the Thermal Overload Capacity Alarm is used this can be tested by monitoring the Thermal Capacity in the instruments menu If the Thermal time constant is longer than a few minutes this can be assessed during the timing test above If the Time Constant is less than a few minutes a lo...

Page 295: ...cked Current inputs are not required to stabilise the relay during voltage element testing If the DTL is short starting from nominal voltage slowly decrease the applied test voltage until the Pickup LED temporarily mapped is lit Record the operate voltage The LED should light at setting Volts 5 Slowly increase the input voltage until the LED extinguishes Record the reset voltage to check the Hyste...

Page 296: ...he input voltage to nominal Volts and the LED will extinguish Record the reset voltage to check the Hysteresis setting If the DTL setting is long the operate level can be checked by applying 100 of setting to cause operation followed by setting minus the Hysteresis setting to cause reset Connect the relevant output contact s to stop the test set Step the applied voltage to a level above the settin...

Page 297: ...ckup to assist during testing 27UVG operation will reset the General Pickup if no other element is operated This LED should not be set as Hand Reset in the Output matrix Starting from nominal voltage apply a step decrease to the applied voltage to a level below the 27 Undervoltage setting but above the 27UVG setting such that an Undervoltage element operation occurs Slowly reduce the applied volta...

Page 298: ...2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 6 Page 44 of 62 2 10 Neutral Over Voltage 59N Figure 2 12 Neutral Overvoltage Voltage Inputs V1 VX Current Inputs n a apply zero current to stabilize other functions Disable 27 59 Map Pickup LED 59N n Self Reset ...

Page 299: ...relevant Pickup output in the Pickup Config sub menu in the Output Config menu as this will allow the Pick up LED to operate for the function Gradually increase voltage until Pickup LED operates Apply 2x setting voltage and record operating time Apply a higher multiple of setting voltage and record operating time Compare to calculated values for operating times from 1 1 sec Vs Vn op M onds t Where...

Page 300: ...t reflect normal system operation Normal instantaneous operation of the frequency element is 140 175ms in line with the Performance Specification Application of sudden step changes to frequency can add additional delay which can produce misleading test results Gradually increase decrease applied voltage frequency until 81 n operation occurs Elements set for more extreme frequency fluctuation shoul...

Page 301: ...setting F Hertz U O DTL sec Hyst D O calc P U Freq Hertz D O Freq Hertz Operate Time 0 5Hz UV Guard NOTES If the element is set as 81 nU V Guarded this setting can be tested by applying the test voltage at a level below the 81 U V Guard Setting at a frequency in the operate range Increase the voltage until the relay operates UVG UVG Setting Volts Freq element Used for test Blocked Volts D O Unbloc...

Page 302: ...ominal frequency and increasing voltage only such that the operating level is simply the setting multiplied by Nominal Voltage 2 12 1 definite time 24DT If DTL setting is small gradually increase voltage until element operates If DTL is large apply 0 95x setting check for no operation apply 1 05x setting check operation Apply 0 9x voltage increase to 1 1x setting and record operating time Setting ...

Page 303: ...e inverse V f element should be tested at each of the points specified by settings that constitute the overall inverse characteristics Setting xVn Setting volts Hysteresis Calculated D O volts DTL Setting sec P U Volts D O Volts Operate Time NOTES X0 Y0 Setting xVn Setting volts DTL Setting sec Operate Time NOTES X1 Y1 X2 Y2 X3 Y3 X4 Y4 X5 Y5 X6 Y6 ...

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Page 305: ...ble Map Pickup LED 50BF n n Self Reset The circuit breaker fail protection time delays are initiated either from A binary output mapped as Trip Contact in the OUTPUT CONFIG BINARY OUTPUT CONFIG menu or A binary input mapped as 50BF Ext Trip in the INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX menu Or A binary input mapped as 50BF Mech Trip in the INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX menu These elements are operated from W1 and ...

Page 306: ...BF CB Faulty Operation No Delay Operation No Delay 50BF 1 I4 110 90 No Operation No Operation 50BF CB Faulty Operation No Delay Operation No Delay 50BF 2 110 90 No Operation No Operation 50BF CB Faulty Operation No Delay Operation No Delay 50BF 2 I4 110 90 No Operation No Operation 50BF CB Faulty Operation No Delay Operation No Delay If the circuit breaker can also receive a trip signal from a pro...

