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CDM-625 Advanced Satellite Modem

Revision 1

Rear Panel Connector Pinouts

MN-0000036 (Ref MN/CDM625.IOM)

3.3.2.3.2

CA-0000164 Adapter Cable

Figure 3-4. CA-0000164 Adapter Cable (DB-9M

(2X) RJ-48F)

Table 3-7. CA-0000164 Pin Assignments

Twisted

Pair

Signal Function

5 1

Port 1 or 3 Tx In +

Port 1 or 3 Tx In -

Port 1 or 3 Rx In +

Port 1 or 3 Rx In -

Port 2 or 4 Tx In +

Port 2 of 4 Tx In -

Port 2 or 4 Rx In +

Port 2 or 4 Rx In -

3 3

GND

3.3.2.4 Unbalanced G.703 / ASI – Out (IDO), In (DDI) Connectors

Connector Type

Description

Direction

BNC

G.703 Unbalanced Rx (IDO) / ASI

Out

G.703 Unbalanced Tx (DDI) / ASI

3.3.2.5 G.703 IDI (Insert Data In) , DDO (Drop Data Out) Connectors

Connector Type

Description

Direction

BNC

IDI (Insert Data Input)

DDO (Drop Data Output)

Out

3–9

Содержание CDM-625

Страница 1: ...on 1 1 5 or higher see New in this Release Section 1 6 IMPORTANT NOTE The information contained in this document supercedes all previously published information regarding this product Product specific...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...mware Version 1 1 5 or higher see New in this Release Section 1 6 Part Number MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM Revision 1 May 28 2008 Copyright 2008 Comtech EF Data All rights reserved Printed in the USA...

Страница 4: ...This page is intentionally blank...

Страница 5: ...ns and Warnings xviii Recommended Standard Designations xviii Electrical Safety xix Fuses xix Environmental xix Installation xix Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive xx CE Mark xx RoHS Comp...

Страница 6: ...n this Release 1 8 1 7 Summary of Specifications 1 9 1 7 1 Modulator 1 9 1 7 2 Demodulator 1 12 1 7 3 Data Interfaces 1 15 1 7 4 Automatic Uplink Power Control 1 15 1 7 5 DoubleTalk Carrier in Carrier...

Страница 7: ...Audio Connector HD 44F 3 10 3 3 5 ESC Connector DB 9F 3 11 3 4 Utility Connections 3 11 3 4 1 Remote Control Interface Connector DB 9M 3 11 3 4 2 Alarms Connector DB 15M 3 12 3 4 3 PMSI Connector DB 9...

Страница 8: ...nsion 5 24 5 4 5 4 CONFIG Clocks Ext Freq Ref 5 25 5 4 5 5 CONFIG Clocks Internal Reference 5 25 5 4 6 CONFIG D I Drop Insert 5 26 5 4 6 1 CONFIG D I Drop Channel Timeslots 5 26 5 4 6 2 CONFIG D I Ins...

Страница 9: ...G IP SNMP Communities Write 5 43 CONFIG IP SNMP Traps 5 43 CONFIG IP SNMP Traps Community 5 44 CONFIG IP SNMP Traps Version 5 44 CONFIG IP SNMP Traps Address 5 44 5 4 13 3 CONFIG IP Ethernet Switch Se...

Страница 10: ...ontrol BUC 5 64 5 10 5 ODU FSK control BUC Configuration 5 64 ODU FSK control BUC Status 5 64 5 10 6 ODU FSK control 2 CSATs 5 64 ODU FSK control 2 CSATs Redundancy Box 5 64 5 10 7 ODU FSK control 2 C...

Страница 11: ...T View 5 74 5 11 2 FAST Demo Mode 5 75 CHAPTER 6 ETHERNET MANAGEMENT 6 1 6 1 Introduction 6 1 6 2 Ethernet Management Interface Protocols 6 1 6 3 SNMP Interface 6 1 6 3 1 Management Information Base M...

Страница 12: ...ODU Status Page CSAT 5060 6 29 6 5 4 5 3 2 ODU Status Page KST 2000A B 6 30 6 5 4 5 4 ODU Utilities Page 6 31 6 5 4 5 4 1 ODU Utilities Page CSAT 5060 6 31 6 5 4 5 4 2 ODU Utilities Page KST 2000A B 6...

Страница 13: ...strial or Int SCT Clock 9 3 9 3 3 Buffer Enabled RX TX TX Terrestrial or Int SCT Clock 9 3 9 4 X 21 Notes 9 3 9 5 Drop and Insert 9 6 9 6 Frame Formats 9 6 9 7 Time Slot Selection 9 7 9 8 Drop and Ins...

