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or remove them entirely at any time. Since most effects require complex numeric calculations, real-
time effects processing puts a heavy load on your computer’s CPU. If you use too many effects, the
CPU will not be able to keep up and playback will sound choppy and disconnected.

You can also apply real-time audio effects to a submix in a bus. For example, rather than patching
separate reverb effects in each of several guitar tracks, you can mix the guitar tracks together in a bus
and apply a single reverb effect to the submix. This makes much more efficient use of CPU time.
Patching effects on a bus also opens up new creative possibilities.

There are several reasons why you might want to apply effects offline (destructively):

•

If you want to apply more effects than your CPU can handle, applying some of the effects offline
will reduce CPU usage during playback.

•

If you want to apply effects to an individual audio clip, rather than the whole track, it is simpler to
do so using offline effects.

The

File-Export-Audio

command, allows you to apply real-time effects when you export, so you do not

need to apply your effects destructively or use the

Edit-Bounce to Track(s)

command to prepare the

tracks beforehand. For information about exporting audio, see “Preparing Audio for Distribution” on
page 413.

All plug-in effects and soft synths have a Preset window you can use to save and recall your favorite
settings for those plug-ins.

Effects Parameters

Each effect in an effects patch point has its own independent set of parameter values. For example, you
can apply a short reverb in one track and a long reverb in another track. The dialog boxes for real-time
effects contain the same parameters as the offline effects, though there are a few differences:

•

You can adjust the parameters while playback is in progress, so there is no need for an Audition
button.

•

For Audio effects, because mixing is handled through the Track view or Console view, there is no
Mixing tab.

•

You do not need to click OK for the effect to be applied.

Refer to the sections “MIDI Effects (MIDI Plug-ins)” on page 295 and “Audio Effects (Audio Plug-ins)”
on page 345 for descriptions of the effects and their parameters.

How to Use Real-Time Effects

You can patch effects into the tracks and buses in both the Track view and Console view. After you
patch one or more effects into an FX bin, you can reorder the effects, delete them, or add new ones.

An FX bin in a track in the Track view

An FX bin in a bus in the Track
view

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Summary of Contents for Cakewalk SONAR

Page 1: ...Cakewalk SONAR User s Guide ...

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Page 3: ...this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording for any purpose without the express written permission of Twelve Tone Systems Inc Copyright 2005 Twelve Tone Systems Inc All rights reserved Program Copyright 2005 Twelve Tone Systems Inc All rights reserved ACID is a trademark of Sonic Foundry Inc Cakewalk is a ...

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Page 5: ...nt 26 Sound Production and Engineering 26 Web Authoring 26 Film and Video Scoring and Production 26 Flexibility 27 Computers Sound and Music 27 MIDI 27 Digital Audio 28 Installing SONAR 28 Setup 29 Audio Connections 30 MIDI Connections 31 Starting SONAR 31 SONAR Basics 35 SONAR File Types 35 Opening a File 36 Views 36 Working on a Project 47 Windows Taskbar Indicators 48 Screen Colors and Wallpape...

Page 6: ...he Sampling Rate 71 Setting the Audio Driver Bit Depth and Recording Bit Depth 71 Open a New Project 72 Setting Up an Audio Track 72 Checking the Input Levels 72 Recording Digital Audio 73 Listening to the Recording 73 Recording Another Take 74 Input Monitoring 74 Loop and Punch In Recording 74 Recording Multiple Channels 74 Tutorial 4 Editing MIDI 75 Transposing 75 Copying Clips with Drag and Dro...

Page 7: ...97 Tutorial 9 Drum Maps 99 Create a New Project 99 Creating a Drum Map 99 Create a Drum Track 99 Map Drum Notes to Different Outputs 100 3 Controlling Playback 103 The Now Time and How to Use It 104 The Now Time Marker 106 Displaying the Now Time in Large Print 107 Other Ways to Set the Now Time 107 The Time Ruler 108 Controlling Playback 109 Handling Stuck Notes 110 Looping 110 Track by Track Pla...

Page 8: ...xporting a Project to a FireWire DV Device 142 Synchronizing External Video Playback to Audio 143 Locating Missing Audio 143 The Find Missing Audio File Dialog 143 Restoring Missing Audio Files 144 Managing Shared and External Files 144 4 Recording 145 Creating a New Project 146 Using Per Project Audio Folders 146 Creating a New Project File 146 Setting the Meter and Key Signatures 147 Setting the...

Page 9: ...cs 181 5 Arranging 183 Arranging Tracks 184 Changing the Order of Tracks 184 Inserting Tracks 186 Configuring the Display of Tracks in the Track View 187 Copying Tracks 188 Erasing Tracks 188 Track Templates 189 Track Icons 190 Arranging Clips 191 Displaying Clips 191 Using the Navigator View 194 Double clicking Clips 194 Selecting Clips 194 Moving and Copying Clips 195 Nudge 198 Nudge Settings 19...

Page 10: ...he Loop Explorer View 231 Folders Pane 232 Contents List Pane 232 Working with Loops 233 Working with Groove Clips 234 How Groove Clips Work in SONAR 234 Using Groove Clips 235 Creating and Editing Groove Clips 235 Editing Slices 237 Saving Groove Clips as Wave Files ACIDized Wave Files 238 Using Pitch Markers in the Track View 238 MIDI Groove Clips 239 Exporting and Importing MIDI Groove Clips 24...

Page 11: ...ts in Time 263 Inserting Time or Measures into a Project 263 Stretching and Shrinking Events 265 Reversing Notes in a Clip 267 Adding Crescendos and Decrescendos 267 Slip Editing MIDI Non destructive Editing 268 Slip Editing Modes 268 Using Slip Editing for MIDI Clips 268 Slip editing Multiple MIDI Clips 270 Changing the Timing of a Recording 270 Quantizing 270 Fit Improvisation 278 Snap to Scale ...

Page 12: ...ying Tracks in the Drum Grid Pane 308 Velocity Tails 309 Editing Note Velocities 309 Previewing a Mapped Sound 310 The Note Map Pane 310 Changing Mapped note Settings 310 The Drum Grid Pane 311 Grid Lines 311 The Pattern Brush Tool 312 How the Pattern Brush Tool Works 312 Creating Custom Patterns 313 9 Editing Audio 315 Digital Audio Fundamentals 316 Basic Acoustics 316 Example A Guitar String 316...

Page 13: ...ectly Applying Audio Effects 346 Shifting Pitch 346 Stretching Time and Pitch 347 10 Working with Software Synthesizers 349 Synth Rack View 350 Synth Tracks 350 Inserting Soft Synths 350 Multi port Soft Synths 351 Inserting a Soft Synth 351 Opening a Soft Synth s Property Page 353 Playing a Soft Synth 353 Muting and Soloing Soft Synth Tracks 355 Converting Your Soft Synth Tracks to Audio 355 Autom...

Page 14: ...Peak Markers 382 Waveform Preview for Buses and Synth Tracks 383 Freeze Tracks and Synths 384 Using Real Time Effects 386 Effects Parameters 387 How to Use Real Time Effects 387 Presets 389 Effects on Clips 390 V Vocal Clips 391 Using V Vocal 392 Playing Back V Vocal Clips 393 Pitch Editing 394 Editing Time 397 Editing Formants 397 Editing Dynamics 398 Context Menu 398 Keyboard Shortcuts 399 Using...

Page 15: ...ound Effects 435 The SurroundBridge 435 Effect Property Pages 435 Effect Presets 435 How to Patch and Configure Surround Effects 435 Importing Surround Mixes 437 Exporting Surround Mixes 438 13 Automation 439 Quick Automation Guide 440 The Automation Toolbar 441 Automation Methods 441 Recording Individual Fader or Knob Movements 441 Creating and Editing Audio Envelopes 442 Creating and Editing MID...

Page 16: ...ruments 462 Key Bindings 463 Importing Key Bindings 465 Exporting Key Bindings 465 15 Working with Notation and Lyrics 467 The Staff View 468 Opening the Staff View 469 Staff Pane Layout 469 The Staff Pane Right Click Menu 469 The Fretboard 471 Fretboard Popup Menu 471 Basic Musical Editing 472 Inserting Notes on the Staff 472 Inserting Notes with the Fretboard 473 Selecting Notes 473 Moving Copyi...

Page 17: ... Printing 494 The Meter Key View 495 What Is Meter 495 What Is Key 495 Opening the Meter Key View 496 Adding and Editing Meter Key Changes 496 Music Notation for Non concert key Instruments 498 Working with Lyrics 498 Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Staff View 499 Opening the Lyrics View 500 Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Lyrics View 500 16 Using Instrument Definitions 503 Assigning Instruments...

Page 18: ... Output 522 Edit Bytes 522 Load Bank and Save Bank 523 Transmitting Banks During Playback 523 Real time Recording of System Exclusive Messages 524 Sysx Echo 524 Sysx INI File Settings 524 Troubleshooting 525 18 Synchronizing Your Gear 527 Synchronization Overview 528 Choosing Clock Sources When SONAR is the Master 529 MIDI Synchronization 529 SONAR as the Slave 530 SONAR as the Master 531 Using MI...

Page 19: ...51 Bit Depths for Rendering Audio 552 Preparing Higher quality Audio for CD Burning 552 Improving Performance with Digital Audio 553 Getting the Most Out of Your PC 553 Mixing Latency 555 ASIO Drivers 555 Queue Buffers 555 Status Bar CPU Meter Disk Meter 555 21 Appendix A Troubleshooting 557 When I Play a File I Don t Hear Anything 557 I Can t Record from My MIDI Instrument 559 When I Play a File ...

Page 20: ...t Your MIDI Equipment 567 Set Up to Record Digital Audio 570 23 Appendix C New Features in SONAR 5 575 V Vocal 575 Integrated VST Support 575 Inline Piano Roll View 575 Streamlined Piano Roll View 575 Improved MIDI Step Recording 576 64 bit Audio Engine 576 Video Output to FireWire Devices 576 Grouping Enhancements 576 Per Clip Effects Bins 576 Float File Support and Multiple Bit Depths 577 Track ...

Page 21: ... Scale Zoom Control 578 Audio Meter Enhancements 579 Enhanced Preset Management 579 Interleave Indicator in FX Bins 579 Track Templates 579 Track Icons 579 Tabbed Views 579 Add Nodes at Selection Command 579 Round Envelope Nodes 579 24 Index 581 ...

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Page 23: ...tion you can use for troubleshooting setting up SONAR for use with audio hardware and SONAR s new features Registering SONAR Today New Cakewalk products will require product registration When you register your product you provide some information including your name and email address as well as the serial number for your product Product registration can be done quickly on the internet or by phone ...

Page 24: ...user community using one of the Cakewalk forums For more information about the newsgroups visit www cakewalk com You can also get technical support directly from Cakewalk In order to obtain technical support you must register your product You can obtain technical support for this product in the following ways Visit http www cakewalk com Support SONAR SR5 asp Call Cakewalk Technical Support at 1 61...

Page 25: ...AR is more than an integrated MIDI and digital audio authoring software package it s an expandable platform that can function as the central nervous system of your recording studio With drivers for common high end audio hardware full support for audio plug ins software synthesizers MFX MIDI plug ins and MIDI Machine Control MMC of external MIDI gear SONAR can handle your most demanding projects In...

Page 26: ...s no better tool than SONAR for composing music for electronic games Clip based sequencing lets you create and reuse musical themes freely so you can associate musical sections with game characters locations objects and actions Your creations can be saved and replayed using the compact MIDI file format which adapts its sound automatically to the target hardware for the best possible sound reproduc...

Page 27: ...th from the computer to the instrument and from the instrument to the computer For example if your computer wants your keyboard to play a note it sends a MIDI Note On message and tells the keyboard which note to play When your computer wants the keyboard to stop playing that note it sends another message that stops the note from playing The MIDI language has many other instructions such as message...

Page 28: ...s and saves the strength of the electrical signal from the microphone on a scale from 0 to 65 535 That s it Digital audio data is just a long series of numbers The computer sends these numbers in the form of electrical signals to a speaker The speaker then vibrates and generates the same sound that was recorded The primary advantage of digital audio is the quality of the sound Unlike MIDI a digita...

Page 29: ...ilable and provide you with technical support To register anytime log onto http www cakewalk com register or call 888 CAKEWALK U S or 617 423 9004 outside the U S between 9 AM and 8 PM Eastern Standard Time If you live outside of North America please visit our distributor s page at www cakewalk com Dealers International asp to get the telephone number of your local distributor You ll need to suppl...

Page 30: ...nals depending on the type of digital connection The following table describes the various analog inputs and outputs The following table describes the various digital inputs and outputs Read your hardware documentation carefully to determine what kind of digital connections if any you have on your audio interface To Connect an Electric Guitar to Your Computer If your sound card has a 1 8 inch inpu...

Page 31: ...MIDI Connections Use the following procedure to connect a MIDI instrument to your computer To Connect a MIDI Keyboard to Your Computer 1 One of the 5 pin connectors on the MIDI cable is labeled Out Plug this connector into the MIDI In jack on your electronic keyboard 2 The other 5 pin connector on the MIDI cable is labeled In Plug this connector into the MIDI Out jack on your electronic keyboard 3...

Page 32: ...gs from an earlier Cakewalk version Option How to use it Open a Project Choose a project from the Open File dialog box to open it Open a Recent Project Select a project from the list and click this button to open it Create a New Project Click here to create a new project Getting Started Click here to view the Getting Started topic in the help file This topic has links to a glossary of terms as wel...

Page 33: ...default settings Setting Up the MIDI In and MIDI Out Devices When you start SONAR for the first time it checks your computer to find all the MIDI input and output devices you have installed such as sound cards and MIDI interfaces However sometimes you need to tell SONAR exactly which devices you want it to use If you re not getting sound from your sound card or MIDI keyboard or if you just want to...

Page 34: ...t all the devices that appear in the window to select them for output Using MIDI Devices After Making Driver Changes If you later add or remove drivers using the Drivers icon of the Windows Control Panel SONAR reacts in the following way If you remove a Control Panel driver SONAR will not use the device it belongs to the next time you run the program Any other devices you had selected using the Op...

Page 35: ...d or music made by each instrument or voice in a project For example a song that is arranged for four instruments and one vocalist may have 5 tracks one for each instrument and one for the vocals Each project can have an unlimited number of tracks Some of these tracks may be used in your finished project while others can hold alternate takes backup tracks and variations that you might want to keep...

Page 36: ...AR displays your project in windows on the screen that are known as views You can have many views open at once all showing the same project When you edit a project in one view the other related views are updated automatically The Track View The Track view is the main window that you use to create display and work with a project When you open a project file SONAR displays the Track view for the pro...

Page 37: ...ettings for each track By default the current track is displayed in gold To change the current track move the highlight using the mouse or the keyboard as follows Key What it does Left Right Arrow Moves the highlight to the next or previous control Up Down Arrow Moves to the same control in the adjacent track or the next track of the same type if the control only applies to a specific track type f...

Page 38: ... can also use the Shift click and Ctrl click combinations when selecting tracks and clips Holding the Shift key while you click adds tracks or clips to the current selection Holding the Ctrl key while you click lets you toggle the selection status of tracks or clips Track Bus Inspector The Track Bus Inspector makes it easy to adjust the current track s or bus s controls because it s a greatly expa...

Page 39: ...ume fader Output menu Trim Track Bus Inspector for a MIDI Track Choose track or bus menu Fx bin large view with assignable sliders Send controls MIDI ch Bank Patch Input Echo Mute Solo Arm Pan Volume fader Output menu Click to select the Track Bus Inspector controls you want to display Input menu Icon Icon ...

Page 40: ...dio tracks and busses shows the built in EQ controls When yellow shows band 1 when blue shows all 4 bands In MIDI tracks it has no function FX button when yellow shows the FX bin in audio tracks and busses When blue also shows the first 4 parameters of the selected effect if it s an automatable effect In MIDI tracks shows the FX bin when yellow When blue shows sliders for 4 assignable MIDI continu...

Page 41: ...ck combinations of tracks or the final mix The Console view contains several groups of controls There is one module for each track in your project and one module for each bus You can use bus sends to direct certain tracks to special modules that are known as buses As in the Track view you can change track settings or record new music or sound in the Console view You may choose to use one view or t...

Page 42: ...ows the notes from a MIDI track or tracks as they would appear on a player piano roll You can move the notes around make them longer or shorter and change their pitches by just dragging them with the mouse You can also use the Piano Roll view to display and edit MIDI velocity controllers and other types of information The Piano Roll view also contains the Drum Editor which allows you to paint drum...

Page 43: ... delete notes create percussion parts add guitar chords and other notation markings display guitar tablature display the Fretboard pane and print whole scores or individual parts to share with other musicians The Loop Construction view allows you to create and edit Groove clips SONAR loops that know the tempo and key in which they were recorded and export these clips as ACIDized files ...

Page 44: ...ge the meter time signature or key signature or to insert changes in the meter or key signature at specific times in a project Big Time To display the Now time in a large resizable font that you can read more easily Markers To add move rename or delete labels for parts of your project that make it easier to move from one point to another Lyrics To add and display lyrics for a track Video To displa...

Page 45: ...o zoom in incrementally or press Shift and click to zoom all the way in Zoom fader Click and drag to zoom continuously Zoom tool Click to arm then click and drag in the view to select the zoom area Click the dropdown arrow to display a menu of zoom and view options Key What it does Ctrl up arrow Zoom out vertically Ctrl down arrow Zoom in vertically Ctrl right arrow Zoom in horizontally Ctrl left ...

Page 46: ...to window A Show all tracks Shift F Fit project to window Shift Double Click a clip Maximize track height To do this Do this Display a view in tabbed format Click the upper left corner of a view and choose Enable Tabbed from the popup menu Disable tabbed format for a view Right click the view s tab and choose Disable Tabbed from the popup menu Enable or disable tabbed format for all open views Use...

Page 47: ... screen just the way you want When you save your work you can save the screen layout along with it You can also save the layout by itself and then use the layout with other projects For more information see the online help topic Layouts Working on a Project Much of your time in SONAR is spent recording and listening to your project as it develops The Transport toolbar shown below contains the most...

Page 48: ...NAR lets you customize the colors that are used for virtually all parts of the program using the Options Colors command This command also lets you change the background bitmap that is displayed in the SONAR window For any SONAR screen element you can assign a color in two ways Choose one of the colors that is part of your Windows color scheme Assign a custom color To Assign Custom Colors 1 Choose ...

Page 49: ... overview of SONAR and basic information on how to install the software and configure your system To get started with SONAR try the Tutorials in Chapter 2 To do this Do this Use the default wallpaper Check Default in the Wallpaper list Not use any wallpaper Check None in the Wallpaper list Use a custom bitmap Check Custom choose a bitmap and click Open ...

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Page 51: ...udio 71 Tutorial 4 Editing MIDI 75 Tutorial 5 Editing Audio 81 Tutorial 6 Using Groove Clips 84 Tutorial 7 Mixing 92 Tutorial 8 Using Soft Synths 96 Tutorial 9 Drum Maps 99 Note If during installation you chose in the Select Components dialog not to install the Tutorials folder part of the Sample files you will not have access to the sample tutorial files needed to follow the tutorials in this cha...

Page 52: ...he outputs you are telling SONAR from which outputs you want to hear the sounds You may have a soundcard with a built in synthesizer or a MIDI keyboard that produces sounds We will discuss using these with a project later on in the tutorial First we will explore using a software synthesizer to hear a project s MIDI tracks A software synthesizer is a software program that produces various sounds th...

Page 53: ...ing any adjustments here in this tutorial Close the TTS 1 property page interface by clicking X in the upper right corner of the window Now that you have a software synthesizer available for use you can continue preparing the project for playback We now need to direct our MIDI tracks to the Cakewalk TTS 1 To Choose MIDI Outputs for Your Project s Tracks 1 In the Track view click the dropdown arrow...

Page 54: ...dio Outputs 1 Select Options Audio from the menu The Audio Options dialog box appears 2 Click the Drivers tab in the Audio Options dialog box 3 In the Output Drivers field select the drivers you want enabled All enabled drivers appear highlighted Be sure to enable the driver of the audio device connected to your speakers or headphones 4 Click OK Your desired audio output will now be available for ...

Page 55: ...uts enabled you may occasionally get MIDI transmission errors or an out of memory message You can try either deselecting some outputs or lowering the number of Sysx buffers by using the Options Global command to open the Global Options dialog box on the MIDI tab lower the value in the Number of Buffers field to 16 4 Return to the Track view and reassign the Output menu setting on any MIDI tracks y...

Page 56: ...ere playback will start up again if playback is stopped The Now time is indicated in the Clips pane by a vertical black line which moves as your project plays to indicate what part of your project is playing When playback is stopped at the top of the black line you will see a green triangle This triangle known as the Now time marker represents the point at which the Now time will snap back to afte...

Page 57: ...oject again do the following 1 If the Now time marker is at a measure other than the first click the Rewind button or press w to go back to the first measure 2 Click the Play button or press the Spacebar To Pause Playback To temporarily pause playback hit Ctrl Spacebar By default hitting just the Spacebar or Stop or Play will rewind the project to the Now time marker rather than pausing at the cur...

Page 58: ...xt or previous marker by pressing Ctrl Shift Page Down or Ctrl Shift Page Up For more information on markers see the online help topic Creating and Using Markers Restarting the Project Automatically Wouldn t it be easier to practice your solo if you didn t have to restart the project each time it ended Rather than manually rewinding and restarting the project you can make SONAR automatically jump ...

Page 59: ...ag markers that indicate the loop start and end times You can drag these markers to change the loop start and end times To turn looping off click the Loop button again Looping Over a Section of the Project Maybe you would like to practice one section of the project over and over Or maybe you d like one section played repeatedly so you can practice an extended solo In either case you need to set th...

Page 60: ... the pace a little Do the following 1 With the project playing click on the tempo value in the Tempo toolbar The tempo will be highlighted and spin controls will appear 2 Use the spin controls to increase the tempo to 100 beats per minute 3 Press Enter The project will play a little faster Changing the Tempo with the Tempo Ratio Buttons By default the Tempo Ratio buttons let you play the project a...

Page 61: ...ts you don t want to hear For example suppose that you are practicing the piano part for this project and want to hear only the other instruments Let s mute the piano part With the project playing do the following 1 In the Track pane click the Mute button in the Piano track track 1 The button turns yellow and the piano part drops out of the project 2 To turn the piano back on click the Mute button...

Page 62: ...le view contains Mute and Solo buttons identical to those in the Track view The two sets of buttons are synchronized To see this do the following 1 In the Console view mute the Bass Sax and Drums tracks 2 Solo the Piano track 3 In the Track view check that the first track is soloed and that tracks 2 3 and 5 are muted Click the enabled Solo and Mute buttons to return the tracks to normal Changing a...

Page 63: ...ack Bus Inspector which is a vertically expanded version of the current track s controls at the far left side of the Track view The current track is the one with the gold title bar Whichever track s controls that you click becomes the current track For example to change the Piano track s patch click the Patch button in the Piano track s Track Bus Inspector and choose a new patch from the menu The ...

Page 64: ...ct SONAR plays the piano part through your keyboard Or if you prefer the procedure is similar in the Console view 1 In the Console view to display use the View Console command click the Output button in the Piano module to open the menu of outputs The Output button is just below the volume fader 2 Select the output that your keyboard is attached to 3 Play your project Tutorial 2 Recording MIDI Thi...

Page 65: ...me Let s set up the metronome to play audio for two count in measures when recording Here s what to do 1 In the Metronome toolbar click in the Count in box 2 Use the or buttons to set the count in value to 2 3 Click the Count in Measures option to select it 4 Deselect the Metronome During Record option 5 Select the Use Audio Metronome option By disabling the Metronome During Record option you caus...

Page 66: ... tempo ratio to make your recording session easier Recording MIDI Now you ll record a track in the project Do the following 1 Make sure your instrument is turned on and set up to transmit MIDI data 2 If you don t have an unused MIDI track in the project create a new MIDI track by right clicking in the Track pane and selecting Insert MIDI Track from the menu that appears 3 In a MIDI track click the...

Page 67: ...ays the track as a player piano roll The Staff view shows notes in traditional music notation The Event List view lists all MIDI events for the track When you need to edit a track you can work in any of these views On different occasions you may have reason to use different views More information about the Piano Roll Staff and Event List views can be found in later chapters of this manual or in th...

Page 68: ...ne and the Clips pane to the right 2 In the Snap to Grid dialog box click the Musical Time button and select Measure from the list of durations In the Mode field select Move To and click OK to close the dialog box Now you can only select exact one measure blocks of time in the Time Ruler which is located at the top of the Clips pane 3 In the Time Ruler drag through the first four measures to selec...

Page 69: ...al takes press the Track Layers button on the track strip The track will then expand to show all clips on separate layers that can be muted and soloed indivdiually For more information on Track Layers see the online help topic Take Management and Comping Takes Punch In Recording Imagine that one of your takes was close to ideal except for one or two notes in one measure Rather than recording anoth...

Page 70: ...turn it off 10 Click Rewind 11 Click Record Play along until you are past the punch end time then click Stop Replay your take to hear the difference If it s still not right try again An alternative method is to select measures by dragging in the Time Ruler Then right click the Time Ruler and choose Set Punch Points This automatically enables punch recording You can combine loop recording with punc...