Page 307: ...t Supervision 74TCS 74CCS Figure 3 2 Trip Circuit Supervision Voltage Inputs n a Current Inputs n a Disable Map Pickup LED 74TCS n 74CCS n Self Reset The T CCS n Delay can be initiated by applying an inversion to the relevant status input and measured by monitoring of the alarm output TCS n Delay setting Measured CCS n Delay setting Measured ...

Page 308: ...rmonic content on this input is 100 i e greater than setting Full wave rectified current contains mostly 2nd harmonic and is the traditional method to generate it without advanced equipment If the Cross or Sum Blocking methods are used fundamental frequency current can be injected into the other winding simultaneously to operate protection elements if required to test the blocking operation Care s...

Page 309: ... to operate on the RMS current or the Fundamental current and the applied values are different when non sinusoidal waveforms are applied The Inrush Detector setting is based on the ratio of 2nd harmonic to fundamental This method is not suitable for use with constant current generating test sets such as modern digital equipment Full Sine RMS Rectified RMS Current Fundamental component 2nd Harmonic...

Page 310: ...ne on a current input will cause the block to be raised since the harmonic content on this input is 100 i e greater than setting Fundamental frequency current can be injected into the other winding simultaneously to operate the 87BD or 87HS protection elements if required to test the blocking operation Care should be taken that the thermal limits of the relay are not exceeded during these tests Mo...

Page 311: ...f this functionality is used the logic equations may interfere with testing of other protection functions in the relay The function of the Quick Logic equations should be tested conjunctively with connected plant or by simulation to assess suitability and check for correct operation on an individual basis with tests specifically devised to suit the particular application ...

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Page 313: ...s 3 Secondary injection of each element 5 2 Maintenance Relay failure will be indicated by the Protection Healthy LED being off or flashing A message may also be displayed on the LCD In the event of failure Siemens Protection Devices Ltd or the nearest Siemens office should be contacted The relay should be returned as a complete unit No attempt should be made to dismantle the unit to isolate and r...

Page 314: ...default instruments are enabled Remove all instruments from the default list and only add those that are required See Section 2 Settings and Instruments Cannot communicate with the relay Check that all of the communications settings match those used by ReyDisp Evolution Check that the Tx and Rx fibre optic cables are connected correctly Tx Rx and Rx Tx Check that all cables modems and fibre optic ...

Page 315: ...models press and hold CANCEL press and hold TEST press and hold ENTER then should appear While still pressing ENTER release the other keys Navigate to the software information screen using the TEST RESET button The following typical information uniquely identifies a particular relay model Older relay models may only display a subset of this information 6 2 2 Overall Software Information Software A...

Page 316: ... to this zip file is REYROLLE in capital letters 6 2 5 Loading Firmware using front USB port New firmware software may be loaded via the USB port on the front Fascia Check compatibility of software before starting the procedure The relay will not accept firmware software for which the MLFB ordering code is not supported Installation instructions are provided with the upgrade firmware and should be...

Page 317: ...ons 2 2 and 6 6 Drawing revisions to Fig 2 4 Fig 6 7 Fig 6 8 and Fig 6 9 References to IEC61869 2 added 2014 04 Revision to section 6 6 2013 01 Software revision 2662H85001 R7c 7b 2012 08 Addition of optional IEC 61850 communication protocol and Ethernet Interface 2010 06 Revisions to trip close circuit supervision diagrams 2010 02 Document reformat due to rebrand 2010 02 Third issue Software revi...

Page 318: ... 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 2 of 64 ...

Page 319: ...osils 30 2 5 Open Circuit 46BC 32 2 6 Negative Phase Sequence Overcurrent 46NPS 32 2 7 Undercurrent 37 32 2 8 Thermal Overload 49 33 2 8 1 Settings Guidelines 33 2 9 Under Over Voltage 27 59 35 2 10 Neutral Overvoltage 59N 36 2 10 1 Application with Capacitor Cone Units 36 2 11 Under Over Frequency 81 37 2 12 Over Fluxing Protection 24 38 Section 3 CT Requirements 39 3 1 CT Requirement for Differe...

Page 320: ...4 Transformer with Primary Connections Crossed on One Winding 56 6 5 Protection of Auto Transformers 57 6 6 Reactor Motor and Connections Protection 58 Section 7 Common Functions 59 7 1 Multiple Settings Groups 59 7 2 Binary Inputs 60 7 3 Binary Outputs 63 7 4 LEDs 63 ...