Страница 14: ...2 M C Connection 11 2 11 3 Setup Summary 11 3 11 4 Drop Insert 11 3 CHAPTER 12 ESC 12 1 12 1 Introduction 12 1 12 2 Overhead Details 12 1 12 3 Available Baud Rates 12 2 12 4 Configuration 12 2 12 5 Ef...

Страница 15: ...edure C 2 C 2 1 Serial Number C 2 C 2 2 View currently installed features C 2 C 2 3 Enter Access Codes C 2 APPENDIX D REMOTE CONTROL D 1 D 1 Overview D 1 D 2 EIA 485 D 1 D 3 EIA 232 D 2 D 4 Basic Prot...

Страница 16: ...2 Table 7 2 Concatenated RS Coding Summary 7 3 Table 7 3 8 PSK TCM Coding Summary 7 4 Table 7 4 Available TPC and LDPC Modes 7 7 Table 7 5 Comparison of all Comtech EF Data TPC and LDPC Modes CDM 625...

Страница 17: ...17 Figure 7 8 Rate 7 8 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 8 QAM and 16 QAM TPC 7 18 Figure 7 9 Rate 0 95 QPSK and Rate 0 95 8 PSK Turbo Product Coding 7 19 Figure 7 10 Rate 1 2 BPSK QPSK OQPSK LDPC coding 7 20 Figure 7...

Страница 18: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Table of Contents MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM xvi This page is intentionally blank...

Страница 19: ...l number and a description of the problem Request a Return Material Authorization RMA number from the Comtech EF Data Customer Support representative Pack the product in its original shipping carton p...

Страница 20: ...ted on the inside back cover of this manual This information is provided to assist the operator in cross referencing non metric to metric conversions Cautions and Warnings CAUTION CAUTION indicates a...

Страница 21: ...erated in an environment where the unit is exposed to extremes of temperature outside the ambient range 0 to 50 C precipitation condensation or humid atmospheres above 95 RH altitudes un pressurised g...

Страница 22: ...ic Telecommunications Network CE Mark Comtech EF Data declares that the CDM 625 modem meets the necessary requirements for the CE Mark RoHS Compliancy This unit satisfies with exemptions the requireme...

Страница 23: ...13 Immunity to Harmonics IMPORTANT To ensure that the Modem continues to comply with these standards observe the following instructions Connections to the transmit and receive IF ports BNC female con...

Страница 24: ...ions of Warranty The warranty does not apply to any part of a product that has been installed altered repaired or misused in any way that in the opinion of Comtech EF Data Corporation would affect the...

Страница 25: ...rticular purpose The buyer shall pass on to any purchaser lessee or other user of Comtech EF Data Corporation s products the aforementioned warranty and shall indemnify and hold harmless Comtech EF Da...

Страница 26: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Preface MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM xxiv Notes...

Страница 27: ...ns It is compliant with IESS 308 309 310 315 specifications but also adds significant other features in closed network modes A new demod design incorporates fast acquisition improved composite power h...

Страница 28: ...the interface circuits the The second card is the modem itself which performs all signal processing functions of modulation demodulation and primary Forward Error Correction o Forward Error Correctio...

Страница 29: ...Panel Figure 1 2 CDM 625 Front Panel View F 1 2 shows the front panel of the modem The front panel features from left eight LED indicators a keypad and a Vacuum Fluorescent Display VFD The user enters...

Страница 30: ...3 4 Remote Control 9 pin Type D male Serial Remote Interface RS232 485 Alarms 15 pin Type D male Form C Alarms relay closures PMSI 9 pin Type D female Pre Mapped Symbol Interface CnC 1 1 Control 9 pin...

Страница 31: ...E at rates up to 14 Mbps X 21 DTE and DCE at rates up to 14 Mbps V 35 DCE at rates up to 14 Mbps G 703 E1 balanced and unbalanced G 703 T1 balanced G 703 E2 unbalanced G 703 T2 balanced and unbalanced...

Страница 32: ...tion BPSK QPSK OQPSK BASE UNIT 8 PSK and 8 QAM FAST 16 QAM FAST Open Network All IDR IBS Open Network features FAST Drop and Insert T1 E1 D I single port FAST Quad E1 Drop and Insert FAST DoubleTalk C...

Страница 33: ...can be ordered and installed either at the factory or in the field The operator can select options that can be activated easily in the field depending on the current hardware configuration of the mod...

