HT COMBIG2 Page 78 User Manual Download

Page: 78 / 164

Series

EN - 77

16 For

earth resistance measurement in TN systems

, in

case of

positive

result (see § 13.12), the screen to the

side is displayed by the instrument. It contains the
value of contact voltage in the secondary display, the
value of contact resistance of the voltage probe (Rs)
and the value of contact resistance of the current probe
(Rh).

Press the

SAVE

button or touch the

icon to save

the measurement (see § 7.1).

17 For

earth resistance measurement in TN systems

, in

case of

negative

result (see § 13.12), the screen to the

Press the

SAVE

button or touch the

icon to save

the measurement (see § 7.1).

18 If the resistance value of Rs or Rh probes is

> 100 *

Rmeasured

the instrument performs the measurement

considering an accuracy of 10% of reading and marks
the value in red in corrispondance of Rs and/or Rh the
screen to the side is displayed

19 For

ground resistivity measurement

, the screen to

the side is shown by the instrument. It contains the
value of "



" expressed in



and the "Vn" value of the

possible interfering voltage measured by the instrument
during the test.

Press the

SAVE

button or touch the

icon to save

the measurement (see § 7.1).

Summary of Contents for COMBIG2

Page 1: ... Copyright HT ITALIA 2020 Release EN 5 02 14 09 2020 Gx Series User manual ...

Page 2: ...AUTO L N PE mode 22 6 2 2 Anomalous situations 24 6 2 3 6 3 RCD Test on differential switches 25 AUTO mode 29 6 3 1 AUTO mode 30 6 3 2 x x1 x2 x5 modes 31 6 3 3 Mode x1 Test on RCDs with delay time 31 6 3 4 Mode 32 6 3 5 Test on earth leakage relay RCD 33 6 3 6 Anomalous situations 34 6 3 7 6 4 LOOP Line impedance Loop and overall earth resistance 37 Test types 39 6 4 1 6 4 2 Test leads calibratio...

Page 3: ...ET 128 10 MAINTENANCE 131 10 1 General information 131 10 2 Replacement of the batteries 131 10 3 Cleaning the instrument 131 10 4 End of life 131 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 132 11 1 Technical characteristics 132 11 2 Reference guidelines 137 11 3 General characteristics 137 11 4 Environment 137 Environmental conditions for use 137 11 4 1 11 5 Accessories 137 12 SERVICE 138 12 1 Warranty conditio...

Page 4: ...owing symbols are used in this manual CAUTION observe the instructions given in this manual improper use could damage the instrument its components or create dangerous situations for the operator High voltage danger electrical shock hazard Double insulation AC voltage or current DC voltage or current Connection to earth The symbol indicates that the instrument must not be connected to systems with...

Page 5: ...measurement control and laboratory use Part 1 General requirements defines what measurement category commonly called overvoltage category is 6 7 4 Measured circuits reads circuits are divided into the following measurement categories Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of a low voltage installation Examples are electricity meters and measurements on primary overcurr...

Page 6: ...ctors and continuity test as multimeter function M Measurement of insulation resistance L PE and L N PE modes RCD Test on molded case RCD STD and earth leakage delay tester RCDs AUTO AUTO sequence of NoTrip RCD M measures LOOP Measurement of global earth resistance No Trip and Line Loop impedance P N P P P PE EARTH Measurement of earth resistance and soil resistivity with voltammetric methos and m...

Page 7: ...ulation of the assumed short circuit current also with high resolution 0 1m by means of optional accessory IMP57 overall earth resistance without causing the RCD tripping NoTrip check of the interruption capacity of magnetothermal protections MCB and fuses I2t test protection check in case of indirect contacts AUTO TEST Automatic sequence of NoTrip RCD M L PE N PE measurements in TT and TN systems...

Page 8: ...n 12 3 2 INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY The instrument is powered by 6 1 5V alkaline batteries of type AA LR06 or 6 1 2V NiMH rechargeable batteries of type AA LR06 Rechargeable batteries can be recharged with the external charger The green symbol indicates a sufficient charge level for the correct execution of the tests The red symbol indicates an insufficient charge level for the correct execution of t...

Page 9: ...tion of the front part of the instrument CAPTION 1 Connector for remote probe 2 B1 B2 not COMBIG2 B3 B4 inputs 3 In1 input Fig 2 Description of the upper part of the instrument CAPTION 1 Connector for optical cable USB C2006 Fig 3 Description of the instrument s side 4 2 DESCRIPTION OF MEASURING LEADS CAPTION 1 Hand protection 2 Safe area Fig 4 Description of measuring leads The colors of input te...

Page 10: ...to the activation of the four icons on the bottom of the screen as an alternative to direct touch on the display 4 4 DISPLAY DESCRIPTION The display is an LCD 320x240pxl TFT color display with capacitive touch screen whose icon structure can be directly selected with a simple touch The first line of the display indicates the type of active measurement the date time and the battery charge indicatio...

Page 11: ...xit without confirming 5 1 INSTRUMENT SETTINGS Touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display The following settings are available System language setting Setting of the type of electrical system Setting of the country Operator name setting System date time setting Information instrument section Activation deactivation of display AutoPower OFF and of key sound Settings will be mainta...

Page 12: ...tion down up to disable enable the sound key when pressed Confirm the choices made and go back to the previous screen System 5 1 4 Touch the icon to select the type of electrical system TT TN or IT of the mains frequency 50Hz 60Hz of the limit value for contact voltage 25V 50V and rated voltage value to be used for calculating the assumed short circuit current see The screen to the side appears on...

Page 13: ...r approximately 12 hours Information 5 1 7 Touch the icon The display shows the screen on the right with the icons relative to the properties of the instrument the optional accessories IMP57 and T2100 and the HTAnalysis APP Touch the icon The display shows the screen on the right as well as following information Serial number Internal version of Firmare and Hardware for the accessories IMP57 and T...

Page 14: ...ment automatically subtracts the value of cable resistance from the measured resistance value Therefore it is necessary that this value is measured each time the measuring cables are changed or extended AUTO The instrument carries out two measurements with inverted polarity and displays their average value Recommended mode The instrument performs a continuity test between two points like a common ...

Page 15: ... the value in the Timer field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value in seconds between 1s and 15s Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen 4 Touch the icon R xx to set the maximum limit value of the resistance on which the instrument makes the comparison with the measured value The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the icon to zero the value in the R...