Page 71: ...sampling rate 1 Choose Options Audio to open the Audio Options dialog box 2 Click the General tab 3 Under Default Settings for New Projects select a Sampling Rate For CD quality sound use 44100 Hz 4 Click OK Lower sampling rates will save disk space but will result in lower quality audio Before embarking on any major project consider what media your project will eventually be stored on and what sa...

Page 72: ...audio output from the menu 3 In the track s Input field choose an audio input Usually you select the left channel of one of your sound card s inputs to record a mono track or the stereo input to record a stereo track The Normal template has several audio tracks in it already which you could use to record with You don t have to insert a new audio track to record with if your project already has one...

Page 73: ...ng Digital Audio It s time to record 1 If you haven t already set up the metronome follow the directions in Setting Up the Metronome on page 65 to set the metronome for a two measure count in 2 The track is already armed for recording 3 In the Transport toolbar click Record or press r on your computer keyboard You ll hear two measures counted in by the metronome then playback and recording begin 4...

Page 74: ...utput of your sound card to be fed back into the input you can get feedback Input monitoring can make it very intense because both the direct signal and the processed signal are coming out of your sound card Turn your speakers off whenever you enable input monitoring and then try turning them up very gradually to try it out If you hear feedback click the Audio Engine button in the Transport toolba...

Page 75: ...ack number should appear highlighted when it is selected 2 Select all the notes in the organ track by Ctrl clicking holding down the Ctrl key while you click the organ track s track number Ctrl clicking allows you to make multiple selections 3 Use the Process Transpose command to open the Transpose dialog box 4 Enter 2 negative 2 in the Amount field and click OK 5 Ctrl click both track numbers aga...

Page 76: ...eir data Now you have linked clip copies in measures three through eight when you edit any of these three clips SONAR performs the exact same edits on the other two Editing Notes in the Piano Roll View SONAR s Piano Roll view gives you complete control of individual note properties Let s edit a couple of notes To Edit Notes in the Piano Roll View 1 Open the Piano Roll view of the first bass clip b...

Page 77: ...a half beat and also performs the same edits on the identical notes that are at the beginnings of the other two linked clips 8 Close the Piano Roll view when you finish editing If you want to unlink clips when you re through editing them select the clips you want to unlink in the Track view right click one of them and choose Unlink from the Clips pane popup menu Select Independent Not Linked At Al...

Page 78: ...DI data that are in the area that you drag through slip editing also works on audio clips SONAR does not delete these notes or data but does not play them either As soon as you drag the clip borders to display the data again SONAR plays them again Slip editing is a very fast and convenient way to try out different sounds without destroying any data You can also leave the clip borders unchanged and...

Page 79: ... organ track with a small round dot a node at the beginning of the line The line shows the initial volume of the track if it has an initial volume Otherwise it shows a default value 2 Scroll the Now Time to the next marker by pressing Ctrl Shift Page Down the marker is called Verse and is located just before measure nine Drag the Horizontal zoom control so that the beat markers are visible in the ...

Page 80: ...is off so you won t hear an echo when you re recording 3 Mute or archive any tracks that you don t want to record to the destination track 4 If SONAR s metronome is set to use any software synth to produce a click disable the metronome during recording option in the Project Options dialog box To do this select Options Project to open the Project Options dialog box select the Metronome tab and unch...

Page 81: ... TUTORIAL5 CWB opens Importing a Wave File Now that you have the file open click the Play button to hear the project The project contains drums bass and two guitar tracks Let s import an organ track To Import a Wave File 1 Click the down arrow in the Snap to Grid combo button located in the Track view toolbar The Snap to Grid dialog appears 2 In the Snap to Grid dialog click the Musical Time radio...

Page 82: ...he project 1 Click and drag the maracas clip to measure 18 the Snap Grid is still set to Measure 2 The Drag and Drop Options dialog appears The Drag and Drop Options dialog box has options for how the clip you are dragging affects existing clips Since the clip we are dragging is not being moved onto an existing clip we can just accept the default setting Click OK to accept the default settings The...

Page 83: ...o enable the Snap to Grid button to keep the same exact rhythmic placement of a dragged clip The two clips appear on the same track with a crossfade marker on the overlapping data The first guitar track fades out as the second guitar fades in For more information about crossfades see the online help topic Using Fades and Crossfades in Real Time Bouncing Tracks When you finish editing a certain num...

Page 84: ...know their tempo and root note pitch SONAR uses this information to stretch the clips to match changes in tempo and to transpose the root note pitch to match the project s pitch and pitch changes SONAR also has MIDI Groove clips that work much the same as audio Groove clips You can create repetitions or loops of Groove clips simply by dragging their ends in the Track view creating as many repetiti...

Page 85: ...irectory where you installed SONAR 9 Select 100FX WAV and click Open The clip appears on the track at the beginning of your project the clip s corners are beveled instead of sharp indicating that it is a Groove clip Before we import another loop let s give this track a name In the track titlebar double click on the track name and enter the name Sound Effect and press Enter Let s add some more Groo...

Page 86: ...roove clip in Track 2 To Copy a Groove Clip 1 Press the Ctrl key and click and drag the clip until the beginning is at measure 8 and release The Drag and Drop Options dialog appears 2 Make sure the Copy Entire Clips as Linked Clips option is not checked and click OK A copy of the Groove clip now appears on the same track at measure 8 To Loop a Groove Clip 1 Move the cursor over the end of the firs...

Page 87: ... to close the dialog box 2 Move your cursor over the beginning of the second clip in Track 2 until it looks like this 3 Crop the beginning of the clip one and a quarter measure you may want to expand the Clips pane a little by dragging the Horizontal Zoom slider that s in the lower right corner Like this 4 Crop the end of the clip by one quarter measure Like this ...

Page 88: ... that you have heard what your project sounds like let s change some pitch settings To Set a Groove Clip to Not Follow the Project Pitch 1 Double click on the Groove clip in Track 4 The Loop Construction view appears 2 Deselect the Follow Project Pitch button 3 Close the Loop Construction view and listen to your project again It sounds different because the Groove clip on Track 4 is no longer foll...

Page 89: ...roject Tempo 1 Select Insert Tempo Change from the menu 2 In the Tempo field enter 110 and click OK The project s tempo is now 110 Play your project Do you hear the difference Try other tempos Now that we have created a project that uses existing Groove clips let s take the next step and learn how to create our own Groove clips Creating Your Own Groove Clips Any audio clip of a reasonable size can...

Page 90: ... right to see the end of the loop Note You can not slip edit a clip that has its Groove clip characteristics enabled You can turn a clip s Groove clip characteristics on or off either in the Loop Construction view or in the Clips pane In the Clips pane right click the clip and choose Groove Clip Looping from the popup menu Your clip should look something like this 12 Click the Enable Looping butto...

Page 91: ...ts For clips like this transient markers work best The clip is now a Groove clip and it looks like the following picture You can click the zoom buttons in the lower right corner to get a better view The markers in the Loop Construction view are used to tell SONAR where to preserve timing The idea is to preserve the clip while being able to change the tempo When a clip has a lot of transients as th...

Page 92: ...controls but the controls of some individual effects When your project sounds the way you want you can save it and export it in Wave MP3 or Windows Media Advanced Streaming format Let s do some more work on TUTORIAL5 CWB and explore the following tasks Adding real time audio effects Automating an individual effect s settings Grouping controls Automating your mix Exporting an MP3 file Adding Real t...

Page 93: ... appears on top of the guitar clip one node at the beginning and one at the end of the last clip in the project The dotted line after the project ends means there is no automation data in that area of a track only nodes and solid lines represent actual values 4 Let s add a node at measure 17 of the guitar track move the cursor over the line at measure 17 until a vertical double ended arrow appears...

Page 94: ...et up a good balance between the tracks 3 Arm the volume fader for track 4 by right clicking it and choosing Arm for Automation from the popup menu A highlighted rectangle appears around the armed fader 4 Display the Automation toolbar by using the View Toolbars Automation command 5 Make sure that the Enable Automation Playback button in the Automation toolbar is in the depressed position and lit ...

Page 95: ...e name 6 Choose MP3 from the Files of type dropdown list 7 In the Format field select one of the following options Export to Stereo File s All exported tracks are mixed down to a single stereo file Export to Separate Left and Right Files All exported tracks are mixed down to two mono files left and right Export to Mono File s All exported tracks are mixed down to a single mono file 8 In the Bit De...

Page 96: ...onfiguration Wizard to configure the VST instruments SONAR has a Synth Rack view to make inserting a soft synth a one step process Cakewalk TTS 1 is a great example of a soft synth so let s use it for our tutorial Because this soft synth supports the mult output format it has multiple outputs 4 and you can record the movement of some of its controls as automation You probably installed Cakewalk TT...

Page 97: ...page out of the way for now and in the first MIDI track Guitar 1 click the dropdown arrow in the track s Output field and choose Cakewalk TTS 1 as an output Notice that when you choose Cakewalk TTS 1 as a track s output the patch for that track s MIDI channel in Cakewalk TTS 1 interface changes to the same one that the track displays 2 Set the Output fields in all the other MIDI tracks to Cakewalk...

Page 98: ... When you re through converting don t forget to mute your MIDI tracks so you won t hear them and the new audio track s at the same time To Export Your Soft Synth Tracks as Wave MP3 or Other Type Files 1 Mute all tracks that you don t want to export make sure you don t mute the synth track s that the soft synth is patched into or the MIDI track s that you are using as a source 2 Use the File Export...

Page 99: ...e Drum Map Manager from the menu that appears The Drum Map Manager dialog appears 2 Click the Create New Drum Map button A new drum map appears in the Drum Maps Used in Current Project field 3 Click the Presets dropdown arrow and select GM Drums Complete Kit 4 In the Out Port column click one of the down arrows hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys and click the name of the port or instrument that you...

Page 100: ... TTS 1 and use that soft synth for this part of the tutorial To Open Cakewalk TTS 1 1 Select View Synth Rack from the menu 2 Click the Insert Synth button in the Synth Rack toolbar and select Soft Synths Cakewalk TTS 1 from the menu that appears The Insert Soft Synth Options dialog appears 3 Make sure that the MIDI Source option in the Create These Tracks section is unchecked 4 In the Create These...

Page 101: ...he Add New Drum Map Entry button Change In Note value Double click in the appropriate cell and enter a new value or click on the right side of the cell and when the cursor changes to an up and down arrow drag it up to increase the value or down to lower the value Change the Name setting Double click on the appropriate cell and enter a new name Change the Channel setting Click the appsropriate chan...

Page 102: ...102 ...

Page 103: ... signals are sent once SONAR receives them Note SONAR has a button called the Audio Engine button in the Transport toolbar which you click to stop any feedback you may experience if there is a loop somewhere in your mixer setup Whenever you play a project SONAR automatically enables the audio engine which you can tell by watching the Status bar whenever the audio engine is running the Audio Runnin...

Page 104: ...n measure beat and tick MBT format The hours minutes seconds frames format is commonly referred to as the SMPTE time SMPTE is the acronym for the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers In this format time is measured in hours minutes seconds and frames It s not necessary for a project to begin at time zero in this format any time can be used to represent the start of a project If you a...

Page 105: ...e Clip View Properties dialog When entering a time in MBT format the beat and tick values are optional You can use a colon space decimal point or vertical bar to separate the parts of the Now time When entering a time in SMPTE format you can enter a single number hour two numbers hour and minutes three numbers hour minutes and seconds or all four numbers If you click in the Time Ruler while the sn...

Page 106: ...int where the project stopped or snaps back to the Now Time Marker This behavior is controlled in the General tab of the Global Options dialog The Now Time Marker In the Track view the Now time appears as a black vertical line When you set the Now time in the Track view a green triangle called the Now time marker appears in the Time Ruler This marker represents the point at which the Now time will...

Page 107: ...ral people need to read the Now time from a distance Here s how To Display the Big Time View 1 Choose View Big Time to display the Big Time view 2 Change the settings according to the table Note that SONAR ignores font styles and effects such as strikeout and underline Other Ways to Set the Now Time There are a variety of commands and keyboard shortcuts you can use to set the Now time To do this D...

Page 108: ...e 238 In the Track view the Time Ruler has the following time display options or formats Measures Beats and Ticks M B T Hours Minutes Seconds and Frames H M S F also called SMPTE Samples Go Thru F8 Sets the Now time to the Thru time the end time of the current time selection Go Beginning Ctrl Home Sets the Now time to the beginning of the project Go End Ctrl End Sets the Now time to the end of the...

Page 109: ... same point If the Now time is advancing but you don t hear any sound see Appendix A Troubleshooting If you are using MIDI sync or syncing to MIDI time code SONAR waits to receive external timing data before it begins playing If the various views are not updating during playback make sure the Scroll Lock key on your computer keyboard is not enabled For more information see Chapter 18 Synchronizing...

Page 110: ...ransport Reset command is used to stop all notes from playing The Transport Reset command also stops feedback from input monitoring To Clear Stuck Notes Choose Transport Reset or click on the Large Transport toolbar Looping Sometimes you want to listen to one portion of a project over and over either so you can play along and rehearse or because you want to edit that section of the project while i...

Page 111: ...nd to Now Marker option in the General tab of the Global Options dialog the Now time stays wherever you stopped playback The Rewind command operates slightly differently when looping is in effect The first time you rewind the Now time is set to the start of the loop If the Now time is already at the start of the loop Rewind takes you to the beginning of the project From then on Rewind switches bac...

Page 112: ...dividual controls that are on every track or with the global controls on the Playback State toolbar or the Status bar that s at the bottom of the SONAR window For more information on the Status bar see Status Bar CPU Meter Disk Meter on page 555 For more information on the Playback State toolbar see The Playback State Toolbar on page 113 There are several different status settings for each track S...

Page 113: ... load on your computer Archived tracks on the other hand don t place any load on your computer Therefore if there are tracks you want to keep but don t need to play you should archive them instead Archived tracks are indicated by the letter A in the Mute button that is displayed in the Track and Console views When you mute or unmute a track while playback is in progress there may be a slight delay...

Page 114: ...e toolbar Or Select all tracks and then use the Track Solo command Inverting the Phase of a Track A waveform s exact opposite is called an inversion It is a shift of 180 degrees A waveform and its inversion cancel each other out completely so it is usually not desirable to have two track recordings of the same source if one is phase inverted It can lead to reduced volume lowered or distorted respo...

Page 115: ... project contains MIDI or audio information and has a variety of settings also called parameters that determine how the track sounds By changing these parameters you can change the sound of your project For audio tracks you control parameters such as volume stereo panning and the output device that is used to produce the sound For MIDI tracks you control many additional parameters including the ty...

Page 116: ...is the track number This track number will change if you change the order of your tracks Mute When enabled mutes the track Solo When enabled solos the track Arm When enabled arms the track for audio recording Input Echo Turns input monitoring on or off Peak value Displays the Peak value which is the amplitude of the latest audio peak in the track Audio track interior controls Volume slider Pan sli...

Page 117: ... fade out To balance the fader levels reduce the fader level for the fourth track to 0 dB and raise the Volume Trim value for that track to 10 dB The resulting volume levels for the project are the same but now you can group the faders and perform a fade out with no track standing out disproportionately at the end of the fade out Input The input source for the track used in recording Output The ou...

Page 118: ...trip selector Track name Mute Solo and Arm buttons Input Echo button PRV Mode button Show layers button Minimize track Maximize track Header icon MIDI track interior controls Volume slider Pan slider Trim Input Output Channel Snap to Scale On Off Snap to Scale root note Snap to Scale scale type Bank Patch Time Key MIDI reverb MIDI chorus ...

Page 119: ...rm When enabled arms the track for audio recording Input Echo Controls whether the track will echo MIDI data or not PRV Mode button When enabled displays a track in Inline Piano Roll view mode Show Layers button Hides or shows track layers Minimize restore track button Collapses track to minumum possible height or restores it to the size it was before it was minimized Maximize restore track button...

Page 120: ...ng Output The output device through which the track is played Ch channel The MIDI channel through which the notes will be played Bank The set of patch names available for the track Patch The instrument sound that will be used for playback Time An offset applied to the start time of the events in the track Key The number of steps by which the notes in the track are transposed on playback e g 12 to ...

Page 121: ...button in the track Change the height of a track using splitter bars Move the cursor over the gap below a track until the cursor looks like this Click and drag until the track is the size you want Lock or unlock the height of a track Right click an empty area in the track s controls and choose Lock Height from the menu Tab Controls displayed when selected All All controls are displayed Mix Volume ...

Page 122: ... of the control and select a bank from the menu that appears or double click on the control and enter a value Patch Click on the black arrow on the right of the control and select a patch from the menu that appears or double click on the control and enter a value Volume Pan Volume Trim Chorus and Reverb Click on control and move your cursor left or right to adjust values or double click on the con...

Page 123: ...nd the track Arm button see Preparing to Record on page 152 Setting Up Output Devices The output setting for a track determines which piece of hardware or software synthesizer will be used to produce the sound stored in your project In a very simple equipment setup you might have only a computer equipped with a basic sound card In this case you want to play all MIDI and audio output through the so...

Page 124: ...ugh it were several different devices one for each stereo pair In SONAR audio tracks are assigned to main outs or buses Each main out represents a hardware device You use the Output control to assign a track in a project to the main or bus you want to use While you need to choose the MIDI output devices you want to use before you assign them to tracks all of your audio devices can be assigned to t...

Page 125: ... bank and patch of a track during playback Every time SONAR starts playback at the beginning of a project the bank and patch settings for the track are set to these initial values Many instruments have descriptive names for their banks and patches SONAR stores these names in an instrument definition For more information about instrument definitions see Chapter 16 Using Instrument Definitions If yo...

Page 126: ...ch from the dropdown lists 3 To search for a patch containing specific text click the Patch Browser button to the right of the dropdown lists You can also open the Patch Browser by right clicking a bank or patch control in the Track or Console views 4 Click OK Another Way to Assign a Patch to a Track 1 Select the patch you want from the Patch dropdown To change the bank and patch settings for more...

Page 127: ...ccomplish this by drawing a volume or pan envelope in the Track view or by recording automation For more information see Chapter 13 Automation Chapter 11 Mixing and Effects Patching and Chapter 7 Editing MIDI Events and Controllers To Set the Initial Volume Setting 1 Move your cursor to the Volume control of the track you want to change 2 Click and drag to the left to lower the volume or the right...

Page 128: ...n output level in either channel when the signal is center panned 6dB center linear taper this choice causes no boost in a signal that s panned hard left or right and 6dB dip in output level in either channel when the signal is center panned 0 dB center balance control this choice causes no boost in a signal that s panned hard left or right and no dip in output level in either channel when the sig...

Page 129: ...ches you can edit them individually or use the Process Transpose command If the key offset value transposes the key number MIDI note outside the allowable MIDI range 0 127 the key number will be transposed to the lowest or highest octave within that range You can use the Key parameter to assist in preparing scores for instruments whose music is written in something other than concert key such as B...

Page 130: ...or in front of it or to compensate for tracks that sound rushed or late The time shift can be used to create a chorus or slap back echo effect by making a copy of a track and then applying a small offset to the copy You can use larger time offsets to shift a track earlier or later by several beats or measures Note that you cannot shift any event earlier than 1 01 000 For example if the first event...

Page 131: ...ho MIDI data or not The button has three states on dimmed and off When the button is on the track echoes MIDI data When the button is dimmed the track echoes MIDI data because the track is the current track When the button is off the track does not echo any data even if it is the current track The off position on a current MIDI track is only available if you disable the Always Echo Current MIDI Tr...

Page 132: ... that you want the track to respond to from the following options None this option actually sets the Input field to Omni with this setting the track will respond to any MIDI input coming in on any port MIDI interface input driver on any channel name of MIDI input driver MIDI Omni choosing this option causes the track to respond to any MIDI channel coming from the named MIDI interface input driver ...

Page 133: ...cal Control your keyboard sends notes that you play to SONAR which echoes them to the synthesizer which plays them only once When SONAR starts you can have it send a special MIDI message that attempts to disable Local Control automatically Most modern synthesizers respond to this message If yours does not you will need to disable Local Control every time you turn it on for use with SONAR If your s...

Page 134: ...in the table To do this Do this Open an existing play list Choose File Open choose Play List from the Files of Type list choose the file you want and click Open Create a new play list Choose File New choose Play List Set from the list and click OK Add songs to the play list Click or press Insert choose a file from the Add Song to Play List dialog box and click Open Set the delay after a song Click...

Page 135: ...pe field to All Files The File Export Video command lets you export your audio tracks and your imported video as the following file types AVI also called Video for Windows Windows Media Video QuickTime To do this Do this Activate the play list Click in the Play List view toolbar so that the button is pressed If this button is not pressed only a single file will play when you start playback Choose ...

Page 136: ... import the file s audio data as one or more mono tracks 7 Click Open SONAR loads the video file and displays it in the Video view If you choose to import audio data SONAR inserts a new track above the currently selected track and puts the audio data in a clip or clips on the new track Note 1 when you save a project that contains video SONAR saves the project s video file by reference only the act...

Page 137: ...Timecode At Now command to open the Set Timecode At Now TIme dialog 3 If you want to set SMPTE time to 00 00 00 00 the dialog s default value at the current Now time click OK to close the dialog If you want to set SMPTE time to some other value at the current Now time type that value into the SMPTE MTC Time field and click OK to close the dialog To Choose a Frame Rate 1 Use the Options Project com...

Page 138: ...ur SONAR project Note if you re exporting an AVI file the No Compression option in the Video Codec field of the AVI Encoder Options dialog is a good choice This choice does not change or compress your source video material If you want your exported AVI file to be compressed the Cinepak option will create an AVI file that plays back smoothly with decent quality The MJPEG option will create an AVI f...

Page 139: ...e the number of keyframes you may recompress the file using the File Export Video command and specify more frequent keyframes Choose a suitable video compressor such as Cinepak and change the KeyFrame Rate parameter to a number between 1 5 A value of 1 makes every frame a keyframe and higher numbers insert a keyframe after that many frames Changing the video properties of an AVI file such as Trim ...

Page 140: ... Video Thumbnails pane zooms horizontally when you use the standard Track view commands for horizontal zooming You control the height of the Video Thumbnails pane by dragging the splitter bar up or down that s at the bottom of the Video Thumbnails pane For step by step instructions see the following procedures To Hide or Show the Video Thumbnails Pane Drag the splitter bar that separates the Video...

Page 141: ...im Out field type a new number in SMPTE format and press Enter you can press the Spacebar instead of typing colons if you want and you can type single zeros instead of double zeros The trim out time is the time in your video file at which you want to stop video playback To Use the Video Thumbnails Context Menu 1 Right click the Video Thumbnails pane or the Video Thumbnails track strip 2 Choose any...

Page 142: ... open so that you can move the Now Time frame by frame with the Video view keyboard shortcuts If the Video view is the active window you can use keyboard shortcuts to advance by a frame or a frame increment The and left right arrow keys move forward backwards by a single frame If you hold down the Ctrl key then the frame increment value is used default 5 frames You can also use the and keys to see...

Page 143: ... will typically be less than 1 second 3 Click OK to close the dialog Play your video and readjust the Video Sync Offset number as needed Locating Missing Audio If you try to open a project and SONAR is unable to locate all the audio files that the project references the Find Missing Audio dialog appears The Find Missing Audio dialog helps you find any missing audio in your project The Find Missing...

Page 144: ...les You may want to share files between projects The files you want to share may be frequently used sound effects or drum loops SONAR allows you to choose whether to copy imported audio files to your project s audio data directory or to link to them in their current external location Note External files are defined as any file not in the project s audio data folder or a subfolder within the projec...

Page 145: ...of your recorded data as you record it You can also input new material using your computer keyboard or mouse using the Piano Roll view the Staff view or the Event List view For more information on entering music using these views see Chapter 15 Working with Notation and Lyrics The Piano Roll View on page 244 and The Event List View on page 289 In This Chapter Creating a New Project 146 Preparing t...

Page 146: ... Project Using Per project Audio on page 543 Creating a New Project File When you create a new project you are asked to choose a template to use for your new file If you have per project audio folders enabled for more information see the online help topic Using Per Project Audio Folders you are also asked to specify a file name the folder where you want to store the file and the folder where you w...

Page 147: ... The meter or key signature of a project can change at any measure boundary To insert changes in the meter or key signature use the View Meter Key command to display the Meter Key view or use the Insert Meter Key Change command If you are creating a new project that will contain only audio material no MIDI material you do not need to set the meter and key signature The key signature controls how S...

Page 148: ...k to open the Meter Key Signature dialog box The Meter Key Signature dialog appears 6 Enter the top and bottom meter values in the Beats per Measure and Beat Value fields 7 Choose the key signature from the Key Signature list 8 Click OK You can also set the meter and key signature in the Large Transport toolbar display Setting the Metronome and Tempo Settings The metronome counts off each beat in ...

Page 149: ...ings dialog box To Set the Tempo and Metronome for a New Project 1 In the Metronome toolbar select the Metronome during Recording and Metronome during Playback options 2 If you want to hear a count in before recording begins set the count in to 1 or more Select Count in Measures or Count in Beats 3 Select Use Audio Metronome and or Use MIDI Metronome 4 Arm at least one track 5 Press r or click to ...