Страница 34: ...DM 550 and CDM 550T modems not including sequential FEC Being an Open Network Modem the CDM 625 is fully compatible with modems from other manufacturers that are compliant with the IESS 308 309 310 31...

Страница 35: ...6 BPSK Rate 21 44 QPSK OQPSK Rate 3 4 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM Rate 7 8 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 16 QAM Rate 0 95 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK exact Code Rate is actually 0 944 LDPC Codec optional plug in module includes...

Страница 36: ...As an input 1 2 5 or 10MHz 6dBm to 10dBm nominal 50 75 BNC female connector As an output 10MHz 2 7 volts peak to peak 0 4 volts low impedance output The Ext reference phase locks Tx and Rx synthesize...

Страница 37: ...fset 105 10 Hz 125 100 Hz 138 1 kHz 148 10 kHz 150 100 kHz BUC Supply Voltage Standard unit has no BUC supply Optional BUC Supply 24VDC 4 17 Amps maximum 100W 48VDC 3 125 Amps maximum 150W 50 o C 180...

Страница 38: ...average at 18 kbps R1 2 QPSK 10 kHz 6dB Eb No Note The use of Reed Solomon TPC LDPC VersaFEC increases acquisition time due to the additional time taken for these decoders to declare synchronization...

Страница 39: ...Q OQ Guaranteed Eb No typical value in parentheses 3 8dB 3 4dB 4 1dB 3 7dB 4 4dB 4 0dB Rate 3 4 8 PSK 8 QAM Guaranteed Eb No typical value in parentheses 6 4 dB 6 0 dB 6 7 dB 6 3 dB 7 1 dB 6 7 dB Rate...

Страница 40: ...44 QPSK is shown as Rate 1 2 on the Front Panel display etc 2 The demod acquisition and tracking threshold for OQPSK is approx 1 dB worse than the QPSK case in this mode Plesiochronous Doppler Buffer...

Страница 41: ...4 kbps ESC data clock IDR BWA Inputs 4 backward alarm Form C relay outputs 2 audio channels each occupying 32 kbps bandwidth as part of IDR overhead or as a 64 kbps primary data rate option 600 balanc...

Страница 42: ...2 5 Msymbols sec Desired Inbound 18 ksymbols sec Ratio of power spectral density 11 dB Absolute power ratio CnC Ratio 11dB 10 log Outbound desired symbol rate 38 4 dB Inbound Outbound frequency uncert...

Страница 43: ...data rate 64 to 2048 kbps only all formats EIA 232 Earth station link at 1 480 th of primary data rate One BW alarm 126 112 219 201 for IESS 310 mode IESS 309 scrambler D I 1 15 of front panel data ra...

Страница 44: ...0 25000 0 TPC 16 QAM 7 8 63 0 25000 0 LDPC BPSK 1 2 18 0 6250 0 LDPC O QPSK 1 2 18 0 12500 0 LDPC QPSK 3 4 27 0 18750 0 LDPC QPSK 2 3 24 0 16666 6 LDPC 8 PSK 8 QAM 3 4 40 5 25000 0 LDPC 8 PSK 8 QAM 2...

Страница 45: ...QPSK 3 4 24 0 16598 3 VITERBI O QPSK 7 8 27 9 19364 7 TRELLIS 8 PSK 2 3 31 9 22131 1 VIT 16 QAM 3 4 47 9 25000 0 VIT 16 QAM 7 8 55 8 25000 0 IBS NO REED SOLOMON Lower Limit kbps Upper Limit kbps No F...

Страница 46: ...LIS 8 PSK 2 3 64 0 24609 3 TPC BPSK 5 16 64 0 3700 6 TPC BPSK 21 44 aka 1 2 64 0 5651 9 TPC O QPSK 21 44 aka 1 2 64 0 11745 3 TPC O QPSK 3 4 64 0 18457 0 TPC O QPSK 17 18 aka 0 95 64 0 23242 1 TPC O Q...

Страница 47: ...rnet port ftp protocol Dimensions 1RU high 17 65 inches 448 mm deep Weight 10 5 lbs 4 8 kgs max All option cards and 48V BUC supply installed AC consumption 48 watts typical TPC LDPC Codec and CnC mod...

Страница 48: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Introduction MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 1 22 Notes...

Страница 49: ...an 1 inch into the container This can cause damage to the modem Unpack and inspect the modem as follows Step Procedure 1 Cut the tape at the top of the carton indicated by OPEN THIS END 2 Remove the c...

