Glossary
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Instruction Manual: evolution 5000 E5500 Mobile Contribution Encoder
ST.TM.E10033.3
Footprint
The area of the Earth’s surface covered by a satellite’s downlink transmission. Also (generally) the area from
which the satellite can receive uplink transmissions.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol.
G.703
The ITU-T standard which defines the physical and electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces.
GOP (Group of Pictures)
MPEG video compression works more effectively by processing a number of video frames as a block. The NDS
System Encoder normally uses a 12 frame GOP, every twelfth frame is an I frame.
GUI
Graphical User Interface.
HDTV
High Definition Television.
HPA (High Power Amplifier)
Used in the signal path to amplify the modulated and up-converted broadcast signal for feeding to the uplink
antenna.
Hub
A device in a multipoint network at which branch nodes interconnect.
ICAM (Integrated Conditional
Access Module)
Embedded in the IRD and responsible for descrambling and packet filtering and reception. It also contains the
physical interface to the subscriber’s viewing card.
IEC
International Electrotechnical Committee.
IF (Intermediate Frequency)
Usually refers to the 70 MHz or 140 MHz output of the modulator in satellite and cable transmission applications.
Interframe Coding
Predictive coding where values for prediction are taken from the previous and the current frame. That is, coding
exploits temporal redundancy by using forward or backward prediction to produce P or B Frames.
Intraframe Coding
Coding of a macroblock or picture that uses information only from that macroblock or picture. Exploits spatial
redundancy by using DCT to produce I Frames.
IP
Internet Protocol.
I-picture; I-frame (Intracoded
Picture/Frame)
A picture/frame which is coded using purely intra coding, with reference to no other field or frame information. The
I frame is used as a reference for other compression methods.
IPPV (Impulse Pay Per View)
One-time events that the subscriber purchases ‘on impulse’ using pre-arranged credit from the SMS, not as part of
a subscription.
IRD (Integrated Receiver
Decoder)
The receiver with an internal decoder which is connected to the subscriber’s TV. The IRD is responsible for
receiving and de-multiplexing all signals. The unit receives the incoming signal and decodes it when provided with
a control word by the viewing card. (Domestic IRDs are also known as Set-Top Units or Set-Top Boxes.)
IRE (Institute of Radio
Engineers)
No longer in existence but the name lives on as a unit of video amplitude measurement. This unit is 1% of the
range between blanking a peak white for a standard amplitude signal.
ISDN (Integrated Services
Digital Network)
An ISDN line usually refers to a 64 kbit/s data line.
ISO
International Standards Organisation.
ITS (Insertion Test Signal)
A suite of analogue test signals placed on lines in the VBI. Also known as VITS.
ITT
Invitation To Tender.
ITU-R
International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications Study Groups (was CCIR).
ITU-T
International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications Standardisation Sector (was CCITT).
JPEG (Joint Photographic
Experts Group)
An ISO/IEC international standards group developing an image compression algorithm for continuous tone still
colour pictures.
Kbps / kbps
1024 bits per second / 1000 bits per second.
Ku-band
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum which spans the frequency range of approximately 12 GHz to
14 GHz. Used by communications satellites. Preferred for DTH applications because this range of frequency is
less susceptible to interference.
LAN (Local Area Network)
A network which provides facilities for communications within a defined building or group of buildings in close
proximity.
L-band
The frequency band from 950 MHz to 2150 MHz which is the normal input frequency range of a domestic IRD. The
incoming signal from the satellite is down-converted to L-band by the LNB.
LED
Light Emitting Diode.
LNB (Low Noise Block Down-
Converter)
The component of a subscriber satellite transmission receiving dish which amplifies the incoming signal and down-
converts it to a suitable frequency to input to the IRD (typically 950 MHz - 1600 MHz).
LO
Local Oscillator.
LSB
Least significant bit.
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