Page 16: ...ument or the START key on the remote lead The instrument will start the measurement During this whole stage do not disconnect the test leads of the instrument from the conductor under test The following screen appears on the display 9 The value of the result in the AUTO function is shown in the upper part of the screen while the partial values of the test with inverted polarity of the test source ...

Page 17: ...mbol indicates the negative result of the measurement The 99 9 message indicates the instrument overload status Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 12 At the end of the test in the function if the value of the measured resistance is higher than the set limit the value is shown in red The indication 1999 indicates the overrange of the instrument as shown in the s...

Page 18: ...e operation with open terminals 3 In case the instrument detects a calibration resert performing the operation with open terminals it gives out a long sound and displays a screen like the one to the side The icon is shown on the display to indicate the calibration reset value 4 If the instrument detects a calibrated resistance higher than measured resistance e g by using test cables different from...

Page 19: ...AUTO L PE The test is performed between L PE conductors and activated by the GO STOP key of the instrument or START of the remote lead and lasts 2 seconds AUTO L N PE The test is performed between L PE and N PE conductors and activated by the GO STOP key of the instrument or START of the remote lead and lasts 2 seconds Recommended mode Timing test between L PE conductors The operator may set a suf...

Page 20: ...19 Fig 9 Insulation test between L PE by means of shuko plug Fig 10 Insulation test between L PE and N PE by means of single cables and remote lead Fig 11 Insulation test between L PE and N PE by means of shuko plug ...

Page 21: ...e virtual keyboard to set the value in seconds between 5s and 999s Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen 4 Touch the icon R xx to set the minimum limit value of the insulation resistance on which the instrument makes the comparison with the measured value The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the icon to zero the value in the R field Use the virtual keybo...

Page 22: ...e end of the measurement the instrument applies a resistance to the output leads to discharge the capacitances in the circuit 9 In mode The final result is the minimum insulation value measured during the test Pressing a second time the GO STOP key or the START key on the remote lead stops the test before the set time has elapsed 10 The measurement result is shown both as a numeric value and in th...

Page 23: ...e screen to the side appears on the display Touch the icon to zero the value in the R field Use the virtual keyboard to set the value between 0 01M and 999M Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen Note the presence of the set limit value 4 Touch the xxxxV icon to set the test DC voltage in the insulation measurement The screen to the side appears on the display Move the ...

Page 24: ...strument applies a resistance to the output leads to discharge the capacitances in the circuit 8 The measurement result is shown in the screen to the side The values of the real test voltage and the measurement time are present on the display The symbol indicates the positive result of the measurement Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 9 At the end of the test ...

Page 25: ...e indicated in red 7 In the L N PE test if in one of both test the instrument measures a resistance higher than the set limit value but for which it is not able to generate the rated voltage the screen to the side is displayed The symbol is shown on the display and the values of the real test voltage are indicated in red 8 If the instrument detects a voltage value higher than 30V at its terminals ...

Page 26: ...ation of the instrument and the RCD tables see 11 1 the empty cells of RCD tables means not available situations The following operating connections are available to perforn the RCD test CAUTION Testing the RCD tripping time causes its tripping Therefore check that there are NO users or loads connected downstream of the differential switch being tested which could be damaged by a system downtime D...

Page 27: ...bles and remote lead Fig 15 Connection for a 400V N no PE three phase system by means of single cables and remote lead Fig 16 Connection for a 400V PE no N system with single cables and remote lead no for RCD type B Fig 17 Connection to earth leakage relay RCDs with optional accessory RCDX10 ...

Page 28: ...tripping current The following screen appears on the display 4 Move the left slide bar reference and select the type of RCD between the following options STD molded case RCD and earth leakage delay RCD with use of optional accessory RCDX10 In case of earth leakage relay RCD the following screen appears on the display 5 Touch the icon to zero the value in A field and use the virtual keyboard to set...

Page 29: ... IEC EN61008 and IEC EN61009 guidelines 1 414 for RCD type A 1 for RCD type AC 2 for RCD type B Example for RCD type A with Idn 30mA the effective value of trip out current can be up to 30mA 1 414 42mA NOTE The selection of the two option involves only the choose of the trip out current visualization but not influence the outcome test OK NO Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measureme...

Page 30: ...t of range During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system on test 12 At the end of the test if the tripping time of each test complies with what is indicated in Table 6 see 13 4 the instrument shows the symbol to signal that the test has been completed successfully and displays a screen similar to the one reported here to the side Press the SAVE but...

Page 31: ...sitive result if all tripping times of molded case type STD comply with what indicated in Table 6 see 13 4 The test has a negative result when one of the values is out of range During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system on test 12 At the end of the test if the tripping time of each test complies with what is indicated in Table 6 see 13 4 the ins...

Page 32: ...h what is indicated in Table 6the instrument shows the symbol to signal that the test has not been completed successfully and displays a screen similar to the one reported here to the side Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 Mode x1 Test on RCDs with delay time 6 3 4 9 At the end of the test if the measured tripping time is within the interval limit delay set de...

Page 33: ...es of the table in the relevant 11 1 the instrument displays the symbol to indicate the positive outcome of the test and displays a screen like the one to the side Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 11 At the end of the test if the tripping current is not within the values of the table in the relevant 11 1 the instrument displays the symbol to indicate the nega...

Page 34: ...onds on the instrument or the START key on the remote lead The instrument will start the measurement The screen to the side is shown on the display when the hourglass icon indicates the performance of the test 10 At the end of the test if the tripping current is lower to the set value the instrument displays the symbol to indicate the positive outcome of the test and displays a screen like the one...

Page 35: ...the side and blocks the execution of the tests 3 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B1 phase conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of the tests 4 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B4 neutral conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of the tests 5 If th...

Page 36: ...ng the selected test the instrument does not carry out the test and displays a screen like the one to the side Check that the IdN set value is consistent with the differential switch in question and that all loads connected downstream of it are disconnected 9 If the instrument detects a dangerious voltage on PE conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of ...

Page 37: ...or only RCD type B if the instrument is not able to provide for the charging of the internal capacitors of the RCD it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the test Check that the VL N voltage should be more than 190V 14 For only RCD type B if the instrument detects a input voltage VL N 190V it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the test Chech the values of...

Page 38: ...alculation of the assumed phase to phase short circuit current This measurement is carried out even with high resolution 0 1m through the optional accessory IMP57 L PE Standard STD measurement of the fault loop impedance between the phase conductor and the earth conductor and calculation of the assumed phase to earth short circuit current This measurement is carried out even with high resolution 0...

