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4. Configuration 

 

136 

 

Parameter 

Type 

Description 

bRequest 

BOOL 

When TRUE, executes the command 

dwVariableAddr 

DWORD 

Command variable address to send 

udiCommandTimeOut 

UNSIGNED 

DOUBLE INT 

Time for timeout of this command 

Table 4-89. DNP3_ColdCommand Block Input Parameters 

 

Parameter 

Type 

Description 

eExecStatus 

ENUM (BYTE) 

Status of execution, indicates if a new command can be sent.  

The values are as follows: 
DNP3_COMMAND_EXEC_STATUS_DONE (0) 
DNP3_COMMAND_EXEC_STATUS_RUNNING (1) 

eErrorStatus 

ENUM (BYTE) 

Indicates whether the last command was successful. 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_NO_ERROR (0) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_TIMEOUT (1) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_NO_SELECT (2) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_FORMAT_ERROR (3) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED (4) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_ALREADY_ACTIVE (5) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_HARDWARE_ERROR (6) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_UNDEFINED (7) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_INVALID_ADDRESS (8) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_WRONG_TIMEOUT (9) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_INVALID_VALUE (10) 
DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_UNINITIALIZED (11) 

Table 4-90. DNP3_ColdCommand Block Output Parameters 

Application example, in ST: 

The user sends the Select Before Operate command to an IED via DNP3. 

PROGRAM UserPrg 
VAR 
 

SendAnalogOutReal : DNP3_AnalogCommandReal; 

END_VAR 
 
SendAnalogOutReal.dwVariableAddr := ADR(GVLData.SingleAnalogOutReal); 
SendAnalogOutReal(); 
IF(SendAnalogOutReal.eExecStatus = DNP3_COMMAND_EXEC_STATUS_DONE) THEN 
 

IF SendAnalogOutReal.bRequest = TRUE  

 

AND   SendAnalogOutReal.eCommand = DNP3_COMMAND_TYPE_SELECT  

 

AND SendAnalogOutReal.eErrorStatus = DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_NO_ERROR 

 

THEN 

 

 

SendAnalogOutReal.eCommand := DNP3_COMMAND_TYPE_OPERATE; 

 

ELSE 

 

 

SendAnalogOutReal.bRequest := FALSE; 

 

 

END_IF 

 

END_IF 

Status Codes for DNP Commands 

Several DNP3 commands may return status codes. Such codes are shown in the following situations: 
response to output commands, associated to control blocks, analog output blocks and output 
command events. Table 4-91 indicates a  list of valid status codes: 

Содержание Hadron Xtorm

Страница 1: ...Hadron Xtorm User Manual Rev C 02 2017 Doc Code MU223600 ...

Страница 2: ... the product documentation such as manuals and technical characteristics before its installation or use The examples and figures presented in this document are solely for illustrative purposes Due to possible upgrades and improvements that the products may present Altus assumes no responsibility for the use of these examples and figures in real applications They should only be used to assist user ...

Страница 3: ...ctions Execution 21 Initialization Times 22 Related Products 22 3 INSTALLATION 24 Visual Inspection 24 Mechanical Installation 24 Rack Clamping 24 Module Insertion 26 Module Removal 29 Electrical Installation 32 Electrical Safety 32 Spring Terminal Blocks 33 Connections 36 Supply Voltages 36 Fuses 36 CPU Electrical Installation 37 Ethernet Network Connection 37 IP Address 38 Free ARP 39 Network Ca...

Страница 4: ...et Interfaces 81 Reserved TCP Ports 82 Ethernet Interfaces Advanced Configurations 82 Double Points 83 Protocols Configuration 83 CPU Event Queue 86 Interception of Commands from Control Center 88 MODBUS Data Types 93 MODBUS RTU Master 93 MODBUS RTU Slave 102 MODBUS Ethernet 106 MODBUS Ethernet Client 108 MODBUS Ethernet Server 116 DNP3 Data Types 121 DNP3 Ethernet Client 121 DNP3 Ethernet Server ...

Страница 5: ...ng POUs 230 Creating Tasks 232 Task Configuration 233 POU Task Connection 235 Maximum Number of Tasks 235 CPU Configuration 237 Libraries 238 Inserting a Protocol Instance 239 RTU MODBUS 239 Ethernet MODBUS 241 DNP3 Server 243 Servidor IEC 60870 5 104 245 Finding the Network 246 Compiling a Project 248 Login 249 Run Mode 251 Stop Mode 252 Monitoring Writing and Forcing Variables 253 Variables Used...

Страница 6: ...X3040 CPU Ethernet Ports Configuration NET 1 to NET 6 287 I O Drivers Configuration 288 MainTask Configurations 288 ProtTask Configurations 295 GVLs with Redundant Symbolic Variables 296 Program POUs with Redundant Symbolic Variables 296 Breakpoints Use in Redundant Systems 296 Limitations in the Programming of a Redundant CPU 296 Getting the Redundancy State of a CPU 297 Non Redundant Diagnostics...

Страница 7: ...pacing between modules and other equipment in the panel 338 Gutter Sizing 338 Horizontal Vertical Mounting 338 Thermal Design 339 Heat dissipation in an electrical panel 339 Electrical Design 342 General Information 342 Cabinet Power 342 Distribution of Cables in the Cabinet 342 Cabinet Lighting 343 Grounding 343 Electromagnetic interference 343 Shielding 343 Noise suppressors 343 Distribution of ...

Страница 8: ...is an ideal RTU for all supervisory applications and control of generation transmission and distribution of electricity systems such as hydroelectric power plants HPPs and power substations Hadron Xtorm Series holds an advanced technology on its bus Due to a high speed Ethernet interface it enables the sharing of inputs outputs and data information within multiple controllers in the same system Th...

Страница 9: ...ddressable memory Q retain data memory symbolic variables persistent data memory program memory source code memory CPU file system DOC PDF images data among others and memory card interface One Touch Diag One Touch Diag is an exclusive feature of Hadron Xtorm Series With this new concept the user can check diagnostic information of any module present in the system directly on CPU s graphic display...

Страница 10: ... and field maintenance The bus provides special features that allow CPU redundancy in the same rack among other features Automatic addressing and identification module Hot swapping Serial Bus based on Ethernet 100 Mbps Time synchronization for I O updating or precise time stamp Single chip hardware solution Hot Swapping The hot swap feature allows the modules replacement without the system powerin...

Страница 11: ...tionality In this case the maximum recorded modules of all the expansion racks cannot exceed 80 modules CPU Programming Firmware Updating Hadron Xtorm Series allows CPU programming and firmware updating via CPU s Ethernet port This approach offers some features such as Multifunctional Ethernet port used for program share peer to peer data exchange third party device protocol at the application lay...

Страница 12: ...chnical Characteristics English CT123400 Características Técnicas do Módulo 16 SD Relé 125 Vdc c CBO Portuguese CS123400 Características Técnicas del Módulo 16 SD Relé 125 Vdc c CBO Spanish CE123310 16 AI Voltage Current Module Technical Characteristics English CT123310 Características Técnicas do Módulo 16 EA Tensão Corrente Portuguese CS123310 Características Técnicas del Módulo 16 EA Tensión Co...

Страница 13: ...product side Information about the operation mode of the module which are acquired through MasterTool Xtorm The application software content which is acquired through MasterTool Xtorm programmer Used program version Warning Messages Used in this Manual This manual presents some warning messages in the following formats and meanings DANGER Reports potential hazard that if not detected may be harmfu...

Страница 14: ...ernal temperature read only graphic display contrast IP address for each network interface read only and local time read only The Hadron Xtorm Series features a graphic display notifying the status and useful information such as application states Run Stop miniSD card status activity on serial interfaces RX and TX among others Additionally the Hadron Xtorm Series CPUs provide a bi colored LED whic...

Страница 15: ...n use see Chapter Configuration Memory Card IRIG B HX3040 4 terminal block connector for communication in IRIG B standard Table 2 1 Connection Interfaces General Features Common General Features HX3040 Programming languages Instruction list IL Structured text ST Ladder diagram LD Sequential function chart SFC Function block diagram FBD Continuous function chart CFC Types of tasks Cyclic periodic E...

Страница 16: ...ective LVD RoHS directive Module dimensions L x A x P 38 0 x 235 3 x 184 2 mm Package dimensions L x A x P 55 0 x 308 0 x 266 0 mm Weight 1000 g Weight with package 1300 g Table 2 2 Main Features Notes Types of tasks Task is an object used to call POUs A Task can be triggered by period events or can run in freewheeling mode Each task can call one or more POUs Real Time Clock RTC The retention time...

Страница 17: ...able variable means that the variable can be accessed directly in the memory using the desired address For example QB0 QW100 Addressable output variables can be used for mapping analogic or digital output points As a reference 8 digital output points can be represented by one byte and 1 analogic output point can be represented by two bytes The Hadron Xtorm Series HX3040 CPU defines all the address...

Страница 18: ...s changed in a way that persistent variables had beem placed on the top of the list or had changed their type the value of those variables will be lost Thus it is recommended that any changes to the persistent variables GVL only include adding new variables on the end of the list Redundant Variable Memory Only applied to projects with CPU redundancy It refers to the variables that are synchronized...

Страница 19: ...pending on the selected cable Communication direction RS 422 full duplex RS 485 half duplex Maximum number of RS 422 transceivers 11 1 sender and 10 receivers Maximum number of RS 485 transceivers 32 Termination Yes optional via cable selection Baud rate 600 1 200 1 800 2 400 4 800 9 600 19 200 38 400 57 600 115 200 bps Protocols MODBUS RTU Master Slave Open protocol Table 2 6 Serial Interface COM...

Страница 20: ... NET 1 Note MasterTool Xtorm Programming protocol In cases where NET 1 is set as redundant NET 2 can also be used to the MasterTool Xtorm programming protocol IRIG B HX3040 Connector type Removable terminal connector with 4 terminals HX9405 Maximum cable length 5 m Wire gauge 0 5 mm Input and output level TTL Input impedance 100 kΩ Delay between input and output 10 ns Maximum output current 10 mA ...

Страница 21: ...hrough specific menu for this function Table 2 9 Memory Card Interface Features Notes Maximum capacity The memory card capacity should be equal or below this limit for the Hadron Xtorm CPU correct functioning The CPU may not recognize the card or data loss may occur during the transfer processes Minimum capacity The memory card capacity should be equal or above this limit for the Hadron Xtorm CPU ...

Страница 22: ...execution time of the Main Task will be directly influenced by the Configuration system task a task of high priority executed periodically by the system The Configuration task may interrupt the Main Task Time for Instructions Execution Table 2 11 presents the required execution time for different instructions in Hadron Xtorm Series CPUs Instruction Language Variables Execution Times us 1000 Contac...

Страница 23: ...rm is the programming tool used for the Hadron Xtorm Series AL 2600 This module is used for derivation and termination of RS 422 485 networks For each network node there must be an AL 2600 The AL 2600 modules that are in the ends of the network must be configured as termination except when there is a device with active internal termination The other modules must be configured as derivation AL 2301...

Страница 24: ... cable shielded twisted pair with RJ45 male connectors in the ends supports temperature of 5 ºC to 70 ºC used for Ethernet networks with 2 5 and 10 m of maximum length respectively HX9401 HX9402 and HX9405 6 10 and 4 terminal connectors respectively HX9401 6 terminals is exclusively used in HX8300 and HX8320 power supplies HX9402 10 terminals on the other hand can be used in any input output modul...

Страница 25: ...AUTION Before taking the modules off the case it is important to discharge any possible static energy accumulated in the body For that touch with bare hands on any metallic grounded surface before handling the modules Such procedure guaranties that the module static energy limits are not exceeded It is important to register each received equipment serial number as well as software revisions if the...

Страница 26: ...ening ATTENTION See the Panel Project chapter to verify the recommended minimum distance between the Hadron Xtorm rack and the remaining components of the electrical panel Assembly Before inserting the rack in the panel partially enter the screws of the type 1 holes Figure 3 1 Align the rack to both type 1 screws and pull the same in the electrical panel background Figure 3 3 Obs In order to simpl...

Страница 27: ...bly Module Insertion The following example shows a generic Hadron Xtorm Series module so that the procedure here described applies to all modules of the Series First attach the bottom part of the module to the rack Notice that the bottom part works as a guide for the correct insertion Make sure the master pins are fully seated to the rips of the corresponding rack Figure 3 5 shows how the bottom p...

Страница 28: ... through the clamping cursor which should be at the lock position The bottom part of the module gets into the same place and the clamping lock fits in the rack upper part Wait at least two seconds upon the completion of this procedure to perform a new insertion removal The Figure 3 6 shows the movement to be executed Figure 3 6 Movement for Rack Clamping ...

Страница 29: ...onnected to the bus Figure 3 7 Figure 3 7 Docked Module in the Rack There is no other way to connect the module to the rack Any attempt of entering it in a different manner may cause irreparable damages Figure 3 8 shows the wrong form so you are aware of NOT doing it Figure 3 8 Incorrect Insertion Form ...

Страница 30: ...ck it from the bus and then rotate it in one single and continuous movement Figure 3 9 2 Figure 3 9 Bus Disconnection By properly following the procedures described above the module will be perfectly disconnected from the bus and just remove the same as shown on Figure 3 10 Remove only one module at a time Upon completion of this procedure wait at least two seconds for the implementation of a new ...

Страница 31: ...een the pin number and its respective functionality for a specific module is defined in the Technical Characteristics document of the respective module Installation Diagram The installation diagram of each module is defined in its Technical Characteristics document Rack Connector Cover The rack connector cover must be used in the rack positions that are not in use so the rack gets protected agains...

Страница 32: ... Figure 3 11 Rack Connector Cover Insertion Rack Connector Cover Removal In order to remove the Hadron Xtorm Series HX9102 connector cover pull it from the upper side Figure 3 12 Figure 3 12 Rack Connector Cover Removal ...

Страница 33: ...dules during the stages of installation use and maintenance always checking if they are in good condition without cuts or breaks To ensure greater security the modules terminal blocks are rated as IP20 ATTENTION The COM 1 serial interface RS 232 RS 485 of CPU HX3040 has a DB9 connector rated as IP20 and thus there is no risk of electric shock However be sure to not touch the cable pins which are c...

Страница 34: ...ing based clamping system which ensures a high reliability even in environments subject to vibration Figure 3 14 and Figure 3 15 For its assembly use a 3 5 mm wide screwdriver with insulated cable Figure 3 15 Through this system the electrical cables are easily and quickly assembled Figure 3 14 Source Module Spring Terminal Block ...

Страница 35: ...rewdriver and close the terminal block Wiring Insertion In order to get a similar length of all wires connected to the same I O terminal block notice below the following recommendations regarding the distance between the wires Connect the largest wire to pin 1 of the I O terminal block 4 Route Pin In this case use a 0 5 mm wire Crimp the specified terminals to the given wire 0 5 mm in each route A...

Страница 36: ...re 3 17 Crimp the specified terminals to the given wire 0 5 mm to1 5 mm in each route ATTENTION Use terminals with length A 12 mm to ensure effective contact see Figure 3 18 Figure 3 17 Wire Cutting Figure 3 18 Terminal Wiring Assembly Place the terminals into the terminal block from pin number 10 to the 10 route terminal Make sure that the terminals are fully inserted and properly connected into ...

Страница 37: ...cted ensuring a good current flow The connection of the equipment s ground to the mounting panel ground must be tight connected and with the correct gauge cable to ensure good grounding and noise immunity The connectors and modules must be properly fit so that the module is fully inserted ensuring a proper connection Supply Voltages Check the supply voltages ensuring they are within the specified ...

