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System Image Handling

8.3 Boot Procedure and Bootloader

During a normal boot procedure of a SmartNode the bootstrap application checks the persistent
memory in the logical region

nvram:

for an application image. Following that the application image is

executed, that is SmartWare is started module by module. Shortly before SmartWare is fully started
up the configuration “startup-config” is copied from the logical region

nvram:

of flash memory as

“running-config” into the volatile memory

system:

and is used to parameterize SmartWare. Figure

8-2 illustrates the boot procedure.

Figure 8-2: Boot Procedure

There are two situations during bootstrap during which the bootloader takes control. The bootstrap
application checks the status of the Reset button on the back plane of the SmartNode, and if the
system button has been pressed it launches the bootloader. The bootloader is also launched if a valid
application image is not available.

The bootloader ensures that basic operations, network access and downloads are possible in cases of
interrupted or corrupted application image downloads. When the bootloader is started, the LED
ACT is blinking on the front panel of the SmartNode to display this state. When downloading an
application image the bootstrap only switches to the newly loaded application image if it is valid.
Otherwise the bootstrap will still use the previous application image if the download was not
successful.

If the application image is valid it is started, and SmartWare is brought into operation module by
module. During this system initialization phase the status of the Reset button on the back plane of
the SmartNode is checked. If the button has been pressed the factory configuration is loaded into the
volatile memory and is used to parameterize SmartWare. If the button has not been pressed the
startup configuration is loaded into the volatile memory and is used to parameterize SmartWare.

Software Configuration Guide Release 2.10, Revision 1.00

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Содержание SmartWare Release 2.10

Страница 1: ...Software Configuration Guide SmartWare Release 2 10 Customer Deliverable Documentation Part Number 80 0151 English Revision 1 00 October 31 2002...

Страница 2: ...2 Legal Notice Software Configuration Guide Release 2 10 Revision 1 00...

Страница 3: ...ks of Inalp Networks AG All other trademarks mentioned in this document are property of their respective owners EU Declaration of Conformity The EU Directives covered by this Declaration 99 5 EC Guide...

Страница 4: ...2 Use Commands 34 5 Command Line Interface 35 5 1 Command Modes 35 5 1 1 System Prompt 36 5 1 2 Navigating the CLI 37 5 2 Command Editing 39 5 2 1 Command Help 39 5 2 2 The No Form 39 5 2 3 Command Co...

Страница 5: ...guration Files 63 9 2 Factory Configuration 65 9 3 Warnings 66 9 4 Configuration File Handling Task List 66 9 5 Copy Configurations within the Local Memory 66 9 6 Replacing the Startup Configuration w...

Страница 6: ...Interface Example 97 13 NAPT Configuration 98 13 1 Overview 98 13 2 Configuring Network Address Port Translation 98 13 3 NAPT Configuration Task List 98 13 4 Creating a NAPT Profile 98 13 5 Adding a...

Страница 7: ...Serial Port Configuration Task List 130 16 3 Disabling an Interface 131 16 4 Enabling an Interface 131 16 5 Configuring the Serial Encapsulation Type 132 16 6 Configuring the Hardware Port Protocol 1...

Страница 8: ...Control List Profile 164 19 7 Add a TCP UDP or SCTP Filter Rule to the Current Access Control List Profile 166 19 8 Bind and Unbind an Access Control List Profile to an IP Interface 168 19 9 Display...

Страница 9: ...ver Profiles 200 22 8 Use DHCP Server Profiles and Enable the DHCP Server 201 22 9 Check DHCP Server Configuration and Status 202 22 10 Get Debug Output from the DHCP Server 203 23 PPP Configuration 2...

Страница 10: ...ability Routing Table 254 26 6 6 Create a Time of Day Routing Table 254 26 6 7 Create a Day of Week Routing Table 255 26 6 8 Create a Date Routing Table 256 26 7 Configure Number Manipulation Function...

Страница 11: ...and Enable the Gateway Configuration 297 30 9 Examples 298 30 9 1 Branch Offices in an Enterprise Network 298 30 9 2 Gatekeeper in LAN Based Telephony 300 31 MGCP SCTP IUA Configuration 302 31 1 Intr...

Страница 12: ...er IP Data 334 33 12 Check System Logs 334 33 13 How to Submit Trouble Reports to Inalp Networks AG 334 34 Appendix A 336 34 1 Configuration Mode Overview 336 34 2 SmartWare 2 10 Command Summary 337 3...

Страница 13: ...t who might not be familiar with the SmartNode System administrators who are responsible for installing and configuring networking equipment and who are familiar with the SmartNode Document Convention...

Страница 14: ...o Read this Guide SmartWare is a complex and multifaceted operating system running on your SmartNode Without the necessary theoretical background you will not be able to understand and consequently us...

Страница 15: ...Terms and Definitions 15 Software Configuration Guide Release 2 10 Revision 1 00...

Страница 16: ...s used to describe the SmartWare architecture are alphabetically sorted Term or Definition Meaning Administrator The person who has privileged access to the SmartWare CLI Application Download A applic...

Страница 17: ...ted within a Codec Comfort Noise Comfort noise is generated at the remote end of the silent direction to avoid the impression that the connection is dead See also Silence Compression Command Line Inte...

Страница 18: ...evices unfortunately have got an echo on their wire Echo cancellation provides near end echo compensation for this device Factory Configuration The factory configuration factory config represents the...

Страница 19: ...iple physical ports Within the hunt groups free channels for outgoing calls are hunted on all available ports In general a hunt group represents a group of trunk lines as used for direct dialing in DD...

Страница 20: ...n boards and processor memory systems PCM Highway A 30 channel interface connecting the switching engine with optional interface cards containing circuit ports PMC The optional interface cards for Sma...

Страница 21: ...or applications in SOHO or branch office environments They are available in a various interface configurations supporting up to 4 voice channels The SmartNode 2000 series are modular integrated servic...

Страница 22: ...onfiguration files System Memory The volatile memory that includes the system region holding the running config for SmartWare during operation of a SmartNode system A region in the volatile memory of...

Страница 23: ...e applications are also called Multiservice Intranets MSI 3 Applications in LAN telephony in which the SmartNodes serve as gateways between the LAN and the local PBX or PSTN access These applications...

Страница 24: ...LAN interconnection Typical access technologies for these networks include xDSL WLL PowerLine and conventional leased lines With the use on an external modem M the SmartNode can connect to leased lin...

Страница 25: ...e used as a standalone gateway for H 323 LAN voice systems such as LAN based PBXs or call centers A standalone gateway has performance reliability and scalability advantages compared with PC based gat...

Страница 26: ...26 Applications Figure 2 3 Typical LAN Telephony System with a SmartNode 1400 GW Software Configuration Guide Release 2 10 Revision 1 00...

Страница 27: ...ng on the SmartNode hardware platforms The software designed by Inalp Networks AG for the SmartNodes is termed SmartWare This software is handled as a separate element because it is as far as possible...

Страница 28: ...c system model of a Inalp Networks AG SmartNode is depicted in Figure 3 2 Both the SmartNode 1000 and the 2000 series have three main components 64k circuit switching is supported between on board ISD...

Страница 29: ...image downloads In addition to the actual SmartWare images there are several additional embedded software components that you will encounter The boot loader is a mini application that performs basic...

Страница 30: ...ork Management System NMS With the aid of configuration files and TFTP up and downloads the SmartNodes can also be managed offline using standard text editors and file systems A number of host based m...

Страница 31: ...e multi service network devices that offer high flexibility for the inter working of circuit switched and packet routed networks and services In order to consistently support a growing set of function...

Страница 32: ...ch can contain number translations local breakout conditions and least cost routing parameters 4 2 2 Gateway For the communication between contexts of different types the concept of a gateway is intro...

Страница 33: ...irtual Circuits PVC If a port has one or more circuits configured the individual circuits are bound to interfaces on a context The port itself may not be bound in that case Example frame relay pvc 112...

Страница 34: ...form the association between profiles and contexts gateways or interfaces For example when a profile is used in a context all the configuration settings in that profile become active within the contex...

Страница 35: ...on command syntax and usage guidelines for each CLI command refer to Chapter 1 Command Line Interface in the SmartWare Command Reference Guide 5 1 Command Modes The CLI is comprised of modes There are...

Страница 36: ...Command Line Interface Figure 5 1 Command Line Modes 5 1 1 System Prompt For interactive on line sessions the system prompt is of the form nodename Software Configuration Guide Release 2 10 Revision 1...

Страница 37: ...ator exec privileged exec mode must be entered The enable user interface command is used for this purpose Once in administrator exec mode all of the system commands are available to you The enable com...

Страница 38: ...port_ethernet port ethernet slot port command from configure mode node prt eth slot port port_serial port serial slot port command from configure mode node prt ser slot port framerelay framerelay com...