Page 39: ...ms by means of single cables and remote lead Fig 21 P P measurement for 400V N PE three phase systems Fig 22 P PE P N measurement for 400V PE no N systems by means of single cables and remote lead Fig 23 P PE measurement for IT systems by means of single cables and remote lead ...

Page 40: ...rement point calculates the maximum value of short circuit current and gives a positive outcome if the value is lower than the limit set by the user see 13 5 I2 t Check of protection from short circuits The instrument detects the value of the line impedance upstream to the measurement point calculates the value of short circuit current and the corresponding value of the trip out time t of the prot...

Page 41: ...Trip time Trip time limit other countries Table 2 Conditions of positive outcome depending on the test parameters Where Empty cells Not available mode for this particular combination of electric system Isc L L_3F Prospective short circuit current three phase Phase Phase see 13 5 Isc L L_Min2F Prospective short circuit current minimum two phase Phase Phase see 13 10 Isc L N_Max Prospective short ci...

Page 42: ...l other cases 1 Touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the icon to enter into the test leads calibration section The following screen appears on the display 2 Touch the icon in order to select the test leads calibration or the icon to select the cable with Shuko plug calibration as shown in the following screen 3 Insert the ZEROLOOP metallic accessory into the three ban...

Page 43: ...and proceed with the measurements described in the following paragraphs 6 The value of the test leads Shuko plug resistance various plugs is maintained by the instrument up to the reset operation performed by the user for example for the insertion of cables with different lengths To performs the reset of saved calibration value touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display 7 With op...

Page 44: ...ownstream of the measuring point as the impedance of these users could distort the test results 4 Perform the preliminary calibration of the test leads as described in 6 4 2 Connect the shuko plug the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical mains according to Fig 18 Fig 19 Fig 20 and Fig 22 5 Note the presence of the correct voltage values between L N and L PE corresponding to the sel...

Page 45: ...r to set the maximum tripping current expressed in kA that the protection must interrupt The following screen appears on the display 3 Touch the icon to zero the value in the kA field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the breaking capacity of the protection between 1kA and 9999kA Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen 4 If possible disconnect all loads co...

Page 46: ...n case of positive outcome the screen to the side is shown by the instrument Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 6 In case of test failure measured Isc Max current set threshold the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument Note the presence of the measurement result highlighted in red Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7...

Page 47: ...ument see 5 1 4 Touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the lower icon The following screen appears on the display 2 Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the icon to execute the measurement only with the instrument or the icon to execute the measurement with the instrument optional accessory IMP57 see 6 4 13 Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the...

Page 48: ...y going back to the previous screen Touch the icon in the bottom right corner to set the type section and material forming the inner insulation of the cable of the line under test The following screen appears on the display 5 Touch the mm2 field and by using the virtual keyboard set and confirm the section value of the single cable free selectable Touch the field and by using the virtual keyboard ...

Page 49: ...P key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of positive result three phase short circuit current for the L L case in the image supported by the cable with the performed selections the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument Press the SAVE button or touch the ic...

Page 50: ...options for TN systems only Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the option Touch the icon in the bottom center to set the protection type and its rated current The following screen appears on the display 3 Move the slide bar reference by selecting the type of protection Fuse of type gG or aM or magnetothermal MCB in curve B C K D Fuse of type BS88 2 BS88 3 BS3036 BS1362 or magnetotherm...

Page 51: ... of the correct voltage values between L L and L PE corresponding to the selections carried out in the initial phase see 5 1 4 as shown in the screen to the side 7 Press the GO STOP key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of positive result minimum short circuit curren...

Page 52: ... by selecting the L L L N or L PE options for TN systems only Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the option Touch the second icon to set the protection type and its rated current The following screen appears on the display 3 Move the slide bar reference by selecting the type of protection Fuse of type gG or aM or magnetothermal MCB in curve B C K D Touch the In field The following scr...

Page 53: ...ns according to Fig 18 Fig 19 Fig 20 and Fig 22 in the farthest possible point respect the protection on test Note the presence of the correct voltage values between L L and L PE corresponding to the selections carried out in the initial phase see 5 1 4 as shown in the screen to the side 8 Press the GO STOP key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disc...

Page 54: ...gnetothermal MCB in curve B C K D Fuse of type BS88 2 BS88 3 BS3036 BS1362 or magnetothermal MCB in curve B C D UK country For AUS NZ country magnetothermal MCB in curve B C D Touch the In field The following screen appears on the display 4 Touch the icon to zero the value in the In field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the nominal current of the protection within the values allow...

Page 55: ...e screen to the side 7 Press the GO STOP key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of positive result calculated minimum short circuit current HIGHER than tripping current of the protection device within the specified time see 13 6 the screen to the side is displayed by ...

Page 56: ...aM gG magnetothermal MCB in curve B C K D or nominal trip out currents 10 30 100 300 500 650 1000mA for RCD protection devices For AUS NZ country magnetothermal MCB in curve B C D Touch the In field The following screen appears on the display 4 Touch the icon to zero the value in the In field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the nominal current of the protection within the values a...

Page 57: ...START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of positive result ZL PE LOWER or EQUAL to limit impedance relative to protection device within the specified time see 13 7 the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 8 ZL P...

Page 58: ...t screen 3 Move the slide bar reference by selecting the type of protection Fuse of type BS88 2 BS88 3 BS3036 BS1362 magnetothermal MCB in curve B C D or nominal trip out currents 10 30 100 300 500 650 1000mA for RCD protection devices Touch the In field The following screen appears on the display 4 Touch the icon to zero the value in the In field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value of t...

Page 59: ...y on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of positive result ZL PE or ZL N LOWER or EQUAL to limit impedance relative to protection device within the specified time see 13 7 the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 8 ZL P...

Page 60: ...mote lead to the electrical mains according to Fig 23 Note the presence of the correct voltage values between L L and L PE corresponding to the selections carried out in the initial phase see 5 1 4 and a possible N PE voltage due to the IT system as shown in the screen to the side 4 Press the GO STOP key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect ...

Page 61: ...etween the values 6 10 30 100 300 500 650 1000mA Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the connection type between the options presence of neutral conductor or absence of neutral conductor Confirm the choices by going back to the initial measurement screen 4 If possible disconnect all loads connected downstream of the measured point as the impedance of these users could distort the test ...

Page 62: ... screen to the side is displayed by the instrument which contains the contact voltage value in the secondary display Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 6 In case of negative result overall earth resistance higher than the ratio between limit contact voltage and RCD tripping current the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument Note the presence of the m...