Страница 38: ...d for connection to synchronism time signal It is recommended to use a clabes section of 1 5 mm 4 Serial interface RS 232C RS 485 standard for connection with MODBUS RTU network or other protocols 5 Serial interface RS 485C RS 422 standard for connection with MODBUS RTU network or other protocols The choice of the type of physical interface depends on the cable used 6 The module is grounded throug...

Страница 39: ...used for Ethernet communication Default parameters NET 2 IP Address 192 168 16 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway Address 192 168 16 253 Table 3 2 NET 2 Ethernet Interface Default Parameters The NET 3 Ethernet interface is used for Ethernet communication Default parameters NET 3 IP Address 192 168 17 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway Address 192 168 17 253 Table 3 3 NET 3 Ethernet Interface Def...

Страница 40: ...lizing 3 s Example the first trigger occurs at time 0 the second one at 200 ms and the third one at 600 ms and so on until the fifth trigger at time 3 s Network Cable Installation Hadron Xtorm Series CPUs Ethernet ports are identified on the panel from NET 1 to NET 6 These ports have standard pin outs which are used for example in PCs The connector type cable type physical level among other detail...

Страница 41: ...ard assuring the lock action To disconnect the cable from the module the lock lever must be used to unlock one from the other Serial Network Connection COM 1 ATTENTION For a correct and safe installation of COM 1 serial network please check the chapter Electrical Safety first The COM 1 non isolated communication interface allows the connection with networks RS 232C or RS 485 In the following secti...

Страница 42: ...ins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 Not connected 2 Not connected 3 D 4 Not connected 5 D 6 Not connected 7 Not connected 8 Not connected Table 3 9 Connections of COM 1 with RS 485 without Termination Figure 3 23 indicates how the AL 1763 connection terminals should be connected in the device terminals Figure 3 23 Connection Diagram of the COM 1 with RS 485 without Termination Diagram Note The unconnected ...

Страница 43: ...als as shown in Table 3 10 AL 1763 Pins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 Not connected 2 Not connected 3 D 4 0 V 5 D 6 Not connected 7 Not connected 8 5 V Table 3 10 Connection of the COM 1 with RS 485 with External Termination Figure 3 24 indicates the connection between the AL 1763 pins and the RS 485 network Figure 3 24 Connection Diagram of the COM 1 with RS 485 with External Termination Diagram Note Th...

Страница 44: ...to external termination 6 5V Positive reference to external termination 7 Term Internal termination negative 8 TXD Data transmission negative 9 RXD Data reception negative Table 3 11 Hadron Xtorm CPU DB9 Female Connector Pin Out RS 485 Communication without Termination In order to connect the Hadron Xtorm CPU COM2 interface to a RS 485 network without termination the identified terminals of the AL...

Страница 45: ...th Internal Termination In order to connect the Hadron Xtorm CPU to a RS 485 network through the internal termination of the COM 2 interface the identified terminals of the AL 1763 cable must be connected in the respective device terminals as shown in Table 3 13 AL 1763 Pins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 Not connected 5 Not connected 6 D 7 D 8 D Table 3 13 Connection of the COM 2 with RS 485 ...

Страница 46: ...ontact between them RS 485 Communication with External Termination In order to connect the Hadron Xtorm CPU to a RS 485 network through the external termiantion of the COM 2 interface the identified terminals of the AL 1763 cable must be connected in the respective device terminals as shown in Table 3 14 AL 1763 Pins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 Not connected 2 D 3 D 4 0 V 5 5 V 6 Not connected 7 D 8 D ...

Страница 47: ...tact between them RS 422 Communication without Termination In order to connect the Hadron Xtorm CPU to a RS 422 without termination network through the COM 2 interface the identified terminals of the AL 1763 cable must be connected in the respective device terminals as shown in Table 3 15 AL 1763 Pins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 Not connected 2 TX 3 RX 4 Not connected 5 Not connected 6 Not connected 7 ...

Страница 48: ...h Internal Termination In order to connect the Hadron Xtorm CPU to a RS 422 network through the internal termination of the COM 2 interface the identified terminals of the AL 1763 cable must be connected in the respective device terminals as shown in Table 3 16 AL 1763 Pins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 TERM 2 TX 3 RX 4 Not connected 5 Not connected 6 TERM 7 TX 8 RX Table 3 16 Connection of the COM 2 wit...

Страница 49: ...tact between them RS 422 Communication with External Termination In order to connect the Hadron Xtorm CPU to a RS 422 network through the external termination of the COM 2 interface the identified terminals of the AL 1763 cable must be connected in the respective device terminals as shown in Table 3 17 AL 1763 Pins CPU Signals 0 Shield 1 Not connected 2 TX 3 RX 4 0 V 5 5 V 6 Not connected 7 TX 8 R...

Страница 50: ...etwork Example Figure 3 32 shows an example of a RS 422 network where the Xtorm CPU is used as master In the example there are slave devices with RS 422 interface as well as Altus solution for derivators and terminators Figure 3 32 RS 422 Network Example Diagram Note The AL 2600 modules that are at the network endings work as terminators In this case set the AL 2600 keys on PROFIBUS Termination No...

Страница 51: ...ime sync data and sync it with its internal clock Through the output port the Xtorm CPU can synchronize other equipmentw relaying at the output port the received signal at the input port In cases where the Hadron Xtorm Series bus expansion is used the timing of the CPU s internal clock will synchronize the time stamps for events generationof I O modules in the expansion bus Figure 3 33 Figure 3 33...

Страница 52: ...input of each one of the CPUs regardless of which CPU is in Active mode and which is in Standby mode thus guaranteeing the system time synchronism In case the CPU needs to perform the repeater function of the IRIG B signal to other IEDs use the output of one CPU only Figure 3 34 shows an example of this type of architecture Figure 3 34 Example of Sync for Redundant System ...

Страница 53: ...signal on the CPU HX3040 terminals as shown in Table 3 18 Name CPU s Pin IRIG B IN 1 IRIG B IN 2 IRIG B OUT 3 IRIG B OUT 4 Table 3 18 Connection between IRIG B signals in CPU HX3040 ATTENTION Long short circuits in IRIG B connectors may damage its output Figure 3 35 illustrates the IRIG B connector of CPU HX3040 Figure 3 35 Interconnection Connector for IRIG B Signal ...

Страница 54: ...he memory card must be placed according to the design on the front of the CPU Figure 3 36 Figure 3 36 Memory Card Insertion into the CPU When the card is properly installed the CPU graph display shows a symbol To remove the memory card simply access the Memory Card menu in the CPU using the diagnostic button and select the option to remove the memory card Wait until the card icon disappears from t...

Страница 55: ...MasterTool Xtorm development software have on hands the distribution CD ROM or download the installation file at http www altus com br Next close all running programs and double click the installation file The installer will prompt the following screen Figure 3 38 Installation Assistant ...

Страница 56: ...he screen that refers to the license agreement will be shown which should be read carefully If you agree to the license terms click Next to continue Figure 3 39 License Screen The next screen shows the program to be installed as well as its version Click Next to continue Figure 3 40 Installation Path The next screen shows the options of components to be installed Click Next to continue ...

Страница 57: ... which sets the paths and locations of all items to be installed Then click Next to continue Figure 3 42 Folder Selection MasterTool Xtorm installation has been started Wait while the necessary files are being installed on your computer This procedure may take some minutes depending on the computer s configuration ...

Страница 58: ...3 Installation 57 Figure 3 43 Installation Process By the end of the installation you are asked if you want to reboot the computer so the changes may be applied Figure 3 44 Complete Installation ...

Страница 59: ...was created during the installation in the Start menu The first time the software is started a screen requesting the registration information will be displayed After filling the fields correctly click Confirm to use the MasterTool Xtorm Figure 3 45 Register Screen For further information on the software use or installation see Programming Manual IEC 61131 MP399048 ...

Страница 60: ... the maximum of 255 characters The rules and guidelines on tags descriptions and names of I O modules can be found in the section Accessing the module and I O points description ATTENTION It is recommended the use of alphanumeric characters uppercase or lowercase not starting with numbers in the name of each module For the description it is also recommended the use of alphanumeric characters upper...

Страница 61: ...ared in the configuration Enabled without startup consistency Configuration enabled without consistency in the startup Enable I O update per task When enabled performs the update of inputs and outputs on the context of the task where they are being used For more information see chapter I O Scanning Disabled Enabled Disabled Table 4 1 CPU General Configurations Hot Swap Hadron Xtorm Series CPUs pro...

Страница 62: ...clared Modules Only Startup is the interval between the CPU power on or reset command or application download until the first time the CPU gets in Run Mode This configuration verifies if any abnormal bus situation has occurred during the startup In affirmative case the CPU gets in Stop Mode and the LED DL starts to blink 4x according to Table 4 3 Afterwards in order to set the CPU in Run mode furt...

Страница 63: ...ble 4 2 the output modules put their points in failure secure mode in other words turn them off 0 Vdc Regarding the digital input modules if one module is removed from energized backplane rack the point s logic state will remain in their last value In the case the connector s are removed the point s logic state will be put in a safe state zero If the digital output modules are removed from an ener...

Страница 64: ...ory card Figure 4 56 Configurations Description Default Possibilities Copy Project from CPU to Memory Card Copy the project from the CPU internal memory to the memory card Disabled Enabled Configuration enabled Disabled Configuration disabled Password to Copy Project from CPU to Memory Card Password for coping the project from the CPU internal memory to memory card 6 digits password 0 to 999999 Co...

Страница 65: ...ed for signal restoration before seeking another source of timing 3 3 a100 Priority Control Center Sets the priority of Control Center sync source regarding the other sources The smaller the value of the field the higher priority of the sync source 2 1 2 3 Enable SNTP Enables the synchronism through the SNTP protocol Disabled Disabled Enabled Priority SNTP Sets the priority of SNTP sync source reg...

Страница 66: ... IRIG B The time synchronization through the IRIG B interface allows the update of the RTU clock with a maximum error of a few microseconds being recommended for applications where a high accuracy time stamping is required 1ms or less The time is sent by the generator device typically a GPS receiver periodically every 1 second The RTU clock is updated immediately after the reception and is used fo...

Страница 67: ...the Synchronization Period has passed That is at each synchronization period the CPU tries to connect once to each server it tries the second server in case the first one is unresponsive The waiting time for a response from the SNTP server is 5 seconds default and cannot be modified If after a synchronization request the difference between the current time of the CPU HX3040and the time received by...

Страница 68: ...U memory in two different variables One of them represents the point value type BOOL BYTE WORD etc while the other represents its quality type QUALITY Internal Points are those which value and quality are calculated internally on the user application i e does not comes from an external source like happens for points associated to some IED Master Client communication drivers or to some I O module T...

Страница 69: ...eliable The IEC 61850 DNP3 and IEC104 standards have their own formats for representing the quality information of a point The Hadron Xtorm Series in turn has its own quality format called Internal Quality very similar to IEC 61850 This format is defined by the QUALITY type LibRtuStandard library and is used internally for storing the quality allowing conversions between protocols without loss of ...

Страница 70: ...is out of calibration 7 FLAG_INCONSISTENT BOOL This identifier indicates an inconsistency detected by an evaluation function 8 FLAG_OUT_OF_RANGE BOOL This identifier indicates a quality error The attribute value to which the quality is associated with is beyond the capacity of the capacity of predefined values 9 FLAG_INACCURATE BOOL This identifier indicates that the value does not meet the stated...

Страница 71: ...onversion Internal DNP3 Internal Quality DNP3 Quality Flags VALIDITY FLAG_RESTART ANY RESTART FLAG_COMM_FAIL ANY COMM_LOST FLAG_REMOTE_SUBSTITUTED ANY REMOTE_FORCED FLAG_LOCAL_SUBSTITUTED ANY LOCAL_FORCED FLAG_FILTER ANY CHATTER_FILTER FLAG_OVERFLOW ANY OVER_RANGE FLAG_REFERENCE_ERROR ANY DISCONTINUITY for counters REFERENCE_ERR for analog FLAG_INCONSISTENT ANY not ONLINE FLAG_OUTOFRANGE ANY OVER_...

Страница 72: ...ITY_INVALID INVALID Tabela 4 10 Internal Conversion to IEC 60870 5 104 to Digital Points Internal IEC 60870 5 104 Analogic Internal Quality IEC 60870 5 104 Quality Flags VALIDITY FLAG_RESTART ANY NOT TOPICAL FLAG_COMM_FAIL ANY NOT TOPICAL FLAG_REMOTE_SUBSTITUTED ANY SUBSTITUTED FLAG_LOCAL_SUBSTITUTED ANY SUBSTITUTED FLAG_FILTER ANY FLAG_OVERFLOW ANY OVERFLOW FLAG_REFERENCE_ERROR ANY INVALID FLAG_I...

Страница 73: ...ILTER VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE OR VALIDITY_INVALID OSCILLATORY FLAG_OVERFLOW VALIDITY_INVALID OVERFLOW FLAG_REFERENCE_ERROR VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE OR VALIDITY_INVALID BADREFERENCE FLAG_INCONSISTENT VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE INCONSISTENT FLAG_OUT_OF_RANGE VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE OR VALIDITY_INVALID OUTOFRANGE FLAG_INACCURATE VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE INNACURATE FLAG_OLD_DATA VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE OLDDATA FLAG_FA...

Страница 74: ... the types of quality for each input and output point See further information in IOQualities GVL Diagnostics Resultant Flags Resultant VALIDITY Description Don t care FLAG_RESTART VALIDITY_INVALID Quality has this value before it is read or written for first time None VALIDITY_GOOD Communication OK The point is updated None FLAG_OLD_DATA AND FLAG_FAILURE VALIDITY_QUESTIONABLE Non operating module ...

Страница 75: ...may be in structures Minimum Input Value Lowest input value Numeric constant which must obey the limits of the variable used at the Input Maximum Input Value Highest input value Numeric constant which must obey the limits of the variable used at the Input Minimum Engineering Value Lowest engineering value Numeric constant which must obey the limits of REAL Maximum Engineering Value Highest enginee...

Страница 76: ...ermined according to the time stamp of the inputs As for the events related to changes in the value the CPU performs an OR logic Thus the transition event from 0 to 1 of the resulting variable is dated like the oldest event from 0 to 1 of the group inputs The transition event from 1 to 0 of the resulting variable is dated like the most recent even from 1 to 0 of the inputs For events related to ch...

Страница 77: ...e can be simple or array element and may be in structures Variable Name Stores the result of the event grouping BOOL only The variable can be simple or array element and may be in structures Quality Stores the quality of the event grouping in a variable The variable can be simple or array element and may be in structures The variable must be of QUALITY type available at LibDataTypes Maximum Delay ...

Страница 78: ...r of the serial communication 8 5 6 7 and 8 Stop bits Sets the stop bits of the serial port 1 1 1 5 and 2 Serial mode Sets the serial port operation mode Normal mode Extended Mode Extended operation mode of the serial communication that delivers information regarding the received data frame Normal Mode Normal operation mode of the serial communication Table 4 19 COM 1 Settings Note Extended Mode I...

Страница 79: ...cter is sent on line Besides measuring the silence between characters the RX_TIMESTAMP is also important as it measures the silence time of the last character on the RX line The silence measuring is important for the correct implementation of some protocols such as MODBUS RTU for example This protocol specifies an inter frame greater than 3 5 characters and an inter byte less than 1 5 characters D...

