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E149701
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1: Three-Phase Power Measurement
It is often assumed that power quality problems originate with the utility. While it is
true that many power quality problems can originate with the utility system, many
problems originate with customer equipment. Customer-caused problems may mani-
fest themselves inside the customer location or they may be transported by the utility
system to another adjacent customer. Often, equipment that is sensitive to power
quality problems may in fact also be the cause of the problem.
If a power quality problem is suspected, it is generally wise to consult a power quality
professional for assistance in defining the cause and possible solutions to the
problem.
Cause
Disturbance Type
Source
Impulse transient
Transient voltage disturbance,
sub-cycle duration
Lightning
Electrostatic discharge
Load switching
Capacitor switching
Oscillatory
transient with decay
Transient voltage, sub-cycle
duration
Line/cable switching
Capacitor switching
Load switching
Sag/swell
RMS voltage, multiple cycle
duration
Remote system faults
Interruptions
RMS voltage, multiple
seconds or longer duration
System protection
Circuit breakers
Fuses
Maintenance
Under voltage/over voltage
RMS voltage, steady state,
multiple seconds or longer
duration
Motor starting
Load variations
Load dropping
Voltage flicker
RMS voltage, steady state,
repetitive condition
Intermittent loads
Motor starting
Arc furnaces
Harmonic distortion
Steady state current or volt-
age, long-term duration
Non-linear loads
System resonance
Table 1.3: Typical Power Quality Problems and Sources
Summary of Contents for Shark 200
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