Page 63: ...0Hz and the reference voltage in the general settings of the instrument see 5 1 4 Touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the lower icon on the left The following screen appears on the display 2 Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the icon to execute the measurement with the accessory IMP57 Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the L L option Move ...

Page 64: ... Press the GO STOP key for few seconds on the instrument to start the test The following screen is shown on the display in case of L L measurement in STD mode 5 The standard STD short circuit current is shown in the upper part of the display The P P Loop impedance values in addition to its resistive and reactive components are shown in the central part of the display expressed in m Press the SAVE ...

Page 65: ... like the one to the side Check that the system being tested is supplied 3 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B1 phase conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of the tests 4 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B4 neutral conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the exec...

Page 66: ...d it does not carry out the test and a screen similar to the one reported to the side is displayed Check the connection of measuring cables 8 If the instrument detects a danger voltage on PE conductor it does not carry out the test and displays a screen like the one to the side This message can also appair in case of an insufficient pressure of the GO STOP key 9 If the instrument detects a voltage...

Page 67: ...easurement Fig 24 Phase sequence check of 1T phases with terminal and remote lead Fig 25 Phase sequence check of 2T phases with terminal and remote lead 1 Touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the 1T icon to set the measuring mode The following screen appears on the display 2 Move the slide bar reference in the position 1T for the selection of the test with 1 terminal ...

Page 68: ... from the system under test The symbol for the tip on phase L1 and the hourglass indicating the status of pending recognition of a voltage higher than the maximum allowed 5 Once the correct voltage recognized the symbol is shown on the display The instrument gives out a long sound until input voltage is present 6 At the end of phase L1 acquisition the instrument is in standby waiting for the signa...

Page 69: ... see 7 1 9 At the end of the test if the two detected voltages are in phase phase concordance between two distinct three phase systems the instrument displays a screen like the one to the side result 1 1 10 At the end of the test if the detected phase sequence is not correct the instrument displays a screen like the one shown to the side result 2 1 3 Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save...

Page 70: ...tage a time longer than around 10s has elapsed the instrument displays a screen like the one to the side 2 If the instrument detects an input voltage higher than the maximum limit it will display a screen like the one to the side 3 If the instrument detects an input voltage frequency exceeding the allowed full scale it will display a screen like the one to the side ...

Page 71: ...nd use the virtual keyboard to set the full scale value of the clamp used values of 1A 100A 1000A for the HT96U clamp Confirm the choice by going back to the previous screen With FS 1A the instrument automatically carries out the measurement in mA 3 Insert the external clamp into instrument input In1 4 For indirect measurements of leakage current connect the external clamp according to Fig 26 For ...

Page 72: ...Gx Series EN 71 5 The value of the measured leakage current appears in real time on the display as shown in the screen to the side Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 ...

Page 73: ... can be used for measurements on installations with overvoltage category CAT III 240V to earth with a maximum voltage of 415V between inputs Do not connect the instrument to installations with voltages exceeding the limits indicated in this manual Exceeding these limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the instrument Always connect the measuring cables to the instrument ...

Page 74: ...Gx Series EN 73 Fig 29 Two wire earth resistance measurement using an auxiliary rod Fig 30 Two wire earth resistance measurement from the panel board Fig 31 Ground resistivity measurement ...

Page 75: ...in the position for the measurement of ground resistivity Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen Touch the second icon in the lower left corner to set the tripping current of the differential switch TT and IT systems The following screen appears on the display 3 Move the slide bar reference in the position corresponding to the value of the tripping current of the RCD di...

Page 76: ...tive or negative result of the measurement Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen 7 For resistivity measurement the instrument shows the initial screen as in the figure to the side Touch the icon to the right to set the measurement unit and the distance between the test probes The following screen appears on the display 8 Move the slide bar reference on the left to sele...

Page 77: ...s the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 14 For earth resistance measurement in TT systems in case of negative result see 13 7 the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument It contains the value of contact voltage in the secondary display the value of contact resistance of the voltage probe Rs and the value of contact resistance of the current probe Rh Note the p...

Page 78: ...condary display the value of contact resistance of the voltage probe Rs and the value of contact resistance of the current probe Rh Note the presence of the measurement result highlighted in red Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 18 If the resistance value of Rs or Rh probes is 100 Rmeasured the instrument performs the measurement considering an accuracy of 10 ...

Page 79: ...sition for the resistance measurement with use of optional clamp T2100 see 6 7 3 or in the position for the measurement of ground resistivity Confirm the choice by going back to the initial measurement screen Touch the second icon in the lower left corner to set the tripping current of the differential switch TT and IT systems The following screen appears on the display 3 Move the slide bar refere...

Page 80: ...stance of the current probe Rh Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 7 For earth resistance measurement in TT systems in case of negative result see 13 7 the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument It contains the value of contact voltage in the secondary display the value of contact resistance of the voltage probe Rs and the value of contact resistance ...

Page 81: ...e Rh Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 10 For earth resistance measurement in TN systems in case of negative result measured value HIGHER than set limit value the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument It contains also the value of contact resistance of the voltage probe Rs and the value of contact resistance of the current probe Rh Note the presenc...

Page 82: ...wing measurement methods are available Measurement of rod resistance with direct connection of clamp T2100 to the instrument Measurement of rod resistance by means of clamp T2100 used independently and subsequent connection of the clamp to the instrument for data transfer CAUTION The measurement carried out by clamp T2100 can be used to evaluate single rods resistance values within an earth instal...

Page 83: ...ay by the instrument 3 The meaning of the symbols is the following This icon indicate the correct serial connection of the clamp to the instrument Touch this icon to zero all the values of the measured probes and the correspondent parallel resistance Touch this icon to add a rod to the measurement The N parameter increases by one unit RA indicates the calculation of the parallel of resistances for...

Page 84: ...nt shows the symbol and the result value appears in red like in the screen to the side Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 Rods resistance measurement with clamp T2100 used in an independent way 1 Turn the clamp T2100 on perform the measurements on each rod of the earth network considered by saving the results in its internal memory see the user manual of clamp ...

Page 85: ...is not driven into a pebbly or scarcely conductive ground In this latter case pour water around the rod to decrease its resistance value see 13 13 3 When starting a measurement the instrument checks the continuity of measuring cables If the ampermetric circuit blue cable H and black cable E is interrupted or its resistance value is too high the instrument displays a screen similar to the one on th...