Страница 80: ...EXTENDED MODE is used and they minimize the overrun errors However if values are too low they may cause several interruptions which may delay the CPU 8 1 4 8 and 14 Serial Events RX on TX When true all bytes received during the transmission will be discharged instead of going to the RX line It is used to disable the full duplex operation of the RS 232C interface Disabled Enabled Disabled RX DCD Ev...

Страница 81: ...tion 8 5 6 7 and 8 Stop bits Sets the serial port stop bits 1 1 1 5 and 2 Serial mode Sets the serial port operation mode Normal mode Extended Mode Extended operation mode which delivers information regarding the received data frame see note in section COM 1 Normal Mode Serial communication normal operation mode Table 4 22 COM 2 Settings The Data Bits configuration of serial interfaces limits the ...

Страница 82: ...h is always enabled or via the pair NET 1 2 The interfaces NET 2 to NET6 may be enabled or disabled through the configurations done Table 4 25 presents the configuration parameters for Ethernet interfaces Configurations Description Default Options Enable Enables the Ethernet interface only for NET 2 to NET 6 Disabled Disabled Enabled IP Address IP address of the Controller in the Ethernet bus 192 ...

Страница 83: ...ode the interface forms a redundant pair with the subsequent interface operating in an active standby scheme A NIC Teaming pair has a unique IP address associated to the current active interface Thus a client as a SCADA or MasterTool Xtorm connected to a server on the CPU does not need to change the IP address if there is failure in one of the ports of the pair In addition each interface of the NI...

Страница 84: ... STP or up to 6 seconds with RSTP Thus make sure the system can support this network downtime without any major problems If you are working on a critical system which cannot manage such long breaks preferably use the star topology network This is the case of control or protection systems with very fast response times for example Double Points The representation of digital double input output point...

Страница 85: ...apped points It refers to the maximum number of mapped points supported by the CPU Each mapping supports one or more mapped points depending on the size of the data when used with variables of type ARRAY DNP3 connections It refers to the sum of the maximum number of DNP3 Client and DNP3 Server connections of a CPU HX3040 It cannot exceed the total number of connections reported in the table for th...

Страница 86: ...e simultaneously transmitted by each Client protocol instance or that can be received simultaneously by each Server protocol instance Instances of MODBUS RTU Master or Slave protocols do not support simultaneous requests Simultaneous requests per device Number of requests that can be simultaneously transmitted for each MODBUS Server device or may be simultaneously received from each MODBUS Client ...

Страница 87: ...se and it does not occupy the area of retentive persistent symbolic variables Thus the CPU queue events that have not been transmitted to the control center yet will not be lost in an eventual case of RTU power off The queue is also redundant that is it is synchronized from cycle to cycle between the two CPUs when using redundancy More information can be found in the specific section about CPU red...

Страница 88: ...specific case of the DNP3 Server confirmation occurs only when the control center SCADA acknowledges the receipt of the message which is useful against events losses in case of network failures As for other types of consumers Buffered Reports in 61850Server for example confirmation occurs when the event was transferred to the internal queue of the driver The occupation of the CPU event queue can b...

Страница 89: ... to different IEDs The interception of commands is implemented by the function block CommandReceiver The input output parameters are described in the following tables Parameter Type Description bExec BOOL When TRUE executes the command interception bDone BOOL Indicates that the command output data have been processed releasing the function block to receive a new command dwVariableAddr DWORD Variab...

Страница 90: ...n intercepted and that there are available data for processing sCommand STRUCT This structure stores the received command data which is comprised by the following fields eCommand sSelectParameters sOperateParameters sCancelParameters The description of each field is detailed in this section eStatus ENUM Function output action based on the obtained result according to the list below OK_SUCCESS 0 ER...

Страница 91: ...icates that the received command was sent only for test purposes thus it should not be performed Table 4 36 sOperateConfig Parameters Parameter Type Description eParamType ENUM Informs the received command type NO_COMMAND 0 SINGLE_POINT_COMMAND 1 DOUBLE_POINT_COMMAND 2 INTEGER_STATUS_COMMAND 3 ENUMERATED_STATUS_COMMAND 4 ANALOGUE_VALUE_COMMAND 5 sSinglePoint STRUCT Depending on the command type re...

Страница 92: ...ec parameter The bCommandAvailable informs the application that the command was intercepted The information related to the intercepted command will be filled on the sCommand and eStatus output parameters according to the type of command that was received This operation depends only on the type of the received command whatever is the data type of the variable which is being used to intercept the co...

Страница 93: ...4 bPairIndex 0 bPulseTime byPulseTimeON ELSE Capturing the value set for the pulse of time byPulseTimeOFF DWORD_TO_BYTE CComamnd sOperateParameters sValue sDoublePoint sPulse Config dwOffDuration 10 Performs the PulsedCommand function for the output module byResult PulsedCommand bCommandType 102 bRackNumber 0 bSlotNumber 4 bPairIndex 0 bPulseTime byPulseTimeOFF END_IF Consist the result of the pul...

Страница 94: ...otocol when in Run Mode In order to configure this protocol perform the following steps 1 Add the MODBUS RTU Master Protocol instance to the serial channels COM 1 or COM 2 or both in case of two communication networks 2 To execute this procedure see Serial Interfaces Configuration 3 Set the serial interface choosing the communication speed the RTS CTS signals behavior the parity the channel stop b...

Страница 95: ... do not follow the standard ATTENTION It may be useful to make use of the two available diagnostics structures as it increases the diagnosis scope and reliability This is specially recommended in the case you are consisting the RTU Master communication through the diagnostics and commands stored in T_DIAG_MODBUS_RTU_MASTER_1 variables Table 4 47 and the requests diagnostic structure T_DIAG_MODBUS_...

Страница 96: ...ounters bDiag_19_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_20_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_21_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_22_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_23_reserved BOOL Reserved byDiag_03_reserved BYTE Reserved Communication Statistics tStat wTXRequsts WORD Counter of requests transmitted by the master 0 to 65535 wRXNormalResponses WORD Counter of normal responses received by the master 0 to 65535 wRXExcept...

Страница 97: ...en into account at least the following system variables the time it takes the slave to transmit the frame according to the baud rate the time the slave takes to process the request send delay if configured in the slave the transmission time of the response and eventual delays caused by intermediate devices as repeaters must also be regarded It is recommended that the time out is equal to or greate...

Страница 98: ...tart Address Initial address of the MODBUS data 1 to 65536 Data Size Size of the MODBUS data 1 to 65536 Data Range The address range of configured data Quality variable Variable name that will contain the quality data of the MODBUS mapping Variable name declared in a program or GVL The variable must be DWORD type Generate Quality Variables Automatically generates in the IOQualities GVL variables o...

Страница 99: ...ccess from the initial address Thus to read a continuous address range it is necessary that all addresses are declared in a single relation This field varies with the MODBUS data type configured Data Range This field shows the memory address range used by the MODBUS relation Quality Variable This field is used to specify a variable which will contain the data of the MODBUS relation quality ATTENTI...

Страница 100: ...Size of MODBUS Read data Depends on the function used Read Data Range MODBUS read data address range 0 to 2147483646 Write Data Start Address Initial address of the MODBUS write data 1 1 to 65536 Write Data Size Size of MODBUS Write data Depends on the function used Write Data Range MODBUS write data address range 0 to 2147483647 Diagnostic Variable Diagnostic variable name Name of a variable decl...

Страница 101: ...ting of holding registers FC 23 Table 4 52 MODBUS Functions Supported by Hadron Xtorm CPUs Polling This parameter indicates how often the communication defined by this request should be executed When the communication is completed the CPU waits for the time set in the polling field and then proceeds to a new communication Read Data Start Address Field for the initial address of the MODBUS reading ...

Страница 102: ... was successful bCommError BOOL Communication completed previously had an error Check error code bDiag_6_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_7_reserved BOOL Reserved Last error code enabled when bCommError TRUE eLastErrorCode MASTER_ERROR_CODE BYTE ERR_EXCEPTION 1 response reported in an exception code see eLastExceptionCode Exception Code ERR_CRC 2 response with invalid CRC ERR_ADDRESS 3 MODBUS address ...

Страница 103: ...n the corresponding variable is equal to 1 otherwise the request is enabled ATTENTION Differently from other application tasks when a depuration mark in the MainTask is reached the task of a Master MODBUS RTU instance and any other MODBUS task will stop running at the moment that it tries to perform a writing in a memory area It occurs in order to keep the consistency of the memory areas data whil...

Страница 104: ...it interferes directly in the response time data volume for scan and mainly in the CPU resources balance between communications and other tasks Send Delay The answer to a MODBUS protocol may cause problems in certain moments as in the RS 485 interface or other half duplex for example Sometimes there is a delay between the master request time and the physical line silence master delay to put RTS in...

Страница 105: ...em signal method 22 time out of CTS true 23 time out of CTS false 24 transmission time out error 30 invalid reception buffer size 31 reception time out error 32 flow control configured differently from the manual 33 invalid flow control for the configured serial port 34 data reception not allowed in the normal mode 35 data reception not allowed in the extended mode 36 DCD interruption not allowed ...

Страница 106: ...ence in other words an illegal message is also computed 0 to 65535 wRXIllegalRequests WORD Illegal request counter These are frames which start with address 0 broadcast or with the MODBUS slave address but aren t legal requests invalid syntax smaller frames invalid CRC 0 to 65535 wRXOverrunErrors WORD Counter of frames with overrun errors during reception UART FIFO or RX line 0 to 65535 wRXIncompl...

Страница 107: ...ion can access from the initial address Thus in order to read a continuous range of addresses it is necessary that all addresses are declared in a single relation This field varies according to the configured type of MODBUS data Data Range This field shows the memory address range used by the MODBUS relation Maximum Relation Size Each COM is limited in 20000 communication points that is if you use...

Страница 108: ... server mode can be disabled through symbolic variables identified in the correspondent column of MasterTool Xtorm Disabling The disabling may occur through these specific bits which consequently affect specific relations For the server mode relations IP addresses clusters filters can be defined with writing and reading allowance This is made through the definition of an IP network address and of ...

Страница 109: ...Add and set the MODBUS mappings specifying the variable name data type data initial address data size and variable which will receive the quality data Add and set the MODBUS requests specifying the desired function the scanning time of the request the initial address reading writing the data size reading writing the variable that will receive the quality data and the variable responsible for disab...

Страница 110: ...diagnostic statistics counters bDiag_19_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_20_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_21_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_22_reserved BOOL Reserved bDiag_23_reserved BOOL Reserved byDiag_03_reserved BYTE Reserved Communication Statistics tStat wTXRequsts WORD Counter of number of requests transmitted by the client 0 to 65535 wRXNormalResponses WORD Counter of normal answers received by ...

Страница 111: ...ved When the master sends a command of writing with the address set to zero it is performing broadcast requests on the network Communication Time out The communication time out parameters of the MODBUS Client protocol found on the button Advanced of the configuration screen are divided into maximum number of concurrent requests communication time out time out connection mode and downtime Configura...

Страница 112: ...of these parameters For further information check Ethernet Interfaces Configuration Mode Defines when the connection with the server is finished by the client Downtime Inactivity connection time ATTENTION If you use a variable which covers the addresses 5 to10 of a function declared in the Mappings tab the reading writing requests that reach the ends or part of the mapping will be valid Example re...

Страница 113: ...This field is used to specify the data type used in the MODBUS relation Data type Size bits Description Write Coil 1 Write digital output Read Coil 1 Read digital output Write Holding Register 16 Write analog output Read Holding Register 16 Read analog output Holding Register com mascara AND 16 Analog output that can be read or written with AND mask Holding Register com mascara OR 16 Analog output...

Страница 114: ...data address range 0 to 2147483646 Write Data Start Address Initial address of the MODBUS write data 1 1 to 65536 Write Data Size MODBUS write data size Depends on the function used Write Data Range MODBUS write data address range 0 to 2147483647 Diagnostic Variable Diagnostic variable name Name of a variable declared in a program or GVL Disabling Variable Variable used to disable the MODBUS relat...

Страница 115: ...e awaited a time equal to the value configured in the Polling field and after that a new communication will be executed Read Data Start Address Field for the initial address of the MODBUS read data Read Data Size The minimum value for the read data size is 1 and the maximum value depends on the MODBUS function FC used as below 1 Read Coils FC 1 2000 2 Read Input Status FC 2 2000 3 Read Holding Reg...

Страница 116: ...mError true eLastErrorCode MASTER_ERROR_CODE BYTE ERR_EXCEPTION 1 response reported in a code see eLastExceptionCode exception code ERR_CRC 2 response with invalid CRC ERR_ADDRESS 3 MODBUS address not found The address that answered the request was different than expected ERR_FUNCTION 4 invalid function code The function received in response was different from that expected by request ERR_FRAME_DA...

Страница 117: ...area This occurs in order to maintain data consistency of memory areas while MainTask is not running MODBUS Client Relations Triggering in Acyclic Form In order to trigger MODBUS Client relations in an acyclical way follow the method below It is easily implemented in the user application program Set a maximum polling time for relations Keep the relation generally disabled Enable the relation only ...

Страница 118: ...lared in the MODBUS relation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 to 255 255 255 255 Write Filter Mask Specifies the subnet mask in conjunction with the Write Filter IP parameter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 to 255 255 255 255 Read Filter IP Address Specifies a range of IPs with read access in the variables declared in the MODBUS interface 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 to 255 255 255 255 Read Filter Mask Specifies the subnet mask in conjunction...

Страница 119: ...hout being used without exchanging communication messages If the specified time is not reached the connection is closed releasing an input in the connection table MODBUS Server Diagnostics The diagnostics and commands of the configured MODBUS TCP server protocol are stored in variables of type T_DIAG_MODBUS_ETH_SERVER_1 which are described in Table 4 71 Diagnostics Variable T_DIAG_MODBUS_ETH_SERVE...

Страница 120: ...y the server and answered normally 0 to 65535 wTXExceptionResponses WORD Counter of requests received by the server and answered with exception codes 0 to 65535 The exception codes are listed below 1 the function code FC is legal but not supported 2 relation not found in these MODBUS data 3 illegal value for the address 128 the master client has no right to read or write 129 MODBUS relation is dis...

Страница 121: ...s offset of each MODBUS data type and on the allowed address for each data type Data Size The Data Size value sets the maximum amount of data that a MODBUS relation can access from the initial address Thus in order to read a continuous range of addresses it is necessary that all addresses are declared in a single relation This field varies according to the configured type of MODBUS data Data Range...

Страница 122: ...ent with flag and time 0 3 UDINT g21v01 Frozen counter 32 bits with flag g21v09 Frozen counter 32 bits without flag g23v01 Frozen counter event 32 bits with flag g23v05 Frozen counter event 32 bits with flag and time 0 3 AI Analog Input INT g30v02 Analog input 16 bits with flag g30v04 Analog input 16 bits without flag g32v02 Analog input event 16 bits without time g32v04 Analog input event 16 bits...

Страница 123: ...uality Set the link layer parameters specifying the addressing and confirmation messages Set the application layer parameters specifying the application layer configurations classes and automatic requests The following items describe each one of these settings Configuration of the DNP3 Client Mappings The general configurations of a DNP3 Client Figure 4 24 follow the parameters presented in Table ...

