NEC PowerMate SPB-Wash, User Manual

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Glossary 3
application programs
Software designed to perform specific functions or a group of
functions, like solving business or mathematical problems.
Examples of applications include word processing,
communications, or database management.
architecture
A general term for the design and construction of computer
systems, particularly hardware, but also operating systems and
networks. The circuitry within a chip is called its architecture;
for example, Intel architecture can refer to a computer based on
the Intel Celsior or other Pentium II chips.
archive
Copying one or more files to a different location for long-term
data storage, especially for backup and security purposes. Files
can then be added to or deleted from the archive. Also refers to
the location where data is stored.
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit. A chip designed for
use on a particular circuit board, or for a very narrow range of
use. The digital signal processor chip on a modem is an ASIC.
asynchronous
Refers to operations that do not require the clocks of
communicating devices to be coordinated. Instead, the devices
send signals to each other indicating readiness to receive or
send. Compare synchronous.
asynchronous cache
The slowest, most inexpensive type of secondary SRAM
cache, running at speeds of 15 to 20 ns.
ATA
AT Attachment. A standard for connecting hard drives or other
devices to an AT bus; synonymous with IDE.