Страница 50: ...2 1 Optional Rear Mounting Support Bracket Installation Install optional rear mounting support brackets using mounting kit KT 6228 2 Quantity Part Number Description 2 HW 10 32SHLDR Screw 10 Shoulder...

Страница 51: ...re no interface cards to install and no other options to install All configurations are carried out entirely in software The unit should first be configured locally using the front panel keypad and di...

Страница 52: ...lect TEST IF LOOP refer to Chapter 5 FRONT PANEL OPERATION The demod should synchronize and the green RECEIVE TRAFFIC LED should illuminate If the unit does not pass this test call Comtech EF Data s C...

Страница 53: ...provide all necessary external connections between the modem and other equipment Table 3 1 on the next page summarizes the connectors provided on the rear panel interface grouped according to service...

Страница 54: ...In BNC female Transmit G 703 DDI ASI IDI BNC female Insert Data In Sub rate Auxiliary Tx G 703 In DDO BNC female Drop Data Output Sub rate Auxiliary Rx G 703 Out 10 100 Ethernet 4X RJ45 female 10 100...

Страница 55: ...tages present on the Type N Rx and Tx IF connectors up to a maximum of 48 volts CA UTIO N 3 2 1 Rx IF Connectors Connector Type Description Direction Type N Rx IF signal L band In BNC Rx IF signal 70...

Страница 56: ...dem to DTE RT B SCR B RT B RT B 115 8 Receiver Ready A Modem to DTE RR A RLSD CA A RR A 109 10 Receiver Ready B Modem to DTE RR B CA B RR B 109 5 Clear to Send A Modem to DTE CS A CTS 106 13 Clear to...

Страница 57: ...a standard 50 pin Type HD HSSI SCSI II female connection Refer to Table 3 3 for the pin assignments for the HSSI side of the CIC 60 Adapter Module Note Prior to using this adapter the user must first...

Страница 58: ...gnal Ground SG 102 7 32 Ground DTE Available TA 108 2 8 33 to DCE Terminal Timing TT 113 9 34 to DCE Loopback circuit A LA 143 10 35 to DCE Not used Send Data SD 103 11 36 to DCE Loopback Circuit B LB...

Страница 59: ...Function Quad D I 5 Tx in DDI Port 1 Tx In 9 Tx in DDI Port 1 Tx In 4 DDO Port 1 Rx Out 8 DDO Port 1 Rx Out 7 IDI Port 2 Tx In 2 IDI Port 2 Tx In 6 Rx out IDO Port 2 Rx Out 1 Rx out IDO Port 2 Rx Out...

Страница 60: ...uxiliary G 703 9 pin Type D female connectors to either a standard 15 pin Type D or a RJ 48 female connection pair Refer to Table 3 6 or Table 3 7 for the pin assignment for these optional adapter cab...

Страница 61: ...9 2 Port 1 or 3 Tx In 4 4 X Port 1 or 3 Rx In 8 5 Port 1 or 3 Rx In 7 1 X Port 2 or 4 Tx In 2 2 Port 2 of 4 Tx In 6 4 X Port 2 or 4 Rx In 1 5 Port 2 or 4 Rx In 3 3 3 GND 3 3 2 4 Unbalanced G 703 ASI...

Страница 62: ...Normally Open 2 BWA3 out Normally Closed 17 BWA4 out Common 31 BWA4 out Normally Open 1 BWA4 out Normally Closed 41 Audio In 1 11 Audio In 1 10 Audio In 2 25 Audio In 2 26 Audio Out 1 40 Audio Out 1 3...

Страница 63: ...A in 8 RS 485 Rx Data B out 9 RS 485 Rx Data A out 3 4 Utility Connections 3 4 1 Remote Control Interface Connector DB 9M The Remote Control Interface is a 9 pin Type D male connector It is intended...

Страница 64: ...ergized Faulted Unit Fault Energized No Fault Unit Fault UNIT NC UNIT NO UNIT COM 11 3 Rx I Channel Constellation monitor Rx Q Channel Constellation monitor RX I RX Q 10 No Connection N C 2 AGC Voltag...

Страница 65: ...s intended only for connection to a CRS 170A or CRS 180 Redundancy Switch Table 3 13 1 1 Control Interface Connector Pin Assignments Pin Description Direction 1 Ground 2 Receive Serial Data auxiliary...

Страница 66: ...x Input Voltage 100 240 volts AC 6 10 autosensing total absolute max range is 90 254 volts AC Connector Type IEC Fuse Protection 4A Slow blow Line and neutral fusing 20 mm type fuses 3 5 2 Direct Curr...