Страница 39: ...re a further choice has to be made For example rather than typing configure typing conf and Tab causes the CLI to complete the command at the prompt If the number of characters is not sufficient to un...

Страница 40: ...line Ctrl e Move cursor to end of line Ctrl k Delete to end of line Ctrl u Delete to beginning of line Ctrl d Delete character Esc d Delete word Ctrl c Quit editing the current line Ctrl l Refresh red...

Страница 41: ...the SmartNode Hardware Configuration Guide Remember that the CLI supports a command history and command completion By scrolling with the Up and Down Arrow keys you can find many of your previously en...

Страница 42: ...Configure your serial terminal for 9600 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 start bit 1 stop bit and no flow control Step 3 Connect the serial terminal to your SmartNode Use a serial cable according to Appe...

Страница 43: ...Check the SmartWare release note for more details 6 5 1 Telnet Procedure Before you begin to use the CLI to input configuration commands carry out these six steps Step 1 Set up the SmartNode as descr...

Страница 44: ...r account to maintain system security Inalp Networks AG accepts no responsibility for losses or damage caused by loss or misuse of passwords Please read the following sections to secure your network e...

Страница 45: ...an empty password exists in SmartWare After adding a new administrator account the factory preset administrator account will be automatically deleted and only the newly created administrator account i...

Страница 46: ...Procedure Create an administrator account Mode Operator execution Command Purpose Step 1 node enable Enters administration execution mode Step 2 node configure Enters configuration mode Step 3 node c...

Страница 47: ...d Purpose Step 1 node show accounts Displays the currently configured administrator and operator accounts Example Display Account Information The following example shows how to display information abo...

Страница 48: ...he command output is more detailed and shows information about the ID user name state idle time and location In operator execution mode only the user name being used at the moment is reported which he...

Страница 49: ...yes on the dialog line as show in the example below Procedure To terminate a session Mode Operator execution Command Purpose Step 1 node logout Terminates session after a confirmation by user Example...

Страница 50: ...ish network based IP connectivity to and from your SmartNode 7 2 IP Context Selection and Basic Interface Configuration Tasks The basic tasks involved in configuring an IP context the related interfac...

Страница 51: ...nterface is accessible the IP Ethernet encapsulation has to be defined for the related port It is assumed that you would like to define IP Ethernet encapsulation for port port on slot slot Before an I...

Страница 52: ...or the current state SN prt eth 0 1 show port ethernet 0 0 Ethernet Configuration Port ethernet 0 0 0 State CLOSED MAC Address 00 30 2B 00 1D D4 Speed 10MBit s Duplex Half Encapsulation ip Binding wan...

Страница 53: ...erface Context router Name lan IP Address 192 168 1 3 255 255 255 0 P2P point to point MTU 1500 ICMP router discovery enabled ICMP redirect send only State OPENED Binding ethernet 0 0 0 ethernet ip An...

Страница 54: ...l with the no interface command with the interface name as argument SN ctx ip router no interface external Finally list the interfaces again to check if the IP interface external has been deleted SN c...

Страница 55: ...rnet port 0 on slot 0 is selected the medium is set to 10 MBit s in half duplex mode and IP encapsulation for this port is chosen SN if ip lan port ethernet 0 0 SN prt eth 0 0 medium 10 half SN prt et...

Страница 56: ...so be stored on a remote server Transferring configuration files between the flash memory and a remote server requires the use of the Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP The TFTP server must be access...

Страница 57: ...configuration that is to be used has to be copied into the volatile memory of the SmartNode prior to operation This procedure takes place after the system bootstrap where the application image i e Sm...

Страница 58: ...ed if a valid application image is not available The bootloader ensures that basic operations network access and downloads are possible in cases of interrupted or corrupted application image downloads...

Страница 59: ...estoring the default settings is described in the companion volume Hardware Installation Guide 8 5 Warning Avoid downloading any system image if you do not completely understand what you have to do 8...

Страница 60: ...ory you will only have to download new SmartWare application software if a major software upgrade is necessary or if recommended by Inalp Networks AG Under normal circumstances downloading a system im...

Страница 61: ...ownload the system image file and command line syntax definition file from the TFTP server at IP address 172 16 36 80 The download is defined by a script file which has to be downloaded first After do...

Страница 62: ...cess This progress is visualized with a counter counting up from 0 to 100 according to the downloaded amount of the file size for each file that needs to be downloaded Example Copy Driver Software fro...

Страница 63: ...nteractively Interactive configuring requires that you access the CLI using the enable command to enter administrator execution mode Then you must switch to the configuration mode by typing the comman...

Страница 64: ...Config SN2300_001 cfg Model SN2300 0001 0001 Serial No 100000021579 Administrator LB Date 12 10 2001 SNTP configuration used for time synchronization cli version 2 00 sntp client sntp client server p...

Страница 65: ...which are factory config startup config and running config Refer back to Chapter 1 Terms and Definitions to learn more about configuration file types 9 2 Factory Configuration Inalp Networks AG Smart...

Страница 66: ...on from Flash Memory Copy Configurations to and from a Remote Storing Location Replacing the Startup Configuration with a Configuration downloaded from TFTP Server Displaying Configuration File Inform...

Страница 67: ...guration file is not lost after the copy process There are three predefined configuration files names for which the specification of the memory region is optional namely the files factory config start...

Страница 68: ...viously copied to the flash memory e g from a TFTP server using the copy command Example Replacing the Startup Configuration with a Configuration from Flash Memory The following example shows how to o...

Страница 69: ...st In this case the running configuration named running config which is to be found in the volatile memory region system is transferred to the TFTP server On the TFTP server the running configuration...

Страница 70: ...xisting persistent startup configuration This progress is visualized with a counter counting up from 0 to 100 according to the downloaded amount of the file size If the download should fail an error m...

Страница 71: ...nfiguration commands that are necessary to your SmartNodes operating When you configure SmartWare using the CLI the shell executes the commands as you enter them When you log in to a SmartNode using t...

Страница 72: ...le transfer operations are initiated from the SmartNode First the running configuration named running config has to be uploaded from the SmartNode to the TFTP server After that the configuration file...

Страница 73: ...xample shows the commands used to upload the running configuration from the SmartNode to the file current config on a TFTP server at IP address 172 16 36 80 The uploaded configuration file will be wri...

Страница 74: ...oip config is to be deleted since it is no longer used Step 1 First the command show nvram is used with to list all available configurations SN show nvram Persistent configurations backup minimal star...

Страница 75: ...oreground setting the system banner enabling the embedded web server and other task of system character are described in this chapter 10 2 Basic System Management Configuration Task List All tasks in...

Страница 76: ...available to subscribers The provider information may be any alphanumeric string including spaces that is no longer than one line This entry corresponds to the Inalp Networks AG enterprise specific M...

Страница 77: ...onnection see Figure 10 1 below It appears at login and is useful for sending messages that affect administrators and operators such as scheduled maintenance or system shutdowns By default no banner i...

Страница 78: ...lows synchronization of time of day and date to a reference time server Refer to Chapter 21 SNTP Client Configuration for more details Example Setting Time and Date The following example shows the com...

Страница 79: ...h a Java applet custom specific configuration tasks of SmartWare are possible using a browser instead of accessing the SmartWare CLI via Telnet or the serial console Without a Java applet the value of...

Страница 80: ...o be restarted the reload command must be used The reload command includes a two step dialog where the user is allowed to store any unsaved configuration data and finally confirms the system restart W...

Страница 81: ...date and time Example Displaying System Logs The following example shows how to display event log warnings and information of your device if you start from the operator execution mode SN show log eve...

Страница 82: ...ently active command on your device if you start from the configuration mode SN ping 172 16 36 80 1000 timeout 3 Sending 1000 ICMP echo requests to 172 16 36 80 timeout is 3 seconds Reply from 172 16...

Страница 83: ...les on the basis of the checksum Procedure To display the checksum of a configuration Mode Administrator execution Command Purpose Step 1 node show crc filename Displays checksum of a configuration Ex...

Страница 84: ...related commands This chapter includes the following sections Introduction IP Context Overview Configuration Task List 11 1 Introduction The IP context in SmartWare is a high level conceptual entity...

Страница 85: ...ration Information regarding network address port translation NAPT in Chapter 13 NAPT Configuration If you need to configure a physical port Chapter Ethernet Port Configuration or Chapter Serial Port...

Страница 86: ...for Ethernet LAN and WAN ports Length for Ethernet cables IP addresses of central H 323 Gatekeeper IP addresses of central PSTN Gateway for H 323 and ISoIP based calls IP addresses of central TFTP Se...

Страница 87: ...ce information such as layer 3 addressing Hence interfaces are configured as part of IP context and represent logical entities that are only usable if a physical port is bound to them An interface nam...