Page 86: ...lying any transduction constant Fig 33 Measurement of environmental parameters through external probes 1 Touch the icon The screen to the side appears on the display Touch the icon in the lower left corner to set the type of measurement The following screen appears on the display 2 Move the left slide bar reference to select the type of measurement among the options C temperature in Celsius degree...

Page 87: ...le as shown in the screen to the side Confirm the choices by going back to the initial measurement screen 4 Insert in the auxiliary In1 input the transducer necessary for the desired measurement as shown in Fig 33 5 The measured value appears on the display in real time as shown in the screen to the side Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 ...

Page 88: ...se to Phase line impedance The test can be performed also with high resolution 0 1m with optional accessory IMP57 CAUTION The measurement of line impedance or fault loop impedance involves the circulation of a maximum current according to the technical specifications of the instrument see 11 1 This could cause the tripping of possible magnetothermal protections at lower tripping currents For the c...

Page 89: ...splay Possibility for the operator to manually set the Offset Z1 impedance without carrying out the first measurement With this option the icon is shown on the display and the following screen appears on the display 3 Touch the icon to zero the value in the field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the Offset Z1 impedance within the range 0 000 to 9999 Confirm the selection and go bac...

Page 90: ... upstream of the initial point of the main line being tested taking it as start reference The following screen referred to L L measurement appears on the display 7 Touch the icon to start the first Z1 Offset impedance measurement The symbol appears on the display during measurement At the end of measurement the following screen appears on the display 8 The value of Z1 Offset impedance is shown on ...

Page 91: ... value the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument which contains the value of the Z2 end of line impedance together the Z1 Offset value Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 11 In case of negative result maximum percentage value of calculated voltage drop according to 13 12 set limit value the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument which cont...

Page 92: ... like the one to the side Check that the system being tested is supplied 3 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B1 phase conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of the tests 4 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B4 neutral conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the exec...

Page 93: ...les 8 If the instrument detects a danger voltage on PE conductor it does not carry out the test and displays a screen like the one to the side This message can also appair in case of an insufficient pressure of the GO STOP key 9 If the instrument detects a voltage VN PE 50V or 25V depending on the selection it does not carry out the test and displays a screen like the one to the side 10 If during ...

Page 94: ...e type of RCD The following screen appears on the display 2 Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the waveform of the differential switch between the options type AC type A type B Move the second slide bar reference by selecting the desired rated current of the differential switch between the options 6mA 10mA 30mA 100mA 300mA Move the third slide bar reference by selecting the type of the...

Page 95: ...te lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of RCD tripping time measurement selection the screen to the side appears on the display when the hourglass icon indicates the performance of the test 7 Press the GO STOP key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the meas...

Page 96: ...f the RCDX1 the auto test is automatically blocked the symbol is shown and the screen to the side is displayed Note red value of the tripping time Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 12 In case of negative result of the RCD the auto test is automatically blocked the symbol is shown and the screen to the side is displayed Note red value of the tripping current Pr...

Page 97: ...ess the GO STOP key for few seconds or the START key on the remote lead During this whole stage do not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from the system under test In case of RCD tripping current measurement selection the screen to the side appears on the display when the hourglass icon indicates the performance of the test 8 In case of positive result of the three test sequentially...

Page 98: ...o test is automatically blocked the symbol is shown and the screen to the side is displayed Note red value of the tripping current Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save the measurement see 7 1 13 In case of negative result of the M L PE the auto test is automatically blocked the symbol is shown and the screen to the side is displayed Note red value lower than minimum set trhreshold of th...

Page 99: ... like the one to the side Check that the system being tested is supplied 3 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B1 phase conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of the tests 4 If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to terminal B4 neutral conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the side and blocks the exec...

Page 100: ...y the instrument before executing the selected test the instrument does not carry out the test and displays a screen like the one to the side Check that the IdN set value is consistent with the differential switch in question and that all loads connected downstream of it are disconnected 9 If the instrument detects a danger voltage on PE conductor it does not carry out the test and displays a scre...

Page 101: ... EN 100 11 If the instrument detects a voltage value higher than 10V at its terminals it does not carry out the L N PE insulation test gives out a long sound and the screen reported here to the side is displayed ...

Page 102: ...harmonic analysis on Single phase and Three phase balanced systems Fig 36 Connection for measurement on Single phase installations Fig 37 Connection for measurement on Three phase balanced installations 1 Touch the icon The display shows the screen on the right Touch the right bottom icon to set the measurement mode and the full scale of used transducer clamp The display shows the following screen...

Page 103: ... measurement of the voltage in Single phase plant or at L1 and L2 phase according to Fig 37 for the measurement of voltage in a Three phase balanced plant Connect the clamp to In1 input of the instrument and to the phase conductor for Single phase or to the L3 phase for Three phase balanced systems The arrow on the clamp must follow the direction in which the current normally flows from the genera...

Page 104: ...anced and the fundamental and the current harmonics from 1th up to 25th order A blue frame immediately identifies the harmonic of higher amplitude except for the fundamental The display shows the numeric value of the harmonics amplitudes identified by the hxx symbol and the THD see 13 14 appear in the right side of the display Use the arrow keys or or touch the correspondent icon on the display to...

Page 105: ...display Touch the lower icon in order to set the parameter of EVSE system under test The following screen appears 2 Move the reference of the left sliding bar by selecting one of the followed parameters test on Single phase EVSE system test on Three phase EVSE system Move the reference of the central sliding bar by selecting one of the followed parameters EVSE system in unventilated environment EV...

Page 106: ... on input E and input B1 to the main earth collector of the system Act on the three adapter selectors by setting the followed positions as shown by the instrument by flashing red blue indications PP State NC CP State A Fault OK Press the icon to continue with the test or press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 6 The RPE test is performed by the instrument only in AUTO mode...

Page 107: ...st and to continue with the next test point 10 8 At the end of the test if the value of the measured resistance is higher than the limit set the screen to the side is shown on the display The value is shown in red and the symbol indicates the non ok result of the measurement The indication 1999 indicates the out of scale of the instrument Press again the GO STOP key to repeat the test Press the SA...

Page 108: ...ed screen is shown on the display 12 For single phase EVSE systems the measurement result is shown in the screen to the side The values of the real test voltages are shown on the display The symbol indicates the correct result of the measurement Press again the GO STOP key to repeat the test Press the SAVE key or touch the icon for the partial saving of the test and continue with the next test poi...