Страница 67: ...anel Connector Pinouts MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 3 5 3 Chassis Ground Connector A 10 32 stud adjacent to the power connector is used for connecting a common chassis ground among equipment Note The...

Страница 68: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Rear Panel Connector Pinouts MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 3 16 Notes...

Страница 69: ...nd updates can now be sent via the Internet Figure 4 1 via E mail or on CD This chapter outlines the complete upgrading process as follows New firmware can be downloaded via the Internet to an externa...

Страница 70: ...c type mkdir temp or MD temp without quotes mkdir and MD stand for make directory This is the same as creating a new folder from Windows There should now be a c temp subdirectory created where c is th...

Страница 71: ...nnection Determine the IP address of the modem remotely or using the front panel Remotely use the 0 IPA command Front panel use the SELECT Configuration IP Addresses Addr Range menu Using DOS to PING...

Страница 72: ...nel keypad to change to the other image then press ENTER The modem front panel will then display Recycle power now to reboot from the other image f Verify the new software versions are booting by obse...

Страница 73: ...the CDM 625 from the front panel using the keypad and display Nested menus are used which display all available options and prompt the user to carry out a required action Figure 5 1 identifies the key...

Страница 74: ...Rx Traffic Faults demod and Viterbi decoder are locked everything is OK Off An Rx Traffic fault exists the demod may still be OK On line Green The Unit is On Line and carrying traffic Off The Unit is...

Страница 75: ...on to another 5 1 3 Front Panel Vacuum Fluorescent Display VFD The CDM 625 features a Vacuum Fluorescent Display VFD The VFD is an active display showing two lines of 40 characters each It produces a...

Страница 76: ...The CDM 625 modem is designed to be a drop in replacement for the CDM 600 and CDM 600L modems To be able to do this the CDM 625 has an emulation mode which may be configured via remote control using t...

Страница 77: ...STORE LOAD BUC LNB FSKSETUP VIEW UPGRADE OPTIONS DEMO MODE SELECT CONFIGURE TEST INFORMATION MONITOR STORE LOAD UTILITY ODU FAST icon indicating CnC isactive CONFIGURE RECEIVE CONFIGURE CLOCKS CONFIG...

Страница 78: ...ored events for the modem Info 5 7 Information Permits the user to view information on the modem without having to go into the Configuration screens Store Ld 5 8 Store Load Permits the user to store a...

Страница 79: ...branches would be used if the user wished to change for example just the Rx data rate Clocks Permits the user to select Tx Clocking Rx Buffer Clock or External Reference D I Permits the user to select...

Страница 80: ...elected the data rate menu will be restricted to only the appropriate G 703 rates If an IDR framing mode is selected the data rate choices will be limited to only those rates specified by IESS 308 Mod...

Страница 81: ...utomatic Uplink Power Control data between local and distant end units EDMAC is backwards compatible with the CDM 500 CDM 550 CDM 550T CDM 600 and CDM 600L EDMAC 2 is a reduced overhead version of EDM...

Страница 82: ...ator must be unlocked continuously for a period of 10 seconds before the transmit carrier is inhibited This time interval is fixed and the user cannot change it Having this feature enabled does not af...

Страница 83: ...re the sign is determined by the LO mix parameter 5 4 3 3 CONFIG Tx Power Output Power Mode Manual Manual AUPC Level 20 0 dBm 34v Select the parameter to edit using the arrow keys Edit the output leve...

Страница 84: ...e demod is unlocked The choices are Nom Pwr Nominal Power where the output level will revert to the nominal power level set under Manual or Max Pwr Maximum Power where the output level will change to...

Страница 85: ...raming mode are as follows IESS 310 open or closed network 219 201 IBS open or closed network 126 112 EDMAC or D I closed network 200 180 IDR open network 225 205 219 201 or 194 178 ESC closed network...

Страница 86: ...s any of the higher priority parameters causing the data rate to become invalid the Data Rate is adjusted automatically The upper range of data rate will also be dictated by the FAST option s installe...

Страница 87: ...t operating mode If framing None the ITU V 35 scrambler Intelsat variant is used If framing IBS the IESS 309 scrambler is used If LDPC encoding is configured the standard ITU V 35 scrambler is used If...

Страница 88: ...ncy uncertainty the demodulator will sweep over in order to find and lock to an incoming carrier When operating at low bit rates large values of sweep range compared to the data rate cause excessively...