Страница 88: ...s indicated as the next hop RIP routers maintain only the best route the route with the lowest metric value to a destination After updating its routing table the router immediately begins transmitting...

Страница 89: ...scheduler allows the definition of quality of service QoS profiles for network traffic on a certain interface as shown Figure page S refers to the ability of a network to provide improved service to s...

Страница 90: ...ayer protocols to become active a physical port or circuit must be bound to an interface Therefore it is possible to bind an IP interface physically to an Ethernet SDSL or Frame Relay port according t...

Страница 91: ...ip router interface lan SN if ip lan 12 4 Deleting an IP Interface Almost every configuration command has a no form In general use the no form to disable a feature or function Use the command without...

Страница 92: ...red Enables IP processing on an interface without assigning an explicit IP address to the interface ip address Specifies the IP address of the subscriber in the form A B C D netmask Specifies the netw...

Страница 93: ...fault The SmartWare ICMP message processing offers two options for host route redirects accept which accepts ICMP redirect messages send which sends ICMP redirect messages Procedure To enable the send...

Страница 94: ...an adjust the IP MTU size so that the SmartWare application software will fragment any IP packet that exceeds the MTU set for an interface The default MTU packet size is set to 1500 for an interface N...

Страница 95: ...llowing commands in configuration mode SN cfg context ip router SN ctx ip router interface lan SN if ip lan point to point 12 11 Displaying IP Interface Information SmartWare contains the show ip inte...

Страница 96: ...ation it should first be run on the respective SmartNode interface to verify that the local LAN or WAN interface is up and running Then hosts and gateways further and further away should be pinged Rou...

Страница 97: ...ete an IP interface named wan use the no command as following demonstrated in IP context configuration mode List the existing interfaces in the IP context SN ctx ip router interface interface New inte...

Страница 98: ...obally routable address space NAPT also allows a more graceful renumbering strategy for organizations that are changing service providers or voluntarily renumbering into classless interdomain routing...

Страница 99: ...ies of a bound profile immediately reconfigure the static port mapping table of the router However if you remove a static entry the router continues forwarding packets to the previously configured hos...

Страница 100: ...try The following example shows how to remove a static NAPT entry from profile access The static NAPT entry configured for TCP using port 80 shall be removed Use the following commands in configuratio...

Страница 101: ...cts the existing NAPT profile name for modification Step 2 node pf napt name no icmp default Removes the default ICMP server entry Example Removing an ICMP Default Server The following example shows h...

Страница 102: ...10 Display NAPT Configuration Information To display all settings for an existing NAPT profile the command show profile napt name has to be used Procedure Show a detailed list of settings for NAPT pr...

Страница 103: ...e the Management Port section in Accessing the SmartWare and Configuring Terminal Settings 14 2 Ethernet Port Configuration Task List To configure Ethernet ports perform the tasks described in the fol...

Страница 104: ...0 for 10 MBit s 100 for 100 MBit s auto for auto sense the port speed Procedure To configure the medium for the Ethernet port on slot and port Mode Configure Command Purpose Step 1 node cfg port ether...

Страница 105: ...igure the encapsulation type to IP for the Ethernet port on slot 0 and port 0 of a SmartNode 1000 or 2000 series device SN cfg port ethernet 0 0 SN prt eth 0 0 encapsulation ip 14 6 Binding An Etherne...

Страница 106: ...ent from a SmartNode via an Ethernet connection the frame format has to be specified The command frame format allows you to set the sending either of IEEE 802 3 or IEEE 802 1Q frames Supported command...

Страница 107: ...mapping If the frame format is set to standard the cos default command value defines which class of service has to be used for the data traffic The command syntax is The cos rx map and cos tx map com...

Страница 108: ...ayer 2 CoS to service class value Each conversion is stored as a mapping table entry Therefore the transmitting mapping table consists of several mapping table entries Procedure To add a transmit mapp...

Страница 109: ...2000 series device SN cfg port ethernet 0 0 SN prt eth 0 0 shutdown Checking the state of the Ethernet port on slot 0 and port 0 shows that the interface was closed SN prt eth 0 1 show port ethernet...

Страница 110: ...k to provide a better service to selected network traffic While this chapter focuses on how SmartWare Release 2 10 supports QoS in customer premises applications the entire end to end path through the...

Страница 111: ...artWare are a combination of an access control list used for packet classification and a service policy profile used by the link arbiter to define the arbitration mode and the order in which packets o...

Страница 112: ...ce class local voice priority source class local voice priority source class default 15 3 Command Cross Reference Comparing the SmartWare Release 2 10 with the Cisco IOS QoS software command syntax of...

Страница 113: ...ics Gathering 15 5 Defining the Access Control List Profile 15 5 1 Packet Classification The basis for providing any QoS lies in the ability of a network device to identify and group specific packets...

Страница 114: ...as a Single Source Host A new access control list has to be created Since the access control list is used for tagging Web server traffic it gets the name Webserver Moreover the IP filter of the access...

Страница 115: ...172 16 1 20 any cos Web SN pf acl Webserv permit ip any any After packet classification is done using access control lists to tag packets to a certain class as introduced in the preceding chapter the...

Страница 116: ...rive with less delay when no one else uses the bandwidth But this usage does not apply to access links When you use shaping on the access link the shaper sometimes has the problem that multiple source...

Страница 117: ...30 of the overall bandwidth Moreover there is defined that a maximum of 50 packets are queued for the source class Web profile service policy Level_1 rate limit 512 mode wfq source class local voice p...

Страница 118: ...mits the overall output bandwidth on an IP interface Definitions of several source classes or policy each defining the characteristics of handling a certain traffic type Note Be aware that a service p...

Страница 119: ...file Within the top level link arbiter policy the source policy in this case the sub level profile only gets a relative share assigned Procedure Creating a top level service policy profile which inclu...

Страница 120: ...he class local default comprises all other classes originating from the SmartNode itself which are not explicitly stated within the service policy profile 15 8 Specifying Source Classes or Lower Level...

Страница 121: ...me 15 8 3 Defining Absolute Priority This command priority can only be applied to classes but not to lower level polices The class is given absolute priority effectively bypassing the link arbiter Car...

Страница 122: ...imizes throughput The throughput bit specifies high capacity links used for bulk transfers 0010 2 This bit maximizes reliability Routing protocols and network management applications use this for faul...

Страница 123: ...at network boundaries autonomous system boundaries internal administrative boundaries or hosts using those bits to determine how packets are forwarded by the nodes inside the network and conditioning...

Страница 124: ...01 EXP LU Table 15 3 Codepoint Pools may be utilized for future Standards Action allocations as necessary Service providers are not required to use the same node mechanisms or configurations to enable...

Страница 125: ...e critical data Under 802 1p a 4 byte Tag Control Info TCI field is inserted in the Layer 2 header between the Source Address and the MAC Client Type Length field of an Ethernet Frame Table 15 4 lists...

Страница 126: ...e average permitted rate in kBit s the value of the second argument kilobits ahead defines the tolerated burst size in kBit s ahead of schedule Excess packets are dropped Procedure Defining discard ex...

Страница 127: ...e to FIFO queuing Procedure Devoting a service policy profile to an IP interface that is defined within the IP context Mode Interface Command Purpose Step 1 node if ip if name use profile service poli...

Страница 128: ...w service policy available queue statistics default packets in queue 10 15 11 Displaying Link Scheduling Profile Information The show profile service policy command displays link scheduling profile in...

Страница 129: ...cessary Disable any debug feature after use with the no form of the command Procedure Enabling the statistic gathering of link scheduler operations with a certain verbosity of the command output Mode...

Страница 130: ...rtNode Hardware Installation Guide for specific information regarding the connector pinout and the selection of cables to connect with 3rd party equipment The SmartNode 2000 series device supports the...

Страница 131: ...rface down Step 3 node prt ser slot port show port serial Displays the serial interface configuration Example Disabling an Interface The example shows how to disable the built in serial interface on s...

Страница 132: ...0 of a SmartNode 2300 series device Check that in the command output of show port serial State is set to OPENED SN cfg port serial 0 0 SN prt ser 0 0 no shutdown SN prt ser 0 0 show port serial Seria...

Страница 133: ...tion framerelay 16 6 Configuring the Hardware Port Protocol Before using the serial interface the hardware port protocol has to be specified There are two command options available to select the suita...

Страница 134: ...rial interface Mode Port serial Command Purpose Step 1 node prt ser slot port transmit data on edge positive Configure the serial interface to transmit on the positive edge of the clock normal default...

Страница 135: ...ing example shows how to enter into the Frame Relay configuration mode for the serial interface on slot 0 and port 0 of a SmartNode 2300 series device SN cfg port serial 0 0 SN prt ser 0 0 framerelay...