Page 150: ...those for the track in the Track view 4 Click on the Key box in the First Beat or the Other Beats section 5 Play a note on your MIDI instrument The note number is entered automatically The velocity is not updated 6 Click OK Your metronome settings will be saved with the project file Setting the Audio Sampling Rate and Bit Depth EachSONAR project has an audio sampling rate and an audio driver bit d...

Page 151: ... means that each audio clip takes up more memory and disk space and requires more intensive processing by your computer If you have an older computer or a slow hard drive you might be better off with a lower sampling rate For more information see Improving Performance with Digital Audio on page 553 By default the audio driver bit depth of audio data is 16 bits If your sound card supports 18 20 22 ...

Page 152: ...per quarter note and represent them accurately you would need to have a timebase that is divisible by 7 such as 168PPQ SONAR uses the timebase you choose for a project to determine the range of tick values in the Now time To Set the Timebase for a Project 1 Choose Options Project and click the Clock tab 2 Choose the timebase you want from the Ticks per Quarter Note list 3 Click OK The timebase wil...

Page 153: ...m all MIDI inputs and instruments This means you don t have to worry about input channel or other MIDI settings Sometimes you may want to record different MIDI channels into different tracks To learn how to do this see Recording Specific Ports and Channels on page 173 While each track can have a different input it is also possible for several tracks to have the same input To Choose a MIDI Input in...

Page 154: ...he sound card you want to record with from these options None This choice ensures that you do not record to the track in question Left name of your sound card Choose this if you want to record a mono signal on the left channel of your sound card Right name of your sound card Choose this if you want to record a mono signal on the right channel of your sound card Stereo name of your sound card Choos...

Page 155: ... to create presets see next line Manage Presets if you want to create or edit any preset collections of input ports and channels you can select this option see To Create or Edit a Preset Input Configuration on page 174 Arming Tracks for Recording SONAR lets you record any number of tracks at one time You indicate the tracks you want to record by arming the tracks You can arm a single track or seve...

Page 156: ...ons Global command 4 Click press the Spacebar or choose Transport Stop to stop recording To listen to the new material set the Now time to the start of the clip and press the Spacebar or click If you re not happy with the recording use Edit Undo or press Ctrl Z to erase the new material When you stop recording if you do not see a new clip in the Clips pane you may have a problem with MIDI input Se...

Page 157: ... to avoid them during the entire performance Note that some kinds of audio such as percussive or plucked musical instruments can produce very short high level transients when struck or plucked aggressively which can lead to clipping if the input volume is set too high Consider the possibility of these transients when examining the meters and setting your record level Note If the Clipping indicator...

Page 158: ...sound card and turned up play a note The Tuner displays the intonation reading on the cents meter and the name of the note you played between the three arrows One of the three arrows lights up indicating one of the following Up arrow indicates the note is in tune Right arrow indicates the note is sharp Left arrow indicates the note is flat 5 Adjust the pitch if necessary and repeat for the rest of...

Page 159: ...y the actual data that they record both in the Clips pane and the Piano Roll view not the Staff view Automation data appears as a red block When you finish recording the actual envelopes are shown If you want to turn off the real time display of audio clips see the following procedure To Turn Off Waveform Preview for Audio Recording 1 Use the Options Global command to open the Global Options dialo...

Page 160: ...ock of the picture represents the sound card The shaded area above it represents the audio drivers The unshaded area at the top represents the main environment of the operating system As the diagram shows analog audio flows into the card s line input on the left and is immediately split in two One branch goes up through the analog to digital converter ADC where the audio is digitized buffered and ...

Page 161: ...the places indicated in the illustration above In other words the analog audio signal is pure electrical signal traveling at the speed of light so it is immediately present across all analog audio paths inside the sound card Next you say 2 In the time it takes you do that the ADC has converted the 1 to digital form and the Wave In driver has fed it to SONAR for processing SONAR processes the buffe...

Page 162: ...effects that you want to patch into the current track You might also hear an echo because the dry signal is coming out of your sound card slightly ahead of the processed signal To eliminate the dry signal see the next procedure To Eliminate the Echo from Input Monitoring 1 Open the software mixer that controls your sound card If your sound card uses the Windows mixer open the mixer by using the St...

Page 163: ...ultiple takes more easily using a feature called loop recording Loop recording lets you start recording and record as many takes as you like all in a single step SONAR loops between the loop start and loop end time allowing you to record one take on each pass SONAR creates a clip for each take You have three choices for where these clips are stored All clips can be recorded in Sound on Sound mode ...

Page 164: ...or press the Spacebar or choose Transport Stop when you want to stop recording The takes are stored in the manner you requested Punch Recording Suppose you are happy with most of a track but want to replace some sound or add new material in one small section perhaps as small as a couple of notes This is where punch recording comes in handy because it lets you record new material only within a spec...

Page 165: ... bar 26 but record only bars 24 and 25 Here s what this looks like To Punch Record 1 Choose the input s for the track s you want to record and arm the track s for recording 2 Enable the Auto Punch button in the Record toolbar the button is red when enabled 3 Set the start and end times in one of the following ways Enter the times directly on the toolbar Select a range of time and click on the Reco...

Page 166: ... in the manner you requested Step Recording Step recording is a method of recording MIDI notes one note or chord at a time It s a very easy and precise way to record but can sound mechanical if used in the wrong situation You use step recording in its typical form by choosing a step size such as a quarter note and then playing a note on your MIDI keyboard When you play the note SONAR records the n...

Page 167: ...ding functions with your right hand on the Num Pad MIDI data is recorded using step record even if the track is not armed Loop markers are ignored And step recording always uses the Sound on Sound blend record mode regardless of the current record mode With Auto Advance disabled you must click Advance each time you want to advance to the next step While this requires more effort it also provides y...

Page 168: ...d dialog is displayed the Adv button will be showing if the Basic mode is displayed if the Bas button is showing click it fClick to move insertion point by step size Step Record Toggle button to enable disable step recording Basic Advanced button Custom tick size field Total step size display Insertion point location Position slider Randomize durations field Step pattern recording field Click to m...

Page 169: ...t click the quarter note icon enable the Tuplet checkbox and fill in 5 in the time of 1 If you want to create a custom step size click the N button and fill in the number of ticks in the ticks field 5 Choose a duration by doing one of the following If you want duration and step size to be the same enable the Follow Step Size checkbox If you want duration and step size to be different disable the F...

Page 170: ... Step Record window is open you can enable To do this Do this Randomize the note duration Disable the Follow Step Size checkbox enter a number into the of Note Value field leave it at 100 if you want to follow step size and enter the maximum duration that the step size should be randomized in the Randomize By field Choose a constant pitch and or velocity and or MIDI channel for the recorded note s...

Page 171: ...xt field select a key and a function you want to bind and click the Bind button to bind them together Bind additional keys and commands as needed Default setting or option Default shortcut Whole note Num Pad 1 Half note Num Pad 2 Quarter note Num Pad 4 Eighth note Num Pad 8 16th note Num Pad 6 32nd note Num Pad 3 64th note Num Pad 7 Custom step size Num Pad 9 Tuplet Num Pad Dot Num Pad Double dot ...

Page 172: ...example 1 2 4 This pattern automatically skips over every third beat SONAR interprets this pattern as one two rest four Here is one final example based on 4 4 time with a step size of eighth note triplets twelve steps per measure 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 0 2 No matter how you enter a pattern SONAR displays the digits in sequence with periods replacing digits at each step where a rest would occur You can crea...

Page 173: ...ay the Track Inputs dialog box SONAR allows you to filter MIDI input so that you can record only certain kinds of MIDI data see Input Filtering on page 174 and also allows you to automatically turn off the Local On setting of your master keyboard To Assign Input Ports and Channels to MIDI Tracks 1 Click the dropdown arrow on an individual track s Input field to display the Input dropdown menu jump...

Page 174: ...you can choose the preset you saved by clicking the Presets option in the track s Input dropdown menu If you want to edit a preset select it in the top window of the MIDI Input Presets dialog edit it and click the disk icon If you want to delete a preset select it in the same dialog and click the X button to delete it Input Filtering SONAR lets you filter out specific types of MIDI messages or fil...

Page 175: ... sampling rate in your project then it will be converted to the current project s sampling rate and bit depth To Import an Audio File 1 Set the Now time and current track to indicate where the audio should be placed 2 Choose File Import Audio to display the Open dialog box 3 Choose the audio file you want to import SONAR displays information about the file at the bottom of the dialog box 4 Click P...

Page 176: ...py material from several different tracks to the Windows clipboard the information will be pasted back into separate tracks You can choose to paste all the material from the clipboard into a single destination track in the target project You can also copy material from one project to another by displaying the Track view for both projects side by side then using drag and drop editing To Import Mate...

Page 177: ...is specified in absolute samples Slip edits Fades and crossfades as destructive edits SONAR renders any fades when it writes OMFs creating separate clips for any fade ins or fade outs SONAR slip edits the original clip to make room for the fade in and fade out clips If you export to an audio program that supports slip editing the user can delete the fade clips and roll out the original clip to ret...

Page 178: ... OMF file You can also export SONAR projects as OMF files File Export OMF command See Exporting OMF Files on page 418 Importing MIDI Files You can create a new SONAR project from a MIDI file simply by opening the file SONAR takes material from the file and places it into one or more tracks in the Track view To Import Data from a MIDI File into a Project 1 Open the MIDI file as a new separate proje...

Page 179: ... using the File Save As command To Save a Project 1 Choose File Save As to display the Save As dialog box 2 Choose the type of file you want to save from the Save as Type list 3 Enter a file name and click Save SONAR saves the file To Change the Auto Save Settings 1 Choose Options Global and click the General tab 2 To enable Auto Save set either the number of minutes or the number of changes betwe...

Page 180: ...ime the file is opened Although you cannot use Edit menu commands while working in the File Info window standard Windows hot keys like Ctrl X Ctrl C and Ctrl V can be used to cut copy and paste text Title The title for your project prints automatically at the top of a Staff view printout Subtitle For a subtitle or dedication prints directly below the title in a Staff view printout Instructions Use...

Page 181: ...s the following information about the contents of the project file Statistic What it means Created The date the project was first saved Editing time The total time you ve had the project open from the time it was created to the last time it was saved This does not include time spent editing the project since you last saved it If you want to update this value save the project Revision Each time you...

Page 182: ...182 ...

Page 183: ...itions of your clips using your mouse Both the Track view and Console view have a full set of record and playback meters which you can configure in several ways SONAR also has a variety of tools and commands for changing the tempo of your project Composite tracks allow you to keep all your takes in one track if you want and selectively mute and solo the various clips in the track Track folders let...

Page 184: ...ve arm or input monitor a group or tracks with one click See Track Folders on page 216 for more information Make copies of a track Copying a track and then adding a time offset or changing the patch is an easy way to double a part You can also copy and then transpose a track to add harmony Erase or delete a track Tracks and clips that you are no longer using in your project are distracting and tak...

Page 185: ...k Sort to display the Sort Tracks dialog box 2 Choose the attribute by which to sort from the Sort By list Sort by What happens Name Ascending puts track in alphabetic order descending puts them in reverse order Size output or channel Ascending puts them in increasing numeric order descending puts them in decreasing numeric order Muted archived selected Ascending puts qualifying tracks at the end ...

Page 186: ...he highlight To Insert Multiple Tracks 1 Use the Insert Multiple Tracks command to open the Insert Tracks dialog 2 If you want to insert audio tracks do the following Fill in the number of audio tracks you want to insert in the Audio section s Track Count field Selected If you choose this attribute SONAR puts all the selected tracks at either the top or bottom of the Tracks window depending on whe...

Page 187: ...enu that allow you to configure the appearance of your tracks in the Track view You can use these commands to zoom in or out show or hide any combination of tracks and revert back to previous display settings The following table lists each of these commands and provides an explanation of each Command Description Shortcut Show and Fit Selection This command hides all tracks which are not selected T...

Page 188: ...ialog 3 Check the Clone Events Clone Properties Clone Effects and or Clone Sends boxes to indicate which items you want to copy 4 If you want copied events to become linked clips check the Link to Original Clips checkbox 5 Select the number of repetitions of each selected track that you want to create 6 Select the track number where you want the first new track to appear The other new tracks appea...

Page 189: ...rties intact Track Templates You can create an unlimited number of track templates for quickly recalling your most often used track settings including the following Track type MIDI or Audio Mute Solo and Record state Hardware input Output destination Bus send settings Track parameters Track icons Effects and their settings Instrument and Bank Patch Track name To Create a Track Template 1 Select th...

Page 190: ...ons Icons Track View Show in Header command To show custom track icons in the header of each track in the Track view use the Options Icons Track View Show Custom In Header command To show track icons on the left side of the track controls of each track in the Track view use the Options Icons Track View Show In Strip command To Change the Size of Track Icons Right click a track icon in the desired ...

Page 191: ...You can control four aspects of their appearance Color By default each track s clips are drawn in a different color The clip colors restart at the tenth track You can customize the default colors of clips in the Colors dialog or change the color of any individual clip in the Clip Properties dialog Note In audio clips the waveform changes color unless no clip contents are displayed In MIDI clips th...

Page 192: ...l zoom fader to zoom in or out by the amount you drag Or Hold down the Ctrl key and press the up arrow key to zoom out or the down arrow key to zoom in To Zoom into a Selected Area Use the Zoom tool to drag select an area of a clip or clips that you want to zoom to When you release the mouse the area you selected expands to fill the Clips pane window Zoom command keyboard shortcuts To do this Use ...

Page 193: ...e of the selected clips and choose Clip Properties SONAR opens the Clip Properties dialog box 3 Enter a name for the selected clips and click OK SONAR renames the selected clips To Change Clip Colors 1 Select the clips whose color you want to change 2 Right click on one of the selected clips and choose Clip Properties SONAR opens the Clip Properties dialog box 3 Choose a color as follows Redo Zoom...

Page 194: ...e To Change the Now Time in the Navigator view 1 Hold down the Ctrl key 2 Click where you want the Now Time to be Double clicking Clips By default double clicking a MIDI clip in the Clips pane opens a Piano Roll view for that track and double clicking an Audio clip opens the Loop Construction view for that track You can set the type of view opened when a clip is double clicked For example you may ...

Page 195: ... Add or remove all clips in a track from the selection Hold the Ctrl key and click on the track number Option How it works Blend Old and New Events in the copied or moved clip are placed into a new clip that overlaps with the existing clip This is the same effect as sound on sound recording Replace Old with New Events in the copied or moved clip are placed into a new clip and any overlapping event...

Page 196: ...lips pane it will scroll automatically in the direction you drag If you change your mind while dragging clips press the Escape key to cancel the operation SONAR also lets you move and copy clips between projects To Move Clips Using Drag and Drop 1 Select the clips you want to move 2 If you want to move the clips by an exact amount of time enable the Snap Grid see To Change the Snap Options on page...

Page 197: ... in the Track pane to set the current track to be the one where clips should be pasted 5 Set the Now time to be the time at which the clips should be pasted 6 Choose Edit Paste to display the Paste dialog box 7 Choose the options you want and click OK SONAR places the clips in their new location To Move a Clip to a Specific Start Time 1 Select the clip you want to move Note Moving an audio clip ot...

Page 198: ...clips you want to copy 2 Choose Edit Copy to display the Copy dialog box 3 Choose the options you want and click OK SONAR copies the clips to the Windows clipboard 4 Click in the Track pane to set the current track to be the one where clips should be pasted 5 Set the Now time to be the time the clips should be pasted 6 Choose Edit Paste to display the Paste dialog box 7 Choose the options you want...

Page 199: ...s move up or down one pitch at a time To Change Nudge Settings 1 Select Process Nudge Settings to open the Nudge tab in the Global Options dialog box 2 In one of the three Nudge groups select one of the following Musical Time Select a note length setting Absolute Time Select one of the following absolute time options and a number in the first field Follow Snap Settings Moves the clip or note by th...

Page 200: ... of a clip SONAR may round off the start and end times of your selection based on the Snap Grid For more information see Defining and Using the Snap Grid on page 201 To Select a Portion of a Clip 1 Press and hold the Alt key 2 Drag the mouse across part of a clip SONAR highlights the selected portion of the clip You can edit this portion of the clip using all the normal editing commands To Select ...

Page 201: ...you can use to simplify and speed the work you do arranging your projects Here are a few of the most important things you can do Show gridlines on measure boundaries in the Track view Define and use the Snap Grid to make drag and drop editing more accurate Create markers to identify and work with key time points in your project Showing Gridlines Displaying gridlines or vertical rules in the Clips ...

Page 202: ... pane the Snap Grid in the Inline Piano Roll view is independent from the Snap Grid in Clips view When you open the Snap To Grid dialog in the Clips pane the dialog has separate tabs for Clips view and Inline Piano Roll view called PRV mode in the dialog To Enable or Disable the Snap Grid 1 Press N to toggle the Snap to Grid button on or off Or 1 To enable the Snap to Grid click the Snap to Grid c...

Page 203: ...kers Markers are a way of associating a name with a time point in your project You use markers to name sections of a project to mark hit points in a film score or simply to provide a shortcut for working with any time point in a project Markers make it easy to Jump to a specific time point in a project Select a portion of a project Enter a time in any dialog box by pressing F5 and choosing the mar...

Page 204: ...on the fly the marker is named automatically and assigned the Now time Using the Markers view you can edit the names and times whenever you want To Add a Marker 1 Open the Markers dialog in one of the following ways Click in the Markers toolbar Press F11 Choose Insert Marker Click in the Markers view Ctrl click in the marker section of the Time Ruler Right click in the Time Ruler and select Insert...

Page 205: ...Lock or Unlock Several Markers 1 In the Markers view select one or more markers Use the Ctrl and Shift keys if necessary to modify the selection 2 Select or deselect SONAR updates the markers To Move a Marker Drag the marker in the Time Ruler SONAR updates the marker time and shows it at the new location To Delete a Marker 1 Press and hold the left mouse button while pointing to a marker in the Ti...

Page 206: ...a feature called linked clips Linked clips always have the same contents name and display color Any change you make to the internal contents of one of the clips such as adding or editing notes or effects automatically applies to all of them Any number of clips may be linked with each other To create linked clips copy the clips and when pasting check the linked clips option in the Paste dialog box ...

Page 207: ...cessary confirm the options in the Drag and Drop Options dialog box and click OK SONAR creates copies of the selected clips that are linked to the originals Any change you make to one of the clips is applied to all linked clips including the original clip To Make Linked Copies of a Clip Using Copy and Paste 1 Select the clips you want to copy 2 Choose Edit Copy to display the Copy dialog box 3 Cho...

Page 208: ...elect the Clips That Are Linked to Another Clip 1 Select one or more clips in the Track view 2 Right click on any selected clip and choose Select All Siblings from the popup menu SONAR selects any clip that is linked to one of the currently selected clips Splitting and Combining Clips SONAR provides several commands that are used to split and combine clips Specifically you can Split a clip into se...

Page 209: ... the s key SONAR splits the selected clips according to your instructions To Combine Clips 1 Select the clips you want to combine the clips must be on the same track Option How it works Split at Time Splits selected clips at a specific point in time By default the split occurs at the Now time but you can choose any time you want Split Repeatedly Splits selected clips at regular intervals beginning...

Page 210: ...und mode and choose to store takes in a single track You record over some pre existing data while in Sound on Sound mode You enable the Track Show Layers menu option for a track that contains at least one overlapping clip Note 1 you can create as many layers as you want Note 2 a multi layer layer track has only one set of track automation envelopes For step by step instructions see the following p...

Page 211: ...lays a small blue indicator to show that a hidden layer is muted To Solo or Unsolo a Layer On the Track Scale click the S button that s at the same vertical level as the layer you want to solo You can solo one layer at a time Note if you solo a layer and then disable the Show Layers feature the Track Scale displays a small yellow indicator to show that a hidden layer is soloed To Rebuild Layers To...

Page 212: ...ays all your takes in separate layers in the recording track To Crop Overlapping Clips to Eliminate Overlap 1 In a multi layer track move either the Select tool or the Mute tool between two overlapping clips until the cursor turns into the overlap cropping tool 2 In the space between the clips click the spot where you want the first clip to end and the second one to begin SONAR crops both clips so...

Page 213: ...ute tool turns blue when it is enabled To Mute a Time Range Using Default Style 1 Make sure that Mute Time Ranges under Click Drag Behavior in the Mute tool dropdown menu has a check mark 2 If you want to mute a precise amount of time enable the Snap to Grid button and set its menu to an appropriate value 3 Using the Mute tool drag inside the lower half of a clip SONAR mutes the area you dragged t...

Page 214: ...tire Clips under Click Drag Behavior in the Mute tool dropdown menu has a check mark 2 Using the Mute tool click anywhere in the clip SONAR displays the Mute icon in the upper left corner of a muted clip Note if the clip you re muting or unmuting with this method already has one or more muted time ranges these time ranges remain muted while you Alt click the clip so you don t lose any precise mute...

Page 215: ...gging through time regions You can choose this behavior by choosing Mute Entire Clips under Click Drag Behavior in the Mute tool dropdown menu If you decide you want to temporarily switch to the Default style hold down the Alt key along with the Ctrl key and drag through the regions you want isolated To Isolate a Region with the Default Style 1 Make sure that Mute Time Ranges under Click Drag Beha...

Page 216: ...same folder You can archive mute solo arm or input monitor all the tracks in a folder with one click just click the A M S R or Input Echo button on the track folder To Create a Track Folder Right click in the Track pane of the Track view and choose Insert Track Folder from the popup menu Or Use the Insert Track Folder menu command Or Right click a track that s not in a track folder and select Move...

Page 217: ...Folder 1 Select the tracks you want to remove 2 Right click a selected track and choose Remove From Folder from the popup menu To Delete a Track Folder 1 In the Track view right click and select Delete Track Folder from the menu that appears 2 SONAR asks you if you want to delete all the tracks in the folder along with the track folder click Yes or No SONAR deletes the track folder If you didn t c...

Page 218: ...ane to display the FX bin and also expand the track pane a little An effects popup menu appears SONAR displays MIDI effects if you are editing a MIDI track and audio effects for an audio track 2 Select an effect from the menu The name of the effect appears in the Effects bin and the effect s property page appears To delete the effect right click the effect name and choose Delete from the popup men...

Page 219: ...ust the speed of your audio Here are some examples If your project contains background music and a voice over you might want to change the tempo of the background music without altering the voice over If you re trying to modify the speed of some MIDI tracks to match a sampled drum groove you want to leave the audio unchanged When you change the tempo of your project clips having stretching enabled...

Page 220: ...ect Click one of the tempo ratio buttons Choose Transport Tempo Ratio 1 2 or 3 Press Ctrl 1 Ctrl 2 or Ctrl 3 SONAR changes the speed of playback To Change the Tempo Ratio 1 Shift click one of the tempo ratio buttons to display the Tempo Ratio dialog box 2 Enter a new value for the tempo ratio 3 Click OK From now on that tempo ratio button uses the ratio you entered Using the Tempo Commands The Ins...

Page 221: ...r more clips right clicking a selected clip and choosing Groove Clip Looping from the popup menu Each clip that has Groove clip looping enabled has beveled edges instead of sharp corners The same command disables Groove Clip Looping on any selected clip that has Groove Clip Looping enabled 2 Choose Insert Series of Tempos to display the Insert Series of Tempos dialog box 3 Enter a starting tempo e...

Page 222: ...ue in the Tempo field Click the arrows to change the value Tap a new tempo in the space indicated in the dialog box 5 Click OK SONAR changes the most recent tempo to the new value Using the Tempo View The Tempo view provides a graphic display of the tempo In the Tempo view you can use your mouse to draw tempo changes directly onto the graph Choose View Tempo or click on the toolbar to display the ...

Page 223: ... tool 3 Click in the Tempo view at any desired time point and tempo level SONAR introduces a tempo change at the indicated point To Steadily Increase or Decrease the Tempo in the Tempo View 1 Enable Groove Clip Looping on any audio clips that you want to follow the tempo changes Do this by selecting one or more clips right clicking a selected clip and choosing Groove Clip Looping from the popup me...

Page 224: ...es Groove Clip Looping on any selected clip that has Groove Clip Looping enabled 2 Select the tool 3 Drag the mouse over the graph to highlight the region you want to erase 4 Release the mouse button SONAR deletes all tempo changes in the area you marked The last tempo setting prior to the erased region is now in effect in that region To Insert a Tempo Change in the Tempo List in the Tempo View 1 ...

Page 225: ...ping enabled 2 Click the Tempo List button to display or hide the tempo list 3 In the tempo list select the tempo change to be deleted 4 Click Delete Tempo or press Delete SONAR deletes the selected tempo change You cannot delete the first tempo in the list Undo Redo and the Undo History SONAR provides very powerful Undo and Redo commands that let you move forward or backward through any portion o...

Page 226: ... current project and free up some memory If SONAR is low on memory it may offer to erase the History list To revert to an earlier version of a project highlight the entry in the History list that represents the point to which you d like to return and click OK SONAR performs the necessary undo or redo actions to take you to that point Once you edit the project for example by inserting a note the Hi...

Page 227: ...ed using pitch markers In SONAR you can import ACID loops or digital audio clips and convert them to Groove clips You can also record your own audio and create Groove clips To download more Groove clips and loops visit www cakewalk com In This Chapter The Loop Construction View 228 The Loop Explorer View 231 Working with Loops 233 Working with Groove Clips 234 MIDI Groove Clips 239 Importing Proje...