Page 321: ... Figure 4 1 Example Use of Quick Logic 41 Figure 5 1 Circuit Breaker Fail 45 Figure 5 2 Single Stage Circuit Breaker Fail Timing 45 Figure 5 3 Two Stage Circuit Breaker Fail Timing 46 Figure 5 4 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 1 H5 47 Figure 5 5 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 2 H6 48 Figure 5 6 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 3 H7 48 Figure 5 7 Close Circuit Supervision Scheme 49 Figure 6 1 Relay...

Page 322: ...rrent of current transformer at Vs volts INLR Non linear resistor Metrosil current Is Relay setting current P O C Primary operate current fault setting RCT Resistance of CT secondary winding RL Resistance of CT connection leads Rstab Resistance of stabilising resistor T Turns ratio of all current transformers Primary turns Secondary turns VFint Maximum secondary internal fault voltage Vk Kneepoint...

Page 323: ...power transformers The relay can also be used to provide differential protection for motors and reactors etc Basic functionality includes overall differential protection and two restricted earth fault REF protections i e REF protection for each transformer winding Optional current based and voltage based functionality can be used to provide integrated comprehensive transformer protection ...

Page 324: ... 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 8 of 64 ...

Page 325: ... the zone of differential protection covers both transformer windings The application of differential protection to transformers is complicated by The current magnitude change introduced by the transformer HV LV turns ratio The current ratio may also be variable due to the presence of an On Load Tap Changer OLTC The transformer connections which may introduce a phase change between the currents fl...

Page 326: ...ent dependent differential settings applying ICTOUT 1 makes the effected elements more sensitive To compensate for the resultant ICTOUT value the following settings must be multiplied by ICTOUT 87HS Setting 87BD Initial 87BD 1st Bias Slope Limit See examples in sections 0 and 2 1 6 2 1 2ICT Settings for Vector Group Correction Internal interposing current transformers are used to correct the CT se...

Page 327: ... Yd9 YNd9 Yd9 90 Yy0 0 Yd9 YNd9 Earthing Transformer Yd9 90 Ydy0 0 Yy10 Yny10 Yyn10 YNyn10 Ydy10 YNdy10 Ydyn10 Yndyn10 Dz10 Ydy10 60 Ydy0 0 Yd11 Ynd11 Yd11 30 Yy0 0 Yd11 Ynd11 Earthing Transformer Yd11 30 Ydy0 0 Dy1 Dyn1 Yy0 0 Yd11 30 Dy1 Dyn1 Earthing Transformer Ydy0 0 Yd11 30 Dy3 Dyn3 Yy0 0 Yd9 90 Dy3 Dyn3 Earthing Transformer Ydy0 0 Yd9 90 Dy5 Dyn5 Yy0 0 Yd7 150 Dy5 Dyn5 Earthing Transformer Y...

Page 328: ... the relay will operate Typically this setting is chosen to match the on load tap change range For example if the tap change range is 10 to 20 a setting of 0 3In is selected 87BD 1st Bias Slope Setting 0 0 to 0 7 Steady state unbalance current will appear in the differential operate circuit of the relay due to the transformer tap position relay tolerance and to CT measurement errors The differenti...

Page 329: ...ximum through fault will be 1 0 15 6 66 x rating A setting value is chosen that introduces the extra bias at half of the three phase through fault current level of the transformer so 6 66 2 3 33 and a setting of 3 would be selected as the nearest lower setting available 87BD 2nd Bias Slope Type Line Curve 87BD 2nd Bias Slope Setting 1 0 to 2 0 applied to Line only These settings are chosen to ensu...

Page 330: ... 8 x In has shown to be sufficiently sensitive for internal faults as well as providing stability during external faults and transient system conditions A Differential Highset Setting of 7 x In will be stable for a peak magnetizing inrush levels of 14 x rated current Smaller transformers generally will have lower impedance and therefore greater three phase through fault levels and magnetizing inru...

Page 331: ... 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 15 of 64 2 1 5Example 1 New Installation 90MVA Yd11 Transformer Fig 2 4 New Transformer Application Figure 2 5 AC Connections Example 1 ...

Page 332: ... load current 1500A 1 05 33 000 3 10 90 6 CT ratio 1600 1A is selected Note the 1 05 factor relates to the tap changer at mid tap position Step 2 Selection of ICT Multiplier Settings The outputs of the interposing CTs ICTOUT must be balanced for system healthy conditions where possible the balance is set at 1 00A at transformer rated current mid tap position HV Secondary current 0 98A 400 393 6 HV...