Страница 136: ...o disable keepalives on networks that do not utilize LMI use the no keepalive interface configuration command Example Configuring the Keepalive Interval The following example sets the keepalive interv...

Страница 137: ...and voice over a Frame Relay link it is advisable to only configure fragmentation for the PVC that carries data traffic This way fragmentation protocol overhead and fragmentation processing overhead i...

Страница 138: ...ntified at each Frame Relay interface by a Data Link Connection Identifier DLCI In most circumstances DLCIs have strictly local significance at each Frame Relay interface Assigning a DLCI to a specifi...

Страница 139: ...lation type to comply with RFC 1490 for PVC with the assigned DLCI of 1 for Frame Relay over the serial interface on slot 0 and port 0 of a SmartNode 2300 series device SN cfg port serial 0 0 SN prt s...

Страница 140: ...Frame Relay PVC Frame Relay PVCs can be disabled whenever it is necessary Be aware that disabling a specific PVC also disables the related serial interface and vice versa Procedure To disable the Fra...

Страница 141: ...gs for the serial interface SN cfg port serial 0 0 SN prt ser 0 0 show framerelay Framerelay Configuration Port LMI Type Keepalive Fragmentation serial 0 0 0 ansi 10 enabled PVC Configuration Port DLC...

Страница 142: ...l interface of a SmartNode 2300 series device The multi service provider MSP offers both Internet access and voice services based on IP The virtual private network VPN provider offers secure interconn...

Страница 143: ...o represent the function of their configuration Hence Ethernet port 0 0 is named lan PVC 1 is named external since external services are accessed via this PVC and PVC 2 is named internal to indicate t...

Страница 144: ...l SN if ip internal interface lan SN if ip lan exit SN ctx ip router interface internal SN if ip internal ipaddress 192 168 3 1 255 255 255 0 SN if ip internal interface external SN if ip external ipa...

Страница 145: ...1 The voice uses codec G 723 at a packet size of 30ms Therefore the minimum fragment size must be 66 Bytes Setting the fragment size to 300 Bytes introduces an additional delay of at most 4 7ms 300 8...

Страница 146: ...works static IP routes and routes learned dynamically from the Routing Information Protocol RIP In the routing table next hop associations specify that a destination can be reached by sending packets...

Страница 147: ...2 node ctx ip router route network mask address interface metric Adds a static route Where the syntax is network The IP address of the target network or subnet mask A network mask where the 1 bits ind...

Страница 148: ...ic IP routes Mode Operator or administrator execution Command Purpose 17 3 Step 1 node show ip route Displays IP route information This command displays the destination address next hop interface prot...

Страница 149: ...Hobbes Figure Internetwork with three routers and four networks The necessary routing table entries for the scenario described are listed below SN enable SN configure SN cfg context ip router SN ctx i...

Страница 150: ...er The metric that RIP uses to rate the value of different routes is the hop count The hop count is the number of routers that can be traversed in a route A directly connected network has a metric of...

Страница 151: ...t to use RIP 1 18 3 RIP Configuration Task List To configure RIP perform the tasks described in the following sections The tasks in the first two sections are required the tasks in the remaining secti...

Страница 152: ...lt the SmartWare application software sends RIP 1compatible packets The SmartWare application software allows sending RIP version 1 version 1 compatible or version 2 packets Alternatively you can expl...

Страница 153: ...context ip router SN ctx ip router interface wan SN if ip wan rip receive version 1or2 18 8 Enabling RIP Learning A new route is added to the local routing table if the routing update contains a route...

Страница 154: ...mple Enables an Interface to Receive RIP The following example shows how to enable receive RIP for IP interface lan on a SmartNode 1000 or 2000 series device SN cfg context ip router SN ctx ip router...

Страница 155: ...gle entries the goal being to reduce the total number of entries in the RIP routing table reducing the size of the table and allowing the router to handle more routes RIP auto summarization automatic...

Страница 156: ...oute or 16 for an unreachable route Procedure To set the routing metric on an interface Mode Interface Command Purpose Step 3 node if ip name rip default route value value Sets the routing metric to v...

Страница 157: ...but that the metric should be set to infinity for those routes acquired over that interface Poison reverse updates are then sent to remove the route and place it in hold down One drawback is that rou...

Страница 158: ...dure To display the RIP configuration of an interface Mode Interface Command Purpose Step 1 node if ip name show rip interface ifname Displays the RIP binding of an IP interface on name Example Displa...

Страница 159: ...d Purpose Step 1 node cfg show rip Displays the RIP information Example Displaying Global RIP Information The following example shows how to display the global RIP information on a SmartNode SN cfg sh...

Страница 160: ...Access list criteria could be the source address of the traffic the destination address of the traffic the upper layer protocol or other information Note that sophisticated users can sometimes succes...

Страница 161: ...network into a more sensitive area of your network On these routers you should configure access lists for each network protocol configured on the router interfaces You can configure access lists so t...

Страница 162: ...e current access control list profile Add an ICMP filter rule to the current access control list profile Add a TCP UDP or SCTP filter rule to the current access control list profile Bind and unbind an...

Страница 163: ...ile In the following example the access control list profile named WanRx is created and the shell of the access control list configuration mode is activated SN enable SN configure SN cfg profile acl W...

Страница 164: ...ription of CoS configuration refer to chapter Quality of Service Configuration later in this guide group CoS group name If you place a deny ip any any rule at the top of an access control list profile...

Страница 165: ...tination address to be included in the rule An IP address in dotted decimal format e g 64 231 1 10 dest wildcard A wildcard for the destination address See src wildcard host dest The address of a sing...

Страница 166: ...ess of control list entry Procedure To create a TCP UDP or SCTP access control list entry that permits access Mode Profile access control list Command Purpose Step 1 node pf acl name permit tcp udp sc...

Страница 167: ...al format e g 64 231 1 10 dest wildcard A wildcard for the destination address See src wildcard host dest The address of a single destination host cos Optional Specifies that packets matched by this r...

Страница 168: ...s bound name The name of an access control list profile that has already been created using the profile acl command This argument must be omitted in the no form in Specifies that the access control li...

Страница 169: ...List Profile The show profile acl command displays the indicated access control list profile If no specific profile is selected all installed access control list profiles are shown If an access contro...

Страница 170: ...interface if name Where the syntax is Keyword Meaning if name The name of the IP interface to which an access control list profile gets bound level The detail level Level 0 disables all debug output l...

Страница 171: ...hat have to be entered are listed below The commands access the SmartNode device via a Telnet session running on a host with IP address 172 16 2 13 which accesses the SmartNode via IP interface lan 17...

Страница 172: ...k growth Two versions of SNMP exist SNMP version 1 SNMPv1 and SNMP version 2 SNMPv2 Both versions have a number of features in common but SNMPv2 offers enhancements such as additional protocol operati...

Страница 173: ...ar an object identifier an administratively assigned name names each object type The object type together with an object instance serves to uniquely identify a specific instantiation of the object For...

Страница 174: ...d internet mgmt mib 2 system sysObjectID of a SmartNode 1200 device reads out a numeric OID of 1 3 6 1 4 1 5349 2 2 1 which represents a SmartNode 1200 device The mapping of the sysObjectID to each of...

Страница 175: ...end with a letter or digit and have as interior characters only letters digits and hyphens Names must be 63 characters or fewer For more information refer to RFC 1035 Procedure To set these MIB II sy...

Страница 176: ...g system contact Lorenz Born Phone 533 SN cfg system location Office 3rd floor Inalp Networks AG SN cfg system hostname SN2300 01 SN2300 01 cfg After entering a host name the prompt on the CLI no long...

Страница 177: ...out authorization possibly without the awareness of the administrators of the device and resulting in a failure of integrity and a possible failure of availability Therefore defining a community strin...

Страница 178: ...st setting Example Setting Allowed Host Information In the following example the host with IP address 172 16 224 45 shall be able to access the MIB of this SmartNode 2000 series device using community...

Страница 179: ...me Not4evEryOne 20 10 Displaying SNMP Related Information Displaying the SNMP related configuration settings is often necessary to check configuration modifications or when determining the behavior of...

Страница 180: ...le to the users trap parsers are required to translate or parse traps into understandable information 20 11 1 Using the MibBrowser Figure 20 1 depicts the primary window of the AdventNet MibBrowser It...

Страница 181: ...ter 20 11 1 Using the MibBrowser above In Figure 20 3 depicted below is a screen shot of the TrapViewer Figure 20 3 AdventNet TrapViewer displaying received Traps The TrapViewer has a table that depic...

Страница 182: ...where the traps were sent o Date that shows the date and time when the trap was received o Message that by default has the object identifier format sequence of numeric or textual labels on the nodes a...

Страница 183: ...which the Trap was sent by the originator Community The Community string is displayed here Node Source TimeReceived This depicts the Date and Time when the trap was received HelpURL The URL shown her...