Page 228: ...g button to loop clips in the Track view by dragging the left or right side of a clip with your mouse When you loop enable a clip it automatically snaps to the nearest beat boundary at 1 2 4 8 16 etc beats SONAR calculates the appropriate beat number Change the number in the Beats in Clip field if you want to change the total number of beats in the clip Enable Stretching The Enable Stretching butt...

Page 229: ...ot enabled and a value of 2 is entered in the Pitch coarse field the clip is transposed down two semitones to D from the original pitch of E Pitch fine The Pitch fine field allows you to make tuning adjustments or to transpose the pitch of a clip up to 50 cents There are 100 cents in one semi tone A Pitch fine setting of 1 adjusts the pitch up one hundredth of a semi tone The Pitch fine option can...

Page 230: ...h slice of the clip has its own segment of the envelope which you can adjust by dragging the segment up or down Show Hide Pan Envelope Clicking this button shows or hides the clip s pan envelope Each slice of the clip has its own segment of the envelope which you can adjust by dragging the segment up or down Show Hide Pitch Envelope Clicking this button shows or hides the clip s pitch envelope Eac...

Page 231: ... percentage For example if the highest percentage in the Audio Scale Ruler reads 2 0 then only the parts of the waveform which are within 2 of the zero crossing appear in the clip dB shows audio scaling by dB For example if the highest dB in the Audio Scaling Ruler reads 36 then only the parts of the waveform which are 36 dB below 0 dB appear in the clip Zoom Factor shows audio scaling by a factor...

Page 232: ...r toolbar 3 Click the Stop button to stop playing the selected Wave file Tool Name What It Does Move Up Opens the folder one level above the active folder Refresh Refreshes the active folder Windows Explorer Opens Windows Explorer at the same directory being viewed in the Loop Explorer view Play Plays the selected media file Stop Stops the playback of the selected file Auto Preview Automatically p...

Page 233: ...ing To Enable or Disable a Clip for Looping 1 Double click on the clip you want to loop The Loop Construction view appears 2 In the Loop Construction view click the Enable Looping button Or In the Track view select a clip and press Ctrl L or select Edit Groove Clip Looping To Create Repetitions of a Loop 1 Set the Snap value if you want the loop to repeat at precise time boundaries 2 Move the curs...

Page 234: ... Track view s Time Ruler to transpose the Groove clip As your project passes over a pitch marker SONAR transposes your Groove clips based on the clip s root note reference pitch If you insert no pitch markers in your project there are no pitch changes in your Groove clips The default project pitch is C Note When working with Groove clips it is important to know the difference between key and pitch...

Page 235: ... Track View on page 238 Creating and Editing Groove Clips Any audio clip can be converted to a Groove clip Groove clips contain tempo beat and pitch information which SONAR uses to stretch and transpose the clips to match the project Most Groove clips are loop enabled meaning that you can use the mouse to drag clip repetitions in the Track view Groove clips can be either loop enabled or not althou...

Page 236: ...the following to change the value in the Original BPM field Click the plus or minus button to the right of the Original BPM field until the correct value is displayed For more precise tempos you can double click in the Original BPM field and enter a tempo To Slice a Clip 1 Double click on a clip in the Clips pane The clip appears in the Loop Construction view 2 Slice the clip using one or all of t...

Page 237: ...his procedure to make slight pitch changes to a clip 1 Double click the clip you want to transpose to the project s pitch The clip appears in the Loop Construction view 2 In the Fine Pitch cents field enter the number of cents you want to adjust the pitch You can enter a number from 50 transpose the pitch down by a quarter tone to 50 transpose the pitch up by a quarter tone To Edit the Slicing Mar...

Page 238: ...tch 2 In the second Slice Pitch field click the plus or minus buttons to change the pitch value To Adjust Slice Gain Pan and Pitch Using Slice Envelopes You can change an envelope s gain pan and or pitch settings by dragging the envelope up or down in that slice Saving Groove Clips as Wave Files ACIDized Wave Files Once you have created a Groove clip in SONAR you can save the clip as a Groove Clip...

Page 239: ...Pitch Your project s pitch changes wherever you insert a pitch marker If you don t insert any pitch markers your project stays at its default pitch To Create a Pitch Marker 1 In the Track view right click in the Time Ruler 2 Select Create a Marker from the menu that appears 3 The Marker dialog appears 4 In the Groove Clip Pitch dropdown select a pitch 5 Click OK To Move a Pitch Marker Click and dr...

Page 240: ...ears with beveled edges in the Clips pane To Create Repetitions of a MIDI Groove Clip 1 Set the Snap value if you want the clip to repeat at precise time boundaries 2 Move the cursor over the end or beginning of the clip until the cursor looks like this When the cursor changes click the end or beginning of the clip and drag it to the right if you are dragging out from the end or left if you are dr...

Page 241: ...clips Using the File Import MIDI command Using the Loop Explorer view Dragging a MIDI Groove clip from the Windows Explorer to a MIDI track in SONAR For step by step information see the following procedures To Export MIDI Groove Clips with the File Command 1 Highlight the MIDI Groove clip that you want to export 2 Use the File Export MIDI Groove Clip command The Export MIDI dialog appears 3 Naviga...

Page 242: ...ere you want it Move the Now Time to the place where you want to import the file highlight the track you want to import the file into and double click the file To Import a MIDI Groove Clip with Drag and Drop 1 Make sure that the Snap to Grid setting is appropriate for what you want to do 2 In the Windows Explorer navigate to a folder where you store MIDI Groove clips 3 Drag the MIDI Groove clip to...

Page 243: ...rojects The Event List view lets you see and modify every detail of your project Finally you can apply a variety of effects and filters to enhance your MIDI data SONAR has many additional commands and features for working with audio For more information see Editing Audio on page 315 In This Chapter Event Inspector Toolbar 244 The Piano Roll View 244 Selecting and Editing Events 261 Slip Editing MI...

Page 244: ... and drum notes as diamonds Pitch runs from bottom to top with the left vertical margin indicating the pitches as piano keys or note names Time is displayed running left to right with vertical measure and beat boundaries The Piano Roll view makes it easy to add edit and delete notes from a track A single track version of the Piano Roll view is available in each track in the Track view This view is...

Page 245: ...erties in any MIDI track s assigned to a drum map You can also edit controllers in this pane if you choose to hide the Controller pane For more information see The Drum Grid Pane on page 311 Adding and Editing Controllers in the Piano Roll View on page 254 Notes Pane In this pane you can add edit and delete notes in any MIDI track s not assigned to a drum map You can also edit controllers in this ...

Page 246: ...ck on a track and choose View Piano Roll from the popup menu Double click on a MIDI clip in the Clips pane Each selected track is displayed You can always switch to a different track or tracks simply click the button or press T and choose the track you want The Piano Roll view lets you edit notes and controllers during playback or recording in real time This means you can loop over a portion of yo...

Page 247: ... If the notes of two tracks overlap the notes of the topmost track in the Track List pane appear over the notes of the other track You can move a track up or down by in the Track List pane by clicking and holding on the track and moving the track to the desired position All tracks ending in the same digit 2 12 22 etc share the same color The default colors can be changed using Options Colors The E...

Page 248: ...iano Roll view lets you quickly hide or show any combination of the data in a MIDI track or in multiple MIDI tracks This button is independent of the Show Hide MIDI Events button in a track s Inline Piano Roll view see also Displaying Notes and Controllers in the Inline Piano Roll View on page 260 The Show Hide MIDI Events button is located in the upper left corner of the Piano Roll view To Hide o...

Page 249: ...s in the measure The Snap to Grid menu determines how precisely you can place your notes in time You can edit notes by a variety of methods Select notes and then use editing commands from the Edit menu the Process menu or the Event Inspector toolbar Move single or groups of selected notes with the Select tool Edit the pitch location duration start time and velocity of individual or groups of selec...

Page 250: ...me time first select them with the Select tool MIDI notes display their velocity value as a wide or narrow column You can drag the column up or down to edit the note s velocity Holding the Draw tool over the middle of the note in the upper third of the note displays a small velocity column on the Draw tool to show that the tool is in the target zone To do this Do this Select a single note Click on...

Page 251: ...le notes at the same time select them with the Select tool Editing any of the notes in the selection edits all the selected notes in the same way 2 Click to select the Draw tool make sure that the Auto Erase button is not enabled unless you want to delete notes 3 Set the Snap to Grid to the desired value if you re editing in the Inline Piano Roll view make sure you use the PRV tab of the Snap to G...

Page 252: ...m the popup menu and checking the Display Vertical Rules checkbox To Edit Velocity 1 If you want to edit multiple notes at the same time select them with the Select tool Editing any of the notes in the selection edits all the selected notes in the same way 2 Make sure Velocity has a checkmark next to it in the Show Hide MIDI Events menu 3 Enable the Draw tool 4 Move the cursor over the upper third...

Page 253: ...ote velocities in the Drum Grid Editor see Editing Note Velocities on page 309 For more information see Velocity Pitch Wheel and Aftertouch on page 288 To Temporarily Turn off the Auto Erase Button 1 Hold down the Alt key 2 Make the desired edits 3 Release the Alt key To Scrub the Project 1 Click or press B to select the Scrub tool 2 Press and hold the left mouse button in the Piano Roll view SONA...

Page 254: ...olor patterns Controller tail uses the same color as the edit handle when the controller can be edited in other words when the controller is selected in the Edit MIDI Event Type menu You can automatically enable a controller type for editing by clicking its edit handle with the Draw tool Selected if a controller event is selected both the edit handle and the tail darken in shade the way that selec...

Page 255: ...r events you added appear as vertical lines each with an edit handle at the top that you can drag Each different type of controller event appears with a different color When you use the Draw tool the speed with which you drag the mouse determines the density of controller events To insert a larger number of controller events with relatively small changes in value move the mouse slowly To insert a ...

Page 256: ...hoosing the controller type from the popup menu The controller events you chose change shade to show that you can edit them 2 Drag the edit handle of each controller event that you want to edit vertically and or horizontally A tooltip appears when you depress the mouse and constantly reports the controller name channel value and location of the controller value that you are editing Release the mou...

Page 257: ...tes or events Display multiple controller types simultaneously Choose which MIDI events you want to display Use separate Snap to Grid settings in the Clips pane mode and Inline Piano Roll mode You control the Inline Piano Roll view with controls in the Inline Piano Roll toolbar the MIDI Scale and four buttons found in the Track strip controls of each track the PRV Mode button the Show Hide MIDI Ev...

Page 258: ...w Options from the popup menu To Hide or Show All Tracks Inline Piano Roll Views In the Inline Piano Roll toolbar click the PRV mode button To display the Inline Piano Roll toolbar use the View Toolbars command to open the Toolbars dialog and check the Inline Piano Roll checkbox or Use the Track In line PRV PRV Mode command The MIDI Scale MIDI tracks have a control called the MIDI Scale This contr...

Page 259: ...ically with the MIDI Scale Right click the MIDI Scale and drag up or down to scroll To Fit a Single Track s Content into its Inline Piano Roll View Right click the MIDI Scale and choose Fit Content from the popup menu Or Ctrl double click the MIDI Scale To Audition and Select Notes To audition and select a note Shift click the note s pitch in the MIDI Scale To audition and select all notes within ...

Page 260: ...Value Types To show or hide all the outlines of any clips in the track click Show Clip Outlines 3 After you choose an option the menu closes You can repeat steps 1 and 2 to choose more options 4 To hide or show all controllers click the left side of the Show Hide MIDI Events button The button turns white when all controllers are hidden and blue when all controllers are showing To Hide or Show Note...

Page 261: ...ppears 4 Fill in options and click OK Click the Help button in the dialog for an explanation of each option SONAR pastes the copied data to the desired location Transposing The Process Transpose command transposes the pitches of selected note events up or down by a fixed number of steps It does so by changing the MIDI key numbers of note events Simply enter the number of half steps a negative numb...

Page 262: ...iatonically When this checkbox is enabled the following two options become available Type choose the type of audio data you re transposing Choose options based on the source material single voice or instrument versus a group of instruments ensemble or polyphonic and how long you want to wait for processing to finish better quality can take a long time if you re processing several tracks Formant sc...

Page 263: ...annot slide any event earlier than 1 01 000 For example if the current selection starts at 2 01 000 you cannot slide events earlier by more than one measure 5 Click OK when you are done SONAR shifts the selected events and or markers You can also use the Process Nudge command to move events See Nudge on page 198 for more information Inserting Time or Measures into a Project The Insert Time Measure...

Page 264: ...lick OK when you are done SONAR inserts the desired amount of blank time into the project Deleting Measures or Time from One or More Tracks There are two methods for deleting time or measures If there is any audio or MIDI data in the area you want to delete you can use the Edit Delete command to delete the area that you select Portions of MIDI clips may have no data in them they have boundaries bu...

Page 265: ...ue of 50 percent shrinks the selection to half its original length Process Fit to Time stretches or shrinks the selection so that it ends at a specific time expressed in either measure beat tick MBT or hours minutes seconds frames SMPTE format This command gives you a choice of modifying the events or modifying the underlying tempo This is useful when you want a portion of a project to have an exa...

Page 266: ...t to wait for processing to finish better quality can take a long time if you re processing several tracks Formant scaling possible values range from 2 000 to 2 000 octaves Formants give a voice its characteristic sound If you find that changing the length of your audio changes the timbre too much you can raise or lower the formant to try and maintain the characteristics of the sound 5 Use the spi...

Page 267: ... length of selected events or changes the tempo map as you requested Reversing Notes in a Clip The Process Retrograde command reverses the order of events in a selection If one or more clips are selected then the events within each clip are reversed If several clips are selected from the same track then the order of the clips is also reversed You could use this command for example to take a scale ...

Page 268: ...01 Slip Editing Modes Slip editing has three modes Trimming As a default when slip editing a clip the clip s contents always remains fixed in time If the first measure of a clip is hidden using slip editing the remaining material does not shift forward in time by a measure The first measure of the clip is simply muted during playback Playback of the clip resumes at the second measure Slide trimmin...

Page 269: ...p When the cursor changes to look like this click and drag the clip to the left or right as desired The contents MIDI data in the clip follow the Snap to Grid resolution i e if your resolution is set to half note the contents of your clip moves in half note intervals Slide trimming the beginning of a clip Moving the start time of the clip and the clip s contents while preserving the end time Press...

Page 270: ... a clip The Quantize commands alter the timing of the notes in your recording so that they fit a time grid The grid can have fixed time intervals or intervals that are based on some existing note pattern The Fit to Improvisation command on the other hand sets up a series of tempos that fit the material you have recorded Here s a summary of when to use each type of command These two types of comman...

Page 271: ...If you are quantizing a mix of sixteenth and eighth notes you should still use a sixteenth note At the default timebase of 480 PPQ 480 clock ticks is equal to quarter note resolution When you use Groove Quantize SONAR creates a grid at the desired resolution on top of the notes in the groove For example if the groove contains only quarter notes but you choose sixteenth note resolution SONAR builds...

Page 272: ...ilable with the Groove Quantize command adjusts the note velocity to the velocity of the corresponding notes in the groove Strength The human ear is tuned to the slight imperfections we hear from most musicians If you quantize a project so that all notes are perfectly in position it may end up sounding mechanical or rigid To avoid this SONAR lets you adjust the strength of the adjustment A strengt...

Page 273: ...en the first and second grid points is twice as long as the time between the second and third points The figure below illustrates the effect of the swing setting on the timing grid Window When you quantize some portion of a project you might not want to adjust notes that are very far from the grid The window or sensitivity setting lets you choose how close to the resolution grid a note must be loc...

Page 274: ...ize to display the Quantize dialog box Option How it works Do Not Change Notes outside the window are not changed Quantize to Resolution Notes outside the window are snapped to a regular grid of the specified resolution Move to Nearest The window or sensitivity setting is ignored all notes are moved toward the nearest reference event regardless of how far off the grid they are located Scale Time S...

Page 275: ...tize Command 1 Select the track or clip you want to quantize using any of the selection tools and commands 2 Choose Process Groove Quantize to display the Groove Quantize dialog box 3 Choose a groove file from the Groove File field 4 Choose a groove pattern from the Groove Pattern field 5 Use the following fields to configure your pattern Setting What to do Resolution Choose a note size or enter t...

Page 276: ...he groove pattern you have created you can save it to a groove file Groove files can store one or more groove patterns SONAR supports two types of groove files DNA grooves which contain only timing information but are compatible with some other MIDI sequencer software products SONAR s native groove format which stores timing duration and velocity information and can handle longer patterns and long...

Page 277: ...hoose an existing pattern to replace 8 Click OK 9 If you are replacing a groove verify that you want to delete the existing version 10 Click Close when you are done to return to the Groove Quantize dialog box SONAR stores the groove in the file and chooses the new groove as the current groove source To Copy an Existing Groove 1 Choose Process Groove Quantize to display the Groove Quantize dialog b...

Page 278: ... resolution value roughly on the order of the duration of the bass notes and a window of 100 percent SONAR aligns the melody note events with the nearest bass notes Synchronizing rhythm and solo tracks If you want to preserve the unique rhythm of each track but want to synchronize them together in time try a larger resolution value and a smaller window For example suppose you have one track with a...

Page 279: ...e as close as possible to the beat of the music Note that some keyboards transmit aftertouch events when you record your reference track These extra events will prevent Process Fit Improvisation from working properly Therefore you should delete these events before using this command or filter them out when recording the reference track using Options Global MIDI To Fit Tempos to an Improvisation 1 ...

Page 280: ...nu that appears In the Piano Roll view right click a track s name in the Track List pane and choose Root Note name of root note from the popup menu To Choose a Scale for a Single Track Do either or the following In the Track view click the dropdown arrow in the track s Scale menu and choose a scale from the menu that appears The scale options in the menu contain both factory supplied scales and on...

Page 281: ...tons under the Scale Degrees field Included notes appear as blue dots in the keyboard display as depressed scale degree buttons and as scale degrees in the Scale Degrees field 6 When you re through choosing scale degrees click the Close button to save your changes If you want to delete your scale just highlight it in the Scale field and click the Delete button To Edit or Delete a Scale 1 Open the ...

Page 282: ...ales Snap Settings command or the right click menu in the Track List pane of the Piano Roll view 2 Choose one of the following options Adjust to Next Higher Note if you choose this option SONAR moves any non scale note that you move to the next higher note in the selected scale Adjust to Previous Lower Note if you choose this option SONAR moves any non scale note that you move to the previous lowe...

Page 283: ... example you might want to Select the notes that are played in a certain octave so you can copy them to another track Select and boost the velocity of notes that have a velocity below a certain threshold Find the first patch change event on a particular track Select and change the duration of all notes that occur on the third beat of any measure The Event Filter dialog box looks like this Select a...

Page 284: ... The All and None buttons help you set up the event filter the way you want In any place in the event filter where you would normally enter a pitch string you can also enter the pitch by pressing a key on your MIDI keyboard Also you can use the question mark in place of the octave number as a wild card This lets the event filter accept a single note regardless of the octave For example the pitch s...

Page 285: ... SONAR applies the event filter rule but the change is not visible However once you change the selection in any way for example by clicking on a track number or by clicking in the Time Ruler the effects of the event filter are erased If you want to use the filter you must choose Edit Select By Filter again and click OK to use the same filter values To Select Events Using the Event Filter 1 First s...

Page 286: ...boxes and value ranges for beats and ticks are ignored Only the replacement value ranges for the selected event types are used The Process Interpolate command understands a wild card octave number in the second event filter to mean replace the original note with a different note in the original octave Using octave wild cards for both the search and replacement event filters lets you for instance c...

Page 287: ...hat the Piano Roll envelopes occupy and using the Edit Convert MIDI To Shapes command For more information on automation see Chapter 13 Automation and Chapter 11 Mixing and Effects Patching For more information about the Event List view see The Event List View on page 289 Controllers Controllers are the MIDI events such as volume sustain pedal and pan that you use to change the sound while you re ...

Page 288: ...bers SONAR uses for RPN and NRPN events Automation Data The Track and Console views allow you to record automation data that define changes in volume pan and many other parameters throughout a project The automation data can include step changes recorded using the snapshot button or continuous changes recorded while using the knobs faders and buttons The Track view allows you to create envelopes t...

Page 289: ...sive meta events and more There are three ways to open the Event List view Select one or more tracks and choose View Event List Select one or more tracks and click in the Views toolbar Right click a clip in the Clips pane and choose View Event List from the popup menu The events in the selected tracks are listed one per line from top to bottom As you move the highlight through the event list SONAR...

Page 290: ...nt List toolbar or by checking its checkbox in the Event Manager dialog box Here is a summary listing of the parameters that apply to each type of event Short name and display button Type of event Parameters Note MIDI note Pitch MIDI key number velocity 0 127 duration beats ticks or simply ticks MIDI channel 1 16 KeyAft MIDI key aftertouch Pitch MIDI key number pressure amount 0 127 MIDI channel 1...

Page 291: ...and number of samples Shape Events Automation graph segments made up of a solid line between two nodes Change in values kind of shape and length in MBT format Note Shape events cannot be edited only deleted Expression Staff view expression marking Text of expression mark Hairpin Staff view dynamics marking Direction crescendo or diminuendo and duration Chord Staff view chord symbol The name of the...

Page 292: ...ease values by a larger amount Click and hold the mouse button and then drag the mouse up or down to change the value by a To do this Do this Select a single event Click on the event Select multiple contiguous events Select the first event hold the Shift key down and click the last event Select multiple contiguous events using the arrow keys Hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys while pressing the up ...

Page 293: ...u need by double clicking the name of the event that s listed in the Kind column The Kind of Event dialog box appears 4 Choose what kind of event you want and click OK SONAR changes the highlighted event to the kind you chose 5 Edit the event time and other parameter values as required If the Event List is initially empty pressing the Insert key creates a default note event To Delete an Event 1 Mo...

Page 294: ...ote lasts This amount is shown in beats ticks format If the note lasts less then one beat then only the number of ticks is shown Note names may also represent percussion instruments and lists of such note names are sometimes associated with a particular percussion patch The note C3 for example may really be kick drum If a patch is associated with a percussion note name list the name of the percuss...

Page 295: ...iew the music with the effect applied Click OK to apply the effect to the selected MIDI data If you re not happy with the result choose Edit Undo before doing any additional work MIDI effects can be applied to whole or partial clips For example you can apply an echo to just one note MIDI effects can also be applied to MIDI tracks in real time during playback in the Track and Console views Unlike a...

Page 296: ...rid used for quantization Tuplet Specify the resolution as a tuplet note for example 5 notes in the time of 4 Strength The strength of the adjustments 100 indicates perfect quantization otherwise the command moves the notes only part way towards the desired position Swing The distortion of timing used to produce a swing feel A value of 50 indicates a straight rendition negative and positive values...

Page 297: ... open the Event Filter dialog box 3 Set the event filter parameters 4 Click OK SONAR applies the specified event filter to the selected data removing all those events that do not meet the filter criteria Parameter Option Meaning Decay The reduction in velocity with each echo A value greater than 100 indicates an increase in velocity No Echoes The number of echo notes for each original note If the ...

Page 298: ...te up to the start of the next note Path The direction of the arpeggio Options are Up Up arpeggios go up Up Down arpeggios go up then down Down Down arpeggios go down Down Up arpeggios go down then up Play thru The disposition of the notes you play to specify the arpeggio Checked plays the original notes Unchecked filters out the original notes Specify output range The range over which the arpeggi...

Page 299: ...k the Audition key SONAR displays the chord and its name To clear the display press the Clear button Note When analyzing chords you may see chords being displayed before you hear them You can reduce the amount of time these chords appear ahead of playback To do so open the MIDI tab in the Global Options dialog Options Global and enter a lower value in the Prepare Using N Milliseconds Buffer option...

Page 300: ... from X to Y Scales velocities by a gradually changing factor Limit range from X to Y Brings all velocities into the specified range Randomize by X Adds or subtracts a random offset from each velocity You must also specify the maximum offset You can select this option in addition to one of the previous options Tendency The tendency of the random offset to be lower or higher on a scale from 10 to 1...

Page 301: ...or Key Scale transposition the starting and ending key and scale Transposition Map A table of pitch mappings for the specified transposition You can select to show the pitches as note names or as note numbers For Diatonic and Key Scale transpositions pitches not in the starting from key are indented To Change a pitch mapping click on a From pitch and select a To pitch with the popup slider If you ...

Page 302: ...302 ...

Page 303: ...sts the original pitch values and the mapped values for each note and the Drum Grid pane which displays your drum tracks any track assigned to a drum map and where you can edit your drum tracks In This Chapter The Basics 304 Creating and Editing a Drum Map 304 Using Drum Maps 308 The Note Map Pane 310 The Drum Grid Pane 311 The Pattern Brush Tool 312 8 ...

Page 304: ... Grid Editor to show only the drum sounds you want to see Sort drum sounds to suit your needs Mute and solo individual drum sounds Creating and Editing a Drum Map You can create a drum map by either modifying an existing drum map or by creating a new drum map The Drum Map Manager In the Drum Map Manager dialog you can create and save drum maps for use with hardware or software synths and samplers ...

Page 305: ...y the drum mappings in the Drum Map Manager All drum maps in this field are saved with the current project Presets Presets can be used to populate the fields in the Drum Map Manager This field is also used to save new drum maps by entering a name in the field and clicking the save button New Drum Map button Delete Drum Map button Current Drum Map Preset list Click to create a new row Rows Port Cha...