Page 333: ... 87BD 1st Bias Slope 0 3x OLTC 10 to 20 Gn 87BD 1st Bias Slope Limit 4 x In 1 0 14 x 0 5 3 6 x ICTOUT Gn 87BD 2nd Bias Slope Type Line Default value Gn 87BD 2nd Bias Slope 1 5x Default value Gn 87BD Delay 0 005s Gn 87BD Inrush Action Inhibit Gn 87BD Overfluxing Action Off DIFFERENTIAL PROT N 87HS Gn 87HS Element Enabled Gn 87HS Setting 8 x In I3PH THRU FAULT i e 1 0 14 7 14 x ICTOUT Gn 87HS Delay ...

Page 334: ...wing considers the operating levels for internal faults The fault setting for internal fault conditions is affected by the ICT Multiplier and ICT Connection settings applied W1 Internal Earth Fault Figure 2 7 Relay Currents Star Winding Internal Earth Notes A E fault causes current to flow in the A and C elements The Yd ICT connection reduces current flow by a factor of 1 3 Relay may indicate A an...

Page 335: ... 87T 1 1 1 00 1 00 B C Fault 0 589 0 589 1 178 x 1 06 Yy0 0 o Yd11 30o A B C Yd11 30 o 1 02 1 02 Figure 2 8 Relay Currents Star Winding Internal Phase Fault Notes B C fault causes current to flow in the A B and C elements The Yd ICT connection causes a 1 2 1 current distribution and introduces a 1 3 multiplying factor Relay may indicate three phase fault ...

Page 336: ...tion Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 20 of 64 W2 Internal Earth Fault Figure 2 9 Relay Currents Delta Winding Internal Earth Fault W2 Internal Phase Phase Fault Figure 2 10 Relay Currents Delta Winding Internal Phase Fault ...

Page 337: ... 589A A 0 B 1 06A C 1 06A A E A 1A B 0 C 0 A 0 589A B 0 C 0 589A A 1 06A B 0 C 0 The above analysis covers current distributions for internal faults The table illustrates that the Yd ICT has the effect of Modifying the amplitude of the ICTOUT currents Changing current distribution The above factors must be considered during any analysis of protection operations and indications A similar analysis c...

Page 338: ...ecommended that the existing LV line CTs connected in delta are reconnected as star Usually the interposing CTs associated with older schemes can be removed as both the vector group and current magnitude compensation functions are carried out within the 7SR24 This requires ICT settings to be programmed into the relay to correct for differences before the currents are applied to the differential al...

Page 339: ...wiring in star HV load current A 132 000 3 10 45 6 8 196 Re use 300 1A CTs LV load current A 33 000 3 10 45 6 9 747 95 0 Re use 560 0 577A CTs Step 2 Selection of Interposing CT Multiplier Settings HV Secondary current A 00 196 8 66 0 3 HV ICT Multiplier 1 0 66 1 54 LV Secondary current A 747 9 77 0 577 0 560 LV ICT Multiplier 1 0 77 1 30 Figure 2 13 Summary of ICT Settings ...

Page 340: ...T Gn 87BD 1st Bias Slope 0 2x OLTC 5 to 15 Gn 87BD 1st Bias Slope Limit 5 x In 1 0 1 x 0 5 5 x ICTOUT Gn 87BD 2nd Bias Slope Type Line Default value Gn 87BD 2nd Bias Slope 1 5x Default value Gn 87BD Delay 0 005s Gn 87BD Inrush Action Inhibit Gn 87BD Overfluxing Action Off DIFFERENTIAL PROT N 87HS Gn 87 HS Element Enabled Gn 87HS Setting 10 x In I3PH THRU FAULT i e 1 0 1 10 x ICTOUT Gn 87HS Delay 0...

Page 341: ...n installed To reduce cost and complexity it may be considered acceptable to implement the backup protection using elements within the main protection relay The relay is self supervised and this can be used as justification for allowing the backup protection to be included as part of the main differential protection relay The following elements can be included Three phase over current with IDMTL I...