Page 109: ... icon for the partial saving of the test and continue with the next test on L3 phase The followed screen is shown on the display 16 Connect the input B1 on the input L3 of adapter as shown in the screen to the side Press the icon to continue with the test or press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 17 The measurement result of the L3PE and NPE test is shown in the screen to...

Page 110: ...n the display The value is shown in red and the symbol indicates the negative result of the measurement Press again the GO STOP key to repeat the test Press the SAVE key or touch the icon for the partial saving of the test and to end the test sequence The instrument shows the message shown in the followed screen for a few seconds 19 Repeat the sequence again if necessary ...

Page 111: ...ocked plug unlocked plug B B Nominal current OK VL1N 10V 10V VL1 PE 10V 10V VN PE 10V 10V VCP peak 9V 0 6V Frequency DC 0Hz Charge current 0A C C Nominal current OK VL1N Vnom 10 external interval VL1 PE Vnom 10 VN PE 25V 25V VCP peak 6V 0 53V Frequency 1kHz 0 5 Charge current calculated D D Nominal current OK VL1N Vnom 10 external interval VL1 PE Vnom 10 VN PE 25V 25V VCP peak 3V 0 6V Frequency 1k...

Page 112: ...rement The symbol also indicates a positive result of the measurement but with values outside the limits present in the Table 4 Press again the GO STOP key to repeat the test Press the SAVE key or touch the icon for the partial saving of the test and continue with the next test point 24 22 If the test fails the screen like the one on the side is shown on the display The incorrect value of the para...

Page 113: ...system In this case to continue with the tests select the icon 25 Repeat the sequence again after restoring normal operation of the EVSE system 26 Press the icon to activate the test on B state The following screen is shown on the display Press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 27 The result of the measurement is shown in the screen to the side The symbol indicates the cor...

Page 114: ...s of the adapter by setting the followed positions as shown by the instrument with flashing red blue indications PP State 13A 20A 32A or 63A CP State C Fault OK Press the icon to activate the test on C state The following screen is shown on the display Press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 31 The result of the measurement is shown in the screen to the side The symbol ind...

Page 115: ...rument with flashing red blue indications PP State 13A 20A 32A or 63A CP State D Fault OK NOTE the EVSE station should have the possibility to activate manually or automatically the forced ventilation system Press the icon to activate the test on D state The following screen is shown on the display Press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 35 The result of the measurement is...

Page 116: ... switches of the adapter by setting the followed positions as shown by the instrument with flashing red blue indications PP State 13A 20A 32A or 63A CP State C Fault PE Press the icon to activate the test on PE state or press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 39 The result of the measurement is shown in the screen to the side The symbol indicates the correct result of the ...

Page 117: ...n by the instrument with flashing red blue indications PP State 13A 20A 32A or 63A CP State C Fault E NOTE Some EVSE stations could not manage this error condition In this case leave the Fault selector in the PE position to perform the test Press the icon to activate the test on E state or press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial screen 43 The result of the measurement is shown in...

Page 118: ... to the adapter as shown in the diagram on the display input B4 on input N input B3 on input E and input B1 on input L1 Act on the three adapter selectors by setting the followed positions as shown by the instrument by flashing red blue indications PP State 13A 20A 32A or 63A CP State C Fault OK Press the icon to continue with the test or press the icon to exit the test and return to the initial s...

Page 119: ... limit contact voltage and the RCD tripping current see 13 8 the screen to the side is shown by the instrument in which the contact voltage value is indicated on the secondary display Note the presence of the result of the contact voltage measurement highlighted in red Press again the GO STOP key for a few seconds to repeat the test Press the SAVE key or touch the icon for the partial saving of th...

Page 120: ...r the partial saving of the test and follows with the next test point 55 53 In case of negative result ZL PE or ZL N HIGHER to limit impedance relative to protection device within the specified time see 13 7 the screen to the side is displayed by the instrument Note the presence of the result of the measurement highlighted in red Press again the GO STOP key for a few seconds to repeat the test Pre...

Page 121: ... mode 0 Touch the second icon The followed screen is shown on the display 57 Move the third slide bar reference by selecting the desired rated current of the differential switch between the options 6 10 30 100 300 500 650mA Press the icon to continue with the test or press the icon to exit the test and return to the previous screen Touch the third icon The followed screen is shown on the display 5...

Page 122: ...e followed screen for a few seconds 60 Restore the EVSE system as follows Move CP State selector A Move CP State selector C If the RCD trip out reset it Press the icon to continue with the next test point 63 61 At the end of the test if the tripping current is not within the values of the table in the relevant 11 1 the instrument displays the symbol to indicate the negative outcome of the test and...

Page 123: ...he display 65 Move the second slide bar reference by selecting the waveform of the differential switch between the options type AC type A type B Move the third slide bar reference by selecting the desired rated current of the differential switch between the options 6 10 30 100 300mA Press the icon to continue with the test or press the icon to exit the test and return to the previous screen Touch ...

Page 124: ...Press the SAVE key or touch the icon for the final saving of the test on EVSE system see 7 1 68 At the end of the test if the tripping current is not within the values of the table in the relevant 11 1 the instrument displays the symbol to indicate the negative outcome of the test and displays a screen like the one to the side Press again the GO STOP key for a few seconds to repeat the test Press ...

Page 125: ... a user comment on the performed measurement This comment is visible both after downloading the saved data to the PC with the management software see 8 and dring the recalling of the result at display see 7 2 2 Press the or key to insert a main marker or a sub marker The screen to the side is shown by the instrument Touch one of the names on the list this to select the desired marker among the fix...

Page 126: ...he previous screen 3 Touch the icon to recall and possibly change the comment entered when saving test on EVSE system via the internal virtual keyboard Touch the icon to go back to the previous screen NOTE it is not possible to review the detail of the individual measurements on the display but only the result of the partial test 4 Touch the icon to delete the last saved result in the instrument m...

Page 127: ...own to the side and blocks the operation 3 In case tries to create a sub node by using a just used name the instrument provides the warning screen shown to the side and is necessary to define a new name 4 In case tries to define a numebr of nodes of 1st 2nd and 3rd level higher than 250 for each level the instrument provides the warning screen shown to the side 5 In case tries to include a comment...

Page 128: ...rding the operation 5 Touch the icon to go back to the general menu of the instrument Connecting to a PC through WiFi 1 Enable the WiFi connection on the target PC ex by using a WiFi key installed and connected to a USB port 2 Put the instrument in data transfer mode to a PC see 8 point 3 Enable the WiFi connection touch the icon in the top right side of the display The symbol appear at display In...