Страница 89: ...0000 MHz LO 12500 MHz Sat 13700 0000 MHz 34v As the IF frequency is edited the Satellite frequency is updated accordingly Satellite Frequency LO IF frequency where the sign is determined by the LO mi...

Страница 90: ...keys then press ENTER When selecting Reed Solomon On proceed to the next menu CONFIG Rx FEC Reed Solomon On Reed Solomon Decoding IESS 310 219 201 Standrd 126 110 IESS 310 219 201 v Use the arrow keys...

Страница 91: ...the arrow keys Edit the value of the digit using the arrow keys then press ENTER The maximum limits for the data rate are 18kbps to 25Mbps The actual minimum and maximum data rates are dependent on F...

Страница 92: ...he standard ITU V 35 descrambler will be used If Turbo decoding is configured a second descrambler selection is available IESS 315 V 35 instead of the TPC frame descrambler If TPC and Carrier inCarrie...

Страница 93: ...itor screen to determine any improvement 5 4 4 8 CONFIG Rx EbNo Receive EbNo Alarm Point 02 0 dB 34v Select the digit of the Alarm Point to be edited using the arrow keys Edit the value of the digit u...

Страница 94: ...rate an alarm This is the required setting when the modem s interface type is G 703 Rx Loop timed Will allow the modem s internal clock to be phase locked to the Rx buffer clock source This output clo...

Страница 95: ...t clock Int SCT Data is clocked out of the buffer using the same reference that drives the modem Internal SCT Ins ert Sets the buffer clock to the Insert stream Available only if Rx framing is D I and...

Страница 96: ...he mode and the interface type using this menu If the user selects Mode the following sub menu is displayed G 703 Clock Extension Mode RxEnable None TxLock RxEnable v The user may select one of the fo...

Страница 97: ...s used as an output on the rear panel Ext Ref In Out BNC connector When this mode is selected an amber LED adjacent to the connector illuminates to alert the user that the connector normally used as a...

Страница 98: ...Data Input IDI without the user having to externally connect cables to these ports Edit the Drop Type Drp Type Insert Type Ins Type and Loop Y N using the arrow keys Then using the arrow keys select...

Страница 99: ...alue using the arrow keys then press ENTER The number of Channels depends on the data rate If the data rate is 1920 kbps then only the E1 formats are available and the Chan TS menus are disabled This...

Страница 100: ...ibutary port number QDI Drp Ch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Port X TS 01 02 03 04 11 12 13 14 The display can only show up to 8 channels If a character is displayed at the top right hand side this means that there...

Страница 101: ...03 04 11 12 13 14 The display can only show up to 8 channels If a character is displayed at the top right hand side this means that there are more channels to view beyond channel 8 as in this example...

Страница 102: ...splays as follows CnC Mode Off Off On Card not installed v With no module installed CnC Mode will be Off and this menu may not be edited 5 4 8 2 CONFIG CnC Search Delay CnC Search Delay range 0 330ms...

Страница 103: ...py of its output the outbound interferer to one or many other modems The other modem s may then choose to take the PMSI signal and use it for its own CnC reference This has applications in both 1 1 an...

Страница 104: ...arrow keys If the mode is Master or Slave the lower line will show an address Use the arrow keys to select the character to edit then the arrow keys to edit the value Press ENTER when done An EDMAC M...

Страница 105: ...displayed here depend on which G 703 interface type has been selected The choices are as follows HDB3 for E1 E2 or sub rate operation B8ZS for T1 and unbalanced T2 operation B6ZS for balanced T2 opera...

Страница 106: ...ress ENTER The possible options are as follows RTS CTS Loop No Action RTS and CTS are looped so that CTS echoes the state of RTS but RTS does not control the ON OFF state of the carrier Loop RTS contr...

Страница 107: ...2 The High Rate IBS Engineering Service Channel requires the Open Network FAST option When enabled the lower of the Tx or Rx primary data rate according to the table below limits the maximum baud rat...

Страница 108: ...up Delay is enabled when the modem is powered up a Warm Up Delay Countdown will be activated during which the Tx is suppressed A countdown of the remaining Warm up Delay is displayed on the front pan...

Страница 109: ...IS is set to Active a fault will be generated whenever the demodulator senses that the all ones condition is present in the receive data If an alarm is Masked no alarm will be generated 5 4 11 2 CONFI...

Страница 110: ...row keys then press ENTER If the user selects Active a Tx Traffic alarm will be generated if a G 703 interface is active and the input is lost or removed or if another interface type is selected where...