Страница 184: ...ecific mechanism 4 Note The authenticationFailure trap is sent after trying to access any MIB object with a SNMP community string which does not correspond to the system setting coldStart TRAP TYPE EN...

Страница 185: ...Interface Traps it sends SN cfg show log 2002 09 06T14 54 35 LOGINFO Link up on interface h323_60 2002 09 06T14 54 35 LOGINFO Link up on interface h323_30 2002 09 06T14 54 35 LOGINFO Link up on inter...

Страница 186: ...SNTP does not authenticate traffic although you can configure extended access lists to provide some protection An SNTP client is more vulnerable to misbehaving servers than an NTP client and should o...

Страница 187: ...e and optionally the roundtrip delay and local clock offset relative to the server In anycast mode multipoint to point the client sends a request to a designated local broadcast or multicast group add...

Страница 188: ...o define the local port number which uses the SNTP client to contact the SNTP time server unicast mode Mode Configure Command Purpose Step 1 node cfg sntp client local port number Specifies the SNTP l...

Страница 189: ...1000 or 2000 series device local time zone from Greenwich Mean Time is required if the local time shall be used for time dependent routing decisions or other reasons Greenwich Mean Time GMT is also k...

Страница 190: ...ed to establish the particular server for subsequent unicast operations Later replies from this server duplicates or any other server are ignored Other than the selection of address in the request the...

Страница 191: ...r local clock offset Using the no command syntax disables this feature Example Enabling the SNTP Client Compensation for Local Clock Offset SN cfg sntp client local clock offset Example Disabling the...

Страница 192: ...ess 224 0 1 1 123 Poll interval 30sec Local clock offset disabled GMT offset 2 00 00 21 13 Debugging SNTP Client Operation During setup and operation debugging the behavior SNTP client is very useful...

Страница 193: ...Time Service The National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Internet Time Service allows users to synchronize computer clocks via the Internet The time information provided by the service is...

Страница 194: ...8 32E Synchronization NTP primary DCF77 clock Sun 4 SunOS 4 1 4 Service Area Switzerland Europe Access Policy open access Contact Christoph Wicki time iis ee ethz ch Germany DE ntp0 fau de 131 188 34...

Страница 195: ...In many cases Internet service providers universities and other institutions also provide NTP servers for their own communities NTP servers other than the NIST NTP servers listed above may or may not...

Страница 196: ...en a network administrator had to manually configure each new network device before it could be used on the network are past In addition to distributing IP addresses DHCP enables configuration informa...

Страница 197: ...interface a DHCP Client could be enabled If enabled the SmartNode gets the IP address for this interface from a DHCP Server Additionally other configuration information is received for this IP interfa...

Страница 198: ...e SN cfg context ip SN ctx ip router interface eth0 SN if ip eth0 ipaddress dhcp SN if ip eth0 show dhcp client Context router Name eth0 IpAddress 172 16 224 102 255 255 0 0 Default gateway 172 16 1 1...

Страница 199: ...g down IP interface 2001 01 01T01 12 30 LOGINFO Link down on interface eth0 2001 01 01T01 12 30 LOGINFO Link up on interface eth0 SN if ip eth0 dhcp client renew 01 17 46 DHCPC router eth0 Init Tearin...

Страница 200: ...d Use the command no dhcp server to disable the DHCP Server see below Procedure Configure a DHCP Server profile Mode Configure Command Purpose Step 1 node cfg profile dhcp server name Enter DHCP Serve...

Страница 201: ...ode pf dhcps name no next server next server ip address Defines the address of the next server in the boot process This could be a server different from the DHCP Server which provides configuration fi...

Страница 202: ...ver SN ctx ip router dhcp server use LAN SN ctx ip router dhcp server 22 9 Check DHCP Server Configuration and Status Procedure To check the configuration and current status of the DHCP Server Mode An...

Страница 203: ...e 192 168 1 32 21 41 29 DHCPS Sending DHCP OFFER to 192 168 1 32 via 255 255 255 255 68 21 41 29 DHCPS Deferring save of lease database 21 41 29 DHCPS Last saved at 2002 12 04T21 40 29 next at 2002 12...

Страница 204: ...dard method for transporting multi protocol datagrams over point to point links as defined by the RFC1661 et al SmartWare offers PPP over the following link layers PPP over Ethernet PPPoE PPP over Ser...

Страница 205: ...n Dial Out not available yet Creating a PPP Profile Displaying PPP Configuration Information Debugging PPP 23 3 Creating an IP Interface for PPP An IP interface is required to link a PPP connection to...

Страница 206: ...node if ip name no tcp adjust mss rx tx mtu mss Limits to the MSS Maximum Segment Size in TCP SYN packets to mss or to MTU Maximum Transmit Unit 40 Bytes if mtu is used rx applies to packets which ar...

Страница 207: ...ows PPP over Ethernet dial out PPP over Serial dial in Step 3 node subscr name no authentication chap pap chap pap Defines the authentication protocol to be used PAP and or CHAP Step 4 optional node s...

Страница 208: ...nfigure Command Purpose Step 1 node cfg port ethernet slot port Enters Ethernet port configuration mode for the interface on slot and port Step 2 node prt eth slot port encapsulation ip pppoe multi De...

Страница 209: ...PPPoE Session and the PPP connection Example Configure a PPPoE Session The procedure below configures a PPPoE Session for the connection to a DSL provider using the credentials specified in the subsc...

Страница 210: ...to an Internet Service Provider using the credentials specified in the subscriber profile above SN cfg port serial 0 0 SN prt ser 0 0 encapsulation ppp SN prt ser 0 0 bind subscriber joe_example SN pr...

Страница 211: ...n decompression max slots max slots Allows PPP to use Van Jacobson header compression for TCP packets Only the negotiation between the PPP peers determines whether this header compression is really us...

Страница 212: ...er ppp joe_example Subscribers Name joe_example Direction dial out Authentication pap Identification inbound none Identification outbound inalp inalp Timeout for disconnect no absolute timeout no idle...

Страница 213: ...PPP connection and the PPPoE session Furthermore two debug monitors help to analyze the dynamic behavior The commands are listed in the order which you should follow in case you encounter problems wi...

Страница 214: ...ot port Displays status and configuration information of the Ethernet serial port over which a PPP connection PPPoE Sessions runs Check whether state of the port is OPENED and whether the encapsulatio...

Страница 215: ...rmation Network ID 0 Name ethernet 0 0 0 pppoe ppp_green net State up IPCP ID 0 Name ethernet 0 0 0 pppoe ppp_green net State Opened Conf Req send rate 3000ms Max unanswered Conf Req 10 Local configur...

Страница 216: ...Sent Requests 1 Peer Session ID 3786 Peer MAC Address 00 01 02 B8 4E E4 23 10 Sample Configurations 23 10 1 PPP over Ethernet PPPoE Without Authentication Encapsulation Multi With NAPT profile napt W...

Страница 217: ...d subscriber joe_example no shutdown 23 10 2 PPP over Serial Link Without Authentication Numbered Interface context ip router interface ppp_interface ipaddress 172 17 1 1 255 255 255 252 point to poin...

Страница 218: ...218 PPP Configuration no shutdown Software Configuration Guide Release 2 10 Revision 1 00...

Страница 219: ...iguration Concepts of this document This chapter includes the following sections Introduction CS Context Overview Configuration Tasks Example 24 1 Introduction The CS context in SmartWare is a high le...

Страница 220: ...3 VoIP Connection Activate CS Context Configuration 24 3 Plan the CS Configuration There are many possible policies and factors that may influence the CS context configuration It depends on what your...

Страница 221: ...phone with number 1xx 5xx or with prefix 0041 for CH to main office with a fallback to PSTN All others are routed from the ISDN phone to PSTN and from PSTN or main office to the ISDN phone We have to...

Страница 222: ...case Select PCM law The PCM law select specifies the voice characteristic compression curve Two values are possible a Law and Law a Law is used in Europe and Law in USA Set PCM code The PCM code spec...

Страница 223: ...ntext and two or more CS interfaces must be created There are three types of CS interfaces PSTN H 323 and ISoIP interface The differences between the several interfaces are explained later As an examp...

Страница 224: ...erfaces and set up the Session Router tables To configure Basic Interface Routing refer to Chapter 25 CS Interface Configuration Other topics such as Digit Collection or Specifying Port Addresses whic...

Страница 225: ...port type BRI or PRI and on the connected voice device To configure the ISDN ports refer to Chapter 28 ISDN Port Configuration 24 9 Configure an ISoIP VoIP Connection To configure an ISoIP connection...

Страница 226: ...is bound to the ISDN port After binding to become active the ISDN port must be enabled To bind the PSTN interfaces to ISDN ports refer to Chapter 25 CS Interface Configuration and to enable the ISDN p...