Page 129: ...or insertion inside the half shells 3 Shoulder strap with snap hooks 4 Strap with snap hooks to fix the instrument to the operator s body Fig 39 Strap set parts How to assemble the parts 1 Remove the half shells from the instrument by levering the upper parts and pulling outwards see Fig 39 Fig 40 Remove lateral half shells 2 Mount the 4 hooks see Fig 38 part 2 inside the slots on the half shells ...

Page 130: ...Gx Series EN 129 Fig 41 Mounting hooks to fix straps 3 The instrument with the fitted half shells and hooks must be as shown in Fig 41 Fig 42 Instrument with fitted half shells and hooks ...

Page 131: ...g the inner part which surrounds the operator s neck see Fig 42 Fig 43 Complete mounting of set strap 5 Connect the snap hooks of the strap for fixing the instrument to the operator s body see Fig 38 part 4 to the two hooks at the bottom of the instrument and adjust the strap to keep the instrument horizontal to the operator see Fig 42 ...

Page 132: ...rying out this operation make sure you have disconnected all cables from the input terminals 1 Switch off the instrument by pressing the ON OFF key 2 Remove the cables from the input leads 3 Loosen the battery compartment cover fastening screw and remove the cover 4 Remove all the batteries from the battery compartment and replace them with new batteries of the right type only 11 3 making sure to ...

Page 133: ...0 01 9 99 0 01 2 0 reading 2digits 10 0 99 9 0 1 100 499 1 5 0 reading 2digits 500 0 01 9 99 0 01 2 0 reading 2digits 10 0 199 9 0 1 200 499 1 500 999 5 0 reading 2digits 1000 0 01 9 99 0 01 2 0 reading 2digits 10 0 199 9 0 1 200 999 1 1000 1999 5 0 reading 2digits Open circuit voltage rated test voltage 0 10 Rated measuring current 1mA with 1k x Vnom 50V 100V 250V 1000V 2 2mA with 230k 500V Short...

Page 134: ...999 999 999 310 100mA AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 160 210 50 150 310 A 999 999 999 999 999 999 160 210 50 150 310 B 999 999 999 999 999 999 310 300mA AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 160 210 50 150 310 A 999 999 999 999 999 999 160 210 50 150 310 B 999 999 999 999 999 999 310 500mA 650mA AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 160 210 50 150 310 A 999 999 999 999 999 999 160 210 310 B 1000mA AC 999 999 999 999 999 99...

Page 135: ... 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 A 999 999 999 999 999 999 B Table with duration of tripping time measurement ms Resolution 1ms Accuracy 2 0 reading 2digits Duration of RCD without integral current breaking device tripping time IT systems x 1 2 x 1 x 2 x 5 AUTO G S G S G S G S G S G S 0 3A 3 0A AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150 310 A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150 B 3 1A 6 5A AC 999 99...

Page 136: ...9 0 01 5 reading 3 digits 10 0 99 9 0 1 100 999 1 1 00k 9 99k 0 01k 10 0k 99 9k 0 1k 100k 999k 1k 1 00M 3 14M 0 01M with distance between the probes d 10m Distance range 1 10m Test current 10mA 77 5Hz Open circuit voltage 20Vrms Phase rotation with 1 test lead Voltage range P N P PE V Frequency range 100 265 50Hz 60Hz 5 Measurement is only carried out by direct contact with metal live parts not on...

Page 137: ...0 01 200A FS 1000 0 0 999 9 0 1 1000A FS 3000 0 9999 1 Reactive power 230V in 1Ph systems 400V in 3Ph systems cos 0 f 50 0Hz FS clamp Range kVAr Resolution kVAr Accuracy 10A 0 000 9 999 0 001 1Ph 2 0 rdg 7 rdg 3Ph 3 0 rdg 8 rdg 10A FS 200 0 00 999 99 0 01 200A FS 1000 0 0 999 9 0 1 1000A FS 3000 0 9999 1 Power factor 230V in 1Ph systems 400V in 3Ph systems f 50 0Hz Range Resolution Accuracy 0 70c ...

Page 138: ...S Mechanical characteristics Size L x W x H 225 x 165 x 75mm 9 x 6 x 3in Weight batteries included 1 2kg 42 ounces Mechanical protection IP40 Power supply Battery type 6x1 5V alkaline batteries type AA IEC LR06 MN1500 6 x1 2V rechargeable batteries NiMH type AA Low battery indication low battery symbol on the display Battery life 500 tests for each function Auto Power OFF after 5 minutes idling if...

Page 139: ...nsequence of improper packaging Repairs which may become necessary as a consequence of interventions performed by unauthorized personnel Modifications to the instrument performed without the manufacturer s explicit authorization Use not provided for in the instruments specifications or in the instruction manual The content of this manual cannot be reproduced in any form without the manufacturer s ...

Page 140: ... and the other to the earth installation using for example the protective conductor of the closest socket Fig 44 Examples for continuity measurements on conductors Check the continuity among Earth poles of all the plug sockets and earth collector or node Earth terminals of class I appliances boilers etc and earth collector or node Main external masses water tubes gas pipes etc and earth collector ...

Page 141: ...e Circuit nominal voltage V Test voltage V Insulation resistance M SELV and PELV 250 0 250 Up to equal to 500 V except for the above mentioned circuits 500 1 000 Over 500 V 1000 1 000 The terms SELV and PELV replace in the standards new wording the old definitions of Very low safety voltage or Very low functional voltage Table 5 Most common test types insulation resistance measurement If the syste...

Page 142: ...ower than that of the insulation transformer protective separation to earth insulation no lower than that of the insulation transformer Purpose of the test The test to be performed if protection is obtained through separation must check that the insulation resistance measured as described below according to the type of separation complies with the limits reported in the table relating to insulatio...

Page 143: ...rated circuit and the other to one of the conductors of a non separated circuit TEST BETWEEN ACTIVE PARTS AND EARTH Connect an instrument probe to one of the two conductors of the separated circuit and the other to the equalizing potential node This test must be performed for SELV circuits or circuits with electrical separation only Equalizing potential node Fig 45 Separation measurements between ...

Page 144: ...es to a half the devices malfunction rate However this test only detects 24 of the defective differential switches Parts of the system to be checked All differential switches must be tested upon installation In low voltage systems it is advisable to perform this test fundamental in order to guarantee a correct safety level In medical rooms this test must be performed periodically on all differenti...