Page 306: ...w 100 is compression A value above 100 is expansion The Vel setting allows for gain make up Ports and Channels This section lists each unique Port and Channel pairing This allows you to make quick global changes that Port and Channel pairing s bank and patch settings Working in the Drum Map Manager The following table lists several ways of editing settings in the Drum Map Manager To do this Do thi...

Page 307: ...ap Mgr button to open the Drum Map Manager dialog To Open the Map Properties Dialog Double click on a row in the Note Map pane Or Right click on a row in the Note Map pane and select Map Properties from the menu that appears Saving a Drum Map Use the following procedure to save a new or modified drum map 1 In the Drum Map Manager enter a name for the new drum map in the Preset field 2 Click the Sa...

Page 308: ...ssigning a MIDI Track to a Drum Map on page 308 2 Select the MIDI track you just assigned the drum map to and select View Piano Roll To Open All Tracks Assigned to a Drum Map 1 Select a single track assigned to the drum map 2 Hold down Ctrl Shift while selecting View Piano Roll Displaying Tracks in the Drum Grid Pane Use the following procedure to display a drum track or tracks in the Drum Grid pa...

Page 309: ...he velocity Drag it down to decrease the velocity To Edit Multiple Note Velocities in the Drum Grid Editor When you edit multiple notes that have different initial velocities the velocities are adjusted on a relative basis so if you reduce a velocity by 50 all other selected notes have their velocities reduced by the same percentage For example you select three notes The first has a velocity of 10...

Page 310: ...Settings You can change the following settings in the Note Map pane Mapped note name Note Out Mute Solo To Change the Name Setting The name of a mapped note in the Note Map pane is a user assigned variable Make it descriptive for easy reference To change the Name setting use the following procedure 1 In the Note Map pane double click on the appropriate row The Map Properties dialog appears 2 In th...

Page 311: ...m the menu that appears To Display the Note In and Note Out Values By Their Pitch Name You have the option of showing the Note In and Note Out values by their pitch names To do so use the following procedure Right click on any row in the Note Map pane and select the Display Pitch Names command from the menu that appears To Change the Order of Mapped Notes in the Drum Map Pane Use the following pro...

Page 312: ...nt Notes Using the Pattern Brush Tool 1 Open a track in the Drum Grid pane or the Note pane 2 In the Pattern Brush tool s dropdown menu select Note Duration 3 In the Piano Roll View toolbar select a note duration This value is the interval between notes when using the Pattern Brush tool 4 Click the Pattern Brush tool to select it Option Description Velocity Select this option to open the Pattern V...

Page 313: ...attern you want to use In the Pattern Brush tool s dropdown menu select Use Pattern Velocities 3 Click the Pattern Brush tool to select it Your cursor should appear like this when in the Drum Grid pane 4 Click where you want to begin placing notes and drag until you have inserted all the notes you want 5 Release the mouse button To Use a Custom Pattern s Pitch Values 1 Open a track in the Drum Gri...

Page 314: ... as you want ending the last pattern with a marker called end 7 Save the file as a MIDI file MID in the Pattern Brush Patterns folder in the directory where you installed SONAR Note You can change the default directory where SONAR looks for patterns in the Folders tab of the Global Options dialog You may need to re start SONAR to see the new patterns in the dropdown menu next to the Pattern Brush ...

Page 315: ...audio processing commands and audio effects can be used from the Event List view as well by selecting one or more audio clips then choosing the desired command from the Process Audio or Process Audio Effects menu Plug in effects can also be applied to audio data non destructively in real time in both the Console and Track views For more information see Chapter 11 Mixing and Effects Patching In Thi...

Page 316: ...is not fast enough or strong enough we won t hear it But if the vibration occurs at least twenty times a second and the molecules in the air are moved enough then we will hear sound Example A Guitar String To understand the process better let s take a closer look at a guitar string When a finger picks a guitar string the entire string starts to move back and forth at a certain rate This rate is ca...

Page 317: ...e and send out electrical signals In order for us humans to hear the sound the frequency of the vibration must be at least 20 Hz The highest frequency sound we can hear is theoretically 20 kHz but in reality it s probably closer to 15 or 17 kHz Other animals and microphones have different hearing ranges If the simple back and forth motion of the string was the only phenomenon involved in creating ...

Page 318: ...s or amplifies some of the vibrations produced by the string and diminishes or attenuates others The ultimate effect of all the vibrations occurring simultaneously being altered by the resonator adds up to the sound we know as guitar Waveforms A sound wave can be represented in many different ways as a mathematical formula as a series of numbers or graphically as a waveform A waveform displays the...

Page 319: ...acteristic shape or envelope and each has its own complex combination of frequency components which can change across the duration of the sound The center line of a waveform is the zero line it corresponds to the rest position displacement of 0 of the original vibrating object A waveform for perfect silence would be a horizontal line at zero Back and forth motions of the vibrating object translate...

Page 320: ...you want to record a moderately high note on a violin say the A whose fundamental frequency is 440 Hz and all overtones up to five times the fundamental The highest frequency you want to capture is 2 200 Hz so you need to measure the electrical signal from the microphone at least 4 400 times per second Since humans can hear frequencies well above 10 kHz most sound cards and digital recording syste...

Page 321: ...d quieter Audio Clips If you have read from the beginning of the chapter you should have a good idea of what is contained in a SONAR audio clip An audio clip contains a long series of numbers or samples representing the fluctuating amplitude of a waveform Audio clips are typically quite large hundreds of kilobytes to many megabytes in size By comparison a MIDI event takes only a few bytes to store...

Page 322: ... you can set complex envelopes on both clips and tracks You can use envelopes to change settings for gain volume pan mute bus send level and bus send pan The Scrub tool lets you audition portions of audio by dragging the mouse Use the Select tool to make selections Here is a summary of the ways in which you can select audio clips To do this Do this Select a single clip Click the clip Select severa...

Page 323: ... clip at the new starting time Moving Copying Pasting and Deleting Audio Clips Clips can be cut copied pasted and deleted with Edit menu commands or moved and copied with drag and drop techniques For more information see Arranging on page 183 Property Description Name The name of a clip is used in the Track view and Event List view You can assign any name to help you remember the contents of the c...

Page 324: ... reads 2 0 then only the parts of the waveform which are within 2 of the zero crossing appear in the clip dB shows audio scaling by dB For example if the highest dB in the Audio Scaling Ruler reads 36 then only the parts of the waveform which are 36 dB below 0 dB appear in the clip Zoom Factor shows audio scaling by a factor For example if the Zoom Factor reads 10 then the waveform is zoomed in by...

Page 325: ... Vertical Zoom Out button your cursor looks like this Increase Decrease the scale for all tracks using your mouse Hold down the Ctrl key click the Vertical Zoom Fader and drag the fader up or down When you hold down the Ctrl key and position your cursor over the Vertical Zoom fader your cursor looks like this Increase to maximum scale Hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys and click the Vertical Zoom I...

Page 326: ...n be split using the Scissors tool in the Track view or with the Split command To Split Clips with the Scissors Tool 1 If necessary zoom in in the Track view and use the Scrub tool to determine where you want to make a split 2 If you want the split to be made on a note or measure boundary a marker or by an event open the Snap to Grid dialog make the appropriate settings and click the Snap to Grid ...

Page 327: ... is overwritten Note 2 You control the bit depth of all rendering operations bouncing freezing applying effects on the Audio Data tab of the Global Options dialog Options Global command in the Render Bit Depth field The default value of 32 is the best for most situations See Bit Depths for Rendering Audio on page 552 for more information To Bounce to Clips 1 Select the clips to be combined in the ...

Page 328: ...ain frequencies Audio processing commands can work on whole partial and non contiguous clips For example suppose you want to make certain words in a vocal passage softer You can create a volume envelope and use it to lower the volume non destructively in just the section of the track containing those words You could also use the Process Audio Gain command to lower the volume destructively You shou...

Page 329: ...ng the volume of audio clips you should consider the following points Normalize raises the noise floor that is while it increases the volume of the signal it also boosts the noise it contains This is true when you raise the volume by other means too Due to the nature and limitations of digital audio the sum of all audio signals played together cannot exceed the waveform amplitude limit Even though...

Page 330: ...ialog Reversing Audio Data By reversing audio data you can make it play backwards You may wish to do this to obtain unusual sounds for special effects The Reverse command does not reverse the musical position of audio data Use the Process Retrograde command to invert the order of clips in time To Reverse Audio Data 1 Select the audio data to be affected 2 Choose Process Audio Reverse from the menu...

Page 331: ...te officially closes when loudness falls below this level although it can stay open later because of the Release Time Attack Time ms The value in this field is the interval of time after the volume reaches the Open Level for the gate to fully open Opening the gate gradually produces a fade in effect instead of an instant on off sound Hold Time ms The minimum time for the gate to stay open Hold Tim...

Page 332: ...rate MIDI notes that play along with a rhythm retaining all the accents in the rhythm track Create templates for the Process Groove Quantize command so that your MIDI tracks play with the same feel as your audio rhythm track Adjust the tempo and feel of an existing sequence to match that of a new rhythm track Record a new MIDI sequence on top of an audio rhythm track letting the audio track determ...

Page 333: ...periment with increasing the value of this parameter Find a Steady Rhythm Tells SONAR to look for a steady rhythm among all the pulses it finds For example if you re analyzing a drum track that consists of a steady beat on the snare and kick drum but which also has some syncopated accents you can use this option to ignore the syncopation and retain only the backbeat Parameter Option Meaning Insert...

Page 334: ...t a minimum dB threshold If the analyzed DC offset is below this value no removal takes place Analyze Left Channel dB and Right Channel dB this field displays the DC offset separately for the left and right channels Press the Audition button to update the display Compute DC Offset from first 5 seconds only to speed processing select the Compute DC offset from first 5 seconds only checkbox Only the...

Page 335: ...g If you want the clip s contents to shift in time you can preserve move the material in a slip edited clip by using modifier keys clicking the middle of the clip and moving it either right or left Slide trimming You can also shift the clip s contents in time in relation to either the beginning or end of the clip itself by slide trimming Using Slip editing Use the following procedures to slip edit...

Page 336: ...ave removed the unwanted information Scroll trimming a clip Moving the clip contents in time while maintaining the clip s start and end time Press the Alt Shift keys while moving the cursor over the middle of the clip When the cursor changes to look like this click and drag the clip to the left or right as desired The contents audio data in the clip follow the Snap to Grid resolution i e if your r...

Page 337: ...hift keys and move the cursor over the beginning of the clip When the cursor changes to look like this click and drag the beginning to the desired start time Slide trimming the end of a clip Moving the end time of the clip and the clip s contents while preserving the clip s start time Press the Alt Shift keys and move the cursor over the end of the clip When the cursor changes to look like this cl...

Page 338: ...s and Crossfades in Real Time You can create real time fades and crossfades in the Track view s Clips pane Real time fades and crossfades do not change the data in the clip SONAR reads the fade in fade out or crossfade in the clip and adjusts the gain accordingly You can edit the crossfade s start time and end times You can set the type of fade in or fade out you want to use as a default Linear A ...

Page 339: ...use over the top part of the beginning of a clip until the cursor looks like this 2 When your cursor changes click and drag to the right until you reach your desired fade in length Linear out Fast Curve in Slow Curve out Linear in Slow Curve out Slow Curve in Slow Curve out Fast Curve in Fast Curve out Linear in Fast Curve out Slow Curve in Fast Curve out Fast Curve in ...

Page 340: ...lowing procedure to create a crossfade between two audio clips 1 In the Track view click the Enable Disable Automatic Crossfades combo button located next to the Snap to Grid button or press the x key 2 Click the down arrow on the Enable Disable Automatic Crossfades combo button select Default Crossfade Curves and select a crossfade curve 3 Select and drag an audio clip so that it overlaps another...

Page 341: ...y slip editing the beginning of the clip The beginning of the fade in can not be separated from the beginning of the clip Use this procedure to change the start time of the fade in while maintaining the current end time of the fade 1 In the Clips pane move your cursor over the bottom part of the beginning of a clip which has a fade in 2 When your cursor looks like this click and drag the beginning...

Page 342: ...ing crossfade 1 Move your cursor over the region where the crossfade is 2 Right click and select the desired crossfade from the menu that appears To Edit or Create Fades from the Process Menu You can edit the length and type of fade ins and or fade outs on one or more clips using the Process Fade Selected Clips command or create fades from scratch 1 Select the clip or clips in which you want to cr...

Page 343: ...ade lets you create a smooth transition from one audio clip to another by fading two overlapping audio clips simultaneously one fades out the other fades in As with Fade Envelope you can choose from three different starting curves and change the shape of the curve To Apply a Fade to Audio Data 1 Select the audio data to be affected 2 Choose Process Audio Fade Envelope to open the Fade Envelope dia...

Page 344: ...ck but they must overlap in time for the command to have any effect 2 Choose Process Audio Crossfade to open the Crossfade dialog box 3 Select an envelope from the dropdown list 4 If desired manipulate the curve as described in the table above You can manipulate only the curve pertaining to the first of the two overlapping clips the second curve is automatically adjusted so that the two curves con...

Page 345: ...sole and Track views Unlike some of the audio processing discussed so far using effects in real time is non destructive This means that the audio clip data itself is not modified and no new audio files are created See Mixing and Effects Patching on page 363 for more information on real time effects Applying Audio Effects From the Console and Track views you can destructively apply audio effects fo...

Page 346: ...tereo Output Tracks Audio is fed into the plug in clip by clip in mono format A new stereo track is inserted beneath the selected track and the stereo output of the plug in is placed into this stereo track If the plug in produces only mono output SONAR automatically converts it to stereo If you check Keep Original Data SONAR won t delete the original audio data This lets you create stereo wet only...

Page 347: ...ve clips For more information see Chapter 6 Using Loops The time pitch stretch parameters are as follows Dry Mix The volume of the original unprocessed signal passed to the output Wet Mix The volume of the processed signal passed to the output Feedback Mix The amount of pitch shifted signal that is fed into a delay line Delay Time ms The length of the delay in milliseconds Mod Depth ms The amount ...

Page 348: ...gh can be used for special effects To Apply Time Pitch Stretch to Audio Data 1 Select the audio data to be affected 2 Choose Audio Effects Cakewalk Time Pitch Stretch from the Process menu or from the popup menu to open the Cakewalk FX Time Pitch Stretch dialog box 3 Set the time pitch stretch parameters as described in the table above 4 Click OK SONAR applies the time pitch stretch to the selecte...

Page 349: ...which allow you to use different synth tracks and effects for each patch or group of patches in a multi timbral multi port synth SONAR now seamlessly integrates VST plug ins The VST Configuration Wizard runs automatically on startup registering all your VST plug ins See The VST Configuration Wizard on page 403 for more information In This Chapter Synth Rack View 350 Synth Tracks 350 ReWire Instrum...

Page 350: ...d MIDI tracks A synth track functions much like an audio track but with a few differences A synth track s input is always a synth or a ReWire device which means you cannot record audio or enable input monitoring from another source on that track A synth track can display a waveform preview of its output When you enable this display function by clicking the button on the track strip the amplitude o...

Page 351: ... need separate plug ins for each sound or just want to use the soft synth s internal effects The Insert Soft Synth Options dialog gives you the option of automatically creating a separate synth track for each audio output that the soft synth has or creating just one synth track for Output 1 of that particular soft synth Each new copy also called an instance of a soft synth is considered to be a se...

Page 352: ...racks options SONAR adds the soft synth to the audio track input and MIDI track output menus You need to set an existing MIDI track s Output field to the soft synth and set an existing audio track s Input field to the soft synth the audio track will then become a synth track If you want to open the soft synth s interface from this dialog check the Open These Windows Synth Property Page checkbox If...

Page 353: ...ck view to select it and then click the Properties button in the Synth Rack toolbar or press c Playing a Soft Synth There are several ways to play a soft synth You can record MIDI data and use the soft synth as a playback device Note WDM or ASIO drivers do not improve performance when you play back recorded MIDI data the improvement comes only when you play a soft synth in real time from an extern...

Page 354: ...off 2 Make sure that the Audio Engine button in the Transport toolbar is depressed 3 Insert a soft synth into your project see Inserting a Soft Synth on page 351 if necessary Note If you patch a soft synth into a bus that has no audio track assigned to it the soft synth does not sound Always use a bus that has at least one audio track sending data to it 4 In the MIDI track that sends its output to...

Page 355: ...R leaves the synth track unmuted To mute or solo all the MIDI tracks that are patched to a specific soft synth simply mute or solo the synth track that the MIDI tracks are patched into SONAR automatically mutes or solos all the correct MIDI tracks Or Click the M or S buttons mute and solo respectively next to the soft synth s name in the Synth Rack view This mutes or solos all the tracks associate...

Page 356: ...ls Some synths have controls that you can automate by drawing envelopes in either the Track view or Piano Roll view Some synths allow you to record the movements of their faders and other control knobs Your synth s manufacturer determines which controls if any you can automate Note By default you can only record MIDI or automation data sent by a synth into a MIDI track whose Output field is set to...

Page 357: ...o draw a graph of the desired controller values Note MIDI controllers in the Piano Roll Notes pane and MIDI envelopes in the Track view Clips pane are actually separate data even if they control the same parameter Both kinds of data are visible in the Clips pane and should generally not be used to control the same parameter You can convert Piano Roll view controller data to Track view envelopes by...

Page 358: ... there is only one MIDI track feeding that synth track You must always close your ReWire application s before you close SONAR Some ReWire applications prevent SONAR from closing properly if the ReWire applications are still open Inserting a ReWire Instrument After you install your ReWire applications and reboot your computer the names of the ReWire applications appear in SONAR s Insert menu under ...

Page 359: ...e whether you want to use your MIDI controller in SONAR or in your ReWire application If you want to use your controller in your ReWire application deselect your MIDI In port in SONAR s MIDI Devices dialog and select that input in your ReWire application 7 In the MIDI track whose output is the ReWire synth track click the drop down arrow in the Channel field to display the names of the available R...

Page 360: ...his in SONAR by using the Options MIDI Devices command and highlighting the MIDI In port you want to use in SONAR If you only have one MIDI In port on your MIDI interface or sound card enable that input in either SONAR or your ReWire application and disable that input in the other application I Get a MIDI Input Error Message When I Open a ReWire Application If you only have one MIDI Input port on ...

Page 361: ...ound card s design After you do this you need to arm an audio track in SONAR and select one of your sound card s wave drivers as an input Start recording and make sure the MIDI track that is routed to the synth is playing back You can use your sound card s wave capture or what you hear option if it has one See the following procedure To Record A Stand alone Synth with your Sound Card s Wave Captur...

Page 362: ...on SONAR records all the MIDI tracks that are assigned to the stand alone synth as a stereo audio track After you finish recording mute the MIDI tracks that you just recorded so you don t hear them and the new audio track at the same time ...

Page 363: ...he Track view support automation which lets you record and play back volume and pan changes and other track parameters For more information on automation see Chapter 13 Automation In This Chapter Preparing to Mix 364 Mixing MIDI 371 Routing and Mixing Digital Audio 374 Metering 378 Freeze Tracks and Synths 384 V Vocal Clips 391 Using V Vocal 392 Using Real Time Effects 386 Using Control Groups 404...

Page 364: ...e a CD master or to publish your work on the internet Preparing to Mix The Console and Track views contain all the controls you need to mix your project To open the Console view click the Console view button or choose View Console The Track view is always open MIDI module Mute Solo Arm buttons MIDI audio and synth modules Bus modules Main Out module The Console View Synth module Audio module Volum...

Page 365: ...put bus or Main out destination choose an input monitor input levels mute solo and arm the track set track volume and panning add real time effects send audio data to buses or main outs Synth track Set the track s output bus or Main out destination set the input mute and solo the track set track volume and panning add real time effects send audio data to buses or main outs Bus Receive input from o...

Page 366: ...turn it to its snap to position Volume and pan faders also have snap to positions double click a fader s knob to return the fader to its snap to value The controls and effects patch points all have tool tips associated with them To see a description of a particular control or effect simply rest the cursor over the item for a few seconds Click a button to enable disable it Drag sliders left and rig...

Page 367: ...rack set track volume and panning add real time effects send audio data to buses or main outs Synth track Set the track s output set the input mute and solo the track enable a waveform preview set track volume and panning add real time effects send audio data to buses or main outs Bus Receive input from one or more audio tracks add real time effects and send the results to a main out or another bu...

Page 368: ... Set control snap to positions Insert new tracks Name tracks and buses Meters are helpful in determining the relative volumes of your audio tracks and in detecting and preventing overload By default the Console view displays output level meters in main out modules at all times and displays record level meters in individual tracks whenever they are armed and have an audio input The display of meter...

Page 369: ... or the quick select buttons to select multiple modules press the Spacebar to check or uncheck all the selected modules at once Please note that the track display selections you make in the Track view do not affect those in the Console view and vice versa 3 Click OK To Hide a Bus or Track Right click on the module and choose Hide Track or Hide Bus To Narrow a Module Console view only 1 Right click...

Page 370: ...outed through the bus you delete the signal will be rerouted to the deleted bus s output To Create a Bus Send in a Track 1 Right click in an empty part of the Track pane Track view or a track module Console view 2 Select Insert Send for a list of buses available 3 Select a bus from the list To Set the Snap to Position of a Knob or Fader 1 Set the control to the desired position 2 Right click on th...

Page 371: ... time MIDI effect to the track Right click in theFX bin and select an effect from the list for more information Using Real Time Effects later in the chapter Remove an effect Select the effect and press Delete or right click and select Delete Select the output Click the Output control and choose one from the list Select the channel Click the Channel button and choose one from the list Select the ba...

Page 372: ... card installed select the one that your synth uses as an output 2 Arm the destination track 3 Mute or archive any tracks that you don t want to record to the destination track 4 If SONAR s metronome is set to use any software synth to produce a click disable the metronome during recording option in the Project Options dialog box To do this select Options Project to open the Project Options dialog...

Page 373: ...rd Audio clip Clip envelopes Clip mute Hardware input Soft Synth input Phase Interleave Playback Meter pre fader pre FX Playback Meter post fader Pan Playback meter post fader Surround bus Pre fader Post fader FX bin Send level Send pan Surround or Stereo Bus Hardware out Hardware Outputs Clip FX bin Volume fader Mute button V Vocal ...

Page 374: ...and select Delete Send audio data from the track to a bus Insert a send in the track controls by right clicking in the track controls and selecting Insert Send name of bus you want the data to go to Click the FX tab at the bottom of the Track pane and then click the track s bus enable button so that it turns green and set the Bus Send Level and Bus Send Pan for more information see Stereo Buses on...

Page 375: ...h track s data passes through the track s send level knob on its way to the bus This is shown in the diagram below Bus Send level Bus send on off button Pan control Volume fader Output Pre Post fader button Phase button This track is routed to Bus 1 and 2 Pre fader output level to Bus 2 is not affected by the track s volume fader Post fader track s volume fader controls output level to Bus 1 ...

Page 376: ...e track doesn t have a Send module you can insert one by right clicking the track and choosing Insert Send name of bus you want the data to go to Send audio data from a bus to another bus If the bus doesn t have a Send module you can insert one by right clicking the bus and choosing Insert Send name of bus you want the data to go to Then click the Bus Send Enable button so that it s green and adju...

Page 377: ... bus 6 Repeat step 5 for all the tracks you want to patch through the bus 7 In the bus adjust the Input Gain and Output volume controls to the approximate level you want 8 In the bus drag the Input pan and Output pan controls to the approximate positions you want 9 Play your tracks and adjust the Send Level controls the pan controls etc To Mute or Solo a Bus Each bus has a Mute button and a Solo b...

Page 378: ...bout meters What the meters measure How to show or hide different kinds of meters How to choose display options for each kind of meter Note Metering uses significant amounts of your computer s processing power especially RMS metering If you need to free up resources turning off metering where you don t absolutely need it helps Using peak metering on tracks and peak plus RMS metering on the main ou...

Page 379: ... Show Record Meter option to show or hide the record meter for that track To Show or Hide All Playback Meters In the Console view click the dropdown menu to the right of the Show Meters button and select Track Playback Meters from the menu that appears In the Track view click the arrow to the right of the Show Hide Meters button and select Playback Meters from the menu that appears To Show or Hide...

Page 380: ...splay in the Track and Console views The display of meters in each of the two views is independent of the display in the other view In the Track view you can access all meter options from the Show Hide All Meters button In the Console view you can access all meter options from the Meter Options button You also have the option of using segmented or non segmented meters in the Track and Console view...

Page 381: ... Post Fader This option is for playback and bus meters only Choose Pre Fader or Post Fader to measure the playback level either before or after the track s or bus volume fader Pre Fader Post FX This option is for the buses only Choose Pre Fader Post FX to measure the bus volume before the fader but after any real time effects 12 dB 90 dB Choosing one of these numbers sets the scale of the meter to...

Page 382: ... Rise 0 msec Peak Fall 1000 msec Peak Markers Buses and audio tracks have a feature called Peak Markers A Peak Marker in each audio track or bus moves along in the Clips pane just behind the Now Time cursor displaying the highest peak found during playback You can hide or show Peak Markers on a global basis by clicking the Meter Options dropdown arrow in the Track view toolbar and clicking Show Tr...