Страница 124: ...zen Counter g30 Analog Input g40 Analog Output Index Index of the firs DNP3 mapping point 0 to 65535 Size DNP3 data size 1 to 65536 Range Address range of the configured data Quality Variable Name of the symbolic variable that sotres the quality of he mapping Variable of QUALITY type Generate Quality Variable Generates automatically in the GVL Qualities variables of QUALITY type to each Value Vari...

Страница 125: ...in structures ATTENTION There are situations in which the variables of the groups 30 Analog Inputs and Group 40 Analog Outputs receive Outstation values that cannot be stored due to the difference between the variations of the received data and the storage variable mapped on the DNP3 client In such cases the quality of this point will be INVALID and the point value will be the last valid value rea...

Страница 126: ...the confirmation message again 1 1 to 86400 Connection Time Out s Maximum time for this Outstation connect with DNP3 client through the TCP protocol 1 1 to 10 Keep Alive s Link test time 10 1 to 60 Table 4 76 Configuration of the DNP3 Client Link Layer Notes Address Outstation The field sets the DNP3 source address of this outstation IP Address The field sets the DNP3 Client IP address TCP Port Ad...

Страница 127: ... again To enable it select the options Always or Sometimes in the field Sends Confirmed User Data Frames Keep Alive s Time interval for sending link test messages TCP keep alive or serial link status after the last received DNP message In the absence of an answer to the link test message the current connection will be terminated Configuration of the DNP3 Client Application Layer The configuration ...

Страница 128: ...ty Polling When Device Time out Runs the integrity polling when the outstation is operating in local mode not being accessible by the master Enabled Enabled Disabled Execute Integrity Polling on Event Buffer Overflow Runs the integrity polling after an overflow in outstation event queue indicated by EVENT_BUFER_OVERFLO W IIN bit Enabled Enabled Disabled Execute Integrity Polling When Device Become...

Страница 129: ...ry event with absolute time g04v03 Double bit binary event with relative time g10v00 Binary output default variation g10v01 Binary output in packed format g10v02 Binary output status with flags g20v00 Counter default variation g20v01 Counter 32 bits with flag g20v02 Counter 16 bits with flag g20v05 Counter 32 bits without flag g20v06 Counter 16 bits without flag g21v00 Frozen counter default varia...

Страница 130: ...put event 32 bitswith time g32v04 Analog input event 16 bits with time g32v05 Analog input event single precision floating point without time g32v07 Analog input event single precision floating point with time g40v00 Analog output status default variation g40v01 Analog output status 32 bit with flag g40v02 Analog output status 16 bit with flag g40v03 Analog output status single precision floating ...

Страница 131: ...example read 10 events Table 4 80 Qualifier Types in DNP3 Client Parameters Object Variation Allowed Qualifier g01v00 Binary input default variation g01v01 Binary input packed format g01v02 Binar input with flags All Range g02v00 Binary input event default variation g02v01 Binary input event without time g02v02 Binary input event with absolute time g02v03 Binary input event with relative time All ...

Страница 132: ...nalog input event single precision floating point with time All Counter g40v00 Analog output status default variation g40v01 Analog output status 32 bits with flag g40v02 Analog output status 16 btis with flag g40v03 Analog output status single precision floating point withflag All Range g60v01 Class 0 data g60v02 Class 1 data g60v03 Class 2 data g60v04 Class 3 data All Counter Table 4 81 Possible...

Страница 133: ...second request was made so the first request is canceled tINN ALL_STATIONS BOOL Indicates that was received a message from all stations CLASS_1_EVENTS BOOL Indicates that there are class 1 events in outstation queue to be reported CLASS_2_EVENTS BOOL Indicates that there are class 2 events in outstation queue to be reported CLASS_3_EVENTS BOOL Indicates that there are class 3 events in outstation ...

Страница 134: ...d for Digital Output The command for digital outputs are defined in the following function DNP3_BinaryCommand Block The input parameters and output parameters of function block to the digital outputs are shown in Table 4 83 and Table 4 84 Parameter Type Description bRequest BOOL When TRUE executes the command dwVariableAddr DWORD Variable address that will receive the command eCommand ENUM BYTE Co...

Страница 135: ...eries Module for example The modules have to support this functionality though If you use a bus expansion of Hadron Xtorm Series mixed to Nexto Series but the digital output module does not support this functionality the CPU returns the following error code DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED Command for o Analog Outputs The commands for analog outputs are defined in the following two function...

Страница 136: ...mand variable address to send eCommand ENUM BYTE Command sent DNP3_COMMAND_TYPE_SELECT 1 DNP3_COMMAND_TYPE_OPERATE 2 DNP3_COMMAND_TYPE_DIRECT_OPERATE 3 DNP3_COMMAND_TYPE_DIRECT_OPERATE_NO_ACK 4 rValue REAL Analog value to be written REAL udiCommandTimeOut UNSIGNED DOUBLE INT Time for timeout of this command Table 4 87 DNP3_AnalogCommandReal Block Input Parameters Parameter Type Description eExecSt...

Страница 137: ...ERROR_STATUS_INVALID_ADDRESS 8 DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_WRONG_TIMEOUT 9 DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_INVALID_VALUE 10 DNP3_COMMAND_ERROR_STATUS_UNINITIALIZED 11 Table 4 90 DNP3_ColdCommand Block Output Parameters Application example in ST The user sends the Select Before Operate command to an IED via DNP3 PROGRAM UserPrg VAR SendAnalogOutReal DNP3_AnalogCommandReal END_VAR SendAnalogOutReal dwVariab...

Страница 138: ...tside the acceptable range allowed for this point 65 REMOTE_TIMEOUT IED remote timeout 13 a 125 RESERVED Reserved for future use 126 NON_PARTICIPATING Code not implemented 127 UNDEFINED Request not accepted because of some other undefined reason Table 4 91 Status Code for DNP Commands DNP3 Ethernet Server This protocol is available for Hadron Xtorm Series CPUs in its Ethernet channels When you sel...

Страница 139: ... Table 4 92 DNP3 Server General Parameter Configuration The configuration of the DNP3 Server relations Figure 4 30 follow the parameters shown below Table 4 93 Figure 4 30 DNP3 Server Mapping Configuration Screen Configurations Description Default Possibilities Value Variable Symbolic variable name Variable name declared in a program or GVL Static Group and Default Variation Static data variation ...

Страница 140: ...e precision floating point without time g4v1 Double bit binary input event without time g4v2 Double bit binary input event with absolute time g4v3 Double bit binary input event with relative time None Event Class Event Class Configuration Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Index Index of the first DNP3 mapping point 0 to 65535 Size DNP3 data Size 1 to 86400000 Range Address range of the data set Dead...

Страница 141: ...n It must have the same type and size of the variable mapped on the Value Variable column New values of the dead band variable will be considered only when the analog input variable change its value Dead Band Type The following dead band settings are available Function Type Configurations Description Dead Band Type Disabled In this option any value variation in a group s point however small genera...

Страница 142: ...confirmation mode of the messages sent to the client Never Never Always Sometimes Maximum Retries Maximum message retransmission attempts 3 0 to 10 Confirmation Time out s Waiting time to send a new attempt 3 1 to 86400 Keep Alive s Waiting time to send link test messages after receiving the DNP message 10 1 to 86400 Table 4 95 DNP3 Server Link Layer Configuration Notes Address Outstation This fie...

Страница 143: ...sages Table 4 96 Link Layer Confirmation Types in DNP3 Server Parameters Maximum Retries Number of times that the DNP Server retransmits the message if it does not receive the client s confirmation Confirmation Time Out s Standby time to send a new attempt Keep Alive s Time interval for sending link test messages TCP keep alive or serial link status after the last received DNP message In the absen...

Страница 144: ...ses If this option is checked the DNP3 server will request the client a confirmation that the fragmented message was received TX Fragmented Length bytes Maximum length of the fragmented messages Confirmation Time out s The time that the server waits for the confirmation message Enable Time Synchronization If this option is checked the DNP3 Server will be able to request the client time synchroniza...

Страница 145: ...tempts 30 1 to 86400 Number of Class 1 Events Minimum number of events in class to trigger an unsolicited message 10 1 to 255 Number of Class 2 Events Minimum number of events in class to trigger an unsolicited message 10 1 to 255 Number of Class 3 Events Minimum number of events in class to trigger an unsolicited message 10 1 to 255 Hold Time After Class 1 Event Maximum time that an event can be ...

Страница 146: ... time that a class 1 event supports to be stored without being sent for an unsolicited message Hold Time After Class 2 Event Maximum time that a class 2 event supports to be stored without being sent for an unsolicited message Hold Time After Class 3 Event Maximum time that a class 3 event supports to be stored without being sent for an unsolicited message DNP3 Server Diagnostics The diagnostics a...

Страница 147: ...ands received by the DNP3 Server driver may have the following destinations Internal Points Output Module e g HX2320 Driver DNP3 Client Interception CommandReceiver function block The CPU only supports commands to freeze counters in a certain range of points if they are of internal type If this is not the case points redirected to an IED connected to a DNP3 Client driver for example the command wi...

Страница 148: ...eiver function block as described in section Interception of Commands from Control Center This feature allows the interception of selection and operation commands functions 3 4 5 and 6 of DNP3 protocol Below is shown an example of an application in ST It shows the interception of a command for a DNP3 point mapped to the variable Singlepoint PROGRAM UserPrg VAR bSetup BOOL TRUE CRReceive CommandRec...

Страница 149: ...sition Information As defined in item 7 3 1 5 of the IEC 60870 5 101 standard this 8 bit variable is composed of two fields Value defined by 7 bits least significant of the variable and Transiently defined as the most significant bit which indicates when the measured device is transitioning Below is the sample code for manipulating the fields in a variable of type USINT This code is not the input ...

Страница 150: ...ead band type Set the link layer parameters specifying the addressing the timeouts communication and the communication parameters Set the link layer parameters configuration of the synchronism commands as well as the transmission mode of Integrated Totals objects The following items describe each one of these settings General Parameters The general configuration of the DNP3 Server Figure 4 34 foll...

Страница 151: ...f a command is required a prior select or not False True False Short Pulse Set the short pulse time of the IEC 60870 5 104 digital command 1000 1 a 86400000 Long Pulse Set the long pulse time of the IEC 60870 5 104 digital command 2000 1 a 86400000 Table 4 103 IEC 60870 5 104 Server Mapping Configuration Notes Value Variable Name of the symbolic variable to be mapped When a reading command is sent...

Страница 152: ...t The integration interval is 1 second Table 4 104 Dead Band Types in IEC 60870 5 104 Server Parameters ATTENTION The dead band set to variables mapped in IEC 60870 5 104 Server is not applied when these points are derived from an IED through the DNP3 Client driver IEC 61850 GOOSE Subscriber etc because in these case the event detection occurs in the IED itself Short Pulse e Long Pulse To set the ...

Страница 153: ...t t3 s Period of time in seconds that will be sent a message to test if there is no link transmission by both sides 20 1 a 180 Parameter k APDUs Maximum number of data messages I Frame transmitted and uncommitted 12 1 a 12 Parameter w APDUs Maximum number of data messages I Frame received and unconfirmed 8 1 a 8 Table 4 105 IEC 60870 5 104 Server Link Layer Configuration Note The fields Time out t...

Страница 154: ... Synchronization If this option is checked the IEC 60870 5 104 Server will adjust the clock of the CPU when receiving a synchronization command ATTENTION When the time synchronization option is selected in more than one server parameter Enable Time Synchronization the times received at different servers will be overwritten on the system clock in a short space of time This may cause an undesirable ...

Страница 155: ... commands their utilization is not recommended to control data transmission mainly with redundant CPUs because such commands are not synchronized betweeen both redundant CPUs Instead of using multiple connections between client and Xtorm server it is suggested the utilization of NIC Teaming resource to supply redundant Ethernet channels physically and preserve the CPU resourses control centers by ...

Страница 156: ...nput Single Command C_SC_NA g10 Digital output Double Command C_DC_NA g10 Digital output Regulating Step Command C_RC_NA g10 Digital output Setting Point Command normalized Value C_SE_NA g40 Analog output Setting Point Command scaled Value C_SE_NB g40 Analog output Setting Point Command short floating point Value C_SE_NC g40 Analog output Table 4 110 Association of the IEC 60870 5 104 object types...

Страница 157: ...lient driver is able to execute only one command at a time That is while a command to a particular point is not finalized response or time out you cannot trigger a new command even to a different point Thus if a command is redirected from the IEC 60870 5 104 Server or DNP3 Server to an IED associated to a busy DNP3 Client driver it returns a negative confirmation message Commands Interception The ...

Страница 158: ...interception to be processed by the application otherwise it will return a negative acknowledgment failure message Requires command interception to be processed by the application otherwise it will return a negative acknowledgment failure message Tabela 4 111 IEC 60870 5 104 Server Commands Qualifier Notes Commands Interception For additional information about the interception of commands from IEC...

Страница 159: ...n points mapping for attributes of Logical Nodes Descriptions of each setting are listed below in this chapter IEC61850 Data Model Implementation The major difference of IEC 61850 as compared to other known protocols DNP3 MODBUS etc is in the data model used for communication In the IEC61850 the data are set as large symbolic data structures that represent a logical or physical element present on ...

Страница 160: ...Model Implementation For each instance of a Logical Node present in the IEC 61850 configuration it is created a Function Block corresponding type stored in the Logical Nodes folder This is necessary because each Logical Node can be customized by adding Objects and optional attributes As mentioned earlier each Attribute becomes a symbolic variable in the IEC 61131 3 programming environment The Tabl...

Страница 161: ...ut unknown 0 forward 1 backward 2 both 3 BSC ctlVal stop 0 lower 16384 higher 32768 reseved 16384 CMV angRef V 0 A 1 Other 2 CURVE setCharact ANSI Extremly Inverse 1 ANSI Very Inverse 2 ANSI Normal Inverse 3 ANSI Moderate Inverse 4 ANSI Definite Time 5 Long Time Extremely Inverse 6 Long Time Very Inverse 7 Long Time Inverse 8 IEC Normal Inverse 9 IEC Very Inverse 10 IEC Inverse 11 IEC Extremely In...

Страница 162: ...t represents the attribute stores only a reference to a table where in fact the string is Thus all attributes of STRING type have a _REF suffix This reference is actually the index to access a string table implemented in the GVL form There are totally 7 string tables separated by type GVL Name Table Description gaVisSTRING32 VISIBLE STRING32 gaVisSTRING64 VISIBLE STRING64 gaVisSTRING129 VISIBLE ST...

Страница 163: ...This screen is divided into two parts The right side shows the device current configuration On the left side is the list of available objects that can be added removed according to the object that was selected in the configuration The first step on this screen is to define the name of the Physical Device through the Server Name field It is recommended to use a specific name in accordance with the ...

Страница 164: ...upports only one Logical Device and its name can be changed through the Device Name field By default the Logical Device comes with two Logical Nodes that store settings and device information LLN0 and LPHD1 which cannot be removed From this point the user must include the Logical Nodes as needed for its project To instantiate new Logical Nodes simply select it from the list that appears on the lef...

Страница 165: ... the user can modify its prefix and its index through the fields Node Prefix and Logical Node Index In addition it is possible to add and remove optional Data Objects Similarly by clicking on a Data Object the user can add and remove optional Data Attributes Figure 4 44 Configuring Logical Nodes ...

Страница 166: ...set numbers only whose amount plus the prefix cannot exceed 07 characters Table 4 116 Database Parameters Configuration Notes The sum of the character size of fields Node Prefix and Logical Node Index must not exceed 12 characters The character limit of the path of an attribute defined by the sum of fields Device Name Node Prefix Logical Node Index as well as all separators defined in the standard...