Страница 111: ...eed to be customized for the physical set up Consider Two modems two BUCs in parallel If a fault occurred on the active modem BUC pair switchover is desired so you should configure the BUC mask to Att...

Страница 112: ...llel one LNB If a fault occurred on the active modem switchover is desired If a fault occurred on the LNB a switchover of modems might or might not fix the problem If switchover should be implemented...

Страница 113: ...l possible Selecting Remote or Local displays the submenus that follow 5 4 12 1 CONFIG Remote Settings Interface RS 485 4W 232 485 2 485 4 Address 0001 9600 baud 34v Use the arrow keys to select the p...

Страница 114: ...is read only menu shows the unit MAC address Exit this menu by pressing ENTER or CLEAR CONFIG IP Addresses Gateway Ethernet IP Gateway 192 168 001 002 34v Edit the IP Gateway Address for the Ethernet...

Страница 115: ...racters are available with the exception of the backslash ASCII code 92 and ASCII code 126 When the user has composed the string press ENTER All trailing spaces are removed from the Community string u...

Страница 116: ...removed from the Community string upon entering CONFIG IP SNMP Traps Version SNMP Traps Version SNMP ver1 ver1 ver2 v Select the version using the arrow keys then press ENTER CONFIG IP SNMP Traps Addr...

Страница 117: ...en use the arrow keys to edit the parameter The ports may be 1 through 4 and WAN The information may be Unicasts Broadcasts Pause Multicasts FCS Error Align Error Good Octets Bad Octets Undersize Frag...

Страница 118: ...o disturb external cabling Furthermore all of the receive configuration parameters are temporarily changed to match those of the transmit side When Normal is again selected all of the previous values...

Страница 119: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Front Panel Operation MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM Figure 5 3 Loopback Modes 5 47...

Страница 120: ...Power Cal Calibration data stored in EEPROM is checked at power up to verify that the factory calibration has not been corrupted FPGA downloads are verified to have been loaded successfully Hi Stab Fr...

Страница 121: ...k its output Unit Network Loss TxFrm Loss of Tx frame occurs in Drop Insert operation when the incoming T1 or E1 frame cannot be found by the modem BER 10E 3 This error rate monitor is enabled for IBS...

Страница 122: ...the previous menu The event log can store up to 255 events When a fault condition occurs it is time date stamped and put into the log Similarly when the fault condition clears this is also recorded Us...

Страница 123: ...he highest value seen in the interval IMPORTANT If the demod has lost lock during the measurement interval the minimum Eb No will show LOSS rather than indicate a value However the average value while...

Страница 124: ...g Rx Level A dBm reading indicating the signal level of the desired receive carrier Resolution 0 5dB 5 6 5 Monitor AUPC Parameters AUPC Params Remote EbNo 6 8 dB Transmit Power Increase 1 2 dB The top...

Страница 125: ...y step process by scrolling through each menu in succession Us the arrow keys to select between Stop and Start Press ENTER to continue through all the configurations Note that this display is read onl...

Страница 126: ...5 5 16 21 44 or 1 1 Scrm None or IESS Turbo Only 5 7 5 Info Rx Rx 0070 0000MHz 02 0dB 30 RSI N Vit RS 126 112 01544 000 QPSK 1 2 Scrm A sample display of Rx Info is shown The information displayed her...

Страница 127: ...t mode the display shows the same information as the Config D I Drop menu 5 7 9 Info Insert Insert Type CH 1 E1 CCS TS 01 This screen shows the Insert Type and channel allocations Pressing ENTER or CL...

Страница 128: ...at EbNo LNB CEX This modem screen shows only the alarm s that are currently masked though all are shown for this example If an alarm is not masked a blank is displayed in the relevant screen position...

Страница 129: ...eys then press ENTER The user can store up to 10 different modem configurations As they are stored the time and date is recorded This time and date information is shown on the lower line as the locati...

Страница 130: ...th international convention the date is shown in DAY MONTH YEAR format 5 9 2 Utilities Display Brightness Edit Display Brightness 100 v To edit the display BRIGHTNESS use the arrow keys The values of...

Страница 131: ...acters are available Space 0 9 and A Z When the user has composed the string press ENTER 5 9 7 Utilities Firmware IMPORTANT THESE MENUS ARE FOR DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSES ONLY CHANGE AN IMAGE IF INSTRUCTED T...

Страница 132: ...em is designed to be a drop in replacement for the CDM 600 and CDM 600L modems To be able to do this the CDM 625 has an emulation mode which may be configured via remote control using the remote comma...