Page 383: ... time as a waveform The waveform turns red wherever clipping is occurring Waveform preview allows you to visualize a mix and verify levels over the duration of a project easily detecting peaks and other level problems that may require attention You can choose to display Peak Markers if you want to see Peak Markers on page 382 for more information If you change the volume of the audio signal and re...

Page 384: ...he original audio to the way it was before the last freeze or quick freeze command and enables the FX bin Bounced audio is retained however and toggling between Quick Freeze and Quick Unfreeze should be instantaneous Quick Freeze Track only available after a Quick Unfreeze the Quick Freeze function redisplays and unmutes the bounced audio instantaneously and disables the FX bin The following are t...

Page 385: ...o clip or clips applies any effects and disables the FX bin To Unfreeze a Track 1 Right click on a track 2 Select Unfreeze Track from the menu that appears SONAR discards the bounced audio restores the original audio and enables the FX bin Audio will be re bounced if Freeze is chosen again To Do a Quick Unfreeze of a Track 1 Right click on a frozen track 2 Select Quick Unfreeze Track from the menu...

Page 386: ...h track To Set Freeze Options 1 Right click an audio or synth track and choose Freeze Options from the menu that appears Or 1 In the Synth Rack view click the Freeze Unfreeze button and choose Freeze Options from the menu that appears 2 Choose options in the Freeze Options dialog For help choosing options click the Help button in the dialog Using Real Time Effects In the Console view and Track vie...

Page 387: ... or use the Edit Bounce to Track s command to prepare the tracks beforehand For information about exporting audio see Preparing Audio for Distribution on page 413 All plug in effects and soft synths have a Preset window you can use to save and recall your favorite settings for those plug ins Effects Parameters Each effect in an effects patch point has its own independent set of parameter values Fo...

Page 388: ...audio track synth track or bus Right click in the FX bin of the track or bus you want to add the effect to and select an effect from the popup menu Change the order in which effects are used Drag an effect up or down in the FX bin Edit an effect s parameters Double click on the effect to open the effect s dialog box Move an effect to a different bin Drag the effect to another effects bin Copy an e...

Page 389: ...sk that appears next to the name of the preset The asterisk tells you that you changed and saved this particular preset in another project and the settings in the current project are different from the saved version If you re save the preset in the current project with the current settings the asterisk To do this Do this Save the current settings as a preset Enter a preset name and click the Save ...

Page 390: ...lip envelopes The Edit Bounce to Clip s command follows clip boundaries effects tails are cut off unless you slip edit the end of the clip to leave space Freezing a track or synth will also freeze the per clip FX bins To Insert an Effect on a Clip or Clips 1 If you want to insert an effect onto multiple clips select the clips 2 Right clip a clip that you want to insert an effect onto The Clips pan...

Page 391: ...ata is muted and left unchanged The following procedures explain how to manage V Vocal clips For information about using V Vocal see Using V Vocal on page 392 To Create a V Vocal Clip 1 Select the audio data you want to use 2 Use the Edit Create V Vocal Region command or right click the clip and choose Roland V Vocal Create V Vocal Clip from the Clips pane popup menu SONAR copies the selected audi...

Page 392: ...lip with the V Vocal icon not the original audio clip and use the Edit Delete command or press Delete on your keyboard Note V Vocal commands can also be accessed by clicking the V icon in the V Vocal clip Using V Vocal V Vocal is a vocal processor that does pitch correction on notes and phrases corrects timing edits formants and dynamics and can add vibrato The following topics describe using the ...

Page 393: ... to zero Sense this is a sensitivity control for pitch correction for unstable pitch areas such as portamento Pitch correction gets stronger if you increase the value Cent indicator this indicator shows the pitch correction amount by cents in realtime 100 cents Timeline this gives a graphical display of the playback time in beats Select pitch correction key set the target notes for the pitch corre...

Page 394: ... edit mode section is enabled Here s a description of the interface in pitch editing mode The yellow line is the edited Pitch curve and this line is the actual sounding pitch The red line is the original Pitch curve and this line cannot be edited The green dot is a Node Nodes are automatically assigned to the start and end of the edited region You can select the specific region between the nodes i...

Page 395: ...ters to a value of 100 you will get a robot voice type sound Current default values are Note 100 Vibrato 50 Sense 100 This setup is a bit too artifical If you want to make the sound more natural we suggest the following setup Note 70 100 be careful of intonation Vibrato 0 20 try 0 if you d like to keep the original Sense 20 30 please adjust to fit the data The above suggestion is just one example ...

Page 396: ...abled light blue 3 Click a Maj or Min button to select a major or minor scale respectively 4 Click a note on the Keyboard button to select the root note of the scale The notes of the scale you selected turn light blue on the Keyboard button 5 Click the Correct button The selected area conforms to the light blue notes on the keyboard To Restore Original Pitch Use the Eraser tool to drag over a regi...

Page 397: ...en lines between the existing ones 4 Drag the new lines to the left or right to compress or expand each region Tips Hold down the Ctrl key while you move lines to move all the following lines by an equal amount To erase lines drag a region with the eraser Timing reverts to its original condition in the areas where you erase lines Editing Formants A rough definition of formants is that they are vow...

Page 398: ...y a yellow line and you must have the Dynamics button enabled in the edit mode section Context Menu If you right click the graph the V Vocal context menu appears The menu has the following commands Undo use this command to undo your last editing action You can use this command repeatedly to undo a series of editing actions starting with the latest Redo use this command to redo an editing action th...

Page 399: ...tool E Hand tool H Zoom tool Z Undo zoom U Redo zoom Shift U Zoom vertically Ctrl Up Down arrow keys Zoom horizontally Ctrl Left Right arrow keys Fit entire region into display Shift F Fit content vertically F Pitch edit mode 1 Time edit mode 2 Formant edit mode 3 Dynamics edit mode 4 Cycle through all modes Shift Left Right arrow keys Play Stop Spacebar Rewind W Bypass B AutoScroll A Loop on off ...

Page 400: ...ct All Ctrl A Select None Ctrl Shift A Return selection to default settings Delete Solo track Show hide waveform in Pitch edit mode Shift W Go to Center cursor G Scroll up down Up Down arrow keys PageUp PageDown Scroll left right Left Right arrow keys ...

Page 401: ...e s a graphic of the EQ and its controls Here s how to use it To Hide the EQ in all Audio Tracks In the Console view click the EQ button so that it s not lit To Show One Band s Controls In the Console view click the EQ button so that it s yellow To Show All Four Bands Controls In the Console view click the EQ button so that it s blue Show hide Plot button Show hide Bands Enable EQ Frequency Gain a...

Page 402: ... one or more tracks When you are pleased with the audio effects you have patched into a track you can apply the effects to the track Applying effects to a track saves resources allowing you to include additional tracks and or effects To Apply Multiple Audio Effects Offline 1 Add one or more audio effects to one or more tracks in either the Track view or the Console view 2 In the Track view select ...

Page 403: ...the Add button to navigate to the folder s you want to scan and click OK to close the Browse for Folder dialog 3 If you don t want to scan any of the listed folders select them and click the Remove button 4 Select the folder s that you want to scan and click Next The Wizard scans the selected folder s and lists the VST plug ins that it finds on the Plug in Configuration page 5 If you want to edit ...

Page 404: ... the volume of one track the volume of the other track changes in exactly the same way Four mute buttons can be grouped so that when you click on the mute button to mute track 1 tracks 1 and 2 are muted and tracks 3 and 4 are un muted The Console view and Track view identify controls knobs and faders that are grouped using a colored group indicator that is displayed on the controls in each group T...

Page 405: ...unt in the same direction The controls do not necessarily need to start at the same level Here are two examples Example 1 Example 2 The first control is lowered to minimum The controls are grouped in this position The first control s raised to maximum The controls are grouped in this position The first control is raised to maximum The fourth control is lowered to minimum ...

Page 406: ... different range of motion Custom groups let you set the range of motion for each control in the group by entering a starting and ending value As any one control in the group is moved from its starting position to its ending position the other controls in the group exercise their full range of motion When you have defined a custom group you can adjust the starting and ending position of each contr...

Page 407: ... in the group and choose Group Manager to display the Group Manager dialog 2 Choose Absolute or Relative as the group type and click OK SONAR uses the type to determine the range of motion for the group s controls To Create a Custom Group 1 Right click on any control in the group and choose Group Manager to display the Group Manager dialog 2 Choose Custom as the group type The starting and ending ...

Page 408: ... when you adjust them For example if you made a Quick Group of an audio track and a MIDI track and then dragged the volume fader in the MIDI track the volume fader in the audio track would move in similar fashion If you dragged the Velocity Trim fader in the MIDI track the Volume Trim fader in the audio track would move also Note not all controls can be Quick Grouped or Grouped Controls such as In...

Page 409: ...een them Ctrl click any strip selector that you want to de select Double click a strip selector to select all tracks or buses To Remove all Controls from a Quick Group Click a strip selector that is in or out of the group Or Right click a control in the group and choose Clear Group from the popup menu To Make a Quick Group a Permanent Group 1 In a pre exisiting Quick Group right click the kind of ...

Page 410: ...rol for a Knob Button or Fader 1 Right click on the control and choose Remote Control from the popup menu 2 Choose the remote control type as described in the table above 3 Set the note or controller number if applicable Message option Message effect on buttons Message effect on sliders and knobs None No remote control No remote control Note On The button state is toggled The slider knob is altern...

Page 411: ...effects for each track If you re bouncing tracks that are routed to a surround bus SONAR Producer only you can bounce them to as many mono tracks as you have surround channels by choosing the Split Mono option in the Channel Format field of the Bounce to Tracks dialog and also choosing a surround bus in the Source Category field After their creation the submix tracks are just like any other tracks...

Page 412: ... the Channel Format field Buses choosing this option creates new separate tracks for each bus you highlight in the Source Buses Tracks field Each bus you highlight will produce a new mono track stereo track or two to eight new mono tracks the Split Mono option depending on whether the bus is a stereo or surround bus and depending on what you choose in the Channel Format field Main Outputs choosing...

Page 413: ...able CD media you have If your projects are audio only you can simply mix down to a stereo wave file If your projects contain MIDI you must first convert the MIDI tracks to audio tracks Once you have all the stereo wave files you want to include on your CD you are ready to burn a CD Most CD burners come with CD burning software if yours did not you will need to buy CD burning software like Cakewal...

Page 414: ...s that you select in the Source Buses Tracks field Main Outputs Choosing this option creates a separate file for each main output that you select in the Source Buses Tracks field Entire Mix Choosing this option creates one file for your entire mix unless you re exporting a surround mix with Split Mono selected in the Channel Format field 9 In the Source Buses Tracks field choose the buses or track...

Page 415: ...tion is stored in the file s Description A brief description of the contents of the Broadcast wave Limited to 256 characters Originator The author of the Broadcast wave This information is taken from the Author field in the File Info dialog Originator Reference A unique reference identifier created by SONAR Origination Date The date the file was created Origination Time The time the file was creat...

Page 416: ...finition but you get some of it back if the Dithering option is on in the Audio Options dialog box see Dithering on page 419 for more information 13 In the Mix Enables field choose the elements you want to include in the mixdown If you want to exclude muted tracks and or include only soloed tracks make sure Track Mute Solo is checked Note If you have patched a synth into a track or bus make sure y...

Page 417: ... exported tracks and clips are mixed down to a stereo file or files Mono All exported tracks and clips are mixed down to a mono file or files Split Mono All exported tracks and clips are mixed down to separate mono files 11 Choose the sample rate that you want your exported file to be 12 In the Bit Depth field select 16 If your source file is 24 and you export to 16 you lose some sound definition ...

Page 418: ...t your engineer wants If exporting a 24 bit project to a Pro Tools system enable Split Stereo Tracks Into Dual Mono as some Pro Tools systems do not support 24 bit interleaved stereo files 5 Include Archived Tracks you can choose to include archived tracks in your exported file 6 Mix Each Groove Clip As A Separate Clip if you have several Groove Clips in a track SONAR exports them as one clip unle...

Page 419: ... of dithering Rectangular basically white noise and the least CPU intensive this type of dither is more audible than the Pow r dither types but works well with loud projects or ones that use distortion Pow r 1 adds a fairly consistent amount of noise below 10k then quickly increases Good for compressed music with few quiet sections Pow r 2 adds a little less noise than Pow r 1 until around 9k then...

Page 420: ...420 English ...

Page 421: ... driver bit depth for the target medium that your surround project will be used in That way you can work in the correct format from the start without having to convert later You can set these parameters in the Audio Options dialog Options Audio command To get a complete understanding of SONAR s surround functions start with the Surround Basics on page 422 In This Chapter Surround Basics 422 Config...

Page 422: ...main speakers or to a subwoofer that can be positioned almost anywhere The center channel is typically used to lock dialog or sounds to a video screen The LFE channel is generally routed to a subwoofer to enhance low audio frequencies for effects such as explosions or crashes Audio in this channel is limited to a range of approximately 25 Hz to 120 Hz Configuring SONAR for Surround Mixing This sec...

Page 423: ...CR LRC LFE LRS LFS LFE Matrix UHJ QUAD 4 1 SMPTE ITU Quad LFE PanAmbio 4 1 LCRS Surround SMPTE ITU Surround Media LCRS LFE 5 1 Standard 3 2 5 1 Film Alternative 5 1 Music Alternative 5 1 SMPTE ITU 6 0 Hexagon 6 0 Film Alternative Sr Side right directly to the right of the listener Rs Right Surround Cs Surround rear center Ls Left Surround Sl Side Left directly to the left of the listener L Left st...

Page 424: ...ou can also choose parameters for bass management and for downmixing which means converting a surround mix into a stereo mix The group of sound card outputs that you choose on the Surround tab of the Project Options dialog make up the Surround Main The Surround Main becomes a choice on the Outputs menus of tracks and buses as soon as you insert a surround bus into your project You won t see a Surr...

Page 425: ...to make sure your speakers are correctly hooked up to the corresponding outputs before you attempt any playback See the diagram in the Project Options dialog for the speaker setup If you are not sure what the abbreviations for the speaker names are see Surround Basics on page 422 Surround Buses You have to have at least one surround bus in your project to use surround sound A surround bus differs ...

Page 426: ...will sound good in stereo However you can export your project in stereo and SONAR uses your downmix settings to create your exported file Signal Flow Result Track to stereo bus No change Mono track to surround bus Mono signal is routed to both Left and Right channels of surround format You can change the routing to other surround channels by using the surround panner on the track Stereo track to s...

Page 427: ...rt your stereo mix use the File Export Audio command This command obeys your downmix settings Downmixing Setting Options Center Downmix Level dB These options determine how much of the center is mixed to the left and right 3 dB Maintains the same level of center channel sound when you listen in a typically reverberant room 4 5 dB A compromise level between 3dB and 6 dB 6 dB Maintains the same leve...

Page 428: ... 429 which has additional controls and appears when you right click a surround panner and choose Open Surround Panner from the popup menu or double click outside the surround panner circle or press Enter when the panner has focus The small and large panners are always synchronized the large panner simply provides increased resolution when you adjust the surround pan position Note 1 Surround pannin...

Page 429: ... a small sphere that you can drag in any direction to both control and display the following two parameters Angle this is the perceived angle of the sound source as it differs from the position directly in front of the listener The scale is 0 to 180 degrees on the listener s right and 0 to 180 degrees on the listener s left 0 means the sound is coming from directly in front of the listener and plu...

Page 430: ...coming from on a scale of 0 to 360 degrees At 0 and 360 degrees the sound seems to all come from a single speaker At 180 degrees the sound seems to come from directly opposite sides The default angle matches the project s left and right channel angle For example in 5 1 SMPTE ITU surround the default width is 60 degrees Front Rear Balance slider large panner only abbreviated as FrntRrBl this slider...

Page 431: ... any surround panner control will reset the control to its default value which for the LFE control is INF To Solo or Unsolo the LFE Channel In the large surround panner click the LFE Solo button To Isolate a Signal in One Speaker In the large surround panner drag the Width slider to 0 the Focus slider to 100 and then drag the Angle slider until the sphere icon is directly in front of the correct s...

Page 432: ...edback 2 joystick can add a tactile element to mixing sessions and add button control to some SONAR transport and or menu commands with the extra buttons on the joystick module Alt Shift drag Constrains to angle at 100 focus Ctrl Shift drag Constrains to focus only Shift click Sets panner point to the point that you click large and medium panners only Shift drag controls Angle Width etc Fine resol...

Page 433: ... in the Buttons field and then select Engage Pan Mode in the Button Actions field 6 Now select Button 2 and select Engage Pan Nav Mode in the Button Actions field 7 Select any other buttons your joystick has one at a time and connect them to any transport or menu commands you want in the Button Actions field close the Joystick Panner dialog Now when you hold down button 1 the trigger button the jo...

Page 434: ...ring playback like in that earthquake sound effect in your recording Consider also that this 10 dB of low bass can be added to any low bass that came out of the other 5 channels from redirection so you realistically can deliver a sound from the subwoofer that is more than 20dB above the sound from any other speaker What this means during mixing is that you would have to turn the analog gain to you...

Page 435: ...ow to Patch and Configure Surround Effects on page 435 Effect Property Pages A single property page controls all instances of an effect that is patched into a surround bus The effect s property page displays a different tab for each instance of the effect By default when you change an automatable parameter on one tab of the property page that change is duplicated on all the tabs of the property pa...

Page 436: ...eck To view a list of the automatable parameters in a particular effect uncheck one of the Controls Linked to Group checkboxes on the SurroundBridge tab and read the list in the Unlinked Controls field To Relink Individual Effect Parameters to Other Effect Instances 1 In the Unlinked Controls field on the SurroundBridge tab select the parameters you want to relink if the parameters you want to sel...

Page 437: ...he following types of multi channel files Multi channel PCM wave files WAV Dolby AC3 encoded files AC3 these are encoded for Dolby surround You will need to install an AC3 decoder filter such as this one http ac3filter sourceforge net in order to be able to decode these files in SONAR Important After installing the above AC3 codec go to Control Panel and launch the AC3 Filter control panel applet ...

Page 438: ... channel Windows Media file choose Windows Media Advanced Streaming Format 4 In the Source Category field choose Buses Main Outputs or Entire Mix 5 Choose the bus or buses in the Source Buses Tracks field that you want to export your mix from 6 Choose Multichannel in the Channel Format field 7 Choose any other options you want such as Sample Rate and Bit Depth 8 If you want to save the settings yo...

Page 439: ...w freehand and geometric automation curves with the Envelope Draw tool All automatable controls are in the Console view and the Track view including the Clips pane however you can also graphically automate MIDI controllers from the Piano Roll view in addition to the Console and Track views You can enable or disable all automation by clicking the Enable Automation Playback button in the Automation ...

Page 440: ...everb pitch wheel channel aftertouch RPN and NRPN Draw envelopes in the Clips pane record the fader movements or take a snapshot Buses Input gain and pan output gain and pan Draw envelopes in the Clips pane record the fader movements or take a snapshot Individual effects Varies with the effect Draw envelopes in the Clips pane record the fader movements or take a snapshot Soft Synth controls Varies...

Page 441: ...xcept the Solo Arm Phase Interleave Vol Trim Bus Enable Pre Post buttons bank patch channel key time input and output Drawing envelopes in the Clips pane for audio and or MIDI data an envelope is a graph of the change in level of a particular parameter over time Recording automation data from an external controller Snapshots Recording Individual Fader or Knob Movements This method works in both th...

Page 442: ...and Edit Audio Envelopes with the Select or Envelope Tools 1 Right click in the Clips pane in the track or bus you want to automate The Clips pane popup menu appears 2 From the menu choose Envelopes Create Track Envelope name of the control you want to automate Notice the envelope s color at the right side of the menu The envelope appears in the Clips pane as a straight dotted line in the envelope...

Page 443: ...toward the end of the curve Slow Curve This choice draws a curve between the two nodes that changes value slowly at first but more rapidly toward the end of the curve SONAR adds a shape between the nodes You can drag any shape except a jump up or down and it maintains its curve or angle To edit a jump drag the node that s at either end of the jump Play the project and listen to the results You can...

Page 444: ...tomate The Clips pane popup menu appears 2 If you want to create an envelope to control volume pan chorus reverb or automated mute choose Envelopes Create Track Envelope and choose one of those items from the menu The envelope appears in the Clips pane as a straight dotted line in the envelope s individual color with a node very small circle at the beginning When you move the cursor over the envel...

Page 445: ...d of the curve Slow Curve This choice draws a curve between the two nodes that changes value slowly at first but more rapidly toward the end of the curve SONAR adds a shape between the nodes You can drag any shape except a jump up or down and it maintains its curve or angle To edit a jump drag the node that s at either end of the jump Play your track and listen to the results You can undo any step...

Page 446: ...envelope The place where you click also sets the vertical midpoint of the shape you re creating 6 Drag up or down to set the vertical range of the envelope and then drag to the right or left to set the length of your edit As you drag the cursor s vertical distance from the midpoint the point where you originally clicked determines the amplitude of the graph To create a series of identical shapes h...

Page 447: ...lope using the Select tool the Envelope tool and the Envelope Draw tool Showing or Hiding Envelopes You can choose to show or hide any or all envelopes in a track or bus To Show or Hide All Envelopes 1 In the Track view toolbar click the drop down arrow that s next to the Envelope tool to display the Envelope Options menu 2 Choose either Show All Envelopes or Hide All Envelopes To Show All of One ...

Page 448: ... If you paste a clip envelope into a track without the clip that it came from the clip envelope becomes a track envelope To Copy an Envelope 1 In the Track view or the Clips pane select the track or clip that has the envelope you want to copy If you want to copy all the automation data in the track select the whole track If you want to select only a clip but want to select any track envelopes in t...

Page 449: ...under it right click the node and choose Reset Node from the popup menu The node jumps to the neutral value for the parameter it controls Envelope Mode and Offset Mode There are two modes which control how your volume faders pan faders bus send faders and bus send pan faders behave during playback The two modes are Envelope mode and Offset mode Envelope mode In envelope mode volume and pan faders ...

Page 450: ...current Vol setting For example if the Vol setting is 3 dB a newly created volume envelope appears above the middle of the clip Control Envelope Mode Range Offset Mode Range Volume Infinity to 6dB default is 0dB Infinity to 6dB default is 0dB Pan 100 L to 100 R default is C 100 L to 100 R default is C Bus Send Level Infinity to 6dB default is 0 dB Infinity to 6dB default is 0dB Bus Send Pan 100 L ...

Page 451: ...d click OK SONAR converts the Piano Roll view controller envelope you selected to a Track view shape that controls the same parameter Note If two clips overlap the Edit Convert MIDI To Shapes command converts the controller envelopes in both clips in whatever parts of the clips lie in the selected time range Snapshots A snapshot is a group of settings that SONAR s controls snap to when your projec...

Page 452: ...e segment up or down and maintain the envelope s shape Automating Effects SONAR allows you to automate plug ins giving you real time control over dozens of effects parameters Note When using automatable effects the CPU meter may fluctuate rapidly within a few percentage points This is normal behavior Automating Individual Effects Parameters You can automate the parameters of some of SONAR s effect...

Page 453: ...a color for the envelope by clicking the Choose Color button that s in the lower right corner of the dialog box Note You can change a plug in envelope s color whenever you want by highlighting its name in the effect s envelope dialog box and clicking the Choose Color button 5 Click OK All the envelopes that you checked appear in the track or bus you were working in You can edit them just like any ...

Page 454: ...or control for automation that you just configured for remote control 5 Click the Record Automation button and move the slider or wheel that you selected on your external controller 6 When you finish recording the automation click the Stop button in the Transport toolbar Listen to your project and either re record the automation or disarm each armed control by clicking the Disarm All Automation Co...

Page 455: ...curve Add Node Envelope Editing menu only This choice adds a node which is a point on the line that you can drag to the place on the envelope where you right clicked Add Nodes at Selection This command creates 2 pairs of envelope nodes one at the beginning of the current selection and one at the end Each pair of nodes is only 2 mSec apart You can easily adjust the selected part of the envelope by ...

Page 456: ...lly or not the manual mute status When the command is enabled the Mute button displays an armed fader next to the M Besides the Track Show Automated Mute command you can also right click a Mute button and choose Switch to Automated Mute from the popup menu To Draw a Mute Envelope 1 In the Clips pane right click in the track you want to mute and choose Envelopes Create Track Envelope Automated Mute...

Page 457: ...ar project files You might create a template file that defines a particular musical ensemble say a string quartet or a particular studio configuration MIDI instruments audio outputs and so on Templates make it fast and easy to create and configure new projects Note that toolbars are not part of a file layout or template The toolbar arrangement you choose is stored automatically from session to ses...

Page 458: ...current layout in a separate list the global layout list Once you have saved the layout in this list you can apply it to any open project The global layout list can contain as many layouts as you want Layouts in the list can be updated renamed and deleted Layouts are stored in a folder on your hard disk To change the default folder for layouts choose Options Global click the Folders tab and type t...

Page 459: ...to exit the Window Layouts dialog box To Load a Layout 1 Choose View Layouts to display the Window Layouts dialog box 2 Choose the layout you want from the list 3 Click Load Views of the current project are arranged according to the layout settings To Delete a Layout 1 Choose View Layouts to display the Window Layouts dialog box 2 Choose the layout you want to delete from the list 3 Click Delete 4...