Страница 167: ...tc are all stored in an entity called Report Control Block RCB The Reports configuration is performed via Report tab Figure 4 46 Configuring Reports The left side of the screen shows the RCBs list where there are also commands for creating and removing Reports On the right side are shown the RCB settings The Report operation principle is based on the transmission of information to the MMS Client w...

Страница 168: ...on parameter with the Report Enabled Enabled Disabled Send Data Reference If selected sends the Data Reference with the Report Enabled Enabled Disabled Send Dataset Name If selected sends the Dataset Name with the Report Enabled Enabled Disabled Send Reason for Inclusion If selected sends the Reason for Inclusion with the Report Enabled Enabled Disabled Send Sequence Number If selected sends the S...

Страница 169: ...ast addresses with no relation to the TCP IP layers The configuration of GOOSE messages to be transmitted by Xtorm RTU is done in GOOSE Publisher tab Figure 4 47 Setting the GOOSE Publisher Communication The GOOSE Control Block GCB stores the GOOSE message settings to be transmitted by the Xtorm RTU associated Dataset sending times etc The left side of the screen shows the GCBs list with the respe...

Страница 170: ...nsmitted by this GOOSE Control Block MAC Destination MAC address multicast 01 0C CD 01 00 00 01 0C CD 01 00 00 to 01 0C CD 01 01 FF APP ID Application identification number This number can be used to distinguish GOOSE messages sent from different parts of the automation system 0x0000 0x0000 a 0x3FFF Needs Commissioning Must be enabled by the user to indicate that the configuration of this GOOSE Co...

Страница 171: ...t of its Physical Devices and Logical Devices Click on a Logical Device and check the GOOSE messages list Control Blocks on the bottom of the screen Select the desired message and click OK The GOOSE Subscriber tab in the upper left corner shows the configured messages list to be received Figure 4 49 Setting the GOOSE Subscriber Communication ...

Страница 172: ...entation of Logical Nodes from data received from other communication protocols since the data types among protocols may not be fully compatible Figure 4 50 IEC 61850 Variable Mapping The IEC 61850 variables mapping configuration basically consists on a table with two columns one containing the variable that represents the Logical Node Attribute IEC 61850 Variable and the other containing the RTU ...

Страница 173: ...r udiDataChange UDINT Number of times was detected a change in the Dataset elements udiRetransmission UDINT Number of retransmissions of the GOOSE message is reset in case of Data Change udiTotal UDINT Total transmitted messages including the initial transmission and all retransmissions tGooseSubscription tGooseSubscription n bActive BOOL Indicates that this diagnostics structure is active uiAPPID...

Страница 174: ...he BlkOpn object XCBR Logical Node It results in SUCCESS to the IEC 61850 Client PROGRAM UserPrg VAR bSetup BOOL TRUE CRReceive CommandReceiver CComamnd COMMAND_T CRResult COMMAND_RESULT COMMAND_RESULT SUCCESS END_VAR IF bSetup THEN Executes setup routine in the first cycle CRReceive dwVariableAddr ADR gfbIEC61850_LogicalDevice XCBR1 fbBlkOpn Oper ctlVal CRReceive bExec TRUE CRReceive eCommandResu...

Страница 175: ...ple is exactly the same but takes into account the scan time ms set in the MODBUS relation not the cycle time of the MODBUS task For such cases the MODBUS task time cycle is specified as follows MODBUS RTU Master Cycle time of the task Minimum Scan Time ms configured in relations 5 If the cycle time of the task calculated according to the expression above is greater than the value set in the Commu...

Страница 176: ...specifically runs at every 50ms and just 1 run cycle of the driver is enough to process and respond requests However due to the fact it is a low priority task it may not be able to run with the same frequency as it depends on the percentage of free CPU and also on the competition with tasks of other protocols configured on the CPU The percentage aforementioned is given by the difference between th...

Страница 177: ...med Execution Time To find out the Execution Time of an application through the MasterTool Xtorm use the following path in the Device Devices Tree Device Application Task Configuration Monitor tab Average Cycle Time column Make sure the Cycle Time does not exceed 80 of the interval set in the MainTask For example in an application where the interval is 100 ms an appropriate Cycle Time is up to 80 ...

Страница 178: ...s it is described below User application execution Outputs Writing Inputs Reading Wait to complete the interval set for the MainTask ATTENTION Even if an I O point is used and updated in other tasks with the option Enable I O update per task it will continue to be updated in MainTask too except when all the module s I O points are used and updated in another task in this case will no longer be upd...

Страница 179: ...count the value set for the Time Zone Below are described the procedures used to configure the functions Functions for RTC Reading GetDateAndTime This function reads the date and time with return in milliseconds Input and Output Parameters Type Description DATEANDTIME EXTENDED_DATE_A ND_TIME Receives the date and time values with milliseconds See RTC Data Structure EXTENDED_DATE_AND_TIME Table 4 1...

Страница 180: ...the function reads the day of the week and fills the DAYS_OF_WEEK structure Example in ST PROGRAM UserPrg VAR DayOfWeek DAYS_OF_WEEK xRead BOOL END_VAR IF xRead TRUE THEN DayOfWeek GetDayOfWeek xRead FALSE END_IF GetTimeZone The GetTimeZone function reads the time zone settings Input and Output Parameters Type Description TIMEZONE TIMEZONESETTINGS Structure with the time zone value read from the C...

Страница 181: ...milliseconds See RTC Data Structure EXTENDED_DATE_AND_TIME Table 4 126 Input Parameters Output Parameters Type Description DONE BOOL This variable when true indicates the action was completed EXEC BOOL This variable when true indicates that the action is processing the values ERROR BOOL This variable when true indicates an error during the Writing STATUS RTC_CMD_STATUS Returns the error occurred d...

Страница 182: ...and so on There is one exception though If you write 0 the function does not return an error but converts the date to the closest previous date For example if you write the date 04 00 2014 the function will convert to 03 31 2014 SetTimeZone The SetTimeZone function writes the time zone settings Input Parameters Type Description TIMEZONE TIMEZONESETTINGS Structure with the time zone value to be con...

Страница 183: ...e Type Variable Description EXTENDED_DATE_ AND_TIME BYTE byDayOfMonth Stores the day of the month of set date BYTE ByMonth Stores the month of the set date WORD wYear Stores the year of the set date BYTE byHours Stores the hour of the set date BYTE byMinutes Stores the minutes of the set date BYTE bySeconds Stores the seconds of the set date WORD wMiliseconds Stores the milliseconds of the set dat...

Страница 184: ...NT iHour Hour of the set time zone INT iMinutes Minute of the set time zone Table 4 133 TIMEZONE SETTINGS Note Date and time of writing and reading functional blocks Do not use libraries other than LibPlcStandard containing function blocks or functions with access to date and time reading and writing Such library is the only one with appropriate interfaces for reading and writing the system date a...

Страница 185: ...ng transferred directly into the memory card ATTENTION In the case where the memory card is inserted after the CPU startup an username and password will be requested to perform the MasterTool Xtorm access and or file transfers to the memory card or vice versa The standard user with privileges to access the CPU is Owner and the default password for that user is Owner as well In order to perform a f...

Страница 186: ...t is necessary to transfer documents from the CPU to the PC in which the MasterTool Xtorm software is installed the user must follow a very similar procedure to the previously described as the file must be selected from the right column and the button pressed placed on the center of the screen Furthermore the user has some operation options in the storing files area New directory Creates a new fol...

Страница 187: ...he CPU takes a few minutes to execute the operation depending on the cycle time execution of the application which is running in the CPU Once the memory card is mounted the CPU will read general information from it leaving the memory card access slower in the first few minutes This is done only when the memory card is inserted or when the CPU is restarted ATTENTION It is recommended to format the ...

Страница 188: ...requested if the user tries to transfer the project from the CPU to the card To send the CPU to the memory card and vice versa first enable this function in the MasterTool IEC XE software and enter the password Then access the CPU Memory Card menu and by using the diagnostics key select the desired transference option If requested enter the password Then either short press the diagnostics key to i...

Страница 189: ...he access to the memory card is linked to the same memory screen in the MasterTool Xtorm software and it is built on the MemoryCard folder The Application and Backup directories are created inside the memory card every time it is inserted into the CPU If they already exist the system will recognize them and will not overwrite the folders Figure 4 57 Root Directory with Memory Card The file transfe...

Страница 190: ... CPU in Stop Mode or with no application the transfer rate approaches 100 Kbytes s ATTENTION MasterTool Xtorm has some reserved filenames that can not be transferred to the memory card Application app Application crc Archive prj Stdlogger csv Informative Menu and of CPU s Configuration The access to the Informative Menu and of Hadron Xtorm CPU s Configuration as well as the detailed access of diag...

Страница 191: ...Y Informative BACK Back Level MEMORY CARD UNMOUNT Configurable CPU MEMORY CARD CPU PASSWORD Configurable BACKUP Configurable FORMAT CONFIRM Configurable MEMORYCARD UCP CARD PASSWORD Configurable BACK Back Level BACK Back Level Table 4 134 CPU s Menu Levels Notes Memory Card The memory card will only be available in the menu if it is inserted in Hadron Xtorm CPU Password The access password to memo...

Страница 192: ...or version E g 1 0 0 0 CPU s redundancy menu access o SWITCH TO ACTIVE o SWITCH TO STANDBY Memory Card s data access o MEMORY CARD CPU Project transference from memory card to CPU o CPU MEMORY CARD Project transference from CPU to memory card o FORMAT Formats the memory card to FAT32 system o UNMOUNT Enables the secure removal of memory card o BACKUP Does a CPU s data backup on memory card The Fig...

Страница 193: ...te When such functional blocks are not used the update is performed at each MainTask cycle ATTENTION At the startup of a Hadron Series Xtorm CPU the in outputs are updated for reading only When MainTask runs then they are prepared for writing All other system tasks which run beforehand MainTask will have no valid in outputs REFRESH_INPUT This function is used to update the inputs of the specified ...

Страница 194: ...t is called to a module which outputs only If the option Always update variables is not selected it also returns an error I O Mapping module configuration screen Example in ST PROGRAM MainPrg VAR Info TYPE_RESULT byRackNumber BYTE bySlotNumber BYTE END_VAR ENTRADAS byRackNumber 0 bySlotNumber 10 FUNCTION Info REFRESH_INPUT byRackNumber bySlotNumber Function call Variable Info receives possible fun...

Страница 195: ...it also returns an error I O Mapping module configuration screen Example in ST PROGRAM UserPrg VAR Info TYPE_RESULT byRackNumber BYTE bySlotNumber BYTE END_VAR ENTRADAS byRackNumber 0 bySlotNumber 10 FUNCTION Function call Info REFRESH_OUTPUT byRackNumber bySlotNumber Variable Info receives possible function errors RetainTimer The time retain is a function block developed for applications as produ...

Страница 196: ... 4 62 depicts TOF_RET block and Figure 4 63 shows its graphic behavior Figure 4 62 TOF_RET Functional Block Input Parameters Type Description IN BOOL This variable when receives a falling edge enables the block counting PT TIME This variable specifies the block counting limit time delay Table 4 137 Input Parameters Output Parameters Type Description Q BOOL This variable executes a falling edge as ...

Страница 197: ... can be changed during the counting as the block takes the new value if the counting has not finished Figure 4 64 depicts the TON_RET function block and Figure 4 65 shows its graphic behavior Figure 4 64 TON_RET Function Block Input Parameters Type Description IN BOOL This variable when receives a rising edge enables the block counting PT TIME This variable specifies the block counting limit time ...

Страница 198: ...is TRUE otherwise it is FALSE The PT time can be changed during the counting as the block takes the new value if the counting has not finished Figure 4 66 depicts the TP_RET function block and Figure 4 67 shows its graphic behavior Figure 4 66 TP_RET Function Block Input Parameters Type Description IN BOOL This variable when receives a rising edge enables the function block counting PT TIME This v...

Страница 199: ...the redundant HX3040 CPU which need a timer in the non redundant program of a half cluster This timer does not use the IEC timer therefore it will not be synchronized in case the reserve half cluster assumes the active status and the active one goes into stand by The following three function blocks are available in the MasterTool Xtorm LibPlcStandard for adding libraries See Libraries TOF_NR The T...

Страница 200: ...figuration similar to the TON_RET function block except that it is not redundant nor retentive Figure 4 69 TON_NR Function Block Example in ST PROGRAM NonSkippedProg VAR bStart BOOL TON_NR TON_NR END_VAR When bStart TRUE starts the counting TON_NR IN bStart PT T 20S Actions performed at the end of the counting IF TON_NR Q TRUE THEN bStart FALSE END_IF TP_NR The TP_NR function block works as a trig...

Страница 201: ...ity of his log message USER_LOG_EVENT_DEBUG USER_LOG_EVENT_INFO USER_LOG_EVENT_WARN USER_LOG_MESSAGE Log message with a maximum of 150 characters USER_LOG_ERROR_CODES USER_LOG_OK The operation was successful USER_LOG_FAILED The operation did not run successfully The reason for the failure can be checked in the system log chapter Maintenance System Log USER_LOG_BUFFER_FULL Messages are being added ...

Страница 202: ...d in the CPU and when the CPU is initialized mentioned in chapter Configuration Memory Card After the operation the function will return the options for the USER_LOG_ERROR_CODES data type according to Table 4 143 When the return is different from USER_LOG_OK the message has not been registered and the UserLogAdd function must be run again with the desired message If there is a recurring write fail...

Страница 203: ...ACCEPT THEN sMessage Temperature above the expected sMessage concat sMessage REAL_TO_STRING m_rTemperature sMessage concat sMessage º eLogError UserLogAdd USER_LOG_EVENT_WARN sMessage eLogError variable will receive possible function errors END_IF Example of log file contents UserLog 201308271506245738 csv Model HX3040 Serial number 445627 Firmware version 1 1 0 12 27 08 2013 15 06 24 5738 WARN Te...

Страница 204: ... DIAG_RETENTIVITY_LOST 0 Clears Retentivity Loss diagnostics DIAG_QUEUE_OVERFLOW 1 Clears Event Queue Overflow diagnostics DIAG_QUEUE_CLEARED 2 Clears Clean Event Queue diagnostics Table 4 145 Description of actions of ClearRtuDiagnostic The next table describes the execution status of the function is presented in its output variable Name ENUM UDINT Description OK_SUCCESS 0 Operation success ERROR...

Страница 205: ...e members of this particular group Thus each user account is automatically provided with at least the default settings The Everyone group can not be deleted only renamed and its members can not be removed The project also features called Owner group that contains the user Owner Users can be added or removed from this group but at least one user must remain This group can not be deleted and always ...

Страница 206: ...t users are listed in a tree structure Through the Add or Edit commands you can display beside Name login the full name and the user description Each user s properties can be viewed or not are hidden through the plus and minus sign respectively Each user by default is member of the Everyone ...

Страница 207: ...his typing is also represented by asterisks Active This option active the user account making it valid When the account is not valid the user can not perform the logon The account is automatically disabled when they made repeated logon attempts with the wrong password Memberships this list lists all existing groups and the group Everyone it belongs to the new user automatically Selecting the respe...

Страница 208: ...nfirmation You can not delete all group members at least one must remain If you try this an error message will be shown Groups Figure 4 75 Project Settings Groups The available current groups are listed in a tree structure The members of each group can be viewed or not by the plus and minus sign respectively Remember that the member must be part of a group ...