Page 342: ...perating Time Seconds 0 01 0 10 1 00 10 00 100 00 1000 00 1 10 100 1000 Current x Is Operating Time Seconds Figure 2 14 IEC NI Curve with Time Multiplier and Follower DTL Applied 0 01 0 10 1 00 10 00 100 00 1000 00 1 10 100 1000 Current x Is Operating Time Seconds Figure 2 15 IEC NI Curve with Minimum Operate Time Setting Applied ...

Page 343: ...y circuit if the reset time of the relay was longer than the time between successive flashes To ensure time grading is maintained with other relays on the system a DTL or shaped ANSI only reset characteristic can be selected for all overcurrent and earth fault elements Where the substation feeds an outgoing overhead line network particularly where reclosers are installed instantaneous resetting is...

Page 344: ...here the impedance in the earth fault path is relatively high For a solidly earthed star winding the REF function is roughly twice as sensitive in detecting a winding earth fault than biased differential protection The stability of high impedance REF schemes depends upon the operate voltage setting being greater than the voltage which can appear across the element during the maximum assigned throu...

Page 345: ...nt transformers maintain their ratio The resistance of the secondary winding of the saturated CT together with the leads connecting it to the relay circuit terminals constitute the only burden in parallel with the relay The minimum required relay operate voltage setting Vs is given by T R R I V L CT F S 1 To ensure high speed relay operation the relay circuit operating voltage should be selected i...

Page 346: ...it Over Voltages Metrosils Non linear resistors are connected in parallel with the relay circuit to limit the peak voltage developed across the high impedance components during internal faults to a safe level below 3kV peak Where a Metrosil is not connected in circuit the peak voltage can be calculated from V R I x V 2 x 2 V K stab Fint K x Pk Notwithstanding the above calculation SPDL recommend t...

Page 347: ...table where the relay operate voltage is less than 100V a C value of 1000 is recommended for settings above 100V Metrosil short time power rating must Be sufficient to dissipate the heat created by the flow of maximum secondary internal fault current The Metrosil is chosen so that it can withstand IFint for the maximum fault clearance time For a failed circuit breaker condition the back up protect...

Page 348: ...ts and conditions such as broken primary connections that may produce significant NPS current This unbalance may cause rotating plant such as generators or motors to overheat and fail This may also be used to monitor the state of the tap changer and alarm for faults with diverter resistors or switches Typical Settings are 5 to 10 for Tap Changer alarm and 10 to 15 for system fault or broken conduc...

Page 349: ...quivalent to the factor k IB as defined in the IEC255 8 thermal operating characteristics It is the value of current above which 100 of thermal capacity will be reached after a period of time This setting should be set to 110 of the secondary current flowing when the transformer is at its full rating and on its minimum voltage tap position 49 Time Constant Setting A transformer may be required to ...

Page 350: ...include a margin of safety Therefore 49 Overload Setting 0 85 x In I 1 10 x 0 772 4 The time constant to apply will depend upon the transformer overload specification but in this case it was decided to set a time constant of 178 minutes This will allow an overload of 150 from ambient for about two hours before a trip is issued 5 The capacity alarm is a useful function and therefore it is set to 90...

Page 351: ...To confirm presence loss of supply the voltage elements should be set to values safely above below that where a normal system voltage excursion can be expected The switchgear plant design should be considered The Dead level may be very near to the live level or may be significantly below it The variable hysteresis setting allows the relay to be used with all types of switchgear System over voltage...

Page 352: ...s used it must be suitably time graded with other protections in order to prevent unwanted tripping for external system earth faults Figure 2 20 NVD Application Typically NVD protection measures the residual voltage 3V0 directly from an open delta VT or from capacitor cones see fig 2 13 2 below Figure 2 21 NVD Protection Connections 2 10 1 Application with Capacitor Cone Units Capacitor cones prov...

Page 353: ... until the frequency stabilises and returns to an acceptable level The 7SR24 has six under over frequency elements optional An example scheme may have the first load shedding stage set just below the nominal frequency e g between 49 0 49 5Hz A time delay element would be associated with this to allow for transient dips in frequency and to provide a time for the system regulating equipment to respo...

Page 354: ...acteristics User Definable Inverse curve Two Independent Definite Time Lag elements DTL User Definable V f Curve As the leakage flux will cause overheating an inverse type curve provides an appropriate match to the over fluxing withstand characteristics of a transformer The relay includes a user definable curve Where the transformer manufacturer has provided an over fluxing withstand curve the use...