Page 460: ...er the layout command with 5 In the Function field scroll down towards the end of the list and under Global Layouts click the name of the layout you want to assign to the key you selected 6 When both the Key and the Function are highlighted in their respective fields click the Bind button to bind them together 7 Click OK Now you can load the layout you selected by pressing the MIDI keys or compute...

Page 461: ...lder To change the template directory choose Options Global and click the Folders tab Every time you start SONAR a new empty project is displayed If you want you can determine the settings for this default project by creating and saving a special template file called NORMAL CWT If you create or update the NORMAL CWT file SONAR will display this template automatically when the program is started As...

Page 462: ... displays it in the Track view Template Example Three MIDI Instruments Suppose that your system has only a single MIDI output but you own three different synthesizers One synthesizer set to receive on channels 1 through 8 A general MIDI synthesizer module set to receive data on all 16 channels A drum machine set to receive on MIDI channel 10 Here s how you can use a template to make it easy to cre...

Page 463: ... from SONAR see Exporting Key Bindings on page 465 Use of any single key as a key binding number keys on the number pad are separate keys from the other number keys Changing the key bindings for commands that were previously hardwired including hotkey commands in the various views Note The Spacebar is now globally bound to the Play stop button so that when you have a plug in window open you can st...

Page 464: ... Num n If a key or combination is already bound to a global command by default the name of the key appears in bold text and the command it is bound to appears at the bottom of the Key Bindings dialog under Global Key Assignment Binding a key or combination to a command and clicking OK overwrites any default binding for that key or combination 5 In the Bind Context menu select the context in which ...

Page 465: ...an use key bindings from other sequencer applications Clicking the Import button in the Key Bindings dialog allows you to choose a new set of key bindings After you import new key bindings you can edit and save them the way you do with the default key bindings To Import Key Bindings 1 Choose Options Key Bindings to display the Key Bindings dialog 2 Click the Import button to open the Import Key Bi...

Page 466: ...466 ...

Page 467: ... guitar chord grids expression marks hairpin symbols pedal marks and lyrics And you can print professional quality notation of a complete arrangement or individual parts with up to 24 staves per page The Meter Key view lets you view insert and edit meter and key changes at any measure boundary in the project The Lyrics view lets you edit a track s lyrics and can be used to cue you with the lyrics ...

Page 468: ...you to compose edit and print music For guitar players who are new to musical notation the Fretboard represents the notes in the Staff pane as they would appear on a six string guitar neck in standard tuning The number of strings and the tuning are configurable All notes that appear in the Staff pane at the Now time are shown in the Fretboard If you enter notes in the Staff at the Now time they ap...

Page 469: ...automatically picks a clef for each track bass or treble by looking at the range of pitches in the track If a track has notes that fall into both clefs or no notes at all SONAR automatically splits the track into two staves treble and bass You can change the assignment of clefs with the Staff View Layout dialog box When you split a track into treble and bass staves you must select a split point No...

Page 470: ...formation Slide Opens the Slide dialog box Interpolate Opens the Event Filter Search dialog box See Process Interpolate on page 286 for more information Length Opens the Length dialog box See Stretching and Shrinking Events on page 265 for more information Scale Velocity Opens the Scale Velocity dialog box See Adding Crescendos and Decrescendos on page 267 for more information Retrograde Reverses ...

Page 471: ...hen you right click the Fretboard in the Staff view the Fretboard popup menu appears giving you choices for note editing Staff view layout and Fretboard appearance Menu command Result Select Changes your cursor to the Select tool Draw Changes your cursor to the Draw tool Erase Changes your cursor to the Erase tool Scrub Changes your cursor to the Scrub tool Layout Opens the Staff View Layout dialo...

Page 472: ...on in a measure in order to get two tied quarter notes you must set the snap resolution to a quarter note SONAR will automatically convert the half note to two tied quarter notes The same method can be used to insert a syncopated note such as a quarter note at an eighth note position You may also wish to disable the Fill Durations and Trim Durations options before you enter notes on the staff This...

Page 473: ... a note duration and a modifier dot or triplet if desired 4 Click on the guitar strings in the fretboard to enter notes You can enter up to six simultaneous notes one per string 5 Advance the Now Time by the current note duration using the right arrow key while holding down the shift key This allows you to quickly enter a series of notes Selecting Notes Use the Selection tool to make selections Se...

Page 474: ...Transposing on page 261 To Move a Single Note in the Staff View 1 Click the Select tool or the Draw tool 2 Click the note to be moved 3 Drag the note to a new time pitch or staff SONAR moves the note to the new location To Move Several Notes in the Staff View 1 Click the Select tool 2 Select the notes to be moved 3 Click one of the selected notes 4 Drag the notes to a new time pitch or staff SONAR...

Page 475: ... of the notes you would like to change 4 While continuing to press Shift drag the notes along the strings SONAR moves the notes you selected to the new pitches Auditioning Sometimes it is useful to listen to your music slowly note by note rather than at full speed For exam ple you may need to locate a bad note or you may be trying to learn the correct fingering for a difficult passage The Staff vi...

Page 476: ... the note to open the Note Properties dialog box 2 Edit the note s properties as described in the table 3 Click OK To do this Do this Step forward Click or press Ctrl right arrow Step backward Click or press Ctrl left arrow Property Meaning Time The starting time of the note Pitch The note s pitch Velocity The note s velocity 0 to 127 Duration The note s duration in ticks or in beats and ticks Cha...

Page 477: ... The Deglitch dialog box appears 3 Check each of the filters you want to use 4 Enter the parameters maximum or minimum values you want for each of the filters you are using 5 Click OK If you are not happy with the result select Edit Undo from the menu to restore the original MIDI track Working with Triplets The Staff view places certain limitations on the use of triplets The limitations are Triple...

Page 478: ... of the music thus the Staff view is only an interpretation of a MIDI performance MIDI notes do not always correspond exactly to notes on a staff Whereas a staff defines precise grid like starting times and durations for notes a MIDI note can start at any arbitrary time during the project and last for any length of time If you record a performance from a MIDI keyboard for example you ll find that ...

Page 479: ...se options are more appropriate for looking at notes you recorded via a performance Using Enharmonic Spellings Any musical note can be referred to by several different names For example C 3 and Db3 identify the same pitch as do G 4 and Ab4 The most appropriate name depends upon the current key signature but can also depend on musical context SONAR uses a set of rules to automatically add accidenta...

Page 480: ... enharmonic spelling This means that they will automatically change to match the default for a new key signature If you specify spelling that matches the default choice SONAR will drop any forced spelling and switch back to default behavior Otherwise the forced spelling is remembered for that note and will not change to follow the key signature If you change the pitch of a note by some other means...

Page 481: ...s MONO mode Refer to your MIDI Guitar device documentation for more information 2 Select and Arm a track 3 If you want the data from all 6 strings to be recorded to a single track set the Input to OMNI If you want each string on a separate track you need to set up each individual track to record on the corresponding MIDI channel The GT 30 Guitar Synthesizer template is designed to do this so you m...

Page 482: ...rted into groups You can add and remove chords from the library create new groups i e for alternative guitar tunings and add chords from a different library file You edit chords in the Chord Properties dialog box Chord properties are shown in the following table The Chord Properties dialog box also lets you draw guitar chord grids and manage the chord library You can suppress the display of all gu...

Page 483: ...ew properties moving it to a new time if necessary To do this Do this Move a chord in time Change the Time property Give the chord a new name Select a chord from the dropdown list or type a new name Use for sharp and b for flat Add descriptive text to the chord name Type the text in square brackets after the chord name The text does not appear in the Staff view See a different set of chords Select...

Page 484: ...on the string Assign a muted string Select X then click on the string Change the finger assigned to a dot Click the dot repeatedly to cycle through the fingers Insert a fret designation Click to the right of the grid and enter the number of the index finger fret in the Chord Fret Number dialog box Play the chord Audition Click Play Remove the chord grid Click Remove Grid To do this Do this Add a c...

Page 485: ...d only below the treble staff When entering an expression mark you can leave a dangling hyphen at the end of an expression mark to insert automatic spaced hyphens until the next expression mark For example cresc ff It is often desirable to terminate such a series of hyphens with a blank expression mark For example accel Expression text is italicized in the Staff view Standard dynamic markings also...

Page 486: ...pin Symbol 1 Right click on the hairpin symbol you want to edit The Hairpin Properties dialog appears 2 Change any of the following parameters Time The beginning time of the hairpin symbol Crescendo or Diminuendo Duration Enter the number of beats followed by a colon for example 4 for one measure in 4 4 time or a PPQ number value Adding Pedal Marks Pedal marks traditionally indicate where the sust...

Page 487: ... pair of pedal symbols a pedal down and a pedal up You can click and drag either symbol to a new time To Edit a Pedal Event 1 Right click the pedal symbol pedal down or pedal up to open the Pedal Event Parameters dialog box 2 Edit the pedal event parameters as described in the table above 3 Click OK SONAR changes the pedal event parameters including moving the symbol to a new time if necessary Par...

Page 488: ...Finger span parameter determines how many consecutive frets will be used to display the note For example if Finger span is set to 4 then SONAR will attempt to place all the notes within those 4 frets The Lowest Fret then determines where on the fretboard the notes will be displayed within the Finger span The red box in the fretboard display changes to reflect the settings in these two parameters M...

Page 489: ...rs displaying a fretboard and the notation of your MIDI track To see everything you may need to resize the Staff view by dragging the top border upward a few inches 4 From the Staff view toolbar click the dropdown arrow on the Staff View Layout button to display the tablature dropdown list 5 Choose Quick TAB from the dropdown list A tablature grid appears displaying the fret numbers for all the no...

Page 490: ...nd choose Quick TAB from the tablature dropdown menu 2 Press Ctrl Home to move the Now Time to the start of the project You may want to display the Now Time by choosing View Big Time 3 Choose the desired note duration keyboard shortcut press 1 for whole note 2 for half 3 for a 32nd note 4 for quarter 6 for a 16th note 8 for an 8th note 4 Click the Draw tool 5 Enter a note by clicking a line in the...

Page 491: ...ONAR saves the track with the file extension TXT Editing Notes and Chords from the Fretboard You can transpose single notes or chords from the Fretboard To Transpose Single Notes 1 Move the Now Time to the note you want to edit by pressing Shift Right Left Arrow You may need to change the note duration by clicking one of the note icons in the Staff view toolbar 2 Use the Select tool to drag the no...

Page 492: ...sually displays notes for a drum set or multiple percussion instruments the line is used to display notes for a single instrument although it need not be so SONAR lets you control the appearance of percussion staffs in considerable detail You can display percussion notes using several different types of noteheads and articulation symbols and you can map any percussion sound to any position on the ...

Page 493: ...and notehead assignments If you want to use your own notation or if you want to set up the appearance of a percussion line you need to use the Percussion Notation Key dialog box In this dialog box the percussion sounds and staff positions that are bound have an asterisk near their names When you select a bound percussion sound a line joins the sound to its staff position Each percussion sound can ...

Page 494: ...a Score 1 Make sure the Staff view is the current window 2 Choose File Print Preview 3 If you want click Zoom or click in the music to zoom the view in and out 4 Click the Configure button to select a rastral size 5 When zoomed out you can press Page Up and Page Down to navigate between pages 6 Click Print SONAR displays the Windows Print dialog box from which you can set up your printer and print...

Page 495: ...it Internally SONAR stores times as raw ticks or clock pulses The timebase the number of pulses per quarter note PPQ is adjustable from 48 to 960 PPQ If you are using a timebase of 120 PPQ and the project file is in 4 4 time then a whole measure equals 480 ticks See Setting the MIDI Timing Resolution on page 152 for more information about the timebase Usually the easiest approach to working with m...

Page 496: ...ter Key View To open the Meter Key view click or choose View Meter Key The Meter Key view displays a list of meter key changes in the project There is always an entry for measure 1 because there must always be a meter and key signature for the project The default meter is 4 4 and the default key is C You can change these defaults by creating your own default template file For more information see ...

Page 497: ...and Ctrl click 3 Click Delete SONAR removes the meter key change from the project You cannot delete the first meter key change from measure 1 of a project To Move a Meter Key Change 1 Select the meter key change to be moved 2 Click Add 3 Edit the Measure parameter to the meter key change s new measure 4 Click OK 5 Select the original meter key change again 6 Click Delete SONAR removes the original...

Page 498: ... In the Track view force SONAR to play the trumpet track a whole step lower by entering 2 negative 2 in the Key field and pressing Enter Now the trumpet part in the Staff view appears in the key of D SONAR automatically adds two sharps to the trumpet track s key signature but the track sounds in the key of C because you entered 2 in the Key field you may need to close the Staff view and reopen it ...

Page 499: ...ally they contain only a single word or syllable of a word As events Lyrics can be edited in the Event List view see The Event List View on page 289 Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Staff View The Staff view displays lyrics below their associated track If the track is split into treble bass staves lyrics are aligned with notes in both staves but are displayed below the treble staff When a lyric wo...

Page 500: ...break a word into multiple syllables you must hyphenate the word For example de sire would map onto two notes since it is now two syllables long When you enter the lyrics you can mark the syllables the way you want or you can simply type the text in normally and use automatic hyphenation to break the text into syllables This means that you can add lyrics to a project by copying and pasting them fr...

Page 501: ...ment selection cut Ctrl X copy Ctrl C paste Ctrl V and delete Delete When you pause SONAR will update all lyric events in the track To Hyphenate the Lyrics 1 If you want select a portion of the lyric text If you do not select any text all the lyrics will be hyphenated 2 Click the Hyphenate button SONAR hyphenates the lyrics To do this Do this Enter a word or syllable Type it End a word or syllable...

Page 502: ...502 ...

Page 503: ...DI GM compatible which means that they come with the standard set of sounds or patches defined by the GM standard SONAR initially assumes that your MIDI instruments are GM compatible The names of patches and controllers that you initially see displayed throughout SONAR are drawn from the GM specification At the same time many MIDI instruments provide additional sounds and controllers beyond those ...

Page 504: ...nce you can assign a block of channels to one instrument and then change the assignment of one or more of those channels without changing the others For example you can highlight all 16 channels of the first MIDI output and assign them to the Roland GS instrument definition Then you can highlight channel 10 of that same MIDI output and assign it to the Roland GS Drumset instrument definition Chann...

Page 505: ...all SONAR a few common instrument definitions are already set up for you and ready to use SONAR also includes several hundred additional instrument definitions that you can import These instrument definitions are stored in text files in your SONAR folder organized largely by manufacturer For example all the instrument definitions for Roland gear are stored in the ROLAND INS file all the instrument...

Page 506: ...e instrument Which Bank Select method does the instrument use To collect this information you need the MIDI documentation for your instrument Here s a general outline of the steps you must follow to create an instrument definition Create a new instrument in the Instrument tree Create any new name lists in the Names tree that are required for the instrument Drag name lists and possibly a bank selec...

Page 507: ...ns organize all names patches notes controllers RPNs and NRPNs into lists You may be able to define a new instrument using existing name lists For example two models of synthesizers made by a particular manufacturer may have identical patch name lists but use different NRPNs In this case you can use the same patch name lists for both instruments but you would need to use a different NRPN list or p...

Page 508: ...the Define Instruments and Names dialog box and follow the directions in the following table To do this Do this Create a new name list Duplicate an existing Patch Names or other list by doing one of the following expand the folder that contains the name list highlight the name list and press the Ins Insert key highlight the folder and press Shift Insert or right click any folder or name list and c...

Page 509: ...ks of sounds To find the method used for your instrument check the instrument s User s Guide or the manufacturer s web site The four methods are as follows The bank select method you choose affects the bank numbers that you assign to each patch list as described in the following section Here s how you compute the bank numbers Method Used for Normal Instruments that respond to Controller 0 or Contr...

Page 510: ...umbers to which each patch name list is assigned Each bank can also be assigned a special Drum flag which indicates that all patches in that bank contain drum sounds If you set this flag the Piano Roll view will display drum notes as diamonds and the Staff view will use percussion notation To See the Assignment of Patch Name Lists to Banks 1 Expand the instrument definition by clicking the sign ne...

Page 511: ...hich indicates that this patch contains drum sounds If you set this flag the Piano Roll view will display drum notes as diamonds and the Staff view will use percussion notation There are several standard note name lists provided with SONAR To See the Assignment of Note Name Lists to Patches 1 Expand the instrument definition by clicking the sign next to the instrument name 2 Expand the Patch Names...

Page 512: ...NRPN Name Lists 1 Expand the instrument definition by clicking the sign next to the instrument name To Change the Controller RPN or NRPN Name List 1 In the Names tree expand the branch containing the Controller name lists RPN name lists or NRPN name lists 2 Drag the desired name list from the Names tree onto the corresponding branch of the Instrument tree SONAR displays the updated Controller RPN ...

Page 513: ...umbers 0 to 127 or General MIDI names like Trumpet Of course if you re only using General MIDI modules General MIDI patch names might be all you need You can also rename each MIDI output with the name of the MIDI module it s connected to For example it might be more meaningful to name a MIDI output Roland Sound Canvas instead of MOTU MIDI Express 5 That way you won t have to remember that you conn...

Page 514: ...file determines the list of instruments that appear in the Assign Instruments dialog box Now let s assign the XP 10 definition to some channels on a MIDI output To Assign the Roland XP 10 Bank and Patch Names to a MIDI Output 1 Choose Options Instruments to display the Assign Instruments dialog box 2 Let s assign all 16 MIDI channels on output 1 to use the XP 10 bank and patch names Drag through t...

Page 515: ...from the Patch Names tree in the right window to the Patch Names for Banks tree in the left window In the Bank Number dialog box enter 128 and click OK 6 Click the Close button to close the Define Instruments and Names dialog box and click OK to close the Assign Instruments and Names dialog box Examine the new bank and patch data in a track that uses 1 Roland XP 10 as an output In the Bnk field se...

Page 516: ... patch field with the name you made up for the patch you just gave a number to and press Enter 4 Assign names to as many patch numbers as you want the numbers between 0 and 127 that you don t assign any names to show up in the Track view Patch menu just as patch numbers with no other names 5 When you finish assigning names drag your edited patch list to the Roland XP 10 Patch Names for Banks tree ...

Page 517: ... amount of data it can hold is limited only by available memory The banks are saved in the SONAR project file Each bank can also be saved as a SYX file In This Chapter What Is System Exclusive 518 Using the System Exclusive View 518 Sending Sysx Banks at Startup 518 Importing Creating and Dumping Sysx Banks 519 Editing Sysx Banks 521 Sysx View Buttons 522 Transmitting Banks During Playback 523 Rea...

Page 518: ... to 255 bytes long You can view the message bytes in the Event List view Sysx Data events can be recorded in real time See Real time Recording of System Exclusive Messages on page 524 for more information Using the System Exclusive View The System Exclusive view has a list box for a maximum of 256 Sysx banks plus a toolbar of buttons Most of the buttons affect whatever bank you have selected in th...

Page 519: ... and Dumping Sysx Banks There are several ways to get a sysx bank into SONAR You can import load an external SYX file You can edit an empty bank to create a new bank from scratch You can dump a bank into SONAR from the synthesizer itself To Import a Sysx Bank into a Project 1 In the Sysx view select an empty bank to import the new bank into unless you want to add to or overwrite an existing bank 2...

Page 520: ... you want to record are not in the list select You start dump on instrument click OK and press whatever button on your synthesizer that starts a Sysx bank dump The You start dump on instrument option is not really a Dump Request Macro It tells SONAR that you will initiate a dump or multiple dumps from the front panel of the synthesizer 5 The DRM may prompt you for additional information which you ...

Page 521: ...in the Sysx window you may pick from a list of Dump Request Macros These are short System Exclusive messages sent to a synthesizer to make it dump send back System Exclusive data DRMs are defined in your CAKEWALK INI file in the Dump Request Macros section You may add your own DRMs or modify the ones that we have provided Use the Windows Notepad to edit the file Please note that many of the DRMs i...

Page 522: ...ysx messages to the device the normal one direction hookup is sufficient Clear Bank This deletes the selected bank The shortcut key is d Name You may enter a description for a bank by clicking this button Names are saved only in CWP and CWB files The shortcut key is n Auto The Auto option tells SONAR to transmit that bank every time it loads the project file You might use this option for banks tha...

Page 523: ... the Sysx view select the bank you want to export 2 Click the Save Bank button The Save As dialog appears 3 Navigate to the folder in which you want to store the file 4 Enter a file name and click OK SONAR saves the file in the location you specified with the extension SYX 5 Open the project to which you want to import the bank and select an empty bank in the Sysx view unless you want to add the f...

Page 524: ... Sysx data 4 Stop recording SONAR records your instrument s Sysx data as a Sysx Data event Open up the Event List view for the track you recorded on to view the data When you play back the MIDI track that the Sysx Data event is on make sure that the Output field of the track is set to the output that the MIDI instrument you want to send Sysx data to is on Sysx Echo You can configure SONAR to echo ...

Page 525: ... Make sure you have the right MIDI Input selected by using the Options MIDI Devices command Make sure that your instrument is set up to transmit System Exclusive data Sysx Bank Names Don t Show When I Open a File Sysx bank names are only saved in CWP and CWB files not in MID files SONAR Doesn t Include a DRM for My Instrument If there is no Dump Request Macro DRM for your instrument you should sel...

Page 526: ...equipment to digest the information it is receiving The line in TTSSEQ INI that reads SysxDelayAfterF7 n enables SONAR to introduce a delay between each Sysx message so that the instrument has some time to respond to the message Setting n to be 1 enables the delay The line SysxSendDelayMsecs n lets you control how many milliseconds the delay is where n is the number of milliseconds that the delay ...

Page 527: ... used together it s important that they operate in synchronization For this to happen all the equipment must rely on the same source of clock or timing information SONAR lets you use many different types of synchronization so that you can get your work done quickly and efficiently In This Chapter Synchronization Overview 528 Choosing Clock Sources When SONAR is the Master 529 MIDI Synchronization ...

Page 528: ... When you use some of these synchronization options some SONAR commands work differently This chapter describes each of the synchronization options how and why each is useful and the effect each option has on other features and commands The Sync toolbar lets you change back and forth quickly between the different clock settings You can also choose the sync mode as follows 1 Choose Options Project ...

Page 529: ...ge 548 You cannot use the tempo ratio controls when using the audio clock because the audio playback speed is determined by the audio clock When either of these clock sources is used you can also configure SONAR to drive other MIDI devices using MIDI Synchronization For more information see MIDI Synchronization on page 529 If you need to send MIDI Time Code MTC SONAR will send this data regardless...

Page 530: ...nc To Use MIDI Sync with SONAR as the Slave 1 Configure the external MIDI device you want to use as the master device to transmit MIDI Sync 2 Configure external slave devices to receive MIDI Sync 3 Choose Options MIDI Devices to display the MIDI Devices dialog box 4 Make sure that your MIDI interface is highlighted in the Inputs list and click OK 5 Click on the Sync toolbar to use the MIDI Sync cl...

Page 531: ...g an external drum machine to repeat a drum pattern or loop you might always want playback on the drum machine to start at the beginning of the loop When this option is chosen SONAR sends a Start message to all slave devices when playback is started even if you are in the middle of a project Normally SONAR would send a Continue message if playback starts from the middle of a project Transmit MIDI ...

Page 532: ... Sync Remember that only one external device can be used as the master clock source SMPTE MIDI Time Code Synchronization SMPTE MIDI Time Code Sync SMPTE MTC is another method of synchronization that lets SONAR act as a master or slave to external devices SONAR can send or receive SMPTE MTC messages to or from external devices that can generate or receive MTC SONAR can send MTC on multiple output p...

Page 533: ... format 29 97 frames per second non drop frame 29 97 FPS NDF NTSC non broadcast and short length video in North America and Japan Some music projects This setting synchronizes the video perfectly with SONAR but the sequencer position displayed in the Now Time and Big Time displays will gradually drift and become incorrect over long periods of time The audio and MIDI synchronization to the external...

Page 534: ... MIDI Devices dialog and the MTC ports you chose have higher numbers than what are currently highlighted in the MIDI Devices dialog SONAR does not substitute new port numbers Also SONAR does not send MTC if SONAR s Tempo Ratio buttons are set to any value other than 1 To Configure SONAR to Sync to SMPTE MTC 1 Click the SMPTE MTC mode button in the Sync toolbar 2 Select Options Global and click on ...

Page 535: ...gital sound cards such as the Frontier Design Wavecenter or the Antex Studio Card have external clock inputs If you are using one of these cards and an external clock source like a digital tape deck is the master timing source for the project choose the Trigger and Freewheel option The clock input on the audio card guarantees that there is no drift between the time code and audio playback To Set t...

Page 536: ... the best way to address this problem Start each new SONAR session by playing some audio under SMPTE MTC Sync Let the audio play for 30 seconds or until all audio pitch fluctuations stop Once this procedure is complete SONAR knows the difference in rates between the external time code and the audio clock on your sound card For the rest of the session SONAR will start playback closely in sync witho...

Page 537: ...e tape decks to punch out You must arm and disarm tracks on the tape deck you cannot do this from SONAR If you have established punch in out points using the Transport Record Options command SONAR will attempt to preprogram the punch in and punch out times However your equipment must recognize the MMC event command for this feature to work Consult the owner s manual or contact the equipment manufa...