Страница 209: ...e existing group select a group that would cause a group cycle an error message will be displayed To modify an existing group use the Edit button to open the Edit Group dialog The fields are the same as the Add Group dialog Figure 4 76 The password fields for security reasons produce 32 asterisks After changing the desired items close the dialog with OK to apply the new settings To remove one or m...

Страница 210: ...t set automatically but set to a default value that is usually the rights are guaranteed During project execution each right can be explicitly granted or denied and set back to the default The management of access rights is made in the Permissions dialog or to access rights to objects the Access Control dialog which is part of the Object Properties dialog The access rights to the objects are inher...

Страница 211: ... secondary objects in the project Objects In each category there are the specific actions that can be executed about the command user account group object type or design of the object These we have also just visual function Possible actions Execute command menu execution Create creation of a new object in the actual Add or remove children of an existent object Modify edition of an object in the ed...

Страница 212: ...ns Grant explicitly Deny explicitly Clear the rights guaranteed to a selected action in the window Actions will be excluded default Configuration will return UCP s User Management and Access Rights The HX3040 CPUs have a user permissions management system which blocks or allows certain actions for each group of users in the CPU To edit these rights in the CPU the user needs to access a project in ...

Страница 213: ...nt device can be pre defined by the description of this Also depends on the device description which settings can be edited in the configuration dialogs in programmer Just as the project user management users must be members of groups and user groups can only get certain access rights Using the Configuration Dialog Basically the treatment of online user management dialog is similar to the design o...

Страница 214: ...lect one or more items and confirm with OK In the Enter Password dialog type the password as defined in management so that the user account is imported into the specific user management device the name and password of the current user account selected can be modified The dialogue Edit User user name matches the dialogue Add User the current selected account will be excluded Groups the Add Group di...

Страница 215: ...tings can be printed or documented using the commands Print Archive menu and Document Project menu respectively Considerations of User and Groups Default In the current firmware versions there are another users Administrator e Everyone and the groups Administrator Developer Everyone Service and Watch Table 4 148 Users Groups Administrator Administrator Everyone Developer Everyone Service Watch Tab...

Страница 216: ... Save to Disk thus saving the current configuration to a file In the new XTorm UCP or the updated UCP execute the commando Load from Disk and select the previously generated file finally execute the command Download to Device thus sending the settings to the CPU Access Rights This dialogue is provided on a Device dialog tab Device Editor It is part of the Online Users Management and serves to gran...

Страница 217: ...ke them to be uploaded to the device or stored in a rechargeable file Setting Access Permissions To set permissions to execute an action in one or more objects select them above the desired action in Action window Then select the desired group in the window Permissions and click on Grant or Deny button also in Permissions window See the following description of specific dialogs Actions This part o...

Страница 218: ...ects and the desired group Actions and Permissions window one of the following buttons can be used explicitly granted access permission explicitly denied access permission the right of access granted to the shares currently selected in the Actions window will be deleted i e it returns to the default Applying and Storing the Current Configuration See the respective buttons on the top bar of the dia...

Страница 219: ...nfiguration 218 In the new UCP Xtorm or updated CPU run the command Load from Disk and selecting the file generated before eventually execute command Download to Device thus sending the settings for the CPU ...

Страница 220: ... offered by each language resulting in more efficient applications development for easy documentation and future maintenance Memory Organization and Access Hadron Xtorm Series uses an innovative memory organization and access feature called big endian where the most significant byte is stored first and will always be the smallest address e g QB0 will always be more significant than QB1 as in Table...

Страница 221: ... QB02 QW02 QW02 QD02 QX2 6 QX2 5 LSB QX2 4 QB02 QX2 3 QX2 2 QX2 1 QX2 0 QX3 7 QB03 QW03 QD03 QX3 6 QX3 5 QX3 4 QB03 QX3 3 QX3 2 QX3 1 QX3 0 QX4 7 QB04 QW04 QD04 QW04 QD04 QX4 6 QX4 5 QX4 4 QB04 QX4 3 QX4 2 QX4 1 QX4 0 QX5 7 QB05 QW05 QX5 6 QX5 5 QX5 4 QB05 HSB QX5 3 QX5 2 QX5 1 QX5 0 QX6 7 QB06 QW6 QW06 QX6 6 QX6 5 QX6 4 QB06 LSB QX6 3 QX6 2 QX6 1 QX6 0 QX7 7 QB07 QX7 6 QX7 5 QX7 4 QB07 QX7 3 QX7 ...

Страница 222: ... user to apply always the simplest profile that meets his application needs migrating to another profile more sophisticated only when the correspondent rules are bringing more problems than helping It is important to stress that the programming tool allows the profile change from an existent project but it is up to the developer to adjust what is necessary to guarantee the project compatibility wi...

Страница 223: ...g and EngineeringPrg which must keep their names MainPrg AlarmPrg and EngineeringPrg cannot be edited Besides the real time tasks with 00 to 15 priorities which are scaled by priority this profile also allows the tasks definition with smaller priorities smaller from 16 to 31 Within Custom the user can generate some tasks that are not present in Profile for RTU CyclicTask00 and CyclicTask01 These t...

Страница 224: ...whe eling Table 5 4 Tasks in the Customized Profile ATTENTION The suggested names for the POUs associated to the tasks are not consisted in any profile They can be replaced as long as they are also replaced in the tasks configurations New Project As previously described there are different types of project profiles depending on the technical knowledge of each user This chapter describes the creati...

Страница 225: ...e computer Click on OK to proceed or Cancel Figure 5 2 Project Classification Next select the desired CPU the basic hardware modules that form the bus that is the model of both backplane rack and power supply and the redundancy configuration The example below uses a HX3040 CPU without redundancy a HX9001 backplane rack and a HX8320 power supply without redundancy ...

Страница 226: ...g Redundancy the system automatically selects the option for power supply redundancy Notice that projects with CPU redundancy necessarily request power supply redundancy Figure 5 4 exhibits the screen with this option selected Figure 5 4 Project Options CPU Redundancy ...

Страница 227: ...rogramming 226 On the next screen choose the number of modules to be used in the project Then the wizard will automatically create the objects of these modules within the project Figure 5 5 Options of I O Modules ...

Страница 228: ...e profile and the default language for POUs programs The example below shows RTU profile without redundancy and ST language Click Next to continue or Cancel to abort the creation of project Figure 5 6 Features Selection of the Project Profile ...

Страница 229: ...tarts the creation of the project development environment This procedure may take a few seconds Adding Modules By default the CPU and the hardware modules selected at the moment of project creation are already inserted in the system configuration The user may include the other modules if necessary Xtorm CPU supports up to 64 input output modules distributed in 9 racks For further information see C...

Страница 230: ...Initial Programming 229 Figure 5 8 Library Visualization Then select the module to be inserted and drag it to the bus configuration area by pressing the left button of the mouse Figure 5 9 Adding Modules ...

Страница 231: ...ugh a selected profile some POUs are already created It is possible to create more POUs up to the maximum limit of the program memory size To insert a new POU click on Application default name created for the application select Add Object and finally POU Figure 5 10 Figure 5 10 Inserting POUs A configuration window will pop up on the screen Name the POU and select the type language to be implement...

Страница 232: ... Classification To edit a POU select the tab with the correspondent name and start the application development in the chosen language The same procedure is valid for the POUs created automatically by the project profile Figure 5 12 POU Editing ...

Страница 233: ...fferent rates aims to reach the demand for process under control answer time and optimize the CPU processing capacity The controllers that use tasks are called multitask systems The Custom profile is the only one which allows the creation of new tasks For other profiles the tasks are automatically created and configured To include a new task if the selected profile allows it click Task Configurati...

Страница 234: ...receives a rising edge in other words the variable value goes from FALSE to TRUE External the task is executed when an external event occurs It is configured in the side field Freewheeling the task is always executed according to its priority in other words tasks with higher priority are executed first Status the task is executed when the BOOL variable configured in the side field is true Besides ...

Страница 235: ...nd maximum limits of the task cycle time Interval in all cyclic tasks during the compilation It is important to highlight that the user will have to be careful when changing the pre defined values by the project profiles as in this way it may put in risk the system execution So it is recommended to use the default values with the watchdog configured at 1000 ms Figure 5 15 Configuring the Created T...

Страница 236: ...ar where you must select the desired POU Figure 5 16 Figure 5 16 Connecting POUs to Tasks You can also call a POU from another POU which is already instantiated in the program See the example below where POU_Test is called inside the area intended to code of UserPrg POU POU_Test Maximum Number of Tasks The maximum number of tasks the user can create is only defined for the Custom profile the only ...

Страница 237: ...edundant RTU profile the user may create also the ProtTask thus getting up to 2 cyclic tasks NET n Client or Server Instances n represents the Ethernet interface The maximum value defined by system Ethernet interfaces including the expansion modules when these are applied E g MODBUS protocol instances COM n Master or Slave Instances n represents the serial interface number Even with expansion modu...

Страница 238: ...the required fields as described in the CPU chapter Figure 5 17 CPU Configuration Besides that for the communication between the CPU and the MasterTool Xtorm to be possible the Ethernet NET 1 interface must be configured as described in Ethernet Interfaces Configuration NET 1 By a double click on the CPU NET 1 icon in the devices tree a new tab appears for the configuration of the communication ne...

Страница 239: ...user quits the project sending Figure 5 19 IP Configuration Warning Libraries There are several programming tool resources which are available through libraries These libraries must be inserted in the project so its utilization becomes possible The insertion procedure is rather simple select Library Manager Devices menu treeview and then Add Library as shown in Figure 5 20 Figure 5 20 Inclusion of...

Страница 240: ...nstance see Protocols Configuration Two cases of MODBUS protocol insertion are described below one in the serial interface and the other in the Ethernet interface RTU MODBUS The first step to configure MODBUS RTU in slave mode is to include the instance in the desired COM COM 1 in this case Click with the right button over COM and select Add Device as shown in Figure 5 21 Figure 5 21 Adding an Ins...

Страница 241: ...240 After that the available protocols for the user will appear on the screen Select MODBUS Slave expands the options tree select the device and click Add Device as depicted in Figure 5 22 Figure 5 22 Selecting the Protocol ...

Страница 242: ...re the MODBUS Ethernet in client mode is to include the instance in the desired NET in this case NET 1 as the CPU HX3040 presents six Ethernet interfaces Click with the right button over NET and select Add Device as shown in Figure 5 23 Figure 5 23 Adding the Instance ...

Страница 243: ...42 After that the available protocols for the user will appear on the screen Select MODBUS MODBUS Ethernet MODBUS Client MODBUS Symbol Client and click Add Device as depicted in Figure 5 24 Figure 5 24 Selecting the Protocol ...

Страница 244: ...to configure DNP3 in server mode is to include the instance in the desired NET in this case NET 1 as the CPU HX3040 presents six Ethernet interfaces Click with the right button over NET and select Add Device as shown in Figure 5 25 Figure 5 25 Adding DNP3 ...

Страница 245: ...ming 244 After that the available protocols for the user will appear on the screen Select DNP3 DNP3Ethernet DNP3 Server DNP3 Server and click Add Device as depicted in Figure 5 26 Figure 5 26 Selecting the DNP3 Protocol ...

Страница 246: ...nfigure IEC 60870 5 104 in server mode is to include the instance in the desired NET in this case NET 1 as the CPU HX3040 presents six Ethernet interfaces Click with the right button over NET and select Add Device as shown in Figure 5 27 Figure 5 27 Adding IEC 60870 5 104 ...

Страница 247: ...s there is the possibility of more than one CPU to be connected to the network the user must find all communication units and select the desired one Initially double click Device in the device tree and select the Gateway on the Communications Settings tab If there is no Gateway or in case you want to add a new one click Add Gateway and set its IP For mapping the network available devices click Sca...

Страница 248: ...nfiguration software to which CPU it should communicate with and send the project Figure 5 30 Activating the CPU If necessary change the device default name For that click with the right mouse button on the desired device and select Change Node Name Notice that after a name change the device will not return to the default name under any circumstances ...

Страница 249: ...on and application edition To perform such procedure access the Build menu and click on Build as shown in Figure 5 31 Figure 5 31 Compiling the Project After the processing time which varies according the user application size the screen displays the errors and alarm messages in case they are needed Figure 5 32 Figure 5 32 Compilation Messages PS If the errors and messages are not visible on the s...

Страница 250: ...errors the project must be sent to the CPU For that to be possible you have to perform the Login operation in the MasterTool Xtorm software This operation may take a few seconds depending on the size of the generated file To execute the Login go to Online menu and click Login as shown in Figure 5 34 Figure 5 34 Sending the Project to the CPU ...

Страница 251: ... already been done Login without Any Change Executes the login without sending the new project ATTENTION When the Login with online change is executed the application will not be saved to the program You must run the command Create Boot Application in the Communication menu without logging out so that the application is recorded in the program memory Figure 5 35 CPU Project Updating Figure 5 36 sh...

Страница 252: ...ess Debug and click Start as shown in Figure 5 38 Figure 5 38 Starting the Application Figure 5 39 shows the application running In case the POU tab is selected the created variables are listed on a monitoring window in which the values can be forced and visualized by the user In case the variables are forced through the F7 command on the keyboard the CPU will indicate this condition on the graphi...

Страница 253: ...n already internally stored it automatically goes to Run Mode without the need for a MasterTool Xtorm command Stop Mode In order to discontinue the CPU execution without losing the connection with the MasterTool Xtorm software select Stop Debug menu as shown in Figure 5 40 Figure 5 40 Stopping the Application ...

Страница 254: ...ariables forcing can be done in the CPU only in the Online mode Diagnostic variables cannot be forced only written because the CPU provides diagnostics that should be able to be overwritten When a forced writing is done into a redundant variable of the Active CPU the MainTask execution time will be impacted in both Active and Stand by CPUs This occurs because both CPUs will exchange information ab...

Страница 255: ...river Functionality Field Source Fields HX3040 Grouping of Events Variable Name Excessive Delay Alarm MODBUS device of the MODBUS Client Mappings Variable Name Quality MODBUS device of the MODBUS Master Mappings Variable Name Quality Outstation of the DNP3 Client Mappings Variable Name Quality I O Module Bus I O Mapping Variable Table 5 8 Variables Used in Several Sources Logout In case you decide...

Страница 256: ...variables Diagnostics Explorer Query and event grouping Other functions that access the CPU hardware For this reason the simulation mode has to be used to test the application logic regardless of the access functions to the hardware These resources should be tested with the hardware to ensure the application functioning In order to switch the MasterTool Xtorm to Simulation Mode select this option ...

Страница 257: ...ation development using the MasterTool Xtorm and the Hadron Xtorm Series resources it is recommended to use symbolic variables In this case the differences between the Simulation Mode and the Hadron Xtorm Series CPUs behavior are not checked Therefore the best practice is to avoid the use of variables of direct representation whenever it is possible to avoid reworking when developing a logic that ...

Страница 258: ...257 Figure 5 43 Project Upload Then select the desired CPU and click OK as shown in Figure 5 44 Figure 5 44 CPU Selection ATTENTION The memory size area to store a project in Hadron Xtorm CPUs is defined in Specific Features ...

Страница 259: ...us presents some specific behaviors which are described below The hot swap of any module is not supported The module will have no parameter in case there is of hot swap in Breakpoint The diagnosis of all modules will be kept frozen in the application The diagnostic button of the modules is unavailable so there is no harm if the user presses it Exception When a CPU is in Exception it indicates that...