Страница 227: ...ion router configuration sets are available switch Interfaces H323_IF ISDN SN cfg debug session router 5 SN cfg context cs SN ctx cs switch no shutdown SN ctx cs switch 00 01 39 SR Loading interfaces...

Страница 228: ...alls from office C with number 2xx to office B with a fallback to PSTN All other calls from office C to PSTN Calls from office A or B with number 5xx to office C All other calls from office A or B to...

Страница 229: ...n Configure Call Routing We need a Session Router routing table to route the calls depending on the called party number Refer to section Configure Call Routing We enable DTMF relay Refer to section Co...

Страница 230: ...ble calledNumberRouting SN if h323 Company remoteip 146 86 130 24 SN if h323 Company exit SN ctx cs switch Last we configure the Session Router SN ctx cs switch called party CalledNumberRouting 1 dest...

Страница 231: ...dn 2 0 down SN prt isdn 2 0 channel range 0 1 SN prt isdn 2 0 l2proto pp SN prt isdn 2 0 l3proto dss1 SN prt isdn 2 0 max channels 2 SN prt isdn 2 0 uni side usr SN prt isdn 2 0 up SN prt isdn 2 0 exi...

Страница 232: ...t 1720 Q 931 tunneling disabled Faststart enabled Codecs G 711 A law rxlen 10 txlen 10 G 711 U law rxlen 20 txlen 10 G 723 rxlen 10 txlen 10 G 729 rxlen 10 txlen 10 H 323 ID E 164 alias Binding ip con...

Страница 233: ...R Following routing tables have been loaded 02 47 59 SR CalledNumberRouting 02 47 59 SR Following functions have been loaded 02 47 59 SR Following number replacement tables have been loaded SN ctx cs...

Страница 234: ...11alaw64k context cs switch no shutdown profile voip H323VoIPProfile dtmf relay gateway isoip shutdown gateway h323 codec g711alaw64k 10 10 codec g723_6k3 10 10 codec g729 10 10 faststart no ras bind...

Страница 235: ...x channels 2 uni side net up port isdn 2 2 down channel range 0 1 l2proto pp l3proto dss1 max channels 2 uni side usr up port isdn 2 3 down channel range 0 1 l2proto pp l3proto dss1 max channels 2 uni...

Страница 236: ...N ports and voice over IP gateways It represents logical connections to other equipment or networks CS interfaces are used as source and destination in the Session Router and are bound to physical por...

Страница 237: ...nterfaces To configure CS interfaces you have first to enter in the CS context mode Once entered you can create and configure your required interface by entering the CS interface configuration mode an...

Страница 238: ...you to forward all incoming calls on a CS interface to a destination CS interface An optional fallback interface can also be specified Advanced session routing allows you to route calls to all availa...

Страница 239: ...igure Digit Collection The SmartWare CS context supports overlap dialing on all interfaces Some of the connected devices PBX ISDN network remote gateways and gatekeepers may however require bloc sendi...

Страница 240: ...o VoIP interfaces that is either between two ISoIP or between two H 323 interfaces So that a call can be set up the VoIP interface needs the IP address of its remote device In direct call signaling th...

Страница 241: ...the switch e g PSTN In VoIP networks a directly hard wired connection does not exist Therefore a virtual tunnel is specified over the IP network in which the physical ports are to be virtually connect...

Страница 242: ...from which it receives incoming calls and to which it forwards outgoing calls Generally a PSTN interface binds only one PSTN port If a PSTN interface binds more than one PSTN port a line hunt group i...

Страница 243: ...ss creates a virtual extension line which supports the complete ISDN services and supplementary services Figure 25 4 V5 Carrier Access Scenario First we configure the CS interfaces and the call routin...

Страница 244: ...terface pstn ISDNPhone102 SN if pstn ISDNPho bind port 0 1 SN if pstn ISDNPho exit SN ctx cs switch Note that the settings described above are normally configured together in one step for an interface...

Страница 245: ...shows a Q SIG PBX network scenario To separate different tunnels for Q SIG tunneling and to simplify the routing configuration every H 323 interface needs a unique portaddress Figure 25 5 Q SIG PBX N...

Страница 246: ...itch Because we use H 323 we have to disable the registration authentication service RAS and enable Q 931 tunneling Furthermore we enable fast connect and enable the H 323 gateway with the command no...

Страница 247: ...47 59 SR Resolving routing table references within interfaces 02 47 59 SR Classifier is resolving sessionrouter references 02 47 59 SR Loading and linking complete 02 47 59 SR Following voice interfa...

Страница 248: ...ssion routing More complex call forwarding decisions can be configured in the session router The Session Router is a very efficient and flexible tool for routing communication sessions between CS inte...

Страница 249: ...ble has the same general format type name key default dest table dst name dest interface dst name none function type Identifies the type of the table according to the routing criteria name Is a unique...

Страница 250: ...erform the tasks in the following sections and in order as listed below Map out the goals for the Session Router Configure the Entry Table on Circuit Interfaces Configure Session Router Tables Configu...

Страница 251: ...er tables are created by initially configuring a first entry and then appending lines with the same table name Refer to the individual table types detailed below on how to configure table lines Note T...

Страница 252: ...Mode Context CS Command Purpose Step 1 node ctx cs switch number prefix national prefix Adds prefix to all CdPNs of type national before entering the Session Router Step 2 node ctx cs switch number pr...

Страница 253: ...This number in general corresponds to the extension number of a PBX or MSN of an ISDN terminal The table can be used to route calls from extensions which have particular call routing requirements i e...

Страница 254: ...1kHz channel ItcSpeech Voice terminals Telephones ItcUD64 Unrestricted digital information 64kBit s ItcRD64 Restricted digital information 64kBit s Procedure To create a bearer capability routing tab...

Страница 255: ...is used to route calls according to the day of the week The days are defined by the abbreviations mon tue wed thu fri sat and sun To configure weekday routing table entries use the following commands...

Страница 256: ...dest table leastCost SN ctx cs switch date holiday2001 default dest interface VoIPCarrierA 26 7 Configure Number Manipulation Functions Number manipulation functions are used to modify the call setup...

Страница 257: ...efix if present Step 2 Repeat step 1 to create more than one number manipulation function Example Configure Number Manipulation Functions Add digits to CdPN Input 0319852525 Result 50319852525 SN swit...

Страница 258: ...prefix international 00 SN switch number manipulation CdPNToUnknown cdpn convert to unknown Convert number of type national to type unknown Input number 319852525 of type national Result number of typ...

Страница 259: ...e Create a Complex Number Manipulation Function SN switch complex function CarriertoLocal truncate3CnPN SN switch complex function CarriertoLocal DDItoPISN 26 8 Deleting Routing Tables and Functions T...

Страница 260: ...ter configurations For more information refer to Chapter 24 CS Context Overview Note It is not necessary to shutdown the CS context prior to making any configuration changes Procedure To show and acti...

Страница 261: ...is 022 782 55 00 to 99 The number block for site B is 033 665 2 000 to 999 The Carrier Access Code CAC for Apple is 1055 The Carrier Access Code CAC for Orange is 1066 Carriers Apple Orange and Melon...

Страница 262: ...nsertion for Orange CACorange needed to add Carrier Access Code for Orange CLI replacement for Melon CLImelon needed to add Carrier Access Code for Melon PSTN interfaces pbx_a and local_ba needed for...

Страница 263: ...uncate 3 number manipulation CnPNadd_base cnpn add 08004455 complex function CLImelon CnPNtrunc3 complex function CLImelon CnPNadd_base Prior to downloading this file you should make sure there are no...

Страница 264: ...R Resolving interface references within routing tables 17 48 54 SR Resolving routing table references within interfaces 17 48 54 SR Classifier is resolving sessionrouter references 17 48 54 SR Loading...

Страница 265: ...ork side providing services including in band tones is not given in all situations For example two SmartNodes may be connected directly to each other over the access network without the intervention o...

Страница 266: ...ne Configuration Task List To configure call progress tones perform the tasks described in the following sections Configure Call Progress Tone Profiles Configure Tone Set profiles Enable Generation of...

Страница 267: ...when the first element has finished 330ms of 144Hz at 4dB and so on The last line defines a pause of 1 second after the three tones The cadence is repeated infinitely SN cfg profile call progress tone...

Страница 268: ...et The following example shows how to configure a tone set profile for UK SN cfg profile tone set UK SN pf tones swiss map call_progress_tone dialtone dialUK SN pf tones swiss map call_progress_tone a...

Страница 269: ...ne set profiles to CS Context and CS interface and enable local in band tone generation The example shows how to use the SWISS tone set for the CS context and use the USA tone set for an individual in...

Страница 270: ...ic with name name Example Show Tone Set Profile The following example shows how to display the tone set profile SN cfg show profile tone set Tone set default DTMF high frequency level 0 dBm DTMF low f...

