IVIS
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Lumina XRMS Series III Hardware Manual
Chapter 5 | X-ray Safety and Radiation Hazards
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Stochastic Effects
Stochastic effects are biological effects that have a statistical probability of occurring based on the
radiation dose. Unlike deterministic effects, stochastic effects have no dose threshold. Even for low
radiation doses there is a small probability of a biological effect occurring. Also, the severity of the
stochastic biological effect can be unrelated to the magnitude of the dose, but the probability of
occurrence increases with increased dose or time of exposure. Since stochastic effects such as cancer
or genetic defects often show up years after exposure, it is not certain that these effects can be linked
to any specific event of radiation exposure. Since stochastic effects such as cancer can also afflict
individuals who have not been exposed to radiation above background, it is not possible to determine
that the cancer resulted from any specific exposure.
X-ray Dose Limits
A sample of PerkinElmer Model IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III has been tested at maximum
operating conditions. PerkinElmer has determined the local x-ray dose rate at a distance of 5 cm from
the surface of the equipment is less than 1.0 µSv/h. PerkinElmer declares that the Product IVIS
Lumina XRMS Series III system conforms to:
1996/29/Euratom Directive (Dose rate of 1 µSv/h at 10 cm from any accessible surface under
normal operating conditions).
US CFR21 Part 1020.40 Regulation (Dose rate of 0.5mrem/h at 5cm outside of the external surface
under maximum operating conditions) in accordance with the following standard: IEC 61010-
1:2001 Standard (Dose limit of 1 µSv/h at 10 cm from the surface of the equipment under maximum
operating conditions).
PerkinElmer certifies that IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III system has achieved the objectives of:
ICRP 60 recommendations of annual public dose limit of 100mrem.
ICRP 103 recommendations of annual public dose limit of 100mrem.
US OSHA workplace annual public dose limits of 100mrem and other international public safety
standards and regulations.
It is unlikely the trained individual using the IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III will receive an annual
dose that exceeds these public dose limit levels.
5.4 IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III Safety Systems
The IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III has many different safety features intended to keep the operator
safe from radiation exposure. Many of these features are discussed in the system hardware manual
as well as the Safe Operating and Emergency Procedures for the operation of the IVIS Lumina XRMS
Series III Cabinet X-ray System you received at time of ordering. No amount of engineering design
or testing can keep you safe if the instrument is not maintained or is tampered with. Following the
maintenance procedures in
will prevent hazardous conditions from developing.
Radiation Shielding
The IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III is considered a cabinet X-ray system because all the radiation is
confined to the inside of the metal structure. This is accomplished by using steel of a sufficient
thickness to block X-rays of the energies produced by the tube described in
. In some parts of the cabinet additional shielding has been added to
prevent leakage. There are no ports, apertures, or other openings by which any part of the human
body can be placed when X-rays are being generated. The IVIS Lumina XRMS Series III x-ray
cabinet is defined as the portion of the console where the subjects are placed by opening the door and