Страница 260: ...mmand IEC 60870 5 104 This reset process command can be requested by the IEC 60870 5 104 clients After responding to the client the CPU enters a reboot procedure like a power on cycle In the case of redundant CPUs the reset process command is synchronized with the Non Active CPU resulting in the restart of the two CPUs The IEC 60870 5 104 standard provides a qualifier value 0 255 with the reset pr...

Страница 261: ...ease failure tolerance and consequently increase the availability of automation systems The basic idea is to ensure that no simple failure in duplicated components causes an interruption in the process control The hot standby redundancy is applied on Energy Generation Plants Substations Each CPU can have one or more network protocols configured to provide a communication with the control center In...

Страница 262: ...net interfaces To implement this procedure see Ethernet Interfaces Configuration Optionally instantiate DNP and MODBUS protocols The settings for each protocol can be found in their respective sections The descriptions of each configuration are described in the following sections of this chapter Identification of a HX3040 CPU Throughout this manual the pair of redundant CPUs will be stated as CPUA...

Страница 263: ...MasterTool Xtorm or from a SCADA system through the RTU local or remote Commands generated by the user application e g Ethernet communication failure through the RTU local or remote Switchover time Up to three cycles from the MainTask depending on the stimulus for state change command or failure No discontinuities switchover bump less A switchover does not cause discontinuities in the controller o...

Страница 264: ...d Private IP addresses for CPUA and CPUB In order to obtain specific diagnostics of a CPU it is possible for the user to connect to a specific CPU A or B using its private IP address for instance For that the user should use the Web interface or the MasterTool programming tool It is only possible to check the diagnostics associated to communication protocols in the active CPU Active IP Name of a s...

Страница 265: ... can present two tasks MainTask and ProtTask both cyclic The next item is optional and is created by the Wizard The user can adjust the task cycle time MainPrg Program The MainTask is connected to a single POU program type called MainPrg The MainPrg program is created automatically The following code refers to the MainPrg in ST language IF isFirstCycle THEN StartPrg isFirstCycle FALSE ELSE NonSkip...

Страница 266: ...ntemplated by default by the redundant CPU that is they can vary from user to user E g a given user will be able to execute a switchover to the Stand by CPU if the Active CPU is not in communication with the SCADA system As for other user for instance one would not whish a switchover on this situation Other activities which for some reason need to be executed in both the Active CPU and the Standby...

Страница 267: ... of each MainTask cycle through the CPU sync channels On the other hand non redundant variables are not copied between CPUs and therefore may have different values in the both CPUs Active and Non Active The non redundant variables are used to store private information of each CPU CPUA and CPUB such as diagnostic communication drivers and diagnostic CPU including diagnostics redundancy redundancy s...

Страница 268: ...case they are created will be considered non redundant When declared in POUs of function block type In order to allocate memory the mere declaration of a function block is not enough but its instantiation Note that function blocks instances when declared inside POUs of program type or inside GVLs behave as symbolic variables in other words they allocate redundant memory As the symbolic variables w...

Страница 269: ...ndbyRemote field corresponds to a command which must be executed in the remote CPU RedCmdRem It is a RedCmdLoc CPU s copy received through the redundant synchronism channels It is used only for visualization or information purposes RedUsrLoc It contains 128 data bytes freely filled by the user e g communication diagnostics with a SCADA system These 128 data bytes can be interchanged with the Remot...

Страница 270: ...ect Synchronization replaces the new CPU program ATTENTION The synchronization of the event queue is always performed for all event contained in it whether these events were generated from redundant or non redundant variables ATTENTION The redundant forcing list contains only information about redundant variables In each one of the CPUs A and B there may be a different forcing list of non redundan...

Страница 271: ...l also avoid the Non Active CPU to take over later states than Starting in case the CRC is different or some Online Change is to be executed in the Active CPU ATTENTION Project synchronization will effect as a download in the Non Active CPU Redundant Ethernet Networks with NIC Teaming Each CPU may have one or more network protocols configured for communication with the control center Figure 6 2 Re...

Страница 272: ...Ts In this method there is an IP for the Active CPU and two more IPs one for the CPUA and another for the CPUB In the redundant HX3040 CPU NETs the Active IP address is related to the Active CPU interface The MODBUS communication protocol both client and server use the local IP of the CPU On the other hand the DNP3 protocol uses the Active IP to communicate As for the communication with the Master...

Страница 273: ...dant CPU see Transition between Redundancy States which also describes the states machine and the transition causes among them Non Configured State This is the initial redundancy state The CPU is in this state when The CPU is OFF convention Before starting the MainTask Before there is a switch into the Starting state In case there is a restart through commands like Reset warm Reset cold or Reset o...

Страница 274: ...th CPUs The CPU checks if the projects from both CPUs are equal In case the other CPU is in Active mode the current state analyses the possibility of establishing a passive communication through the local bus of the modules The passive mode is used to test the transmission and reception circuits and the physical layer to avoid hidden flaws In case the other CPU is in unknown state due to failures ...

Страница 275: ...the Active CPU After the Active CPU toggles to Stand by and vice versa you can switch it from Stand by to Inactive using the correspondent command Thus it is possible to carry out the scheduled maintenance in Inactive state Request a switch from Non Configured to the Starting state so as to repair flaws that caused the Non Configured situation When in Starting state normally the CPU toggles to Sta...

Страница 276: ...PU display cause transitions However there are alternative internal commands which are the derived from this CPU or the other CPU via redundancy internal link For further details see Diagnostics Commands and User Data Structure Although these alternative commands are not mentioned in the following subsections be aware that they can cause the same transitions as the commands which are available in ...

Страница 277: ...he process The RUN STOP states of the application are different from the Active CPU For some failure reason the CPU did not synchronized these application states to the other Active CPU Transition 5 Starting to Active The other CPU is in Non Active state Before making this transition this condition must remain true for some time When CPUA and CPUB are energized simultaneously the CPU that first fi...

Страница 278: ...rposes on the Non Active CPU Avoid doing scheduled maintenance on the Stand by CPU if necessary though switch it into Inactive state The other CPU is in Active state However the synchronization service of redundant data did not work properly in the last three MainTask cycles Transition 13 Stand by to Active The status of the other CPU is unknown due to failures on the redundancy internal link or t...

Страница 279: ... in RedCmdLocal using the RedCmdLocal data structures to carry an equivalent command to the one placed on the CPU display This would be a fully automatic solution that would dismiss any intervention by the operator and it would typically be implemented in UserPrg POU Through data structures such as those previously cited Diagnostics Commands and User Data Structure you can exchange diagnostics and...

Страница 280: ...olerates eventual failures avoiding interruptions In redundant architectures it would be necessary a failure in both components to make the system unavailable 3 High diagnostic coverage especially redundant components The redundancy of components is hardly useful for increasing availability when it is not possible find out which redundant component has failed In this case the first failure in one ...

Страница 281: ...en I O module Although there is no projection of I O modules redundancy the user application can manage it in special cases For example the user can enter three modules of different analog inputs and implement a voting scheme between trios of analog inputs to any critical system However such solutions as emphasized should be managed by the user There is no automated support for it Such solutions g...

Страница 282: ...operating system I O drivers etc The percentage of this gap may vary according to the required performance of such other tasks For example if the MODBUS communication with the SCADA system needs to allocate a lot of processing to achieve satisfactory performance the gap should be increased The time required to perform the protection POUs NonSkippedProtPrg and UserProtPrg when they are used As Prot...

Страница 283: ...undant project click File New Project and then select MasterTool Standard Project Initially enter the project name and the directory where you want to store it as shown in Figure 6 5 Figure 6 5 New Project Next the Wizard that generates the redundancy project prompts some information regarding the desired settings ...

Страница 284: ...e user Select the rack model There are two options of racks available the choice depends on the number of used modules Select the power supply model Select the CPU redundancy configuration Select the redundancy configuration of the power supply this type of configuration for the power supply does not depend on the CPU redundancy configuration Figure 6 6 Hardware Initial Configuration ...

Страница 285: ...d types of the application I Os Select the quantity of digital input points Select the quantity of digital output points Select the quantity of V I analog input points Select the quantity of RTD analog input points Figure 6 7 I O Points Configuration ...

Страница 286: ...nguage for the program creation Select the project profile RTU Profile only Select the default language for all programs The chosen language applies to all programs but it is possible to use any other language for a specific POU Figure 6 8 Project Profile and Default Language ...

Страница 287: ...ndant POUs Such units cannot be written in SFC language since it uses the IEC timer as background For more information see Limitations in the Programming of a Redundant CPU ATTENTION The MainPrg POU will always be automatically generated in ST language and it cannot be changed by the user This POU calls UserPrg only in Active CPU and NonSkippedPrg both CPUs Equivalently ProtPrg when requested by t...

Страница 288: ...lected rack install the following modules Redundant power supply positions 0 and 1 Redundant HX3040 CPU positions 2 and 3 I O Modules from position 4 on Do not remove these modules from the original project generated by the Wizard Any different configuration in such positions will result in an error notified by the MasterTool when compiling the project HX3040 CPU Ethernet Ports Configuration NET 1...

Страница 289: ...ectively control the process noting the response times of all control loops The interval must be high enough to accommodate at least the sum of the two following times o The maximum runtime of NonSkippedPrg and UserPrg together o The time required to manage redundancy redundancy overhead In addition the interval must have an additional clearance necessary for that other processes have time to run ...

Страница 290: ...am NonSkippedPrg Program This POU is intended for controls that must be performed on both CPUs CPUA and CPUB regardless of their state redundancy This POU is called by the main POU MainPrg Notice that all symbolic variables and function blocks instances defined in NonSkippedPrg will be non redundant variables The user can also create additional POUs program function or function block and call them...

Страница 291: ...ring the project compilation To correct the name of a variable declared automatically follow the model exemplified above according to the device and the request to which it belongs By sending a project to the CPU and putting it in Execution through GVL Disables the user can monitor and change the values of the disabling variables If the variable value is TRUE it means that the request to which the...

Страница 292: ...0 T_DIAG_HX6020_1 DG_HX8320 T_DIAG_HX8320_1 END_VAR By sending an application to the HX3040 CPU and putting it in Execution through GVL Module_Diagnostics you can monitor the diagnostics of each module that was added to the project Figure 6 12 Figure 6 12 GVL Modules_Diagnostic in Online Mode Qualities GVL The Qualities GVL declares the quality variables of the internal variables mappings MODBUS M...

Страница 293: ...delete or change some variable the system generates an error during the project compilation To correct the name of a variable declared automatically follow the model exemplified above according to the device and mappings to which it belongs The Table 4 14 indicates the behavior of quality variables in communication devices ATTENTION If a variable of a DNP3 Client or MODBUS Master Client of symboli...

Страница 294: ...iagnostic Variables in the device requisitions tab The declaration of such variables follows the subsequent structure Variable declaration of request diagnostic Device name _REQDG_ Request number Variable type Where Device name Name displayed in the TreeView for the device Request number Request number declared in the request device table ordered from top to bottom starting in 0001 Variable type T...

Страница 295: ...r change the variables automatically declared as they might be in use by a MODBUS device If you delete or change some variable the system generates an error during the project compilation To correct the name of a variable declared automatically follow the model exemplified above according to the device and requests to which it belongs By sending an application to the HX3040 CPU and putting it in E...

Страница 296: ...es of the CPU and MODBUS communication devices IEC 6185 Server and DNP3 Client as well Figure 6 15 Figure 6 15 GVL System_Diagnostics in Online Mode ProtTask Configurations The ProtTask is responsible for running a single programming unit of Program type ProtPrg Such POU can call other programming units and it can run the project protection routines ProtTask is a cyclic task with priority set as 1...

Страница 297: ... CPU if the other one is outside the bus or it is in Inactive state MasterTool blocks the operation if it meets this condition Limitations in the Programming of a Redundant CPU Redundant CPUs present some limitations regarding the programming The following subsections discuss such restrictions Limitations in GVLs and Redundant POUs For GVLs or redundant program POUs make sure to attend the followi...

Страница 298: ...cs are not exchanged between the CPUs For example if you want to know the link status of the Ethernet ports of the other CPU in the program use the available bytes in the user data structure of the redundancy diagnostics See User Information Exchanged among CPUA and CPUB Programs Load in a Redundant CPU The Redundant CPU Programming section dealt with issues related to the project development of a...

Страница 299: ...e This procedure allows to directly connecting the MasterTool Xtorm software PC to the CPU thus avoiding IP addresses conflicts When loading the project into the CPU one of the following steps will be update the definitive IP address of the CPU see HX3040 CPU Ethernet Ports Configuration Step 4 Prepare Connection to MasterTool Set Active Path Double click the Device HX3040 in the device tree and a...

Страница 300: ...the user must double click on the Device HX3040 in the device tree enter the tab Communication Settings click on the Gateway and press the button Map Network to list all PLCs detected by MasterTool on the network In this list the user can find the following default IDs if the CPU name on the network has not been changed previously by the user 3 HX3040_ IP address _PLCA CPUA identification In this ...

Страница 301: ...ns in a project cannot be loaded in a redundant system without interrupting the process control Add or remove devices in the device tree for example o I O modules o Instances of communication protocols such as MODBUS DNP3 etc Modification of device parameters in the device tree for example o IP addresses and other parameters of Ethernet interfaces o Parameters of I O modules o Instantiated protoco...

Страница 302: ...a situation is acceptable in certain types of cases and during process shutdown An offline load of this type must be made by connecting the MasterTool to Active CPU NET 1 channel using the unique address of the CPU in the active state CPUx IP address Before starting an offline loading on the Active CPU the user must pass the Standby CPU to the Inactive State If this is not done the MasterTool will...

Страница 303: ...e described in Redundant CPU States is seen in the three characters that start from the second row of the main screen as shown in the chapter Maintenance Graphic Display The screen is presented after the initialization of the CPU and a few seconds after any navigation without pushing the HX3040 CPU button Screens Below the Redundancy Menu There is a menu called REDUNDANCY below which there are som...

Страница 304: ...TION The diagnosis DG_HX3040_01 RedDgnLoc sGeneral_Diag bExchangeSync defined next should be tested to see if the RedDgnRem data structure has been read successfully from remote CPU in the last cycle of MainTask If the value of this diagnosis is FALSE this means that the RedDgnRem data structure was not read successfully from remote CPU and therefore the RedDgnRem values may be invalid or outdated...

Страница 305: ...ication project of this CPU is equal to that of another CPU bProjectArchiveDiff BOOL TRUE The Project archive of this CPU is different from that one present on another CPU FALSE The Project archive of this CPU is equal to that of another CPU bOnlineChangeApply BOOL TRUE An online change in the application was held and this has not yet been synchronized with the Standby CPU FALSE No online changes ...

Страница 306: ... this CPU Such failures are handled differently FALSE No internal failure bLinkDownFailure BOOL TRUE There is no link between the CPUs FALSE The link is operational bTimeoutFailure BOOL TRUE This fault is reported if a synchronization service has not completed successfully until a time out specified and have not been found faults of type bInternalFailure or bLinkDownFailure that would justify this...

Страница 307: ...failed STR_NO_COMM_OTHER_C PU_AND_BUS_IDLE 204 This CPU is unable to communicate with the other CPU via redundant link and the BUS is idle Booting to Active this CPU is unable to communicate with the other CPU via redundancy channel and the bus is stopped STR_NO_COMM_OTHER_C PU_AND_BUS_BUSY 205 This CPU is unable to communicate with the other CPU via redundant link and the BUS is busy Booting to I...