Page 145: ...ION DEVICES Purpose of the test Checking that the breaking capacity of the protection device is higher than the maximum fault current possible in the system Parts of the system to be checked The test must be performed at the point in which the maximum short circuit current is possible normally immediately downstream of the protection device to be checked The test must be performed between phase an...

Page 146: ...ed by the following relationshisp Zs Ia Uo where Zs Fault Loop P PE impedance which includes the phase winding of the transformer the line conductor up to the fault point and the protective conductor from the fault point to the star center of the transformer Ia Tripping current of the protection device within the specified time in Table 8 Uo nominal AC voltage refer to ground CAUTION The instrumen...

Page 147: ...46 Example of curves relative to magnetothermal MCB protection The instrument allows the selection of the following parameters MCB current B curve selectable among values 3 6 10 13 15 16 20 25 32 40 45 50 63 80 100 125 160 200A MCB current C K D curves selectable among values 0 5 1 1 6 2 3 4 6 10 13 15 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200A Nominal current Fuse BS88 2 selectable among values 2 4...

Page 148: ... every point of the system the followed relationships are satisfied ZL PE ZLIM 1 ZL N ZLIM 2 where ZL PE Impedance measured between phase and PE ZL N Impedance measured between phase and neutral ZLIM Maximum limit impedance depending on type MCB or Fuse and tripping time of the selected protection values depending on countries The following selections are available on the instrument MCB current B ...

Page 149: ...ated tripping current of the RCD in case of RCD S 2 IdN in ampere 50 safety limit voltage reduced down to 25V in special environments If the system protection is obtained through a differential switch the measurement must be performed upstream of this switch or downstream of it by short circuiting the switch in order to prevent it from tripping These methods although not currently foreseen by guid...

Page 150: ...th through an impedance of a line conductor It must however take precautions to avoid the risk of harmful physiological effects on people in contact with conductive parts simultaneously accessible in the case of a double earth fault Purpose of the test Verify that the impedance of the ground probe in which the mass are connected satisfyteh following relationship L d E U I Z where ZE L PE impedance...

Page 151: ...dinf to to following expressions a Min L L SC I I 2 _ Three phase system Loop L L impedance a Min N L SC I I _ Single phase system Loop L N impedance a Min PE L SC I I _ Single phase system Loop L PE impedance where Isc L L_Min2F Prospective short circuit current minimum double phase L L Isc L N_Min Prospective short circuit current minimum L N Isc L PE_Min Prospective short circuit current minimu...

Page 152: ...ion type curve Rated current of the protection device Time of fault extinction by the protection The instrument allows the selection of the following parameters MCB current B curve selectable among values 3 6 10 13 15 16 20 25 32 40 45 50 63 80 100 125 160 200A MCB current C K D curves selectable among values 0 5 1 1 6 2 3 4 6 10 13 15 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200A Nominal current Fuse ...

Page 153: ...cted section of the protective conductor is adequate for the management of the protective device chosen In case of negative result it is not necessary to select a higher value than the section or change the protection The following selections are available on the instrument MCB current B curve selectable among values 3 6 10 13 15 16 20 25 32 40 45 50 63 80 100 125 160 200A MCB current C K D curves...

Page 154: ... system to be checked The test includes two sequential impedance measurements in the initial point of main power line typically downstream to a protection device and in the final point of the same line Allowable values The instruments compares the calculated value of V maximum voltage drop to the set limit value according to applicable guidelines according to the following relationship 100 INOM 1 ...

Page 155: ...V 10 85 5 00 86 2 00 96 1 00 117 0 50 220 0 20 537 0 10 654 0 05 716 Table 9 Maximum allowable values for contact voltage Allowable values The maximum earth resistance is calculated using the following relation g tp t I U R where Utp maximum allowable contact voltage in the system on the basis of the value of Utp the values not included in Table 9 are obtained by linear interpolation according to ...

Page 156: ...n For extension terminals always use connectors having measurement category overvoltage and voltage appropriate for the point where you plan to connect the instrument see 1 4 The use of the optional accessories 1066 IECN black and 1066 IECR red is recommended Method for small sized earth networks Let a current stream between the earth network under test and an auxiliary rod placed at a distance eq...

Page 157: ...rrent rod then moving the probe both to the system under consideration and to the auxiliary current rod These measurements should provide compatible results any significant differences between the various measured values indicate that the voltage probe has been stuck within the zone of influence of the system under test or the auxiliary current rod Such measurements cannot be considered as reliabl...

Page 158: ...sistivity measurement The resistivity value is given by the following relation E 2 d R where E specific ground resistivity d distance between the probes m R resistance measured by the instrument The measuring method allows defining the specific resistivity of a ground layer up to the depth corresponding approximately to the distance d between the two rods If you increase the distance d you can rea...

Page 159: ... touching the ground c resistance of linked elements The resistance of a complex system made of more elements in parallel is always higher than the resistance which could result from a simple calculation of single elements in parallel especially if those elements are close to each other and therefore interactive For this reason in case of a linked system the following formula is quicker and more e...

Page 160: ... the index of the sigma is from 1 to the infinite What happens in reality is that a signal does not have an unlimited number of harmonics a number always exists after which the harmonics value is negligible The EN 50160 standard recommends to stop the index in the expression 1 in correspondence of the 40 th harmonic A fundamental element to detect the presence of harmonics is THD defined as 1 40 2...

Page 161: ...ar secondary transformers The secondary generally provides 230V AC from phase to neutral and 400V AC from phase to phase Balancing the loads on each phase has always represented an headache for electric systems designers Until some ten years ago in a balanced system the vectorial sum of the currents in the neutral was zero or quite low given the difficulty of obtaining a perfect balance The device...

Page 162: ...perating at its rated capacity when not suited to the harmonics This is necessary because the harmonic current in the neutral wire of the secondary circuit circulates in the delta connected primary circuit This circulating harmonic current heats up the transformer Phase harmonic currents are reflected on the primary circuit and continue back to the power source This can cause distortion of the vol...

Page 163: ... i i i v N P 1 1 N i i N i i i N v N S 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 P S Q S P Pf where N number of samples in the period Three phase balanced mode The instrument measures the values of RMS Voltage between L1 and L2 phases and RMS Current on L3 phase and calculates the average Power values for each period The formulas for power calculation are N i i i i v N Q 1 1 3 N i i N i i i N v N S 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 Q S P ...

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