Page 355: ...nsure fast tripping as its speed of operation is not affected significantly by CT saturation For high speed operation Vk 4 x IFS x RCT RL Where Vk CT knee point voltage IFS Max secondary 3 phase through fault current as limited by the transformer impedance RCT Secondary winding resistance of each star connected CT RL The CT secondary loop lead resistance Where the CTs used have a lower knee point ...

Page 356: ...y limit primary current will give an approximation of the secondary voltage it can produce while operating within the limit of its stated composite error 3 2 CT Requirements for High Impedance Restricted Earth Fault 64H For high impedance REF protection It is recommended that low reactance CTs conforming to IEC61869 2 Class PX are used Class PX CTs have a specified excitation characteristic and se...

Page 357: ... opened e g Binary Input 1 and that no current flows in the circuit e g 37 1 Virtual 1 Incomer 1 Relay is Configured CB1 Open auxiliary switch wired to B I 1 Trip output to CB1 B O 2 OUTPUT CONFIG OUTPUT MATRIX 37 1 V1 OUTPUT CONFIG OUTPUT MATRIX E1 BO3 CONTROL LOGIC QUICK LOGIC E1 O2 I1 V1 The output from Incomer 1 BO3 relay is input to the relay on CB 3 Binary Input 1 A panel switch may be used ...

Page 358: ... 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 42 of 64 ...

Page 359: ...monitored and if the even harmonic present in any phase exceeds the setting then all three phases are blocked This method is used for the majority of applications of the relay to power transformers Generally the default setting of 0 20 x Id provides stable operation Sum The level of even harmonic current 2nd and 4th in the differential signal for each phase is measured The square root is taken of ...

Page 360: ...lity for inrush current Generally the above values will be stable for most cases but in rare cases may not prevent relay operation for all angles of point on wave switching and the setting may require being lower slightly If the relay operates when the transformer is energised the waveform record should be examined for signs of fault current and the levels of harmonic current Set to 0 20 x Id unle...

Page 361: ... and two timers Current in each phase is monitored and if any of the 50BF current check elements have not reset before the timers have expired an output is given Typically a single stage scheme is used DTL1 is wired to back trip the adjacent CBs e g via the busbar protection system Alternatively the first timer output can be wired to re trip the failed CB through a different trip coil and the seco...

Page 362: ...ircuit Breaker Fail Timing Example of Required Settings e g HV CB FUNCTION CONFIG Gn CB Fail Enabled SUPERVISION CB FAIL 50BF 1 Gn 50BF 1 Element Enabled Gn 50BF 1 Setting 0 2 x In Gn 50BF 1 1 Delay 120ms Gn 50BF 1 2 Delay 250ms INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX 50BF 1 Ext Trip BIn OUTPUT CONFIG OUTPUT MATRIX 50BF 1 1 BOn Ln 50BF 1 2 BOn Ln OUTPUT CONFIG BINARY OUTPUT CONFIG CB1 Trip Contacts BOn The abov...

Page 363: ...ving spurious alarm messages while the circuit breaker is operating the input is given a 0 4s Drop off Delay in the INPUT CONFIG BINARY INPUT CONFIG menu To provide an alarm output a normally open binary output is mapped to 74TCS n 5 4 1 Trip Circuit Supervision Connections The following circuits are derived from UK ENA S15 standard schemes H5 H6 and H7 For compliance with this standard Where more...

Page 364: ...t breaker Open or Closed It does not provide pre closing supervision of the connections and links between the tripping contacts and the circuit breaker and may not therefore be suitable for some circuits which include an isolating link Scheme 3 Comprehensive 19V Binary Input Only Figure 5 6 Trip Circuit Supervision Scheme 3 H7 Scheme 3 provides full Trip and Close supervision with the circuit brea...

Page 365: ...emens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 49 of 64 5 4 2 Close Circuit Supervision Connections Figure 5 7 Close Circuit Supervision Scheme Close circuit supervision with the circuit breaker Open or Closed ...

Page 366: ... 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 50 of 64 ...

Page 367: ...hout corresponding current to flow in the line CTs on the star side of the transformer If these zero sequence currents are allowed to flow through the differential elements they may cause undesired tripping Figure 6 1 Relay Currents External Earth Fault with In Zone Earthing Transformer To prevent undesired tripping the ICT connections should be such as to cause the zero sequence currents to flow ...