Страница 308: ... to Inactive state exchange command via local diagnosis bit INA_REMOTE_CPU_USER_ CMD 402 User state change requested via remote diagnostic command bit Other States to Inactive State Exchange Command via remote diagnosis bit INA_LCD_MENU_USER_CM D 403 User state change requested via LCD menu Other States to Inactive state Exchange Control via LCD menu ACT_LINK_WITH_INTERNA L_FAILURE 501 Redundancy ...

Страница 309: ...StandbyRemote must be set to 1 in the local CPU ATTENTION If the diagnosis DG_HX3040_01 RedDgnLoc RedundancyDiagnostics bExchangeSync is indicating failure in Diagnostics and Commands Exchange service a command with Remote suffix cannot be passed to the remote CPU and therefore will not run To trigger a command the corresponding bit in RedCmdLoc must be set This can be done by a SCADA system makin...

Страница 310: ...PU FALSE The reset command of the statistics of A B sync channels on remote CPU was not triggered Table 6 7 Redundancy Commands User Information Exchanged among CPUA and CPUB The Diagnostics and Commands Exchange synchronization service exchange the following data structures between the two CPUs in each cycle of MainTask using A B sync channels Redundancy Diagnostics RedDgnLoc and RedDgnRem alread...

Страница 311: ...vent For example in the case of Redundancy State exchange from Standby to Active an entry is generated in the log indicating that there was a state exchange Standby to Active To access this screen the user must double click on the device HX3040 in the device tree and then select the tab Log There is a filter that allows the user to select only the component Redundancy Management in order to displa...

Страница 312: ...ess to the operation state and active diagnostics The diagnostics are also directly stored in the CPU symbolic variables and can be used by the user application presentation in a supervisory system for example The last ones provide specific conditions of the system functioning These diagnostics aim to point eventual problems regarding the installation or configuration of the system as well as comm...

Страница 313: ...m software according to IEC 61131 3 standard in other words the name which was attributed to the CPU After that all diagnostics are shown through CPU display messages This process is executed twice on display Everything occurs automatically The user only has to execute the first short touch and the CPU is responsible to show the diagnostics The diagnostics of other modules present on the bus are a...

Страница 314: ... in the navigation menu See Informative Menu and of CPU s Configuration Table 7 1 shows the difference between the touch times short long and stuck button Touch Minimum time Maximum time Indication condition No touch 59 99 ms Short touch 60 ms 0 99 s Release Long touch 1 s 20 s Higher than 1s up to 20 s Locked Switch 20 01 s Diagnostics indication see Table 7 4 Table 7 1 Tempo de One Touch The dia...

Страница 315: ... On Red Application stopped Stop Mode 4 Lower Blinking 1x Red Software watchdog User application watchdog 1 Blinking 4x Red Configuration or hardware error in the bus The bus is damaged or is not properly configured 0 Higher Table 7 2 Description of the Diagnostic LEDs States Note Software Watchdog In order to remove the watchdog indication reset the application or turn the CPU and on again This w...

Страница 316: ...ere is no application on the CPU this page displays a configuration with the largest available rack plus a standard power supply along with the connected CPU When the Rack visualization is used the modules with diagnostics start blinking and get a red color Figure 7 4 Otherwise it displays a list with the system connected modules corresponding Tags and number of the active diagnostics ...

Страница 317: ...of diagnostics and the amount of diagnostics for each module channel Figure 7 5 ATTENTION When a CPU is restarted and the application goes into exception during startup the diagnostics will no longer be valid It is necessary to fix the problem which is causing this situation so that the diagnostics are updated ...

Страница 318: ...Diagnostics amount per module and per channel By clicking on one of the lines of Figure 7 5 table a screen that shows the description of each diagnosis appears as illustrated in Figure 7 6 Figure 7 6 Module Channel Diagnostics List ...

Страница 319: ...inimum speed of the link must be 128Kbps ATTENTION Visualization of Web diagnostics is supported only up to version 9 compatibility view mode of Internet Explorer browser Otherwise the display of some pages may be affected Diagnostic Explorer The Diagnostic Explorer is the inclusion of the diagnostics via WEB inside MasterTool Xtorm in order to make the process faster and direct The access to this...

Страница 320: ... properly MODULES W PARAM ERROR bModuleParameterError BOOL TRUE One or more modules in the bus present parameterization error FALSE All modules are parameterized BUS ERROR bWHSBBusError BOOL TRUE The master indicates a failure in the WHSB bus FALSE The WHSB bus is working properly ABSENT RACK bAbsentRacks BOOL TRUE One or more declared racks are absent FALSE No absent racks DUPLICATED RACK bDuplic...

Страница 321: ...CPUSlot BOOL Incorrect CPU position different position than the one configured by the programmer Correct CPU position bReserved_37 39 BOOL Reserved Table 7 3 CPU Summarized Diagnostics Notes No Diag There is no active diagnostic in the CPU Configuration Mismatch The incompatible configuration diagnostic is generated if one or more present modules physically do not correspond to the declared one Th...

Страница 322: ...ply or CPU Cold reset commands and reset origin triggered by MasterTool Xtorm tool does not cause the indication of this diagnosis Detailed Diagnostics Table 7 4 shows the CPU detailed diagnostics DG_HX3040 tDetailed Variable Type Description Target dwCPUModel DWORD HX3040 0x3040 abyCPUVersion BYTE ARRAY 4 Firmware version abyBootloaderVersion BYTE ARRAY 4 Bootloader version abyAuxprocVersion BYTE...

Страница 323: ...ng COM 1 serial port configuration Removal of RX and TX queues PS When the CPU is set Without Parity the parity errors counter is not incremented in case it receives a different parity In this case an error of frame is indicated The maximum value of each counter is 65535 wParityErrorCounter WORD wFrameErrorCounter WORD wRXOverrunCounter WORD Ethernet NE T 1 6 bLinkDown BOOL Indicates the link stat...

Страница 324: ...of received through the port 0 to 4294967295 dwReceivedDropErrors DWORD Counter of connection losses in the reception through the interface 0 to 4294967295 dwReceivedFrameErrors DWORD Counter of frame errors in the reception through the interface 0 a 4294967295 UserFiles byMounted BYTE Indicates if the memory used for recording the user files is able to receive data dwFreeSpacekB DWORD Free memory...

Страница 325: ...nd all consistencies successfully performed but the I O modules are not able for the system startup It is not possible to set the Application in Run Mode APPL_STOP_MODULES_GETTING_READY_TO_RUN 8 Application in Stop Mode and all consistencies successfully performed The I O modules are being prepared for the system startup It is not possible to set the Application in Run Mode NORMAL_OPERATING_STATE ...

Страница 326: ... the CPU operation state RUN 1 The application is in execution Run Mode STOP 3 The application is stopped Stop Mode bForcedIOs BOOL Some memory area is being forced by the user through MasterTool l Events wUsage WORD Usage sampling of the event queue bEventQueueOverFlow BOOL Bit that indicates an OverFlow in the event queue See ClearRtuDiagnostic section bEventQueueCleared BOOL Bit that indicates ...

Страница 327: ...catedRacks DWORD Each bit represents a rack identification number if some bit is TRUE it means that more than one rack is set with the same identification number dwNonDeclaredRacks DWORD Each bit represents a rack identification number if some bit is TRUE it means there is a rack set with a non declared identification number Table 7 4 HX3040 Detailed Diagnostics Description Notes Diagnostic Struct...

Страница 328: ...n 0x0152 FPU Division by zero FPU FPU FPU 0x0023 Downloaded file Check up error 0x0153 FPU Inexact result 0x0024 Mismatch between the retentive identity and the current boot project program identity 0x0154 FPU Invalid operation 0x0025 IEC task configuration failure 0x0155 FPU Overflow 0x0026 Application is running with the wrong target 0x0156 FPU Stack verification 0x0050 Illegal instruction 0x015...

Страница 329: ...cles counter Table 7 7 Returned Parameters Possible TYPE_RESULT OK_SUCCESS successful execution ERROR_FAILED the desired task does not exist Example of utilization in ST language PROGRAM UserPrg VAR sAppName STRING psAppName POINTER TO STRING sTaskName STRING psTaskName POINTER TO STRING pstTaskInfo POINTER TO ST_TASK_INFO TaskInfo ST_TASK_INFO Info TYPE_RESULT END_VAR ENTRADAS sAppName Applicatio...

Страница 330: ...Indication of the CPU active diagnostics amount In case the number shown is different than 0 zero there are active diagnostics in the CPU Further details regarding their visualization on the CPU graphic display through diagnostic key see One Touch Diag 6 Indication of forced variables in the CPU In case the F character is shown in the graphic display a variable is being forced by the user whether ...

Страница 331: ... from the one configured in the project within the memory card INVALID CPU VERSION CPU version is different from the one configured in the project within the memory card APPLICATION CORRUPTED Application within the memory card is corrupted APPLICATION NOT FOUND No application in the memory card to be transferred to the CPU CRC NOT FOUND Indicates that the application CRC does not exist MCF FILE NO...

Страница 332: ...o filter the messages displayed to the user is to select the component desired to be viewed The Log tab s Timestamp is shown by MasterTool after information provided by the device CPU MasterTool can display the Timestamp in local time computer s time or UTC if UTC Time checkbox is marked ATTENTION If the device s time or time zone parameter are incorrect the Timestamp shown in MasterTool also won ...

Страница 333: ...twice on the CPU display After that the respective module will exit the diagnostic mode and the CPU display will indicate information regarding the CPU It is possible to identify that a particular module is in diagnostic mode when the segments shown in Figure 7 11 module display blink The number of segments depends on the number of I O points of the module Figure 7 11 Module Display ...

Страница 334: ...ts a new short press on the diagnostic button after entering the diagnostic mode will finalize the operation Accessing the module and I O points description In addition to the tag modules and I O points can have a description The description is used when there is a need to add extra information beyond the tags for a given module or I O point for example Temperature reading module for describing a ...

Страница 335: ...ction Diagnostic Explorer or Web Server to view the module name the field will be truncated after the first 24 characters of the module name description Short and long press Table 7 9 indicates times Pressing Type Minimum Time Maximum Time Indication Condition No press 59 99 ms Short press 60 ms 0 99 s Press and key release within the defined period Long press 1 s 20 s More than 1 s pressing Key L...

Страница 336: ...rack power supply being fed with correct the voltage Is the power supply placed on the far left in the rack front view Is it followed by the Hadron Xtorm Series CPU In case the architecture is built with redundant sources the far left module in the rack is the power supply followed to its right by another one In the next slot on the right the Hadron Xtorm Series CPU is placed Are there network dev...

Страница 337: ... the memory card Bad connection or not mounted Check if the memory card is properly connected in the compartment Check if the memory card is in the right side as indicated on the CPU frontal panel Check if the memory card is dismounted through CPU specific menu visualizing the indication on the graphic display Table 7 10 Troubleshooting Table Preventive Maintenance It must be annually verified if ...

Страница 338: ...odule The documents are listed in Table 1 1 Related Document Depth of Rack mounted Module The depth of Hadron Xtorm Series module and rack set can be obtained by adding 28 mm to the depth of the module In the example of Figure 8 1 a standard module with 184 2 mm depth was used When considering the rack the depth of the set is 212 2 0 5 mm Dimension in mm Figure 8 1 Depth of Rack mounted Module ...

Страница 339: ...e RTU Dimension A Dimension B Dimension C Dimension D 10 cm 10 cm 4 cm 4 cm Table 8 1 Dimensions of free space around the RTU Gutter Sizing For the sizing of the gutter in addition to the area occupied by the wires observe the internal heating in the gutter caused by the heat dissipated by the wires which can lead to a reduction in the gutter area occupancy Use the following rule gutter area sum o...

Страница 340: ...mperature difference between the inside and the outside of the panel reaches 50 C the following values should be considered Effective dissipation surface of the panel calculated according to DIN VED 0660 chapter 500 as indicated by the type of installation The dissipation constant for steel sheet painted in W m C Panel ventilation conditions installation location Degree of inner panel occupation i...

Страница 341: ...ation can be obtained by installing internal fans to the panel increasing the air flow inside The forced circulation through fans inside the panel also brings an improvement in own convection and a tendency to temperature stabilization along the panel Without the forced air circulation a heat point at the top of the panel due to convection is observed Examples For a free panel from all sides with ...

Страница 342: ... the internal temperature is always a medium temperature and if there is no forced air circulation inside the panel the temperature at the top of the panel will be greater than the base and there may be localized heat points Proper safety margin should be given in each case Figure 8 4 Examples of Heat Movement Closed Installation A much greater heat dissipation comparing with previously obtained c...

Страница 343: ... Electrical Equipment to Minimize Electrical Noise Inputs to Controllers External Sources The most important points are covered next Cabinet Power The power supply of the control system must include main circuit breaker We recommend the use of terminals for general power supply of mounting panel with integrated fuses as well as the use of an outlet providing 127 or 220 Vac for the programming term...

Страница 344: ...magnetic interference EMI is responsible for the vast majority of problems encountered on installed equipment These problems can significantly be reduced if the following precautions are taken in the design phase of the panel 1 Distribute and arrange the cables in the gutters avoiding mixing power cables with signal cables 2 Inactive metal parts must be grounded in the cabinet 3 In case of element...

Страница 345: ...μF capacitor the model of the capacitor must be appropriate to the type and value of the voltage of the load can be used Figure 8 6 RC circuit parallel with contacts Figure 8 7 RC circuit parallel with the load ATTENTION For 110 125 Vdc voltages must be used the RC protection circuit in parallel with the load under penalty of severe wear of the contacts It is suggested the following values for R a...

Страница 346: ...imum voltage source energy stored in the load and desired service life ATTENTION It is imperative the complete reading of the Technical Characteristics of the products used prior to installation or use thereof For choosing the type of suppressor to be used it should be checked the type of load DC or AC and the voltage levels supported by the module chosen for the project Figure 8 10 Varistor CKT C...

Страница 347: ... done every 20 meters 3 Separate the wires into two groups for distribution in ducts 4 Digital signal cables up to 60 V shielded cables leading analog signals and shielded cables with power supplies up to 230 V 5 Cables with voltage exceeding 230 V Lightning protection In outdoor applications namely in which the cables or communication lines of the CPU with the field signals come on out of the ins...

Страница 348: ... entrance or right next to the cabinet The Figure 8 13 shows the correct way of installing lightning protection to a generic system Each system has its own details of installation so it is recommended to consider each case individually to define the best protection way In cases regarded as critical consult the Altus support service ...

Страница 349: ...re are declared the global variables used in the application Half Duplex Indicates that the devices can perform communication by transmitting receiving data but only in one direction each time ie can transmit or receive data Hardware Physical equipments used in data processing where the programs software are executed HSDN High Speed Deterministic Network Deterministic network often redundant used ...

Страница 350: ...m a certain task which can tolerate certain types of failure without damaging the task execution SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol Protocol for time synchronization via network Software Computer programs procedures and rules related to the operation of a data processing system Subnet Segment of a communication network that interconnects a group of devices nodes in order to isolate the local traffi...

Страница 351: ...ard TIA EIA 568 A can be used in networks 10Base T and 100Base TX among other ScTP Abbreviation for screened twisted pair Same cable that the UTP however all pairs of wires are wrapped by a metal foil or a screen metal braided in order to minimize the radiation and susceptibility to external noise It is also known as sUTP Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair or FTP Foil Twisted Pair UTP Abbreviation f...

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