Page 538: ... 3 Click the MIDI Out tab 4 Check the Transmit MMC box 5 Enter the ID of the master timing device in the Time Code Master s Unit ID box 6 Click OK MMC is now enabled To Disable MIDI Machine Control 1 Choose Options Project and click the MIDI Out tab 2 Make sure the Transmit MMC box is not checked and click OK MMC is disabled ...

Page 539: ...o contained in the project so care must be taken when backing up your digital audio projects This chapter covers file management including backing up your projects In This Chapter The Project Files Dialog 540 Project Files and Bundle Files 541 Audio Folders 542 Backing Up Projects with Digital Audio 544 Deleting Unused Audio Files 546 19 ...

Page 540: ...f you need to do a Save As to round up files not in your project s audio folder The filenames for each audio file your project is referencing The combined size the audio data in your project important if you are going to backup your project The bit depth of every audio file in your project including a display o the lowest and highest in the Min Max Bit Depth field The location status of each audio...

Page 541: ...ns and all audio data is stored in the Global Audio Folder 4 If you want to store the project in its own folder do the following in the Unpack Bundle dialog Enter a project filename in the Project Name field Use the browse button to the right of the Location field to select a destination folder for the project or to create a new folder enter a new folder pathname in the Location field Use the brow...

Page 542: ...ield or click the browse button that s at the right end of the Global Audio Folder field to browse to the new directory 3 Click OK when you are done 4 Use the Windows Explorer or some other program to move all audio files from the old Global Audio Folder to the new Global Audio Folder All new audio files will be stored in the new Global Audio Folder unless you decide to use per project audio It is...

Page 543: ...folder name C default directory project name Audio The default directory for new projects is assigned in the Folders tab of the Global Options dialog project name is the project s per project folder name and Audio is the subfolder where your audio data will be stored 3 If you want rename the Location and or Audio Path directories 4 Click OK To Save an Existing Project Using Per project Audio You m...

Page 544: ... the Copy Audio to Project Folder option in the Import Audio dialog 3 Click OK when you are done Imported files will be handled based on the settings you have chosen Backing Up Projects with Digital Audio There are several ways to back up your projects in SONAR You can use per project audio folders to keep all a project s audio in its own folder use the Consolidate Project Audio command to create ...

Page 545: ... a good idea to open the project once you have backed it up to confirm that all audio loads properly To Create a Backup Using the Consolidate Project Audio Command Use this procedure to backup a project that has multiple audio folders 1 Open the project you want to backup 2 Select Tools Consolidate Project Audio 3 A message box appears listing the destination folder for your audio backup 4 Click O...

Page 546: ...ct files that contain audio are immediately accessible on a hard disk 2 Choose Tools Clean Audio Folder to display the Clean Audio Folder dialog box 3 Click the Browse button to the right of the Audio Path field and navigate to the folder you want to search for unused audio files 4 If you want to search all subfolders of the folder you chose in the Audio Path field click the Recursive option 5 Cli...

Page 547: ... it is CPU intensive Added to this mix is the wide variety of audio hardware available today This chapter covers some common problems with recording and playback and how to configure your computer and audio hardware for optimum performance In This Chapter System Configuration 548 Sampling Rates 549 Bit Depths and Float Resolution 550 Improving Performance with Digital Audio 553 20 ...

Page 548: ...ort 48 kHz SONAR does not warn you when you do this Your project may crash or it may appear to record audio when your project is not actually recording All of your audio settings are listed in the Audio Options dialog box which you open with the Options Audio command The following list summarizes all the settings that the Wave Profiler sets You can override all of them except what audio drivers ar...

Page 549: ...ould choose the high end sound card as the record and playback timing master However using the buses in the Console or Track views you could create a headphone or monitor mix and route it through the built in sound card Sampling Rates SONAR supports all common sampling rates Only one sampling rate is allowed per project It s usually better not to change the sampling rate of a project because this ...

Page 550: ...ay projects that contain files of different bit depths you don t have to convert 16 bit files to 24 bits to play them with other 24 bit files saving significant storage space If you re playing 32 bit files or 24 bit files at 16 bits you can turn dithering on in the Audio Options dialog to compensate for the truncated data Note SONAR 4 does not play back projects that contain files with different b...

Page 551: ...nd you can also import files at their current bit depth If a file uses 32 bits importing it at 32 bits makes sense because you can choose to do your audio processing in SONAR at 32 bits to preserve the precision of any audio processing that was done to the files You don t have to choose 32 bits as an import option though because SONAR will import files at whatever their current bit depth is if you...

Page 552: ...rol Panel for Echo Audio usually the Echo Console for MOTU it s the 324 console etc Once the control panel is open change the setting for your sampling rate to 44 1 kHz 3 Next launch SONAR and use the Options Audio command to open the Audio Options dialog In the General section change the Audio Driver Bit Depth to 16 Change Default Settings for New Projects to 44100 Hz for the Sampling Rate 4 Afte...

Page 553: ...Space Stacker or some other disk compression system it will slow down playback of audio tremendously Configure your system so that the Data directory is on a hard disk that is not compressed Exit other programs The more programs you have open the more CPU cycles you are taking away from your project Exit any programs unnecessary to the task at hand Refrain from other activity during playback If yo...

Page 554: ...ot use DMA transfers enabling caching may improve SONAR s audio performance Note Changes to these settings only take effect when you restart SONAR Choose Options Audio and click the Advanced tab to change the Enable Read Caching and Enable Write Caching settings Disable the Display Clip Contents options Drawing the contents of audio clips in the Clips pane uses some CPU cycles If you are using a s...

Page 555: ...ng an ASIO driver To Use an ASIO Driver Use the following procedure to enable SONAR for use with an ASIO driver 1 Select Options Audio to open the Audio Options dialog 2 In the Audio Options dialog click the Advanced tab 3 In the Playback and Recording section select ASIO from the Driver Mode dropdown menu 4 Restart SONAR Queue Buffers SONAR allows you to set the number of queue buffers in the Aud...

Page 556: ...e is some tolerance built into the meter so it s very possible that it will exceed 100 at times more so during recording than playback When the meter exceeds 100 it displays the word Overload Disk meter The Disk meter measures how much of the available time SONAR is using to perform input output functions on your hard disk The size of your setup s I O buffer listed in the Audio Options dialog box ...

Page 557: ...le problem What to do Your speakers aren t connected properly or the volume is turned down Make sure your speakers are on and the volume is turned up Your sound card isn t hooked up correctly See if other programs play sound correctly through your speakers A good program to try is the Media Player Start Programs Accessories Entertainment Windows Media Player If other programs do not work check you...

Page 558: ...installed and tested each card according to the manufacturer s instructions You may have too many MIDI drivers Make sure you only install the drivers that you need and remove any old or unused drivers To access the driver list choose Start Settings Control Panel then double click Multimedia and click on the Advanced tab Your MIDI driver is incorrect or outdated Make sure that the driver you have i...

Page 559: ...ke sure that the MIDI input on your computer sound card is highlighted Your MIDI cables are reversed Make sure that the MIDI Out plug is connected to the MIDI In jack on your keyboard and that the MIDI In plug is connected to the MIDI Out jack on your keyboard SONAR is not receiving MIDI data Check the MIDI Input Output Activity monitor on the Windows Status bar Check to see if the left LED is fla...

Page 560: ...card documentation to make sure the card is properly installed and configured The volume setting is turned down on your software mixer Double click on the yellow speaker icon in the Windows task bar to display the mixer and make sure all the volume settings are turned up and that none are muted Your audio tracks are assigned to the wrong output Check the output assignment for your audio tracks in ...

Page 561: ...ack or Console views and then look in the track or bus property fields to see what values show Change the values to neutral ones if you don t want them to affect your levels The Music Is Playing Back with the Wrong Instrument Sounds If the tracks in your project are assigned to the same MIDI output and channel the same sound will be used for all of them To fix this problem simply assign each track...

Page 562: ...r or thicker than usual as if two notes of the same pitch are emitted when you press the key Also you may find that you can play only half as many notes at one time before some of the held notes drop out This can occur when MIDI echo is enabled The keyboard plays the note for the key you ve pressed At the same time the note is sent through the MIDI interface and echoed back to the keyboard where i...

Page 563: ...ent I Get an a Error Message When I Change a Project to 24 bit Audio Some audio devices especially USB devices that use WDM drivers can not operate in 24 bit mode unless a variable in SONAR s AUD INI file is set to 1 The variable is Use24BitExtensible 0 or 1 which goes in the name of your audio device n in n out section For more information see the Initialization File topics in the online help Bou...

Page 564: ...ONAR If you choose this method you may hear too much of a lag between the time you play your instrument and the time you hear it depending on the latency of your system using WDM audio drivers is a great way to achieve lower latency Disable input monitoring so you only hear the raw signal that s coming through your sound card If you choose this method you won t hear any plug in effects you may be ...

Page 565: ... track s Output field you may also need to select a Patch and Bank Make sure that neither the MIDI track nor the audio track that contains the synth are muted Make sure the MIDI notes are in the right range for the synth s patch Synth patched into a main out or bus doesn t sound Make sure that at least one audio track is configured to send data to that bus Make sure that the Audio Engine button in...

Page 566: ... the dialog and hold down the Shift key while clicking the OK button Safe Mode does the following Opens only the Track view Prompts you if you want to open the plug ins saved with your project Each plug in gets a prompt so you can open some and not open others SONAR Can t Find the Wavetable Synth or MPU401 Follow this procedure 1 Open the Audio Options dialog Options Audio command and on the Advan...

Page 567: ...call for technical support with a problem concerning equipment that doesn t seem to be responding we ll probably suggest that you reconnect things in one of the ways listed below before we explore the problem further Also be sure to check Appendix A Troubleshooting before calling us There are two methods that fit many circumstances The one you choose depends on whether your keyboard has All three ...

Page 568: ...h MIDI device should be set to a unique MIDI channel or range of channels to avoid note doubling Refer to the manuals for your MIDI devices for information on how to set their MIDI channels Your MIDI interface may have a Thru jack as well as In and Out jacks If your master keyboard lacks MIDI Thru you can add more MIDI modules to your setup by connecting the MIDI interface s Thru to the first modu...

Page 569: ...ly two MIDI jacks In and Out or if you have only one keyboard use the following diagrams instead Each MIDI device should be set to a unique MIDI channel or range of channels to avoid note doubling Refer to the manuals for your MIDI devices for information on how to set their MIDI channels If your master keyboard now seems to double notes they sound thicker or if you can play only one half as many ...

Page 570: ... use the Windows Volume Control to adjust the master input and output volumes and to control which recording inputs are active If you don t hear audio tracks or if you can t easily control the audio volume in SONAR go to Start Programs Accessories Entertainment Volume Control and check the settings there See your sound card s documentation for more Electric Guitar Direct In You can connect an elec...

Page 571: ...rack is at line level If it is at pro level instead 4 dB and your card does not accept a 4 db input you will need to attenuate lower the F X rack s signal To do this use a mixer between the rack s output and the Y adapter If the rack has only a mono output a 1 4 mono to 1 8 stereo adapter should be used instead of a Y adapter If you want to connect a guitar amplifier s direct output to the sound c...

Page 572: ...output of a stereo component can be connected to the sound card s line in using a dual RCA to 1 8 stereo mini Y adapter Many portable cassette players come with this kind of adapter or even with a single cable with all the necessary jacks In the following diagram a stereo component is connected to the Y adapter using standard RCA cables Internal CD Player If you are using your computer s internal ...

Page 573: ...573 Español Mixer You can connect a mixer to the sound card with a setup of the following kind Note If your mixer has buses use them This helps avoid feedback ...

Page 574: ...574 ...

Page 575: ...e 403 for more information Inline Piano Roll View The new Inline Piano Roll view lets you edit note and controller events directly in the Track view See The Inline Piano Roll View on page 257 for more information Streamlined Piano Roll View The Piano Roll view has a new look you can choose to combine the Controller pane with the Notes pane allowing more visual synchronization and more editing room...

Page 576: ...Audio command to open the Audio Options dialog and on the General tab enable the 64 bit double precision engine checkbox Video Output to FireWire Devices You can now stream video from SONAR to an external FireWire DV device This feature is useful for viewing video on an external monitor during playback If you connect a DV recording device you can export video projects with audio onto that DV devic...

Page 577: ... or synth track s waveform giving you visual feedback of levels For more information see Waveform Preview for Buses and Synth Tracks on page 383 Peak Markers Buses synth tracks and audio tracks have a feature called Peak Markers A Peak Marker in each audio track or bus moves along in the Clips pane just behind the Now Time cursor displaying the highest peak found during playback See Peak Markers o...

Page 578: ...es modify existing ones and choose what happens to non scale notes See Snap to Scale on page 279 for more information Remove DC Offset Some models of audio hardware produce a DC offset while recording which is caused by electrical mismatches between the audio hardware and the input device or instrument See Removing DC Offset on page 334 for information New Normalize and Gain Commands The new Gain ...

Page 579: ...g track templates you can quickly recall your most often used track settings See Track Templates on page 189 Track Icons Track icons allow you to quickly identify a track s contents by instrument You can assign a new track icon create your own track icons and save an icon as part of a track template See Track Icons on page 190 Tabbed Views You can now display tabs at the bottom of the Track view t...

Page 580: ...580 ...

Page 581: ...ming of notes See Quantizing Aftertouch 288 See also Channel Aftertouch AIFF 175 Amplitude 318 320 Anchor points see Snap offsets 203 Apply Trimming 270 337 Archive 114 Archiving tracks 114 Arm 155 Arm for Automation 441 ASCII TAB exporting to 491 saving as 491 ASIO drivers enabling 555 Audigy card LFE channel 425 Audio auditioning with scrub tool 328 basic editing 322 digital 28 316 distortion 15...

Page 582: ... events editing 323 size of 345 Audio files managing 539 Audio folders 542 per project 542 Audio hardware Wave Profiler 548 Audio performance improving 547 Audio processing playing backward 330 removing silence 330 332 See also Volume Audio recording tutorial 71 Audio scaling 324 Loop Construction view 231 Audio tracks parameters 115 Audition 215 Auditioning notes 251 Auto arming 156 Auto punch 15...

Page 583: ...olders 544 Banks 120 125 126 assigning a bank select method 509 510 assigning patch names to 510 511 assigning to a track 126 load 523 parameters 290 save 523 Sysx 517 518 Bar lines adding to an improvised track See Fit Improvisation Batch mode playing back files in 133 Beat Value 496 Beats per Measure 496 Beats accenting 278 Beginning 108 Big Time view 44 displaying 107 font settings 107 Bit dept...

Page 584: ... muting with the alternate style 214 Clip muting with the default style 213 Clip properties 323 Clip soloing 212 215 Clips 35 arranging 191 198 201 arranging audio 315 audio 321 changing colors of 193 combining 208 210 327 copying 195 copying using copy and paste 198 copying using drag and drop 198 crossfading 344 cutting and pasting 197 deleting 198 displaying 191 193 displaying contents 193 disp...

Page 585: ...t depths 549 Converting soft synth tracks to audio 355 Copying tracks 188 Copyright 180 Count in 148 CPS cycles per second 316 CPU meter 555 CPU performance 402 553 Credits 180 Crescendos 267 268 486 creating using Process Scale Velocity 267 Cropping overlapping clips 212 Crossfade 338 changing the curve types in 342 curve types 338 Crossfade 343 Crossfade Ratio 348 Crossfades applying offline 343...

Page 586: ... 306 Drum Map Manager 304 Drum maps assigning a MIDI track to 308 creating 304 editing 304 opening 308 saving 307 the basics 304 tutorial 99 Dual monitor support 460 Dump Request Macros DRM 520 521 Duration Fill 478 note 272 294 note property 476 parameter 290 time 478 E Echo adding 296 eliminating during recording 564 Edit Apply Trimiming deleting slip edited data using 270 337 Edit Bounce to Cli...

Page 587: ...ercentage Scale 450 Envelope Draw tool 446 Envelope mode 449 troubleshooting 561 Envelope tool 442 Envelopes copying and pasting 448 deleting 448 drawing audio envelopes in the Track view 442 drawing envelopes on clips 447 resetting to default values 449 showing or hiding envelopes 447 Envelopes Track 442 EQ per track 401 Errors timing 270 Wave Profiler 564 Event deleting 293 inserting new 293 sea...

Page 588: ...ng 36 File extensions CWB 179 CWP 35 CWT 461 MID 179 SYX 517 523 File Info window 180 File menu Open 36 File Close 179 File Export Audio 356 372 414 415 417 File Export OMF 418 File Import Audio 175 235 544 File Info 180 File New 146 147 462 File Open 146 File Print 181 494 File Print Preview 181 494 File Project Audio Files 545 Files WAV 413 audio 175 bundle 134 bundle creating 541 digital audio ...

Page 589: ...er 458 461 MIDI filter tab 174 Go menu Beginning 108 End 108 From 107 Next Marker 205 Next Measure 108 Previous Marker 205 Previous Measure 108 Search 282 285 Search Next 282 Thru 108 Time 107 Gridlines displaying 201 Groove clips 35 227 creating 235 dragging into project 233 editing 235 editing slices 237 following project pitch 237 how they work 234 importing into project 235 MIDI 239 previewing...

Page 590: ...257 auditioning and selecting notes 259 zooming 258 Input 120 Input Echo button 131 Input filtering 174 Input levels checking 157 Input Monitoring turning on or off for all tracks 133 Input monitoring 159 disabling 564 eliminating echo from 162 enabling 162 Inputs choosing in Console view 154 155 selecting 374 setting source of 153 Insert menu Series of Controllers 255 Series of Tempos 219 221 Tem...

Page 591: ...ey bindings 463 creating using MIDI keyboard 464 exporting 465 importing 465 Key 120 KeyAft event 290 Keyboard connecting MIDI 29 31 Local Control setting 133 notes doubling on 562 parameters 291 patches 125 126 recording accompaniments 173 Kilohertz 316 L Large Transport toolbar 106 Latency 555 Layering synths live playback 132 Layers in tracks 210 Layouts 47 457 458 460 creating 459 deleting 459...

Page 592: ...fly 205 copying 205 creating 203 206 deleting 205 deleting from the Markers view 205 editing 205 jump to 205 locking unlocking 205 moving 205 pitch 238 setting Now time with 108 setting time range with 206 snap to grid 201 using 203 Markers view 44 Marks 482 expression 485 Masked the active track error message 246 MBT measure beat and tick number 104 265 487 MBT time entering 105 MCI Media Control...

Page 593: ...ch wheel 288 pitch bend 288 playback settings 115 131 recording music from 156 routing data 123 setting up in and out devices 33 synchronization 529 synchronization status messages 531 time code 528 timing resolution 152 See also Controllers MIDI controllers converting to shapes track envelopes 287 444 451 MIDI data applying an event filter to 297 applying echo delay to 297 applying the arpeggiato...

Page 594: ... effects 346 options 346 Modules 365 Mono to Mono 346 Mono Stereo buttons 114 Most Recently Used menu presets 389 MP3 creating 95 MP3 files creating and exporting 417 MPEG Video importing 135 MPEX time pitch stretch algorithm 348 MPU401 can t find 566 MRU menu presets 389 MTC sending and receiving 532 Multi channel MIDI recording 173 Multi MIDI input 131 Multi port soft synths 351 Musical Editing ...

Page 595: ...in real time 469 erasing 253 inserting 472 inserting with the fretboard 473 percussion 492 properties of 476 reversing 267 selecting 249 473 selecting all of certain pitches 250 selecting and editing 253 selecting in Piano Roll view 249 size of 275 stuck 110 130 transposing 129 using enharmonic spellings 479 481 Now Time rewind on stop 107 Now time 47 104 108 changing 105 keyboard shortcuts 107 la...

Page 596: ...mes 510 511 numbers 284 Patch Controller Searchback Before Play Starts 131 Patches downloading 557 Pattern Brush tool 312 creating custom patterns for 313 how it works 312 painting a custom pattern with 313 painting notes using 312 Pattern based Step Recording 172 Patterns importing from Project5 242 Peak Markers 382 Pedal events 482 editing 487 parameters 487 Pedal marks adding 486 Percentage aud...

Page 597: ... 535 controlling using transport toolbar 47 incorrect 548 549 problems 549 557 558 settings MIDI 115 131 speed 532 starting 110 stopping 110 track by track 112 114 transmitting banks 523 Playback loop cancelling 112 setting up 111 Playback of V Vocal clips 393 Playback State toolbar 113 playing 353 Plug ins audio 345 MIDI 295 using presets 389 Plug ins and 96 kHz audio 556 Polarity inverting a tra...

Page 598: ...g 265 stretching events using 265 Process Quantize using 274 Process Retrograde reversing MIDI notes using 267 Process Scale Velocity 267 Process Slide shifting MIDI events in time using 263 Project creating a 145 definition of 35 importing material from another 176 176 178 information 180 181 inserting measures into 263 264 labeling 180 181 opening 32 36 saving 179 views 458 Project 150 152 Proje...

Page 599: ...g using Transport toolbar 47 converting MIDI to audio 372 digital audio See Recording audio eliminating echo 564 erasing 158 inputs 153 loop 163 164 165 166 MIDI 156 modes 153 problems 559 560 punch in 164 166 specifying MIDI ports and channels to record by 173 step 166 172 step pattern 172 using confidence recording during 159 volume 156 Recording a soft synth 355 Recording Digital Audio tutorial...

Page 600: ...0 268 Scales constraining edited notes to 279 Scissors tool splitting clips with 326 Scores printing 494 495 Scoring film and video 26 Screen colors 48 49 Scrub tool 253 328 auditioning with 322 Search 282 285 Search Again 285 Search Nex 282 Select All Siblings 206 208 Select by Filter 283 Select by Filter 283 285 Select by Time 201 Select None 201 Selection playback 215 Sends inserting in a bus 3...

Page 601: ...th tracks to audio 355 muting and soloing 355 removing from a project 355 soft synths recording output 355 Software synthesizers and WDM drivers 353 overview 349 playing a soft synth 353 recording a hardware emulating synth 361 removing from a track 354 Solo 114 Soloing a soft synth 355 Soloing clips 212 215 SONAR as master 531 532 as slave 530 531 basics 35 features of 25 27 installing 28 sync to...

Page 602: ...ols 521 System Exclusive See Sysx System sounds turning off 109 Sysx 517 526 Dump Request Macros 521 defined 518 editing Sysx banks 521 events 518 importing creating and dumping sysx banks 519 ini file settings 524 Receive 522 recording Sysx messages in real time 524 sending sysx banks at startup 518 Sysx echo 524 Sysx view buttons 522 to export a Sysx bank to another project 523 transmitting bank...

Page 603: ...9 220 Tempo commands using 220 Tempo view 45 Text 290 Text event 290 Thru 108 Time chord property 482 event 265 inserting blank 263 264 MBT 104 105 note property 476 pedal event parameter 487 SMPTE 104 105 stretching 346 347 348 See also Markers Now time Time setting Now Time using 107 Time Display Format setting 137 Time offset Time parameter 120 130 Time ranges 201 selecting 38 Time Ruler 108 Lo...

Page 604: ...8 183 adding effects in 127 218 bank settings in 125 clips pane not visible in 562 keyboard shortcuts in 37 patch settings in 125 Track Bus Inspector 38 Tracks 563 adding lyrics to 499 500 aligning 278 archiving 114 553 arming 155 374 arranging 184 assigning input channels and ports 173 assigning to outputs 125 bouncing 411 changing the order of 184 changing velocity of cloning 188 copying 184 cop...

Page 605: ...ind 110 Step Record 168 Step Record 172 Stop 110 Transport toolbar 47 Large 106 Transpose using MIDI Transpose effect 300 Transpose 129 261 262 474 Transposing 261 262 notes 129 parameter 120 Trigger and freewheel 535 Trim Durations 478 Triplets 477 Troubleshooting 557 I can t open my project 566 MIDI Sync 532 no volume despite maximum envelope level 561 SMPTE MTC Sync 536 537 Sysx 525 526 Sysx da...

Page 606: ...ormat setting 138 Video playback stuttering problem 136 Video Playback Import and Export 135 Video thumbnails 139 View options display clip names 193 Views 36 47 allowing multiple instances of the same 47 docking in bus pane 46 Event List 289 floating 47 460 461 Fretboard 468 Loop Construction 228 Loop Explorer 231 Lyrics 44 467 500 Markers 44 Meter Key 44 467 495 497 PianoRoll 244 Play List 134 S...

Page 607: ...e recording 159 Wavetable synth troubleshooting 566 Wet Mix 347 Wheel event 290 Window Sensitivity 273 274 Windows system sounds turning off 109 Window Tile in Rows 458 Wipe 189 World Wide Web xxiv authoring 26 Cakewalk site xxiv publishing audio on 413 Z Zero Controllers When Play Stops 130 Zero crossings 320 Zoom keyboard shortcuts 45 Zoom Controls 45 Zoom factor audio scaling by 231 324 Zooming...

Page 608: ...608 ...

Page 609: ...ed elsewhere in your product package the following restrictions apply to all digitally recorded sounds MIDI or Cakewalk format song files or rhythm patterns and printed or digitally reproduced sheet music contained in the product package the content All content is protected by copyright and owned by Cakewalk or other parties that have licensed these works to Cakewalk Any duplication adaptation or ...

Page 610: ...to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 and c 1 and 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Con tractor is Twelve Tone Systems Inc d b a Cakewalk 8 TERMINATION This License Agreement will terminate immediately if you breach any of its terms Upon termination you wi...

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