Страница 271: ...llp alertin no play 2000 SN pf callp alertin profile call progress tone busy UK SN pf callp busy UK play 400 400 0 SN pf callp busy UK no play 400 SN pf callp busy UK exit Create the tone set profile...

Страница 272: ...272 Tone Configuration Software Configuration Guide Release 2 10 Revision 1 00...

Страница 273: ...orts two 64kbit s B channels for switched voice or data connections one 16kbit s D channel for signaling and always on data transfer BRI ports are sometimes called S0 ports The related PSTN access ser...

Страница 274: ...ed The NT2 is not represented by any equipment unit The U reference point is on the transmission side of the NTU designed to carry the ISDN line over the last mile For basic rate interfaces this is ty...

Страница 275: ...work operator Both sides have different signaling states and messages The SmartWare ISDN ports can be configured to work as user USR or network NET interfaces A SmartNode in some applications does not...

Страница 276: ...etwork or terminal ports The pinout of the sockets is switched according to this configuration Wrong port configurations wrong cabling or wrong connections to neighboring equipment can lead to short c...

Страница 277: ...escribed in the configuration steps below See Hardware Installation Guide for more information on slot and port numbering conventions The clock source depends on the UNI side configuration of the ISDN...

Страница 278: ...idually Refer to the command reference guide for details and a list of cause values Example Configuring Port as Euro ISDN Interface The following example shows how to configure port 0 0 as a Euro ISDN...

Страница 279: ...clock mode The E1 interface can either generate the clocking for the line or accept the clock from the line The options master or slave determine the clocking method Master Generates clock Slave Accep...

Страница 280: ...channel numbering scheme that differs from the standard ETSI method In most cases the ETSI numbering applies Unless the connected ISDN devices and configured protocols require a different scheme make...

Страница 281: ...rt isdn 1 0 down 172 16 40 71 prt isdn 1 0 uni side net 172 16 40 71 prt isdn 1 0 clock mode slave 172 16 40 71 prt isdn 1 0 channel numbering etsi 172 16 40 71 prt isdn 1 0 max channels 8 172 16 40 7...

Страница 282: ...ignals off hook and on hook of the handset Going off hook establishes a connection between the phone and whatever is on the other side CO switch IC 4ab interface card etc Dialing on analog phones is a...

Страница 283: ...g the port activates the configuration changes Example Shutting Down and Enabling a POTS port The following example shows how to enter the configuration mode for POTS port 0 0 disable and activate the...

Страница 284: ...ayed in the list when entering the command is Switzerland 29 5 POTS Port Configuration Task List This chapter describes the steps for the configuration of a specific POTS port Procedure Configure the...

Страница 285: ...anslation e g call setup and termination functionality on both sides of a network In the case of SmartWare a gateway connects two contexts of different types for example the CS and the IP context It h...

Страница 286: ...Service RAS in an H 323 Gateway Advanced H 323 RAS Gatekeeper Registration Type Advanced Enable Q 931 tunneling for an H 323 connection Advanced Configure H 235 Security for H 323 Show and Enable the...

Страница 287: ...ould typically be 150 ms Beyond that round trip latency callers start feeling uneasy when holding a two way conversation and usually end up talking over each other At 500 ms round trip delays and beyo...

Страница 288: ...the H 323 interface as follows In the H 323 gateway a list of all possible codecs is defined In the H 323 interface one codec of those listed in the H 323 gateway must be specified The actual codec us...

Страница 289: ...used on this H 323 gateway Step 4 node gw h323 h323 faststart Enable fast connect for a H 323 call set up Step 5 node gw h323 h323 exit Change to interface configuration mode to select one of the list...

Страница 290: ...p sp wider control over B side receiving side codec selection can be attained This can be useful if the H 323 network i e gatekeepers endpoints gateways does not support switching the codec dynamicall...

Страница 291: ...e called party number is matched against the entries in the mapping table In case of a match the specified codec is selected In addition the specified port number is used as entry point into the sessi...

Страница 292: ...addresses are used for RAS in a round robin fashion Once communication with one of the gatekeepers is lost the SmartNode falls back to the next address in the list All entries from the list can be rem...

Страница 293: ...vices which use D channel broadcast messages such as call back and call waiting services In ISoIP Q 931 tunneling is always enabled in H 323 it must be enabled or disabled explicitly The three differe...

Страница 294: ...he H 235 needs a password for crypto token generation Since this password is intelligible when being configured by means of a telnet session or displayed in a running configuration it is possible to c...

Страница 295: ...the password used for crypto token calculation The password is entered encrypted The password to be entered is the output of the tool getcryptopassword exe Configures the password used for crypto hash...

Страница 296: ...r is enabled Generate the encrypted H 235 password from myh235pwd C getcryptopassword myh235pwd 12d3f4e76a83c6dd1067a6d34fe5cb21 H 235 Password myh235pwd Encrypted H 235 Password 21dafa5dfc7399e5cef9c...

Страница 297: ...Bind H 323 gateway to IP interface Step 2 node gw type gw name show gateway h323 config Only H 323 Show H 323 gateway configuration Step 3 node gw type gw name no shutdown Enable the H 323 or ISoIP g...

Страница 298: ...nked to Berne over an 500 KBit s leased line and therefore uses the low bit rate voice codec G 723 Figure 30 2 Branch Offices in an Enterprise Network First we create the CS interfaces and configure t...

Страница 299: ...SN ctx cs switch Finally we enable the CS configuration by enabling the ISoIP gateway and the CS context Note that we have omitted the binding of the CS interfaces to the ISDN ports SN ctx cs switch...

Страница 300: ...H323LAN SN if pstn PublicA exit SN ctx cs switch interface h323 H323LAN SN if h323 H323LAN routing dest interface PublicAccess SN if h323 H323LAN exit SN ctx cs switch The configuration steps for the...

Страница 301: ...1 tunneling disabled Faststart enabled Codecs G 711 A law rxlen 10 txlen 10 G 711 U law rxlen 20 txlen 10 G 723 rxlen 10 txlen 10 G 729 rxlen 10 txlen 10 H 323 ID 5 E 164 alias Binding ip context rout...

Страница 302: ...SCTP IUA are protocols concerned with the transport of ISDN and analog POTS signaling over a packet based IP network While SCTP IUA are companion protocols used for the transparent transport of ISDN...

Страница 303: ...on on port ISDN refer to Chapter 24 ISDN Port Configuration The IUA gateway forms the bridge of ISDN signaling to the packet based network and needs to be bound to one of the IP interfaces which in tu...

Страница 304: ...de cfg gateway mgcp mgcp Enters the MGCP Gateway configuration mode Step 2 node gw mgcp mgcp bind interface name router Binds the MGCP gateway to an IP interface The gateway will listen on this interf...

Страница 305: ...gw mgcp mgcp primary mgc ip 172 25 1 1 SN gw mgcp mgcp secondary mgc ip 172 25 1 100 SN gw mgcp mgcp domain name auto SN gw mgcp mgcp use voip profile MGC VoIP profile SN gw mgcp mgcp no shutdown SN...

Страница 306: ...e gw iua iua bind interface name router Binds the IUA gateway to an IP interface Step 3 node gw iua iua no shutdown Enables the IUA gateway Step 4 node gw iua iua show gateway iua Displays IUA configu...

Страница 307: ...layer 2 over SCTP IUA Procedure To configure the ISDN port to tunneling ISDN messages on layer 2 Mode port isdn Command Purpose Step 1 node prt isdn slot port down Deactivates the ISDN port Step 2 nod...

Страница 308: ...d by an MGC the specialInfo tone is played back locally or remote according to the request node gw mgcp mgcp map X_pt9 to specialInfo 31 7 Change RSIP Settings Advanced Restart in Progress RSIP messag...

Страница 309: ...covery process Command Purpose Step 1 node cfg debug gateway mgcp detail level Displays information on the internal MGCP processing The detail level ranges from 0 to 3 A configured detail level includ...

Страница 310: ...anagement information level 4 message flow information Example Check ISDN S0 interface When attaching a phone to one of the configured ISDN ports and lifting the receiver should indicate debug monitor...

Страница 311: ...p map L_dl to defaultDialtone SN gw mgcp mgcp map L_bz to defaultBusytone SN gw mgcp mgcp map L_rt to defaultAlertingtone SN gw mgcp mgcp no shutdown Configure and enable IUA gateway SN gw mgcp mgcp g...

Страница 312: ...ls going through that gateway Figure 32 1 illustrates the relations between VoIP profiles gateways and CS interfaces The configurable components are as follows DTMF Relay Echo canceller Silence Compre...

Страница 313: ...Relay Enable Echo Canceller Enable Silence Compression Configure Voice Volume Configure Dejitter Buffer Advanced Enable Disable Filters Advanced Configure FAX relaying Show VoIP Profile Configuration...