Page 368: ...s Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 52 of 64 Figure 6 2 Relay Currents External Earth Fault with In Zone Earthing Transformer Figure 6 3 7SR24 Applied to Yd Transformer with an In Zone Earthing Transformer ...

Page 369: ...transformer external to the differential protection zone will cause zero sequence currents to flow in the CTs on the LV side without corresponding current to flow in the line CTs on the HV side If these zero sequence currents are allowed to flow through the differential elements they may cause undesired tripping The transformer has a phase shift of zero To prevent undesired tripping for external f...

Page 370: ...f configuring the 7SR24 relay Solution 1 Figure 6 5 shows W1 and W2 CT secondary wiring crossed over to replicating the crossovers on the transformer primary connections Figure 6 5 AC Connections Yd9 900 Transformer Non standard Secondary Connections Notes An advantage of the above is that the 7SR24 relay can be set to correspond to the vector group shown on the main transformer rating plate i e Y...

Page 371: ... Connection is set to Yd9 90 and ICT2 Connection is set to Ydy0 0 Fig 6 6 AC Connections Yd9 900 Transformer Standard Secondary Connections Notes An advantage of the approach above is that standard secondary wiring connections are used The 7SR24 relay setting correspond to the power system vector relationship i e Yd9 90 Relay instruments will indicate system quantities rather than transformer quan...

Page 372: ...e of the system For this arrangement W1 and W2 CT secondary wiring must be crossed over to replicate the crossovers on the transformer primary connections see Fig 6 7 Fig 6 7 Dyn11 Transformer with Reverse Phase Notation Notes The 7SR24 relay is set to correspond to the vector group shown on the main transformer rating plate i e Dy11 30 Relay instruments will indicate transformer quantities rather...

Page 373: ...al protection for external faults a zero sequence shunt is required this is implemented by selecting ICT Connection setting on both sets of CT inputs to Ydy0 The inrush inhibit 81HBL2 must be Enabled as the magnetising inrush currents in each phase will not balance Fig 6 8 AC Connections for Auto Transformer Overall Protection Fig 6 9 AC Connections for Auto Transformer Overall and REF Protection ...

Page 374: ... currents Series reactor Through fault current limited by reactor Shunt reactor Single end fed faults only Motor Single end fed faults only Generator Single end fed faults only Primary current values are not subject to variation due to tap changing as in transformer OLTC applications the 87BD and 87BD 1st Bias Slope can both be set to 0 1 The inrush inhibit feature 81HBL2 must be enabled as the ma...

Page 375: ...ions Allowable short term overloads Loss of Grid connection see below Figure 7 1 Example Use of Alternative Settings Groups RADIAL SUBSTATION Start generators Select alternate settings group Local Generation Industrial system draws power from grid system during normal operation Relays normally use settings group 1 On loss of mains Local generation switched in Non essential loads tripped Relays on ...

Page 376: ...lz Surge conditions The Binary Inputs can be mapped to LED s waveform storage trigger and binary outputs The inputs can also be mapped as General Alarms this allows user defined text to be displayed on the LCD when the BI is energised Inputs used in this way are programmed using INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX General Alarm n Assigned to BI INPUT CONFIG GENERAL ALARMS General Alarm n 16 character string...

Page 377: ...elay The binary inputs will be less likely to mal operate if they 1 Have both the positive and negative switched double pole switched 2 Do not have extensive external wiring associated with them e g if the wiring is confined to the relay room Where a binary input is both used to influence a control function e g provide a tripping function and it is considered to be susceptible to mal operation the...

Page 378: ...ve IOP 50mA 1K2 330 BI DTL 10ms 10µF 60V Capacitance discharge BI DTL 10ms 10µF 150V Capacitance discharge BI 19V BI 19V BI 19V BI 19V BI 19V Resistor power ratings 30V DC Nominal 3W 48V DC Nominal 3W 110V DC Nominal 10W ESI 1 110V DC Nominal 20W ESI 2 Resistors must be wired with crimped connections as they may run hot 110V DC Nominal 87 5 137 5V Operative IOP 25mA 2K7 110V DC Nominal 87 5 137 5V...

Page 379: ...he relay will then reset and attempt to interrupt trip coil current flowing through an output contact Where this level is above the break rating of the output contact an auxiliary relay with heavy duty contacts should be utilised 7 4 LEDS Output function LEDs are mapped to output functions by means of settings These could be used to display such digital signals as trips a general pick up plant con...

Page 380: ... 2015 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 64 of 64 ...

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