Страница 314: ...ate voice codecs such as G 711 Low bit rate codecs such as G 729 and G 723 1 are highly optimized for voice patterns and tend to distort DTMF tones The dtmf relay command solves the problem of DTMF di...

Страница 315: ...p ISoIPPr exit SN cfg context cs SN ctx cs switch interface isoip IpBackbone SN if isoip IpBackb no dtmf relay 32 5 Enable Echo Canceller Echoes are reflections of the transmitted signal which result...

Страница 316: ...essentially half duplex people do not talk simultaneously this can reduce the bandwidth consumption of a voice over packet connection considerably Comfort noise is generated at the remote end of the...

Страница 317: ...mand Purpose Step 1 node pf voip name voice volume value Set the voice volume to value in dB Step 2 node pf voip name exit Step 3 node cfg context cs Step 4 node ctx cs switch interface isoip name or...

Страница 318: ...spacing from the left gateway arrive with irregular spacing at the right hand gateway as shown in Figure 32 5 Figure 32 5 Jitter and Dejitter Buffer Since the receiving decompression algorithm voice d...

Страница 319: ...ibed in more detail in Chapter 13 Profile VoIP Mode in the SmartWare Command Reference Guide The default values for these options should only be overwritten if essential Misconfiguration may lead to i...

Страница 320: ...Pr dejitter max delay 80 SN pf voip ISoIPPr exit SN cfg context cs SN ctx cs switch interface isoip AccessGateway SN if isoip AccessG dejitter mode adaptive SN if isoip AccessG dejitter max delay 40 S...

Страница 321: ...ones and constructs back the written materials In IP networks several problems appear which impede to handle fax data similarly to voice streams If one or more RTP packets which transports the voice t...

Страница 322: ...r modem connections Step 2 node pf voip name fax data bypass coder codec Selects codec for bypass mode Use g711_64k g726_32k or g726_40k no or little compression for best results Example Enable fax by...

Страница 323: ...his value maximum 400ms Example Enable fax relay The following example shows how to configure fax relay The max bit rate is increased to 14400 kBit sec SN enable SN configure SN cfg profile voip H323...

Страница 324: ...nceller enabled silence compression disabled high pass filter enabled post filter enabled volume 0 dBm fax data settings transmission type FAX mode voice only volume 9 5 dBm jitter periond 0 ms bypass...

Страница 325: ...upported on ISoIP Likewise silence compression is also enabled Because of the low bit rate codec dtmf relay is enabled 80 to 100 ms jitter is expected therefore the dejitter buffer is set to adaptive...

Страница 326: ...abled high pass filter enabled post filter enabled volume 20 dBm fax data settings transmission type FAX mode voice only volume 9 5 dBm jitter periond 0 ms bypass coder g711 error correction disabled...

Страница 327: ...SmartWare Entries in the logs always have the actual system time Please make sure that your SmartNode always has the actual time as its system time Otherwise you are not be able to get some cleverly i...

Страница 328: ...Data Advanced Check Event Logs 33 5 Verify IP Connectivity With the following command you can verify that an IP packet can be sent to and received from the destination host Procedure Test connectivit...

Страница 329: ...ebug call detail level Enable call debug monitor on SmartNode number 2 Step 7 node1 debug call detail level Enable call debug monitor on SmartNode number 1 Step 8 node1 call callkey dial interface Set...

Страница 330: ...Hz Audio CCITT circuit mode 64kBit s G 711 A law 700181 Called party number unknown number E 164 numbering plan 14 12 55 CALL 0021 GOT 080001 ALERTING Generic Q 931 14 12 55 CALL 0021 ALERTING SN1 Sma...

Страница 331: ...Show call sessions SN2 show call sessions 5 8000 SN2 SmartNode 1 Drop call and see debug monitor output SN1 call 21 drop SN1 14 14 49 CALL 0021 SENT 080045 DISCONNECT Generic Q 931 0803038090 Cause n...

Страница 332: ...mand Purpose Step 1 node show isdn bearer channels detail level Show the actual ISDN status Step 2 node show isdn sessions detail level Show the actual status of ISDN sessions Step 2 node debug isdn s...

Страница 333: ...itor to show specific information for establishing and closing ISoIP connections Procedure To obtain information about ISoIP data Mode Administrator execution Command Purpose Step 1 node show gateway...

Страница 334: ...of the Directpath shows information of the configuration and data flow errors in the Directpath for example dejitter buffer status or tone controller messages Procedure To obtain information about Voi...

Страница 335: ...further enquiries please add your email address and phone number If possible add the following information in addition to the above Logs of Protocol Monitors Protocol traces contain a wealth of additi...

Страница 336: ...he enter command and the prompt in a telnet console Additionally all relationships between the instances of the components through bind and link commands are illustrated For example an instance of por...

Страница 337: ...wing all commands in the configuration modes are listed The configuration modes are listed in order as shown in Figure command summary is organized as follows Mode Name Enter Command Command 1 Exit Mo...

Страница 338: ...ect to change without notice operator_exec dropin ping address number timeout seconds packet size packet_size ttl ttl traceroute ip_host probe count probe_count timeout seconds destination port port_n...

Страница 339: ...print dlci show ppp links networks level show pppoe level show log event reset show service policy interface interface name router show version jobs fg job terminal width value default terminal heigh...

Страница 340: ...on rx session timer state machine control management error no debug serial no debug framerelay all error lmi packet management session control close session show accounts show nvram running config fac...

Страница 341: ...nmp host ipAddress security name community no sntp client sntp client server primary secondary server_address port sntp_port version version_number sntp client operating mode unicast multicast anycast...

Страница 342: ...y information request mask reply mask request mobile redirect net redirect net tos redirect net tos unreachable net unreachable network unknown no room for option option missing packet too big paramet...

Страница 343: ...interval max max lcp echo request interval interval max max mtu min min max max mru min min max max no authentication chap pap chap pap interval interval max max no callback active passive both inter...

Страница 344: ...tter grow attenuation dejitter_grow_attenuation no fax data transmission fax relay no fax redundancy ls redundancy hs redundancy redundancy_level fax data bypass coder transparent g711_64k g723_5k3 g7...

Страница 345: ...s unnumbered dhcp ip_address ip_mask mtu mtu no point to point no icmp router discovery no icmp redirect accept no icmp redirect send no use profile acl acl_profile_name in out dhcp client renew relea...

Страница 346: ...est name func none no date name key dest table dest name dest interface dest name func none no weekday name sun mon tue wed thu fri sat default dest table dest name dest interface dest name func none...

Страница 347: ...der_9k6 tx_packet_length dejitter max packet loss dejitter_max_packet_loss dejitter grow attenuation dejitter_grow_attenuation no silence compression exit gateway isoip isoip use voip profile profile_...

Страница 348: ...kid manual ip_address ip_port gkid no isoip sp mapping e164 portaddress g711alaw64k g711ulaw64k g723_6k3 g729 t38_udp transparent no h235security encrypted password clear password password master pass...

Страница 349: ...x21 transmit data on edge positive negative length length threshold threshold address address 1 address 2 address 3 address 4 address no use profile ppp profile no shutdown framerelay lmi type ansi go...

Страница 350: ...port pstn isdn slot port no down key_action type up down up cyclic down cyclic key_action type pp pmp key_action type etsi pss1 old no key_action type channel no smart disconnect from isdn calls to i...

Страница 351: ...all Forwarding Procedure CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carriers CLI Command Line Interface CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation CO Central Office CPE Customer Premises Equipment CPU Central...

Страница 352: ...rd GUI Graphic User Interface GW Gateway H H 323 ITU T Voice over IP Standard HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol HW HardWare I IAD Integrated Access Device ICMP Internet Control M...

Страница 353: ...ranslation NIC Network Interface Card NT Network Termination NT1 Network Termination 1 NT2 Network Termination 2 NT2ab Network Termination with 2a b Connections O OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer O...

Страница 354: ...ber Line Connection Bus SCN Switched Circuit Network SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol SME Small and Medium Enterprises SNMP Simple Network Management Protoco...

Страница 355: ...bbreviation Meaning V VBR Variable Bit Rate VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol VPI Virtual Path Identifier W WAN Wide Area Network Software Configuration Guide Release 2...

Страница 356: ...gatekeeper connection TCP 1720 Call signaling port for H 323 adjustable ISoIP UDP 1106 Voice data UDP 1107 Voice statistics TCP 1106 Signaling control messages NAPT TCP 8000 15999 NAPT port range Tel...

Страница 357: ...mbedded ADPCM See also G 726 G 723 1 5 3 6 3 30 16 17 Good voice quality at lowest bandwidth like analog phone acceptable delay G 729a 8 10 40 Best relationship between voice quality and used bandwidt...

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