Страница 133: ...Use the arrow and ENTER keys to select the next menu BUC PwrSupply Ref Provides access to menus to enter a Tx LO frequency and to control a 10MHz reference and for Power supply control and alarm limit...

Страница 134: ...options are shown in parentheses Use the arrow keys to edit the setting then press ENTER when done 5 10 1 3 ODU BUC PwrSupply Ref PSUmonitor BUC Power Supply 0000mA 00 0V This display shows the power...

Страница 135: ...vailable options are shown in parentheses Use the arrow keys to edit the setting then press ENTER when done 5 10 2 3 ODU LNB PwrSupply Ref PSUmonitor LNB Power Supply Off 0000mA 00 0V This display sho...

Страница 136: ...menu ODU FSK control BUC Status BUC Pwr 4 5watts Pclass 5 W PLL locked 45degC Ver 3 This menu is read only information Return to the previous menu by pressing ENTER or CLEAR 5 10 6 ODU FSK control 2...

Страница 137: ...edundancy system is in AUTO mode a forced switch over can only occur if the currently OFFLINE unit is fault free 5 10 7 ODU FSK control 2 CSATs CSAT CSAT Configuration Monitor Alarms Info 34 Use the a...

Страница 138: ...select the parameter to edit Use the arrow keys to edit the parameter then press ENTER to implement or CLEAR to cancel and return to the previous menu LNA State Either OFF or ON controls whether or n...

Страница 139: ...he value will scroll between 000 and 255 NOTE The Internal Reference is adjusted in the factory to be very accurate with the default setting of 087 This parameter is made available to compensate for t...

Страница 140: ...ress ENTER or CLEAR to return to previous menu ODU FSK control 2 CSATs CSAT Alarms Stored Alarms As the stored events are being read the screen will show Reading Storeds Fault Please Wait Then the Sto...

Страница 141: ...ious menu ODU FSK control 2 CSATs CSAT Information Tx Info Tx Off 6427 0MHz 23 00dB Amp Off Unmuted Slope 0 3 Press ENTER or CLEAR to return to previous menu This window shows Tx Frequency Tx Attenuat...

Страница 142: ...FSK control KST Configuration Tx Tx Off Freq 13955 MHz Att 23 dB AGC Off 34v Use the arrow keys to select the parameter to edit then use the arrow keys to edit the parameter The user may edit Tx Freq...

Страница 143: ...ntrols whether or not a LNA fault is indicated on the Fault status and l activates the Summary Fault Relay Select Summary or No Summary CAL To calibrate select YES and press ENTER Calibration allows t...

Страница 144: ...10 8 3 ODU FSK control KST Alarms Current Status Up OK Ref OK AGC OK P Supplies OK Dn OK HPA OK LNA OK This is Summary Status information Use the arrow keys to select one of Up Ref AGC Power Supplies...

Страница 145: ...Quad D I L band Select FAST options menu or the the Demo Mode menu using arrow keys and press ENTER 5 11 1 FAST Options FAST options 1 Set View 2 Set View 3 Set View 34v There are three separate regis...

Страница 146: ...88 then ENTER 34v FAST Set is used to enable new options in the modem Obtain the FAST code for the new option from Comtech EF Data Enter the code carefully Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to eac...

Страница 147: ...will display the number of seconds remaining for the free Demo Mode When enabled Demo Mode allows access to ALL CDM 625 FAST options for 604800 seconds 7 full days Demo Mode may be turned on and off a...

Страница 148: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Front Panel Operation MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 5 76 Notes...

Страница 149: ...orts three 3 different management protocols SNMP with public and private MIB Telnet interface for remote product M C Web Server interface for complete product management 6 3 SNMP Interface The Simple...

Страница 150: ...ps MIB file Trap MIB file is provided for SNMPv1 traps common for modem These MIB files should be compiled in a MIB Browser or SNMP Network Monitoring System server Note The SNMP agent supports both S...

Страница 151: ...IB2 v1traps v2 notifications that the modem supports MIB2 SNMPv1 trap Authentication Failure 5 MIB2 SNMPv2 notifications Authentication Failure 1 3 6 1 6 3 1 1 5 5 The following tables are the Alarms...

Страница 152: ...C via the standard equipment Remote Control protocol The Telnet interface Requires user login at the Administrator level and Read Write level The screen capture below shows the login process Once logg...

Страница 153: ...sy to use interface to configure and monitor all aspects of the CDM 625 These Web pages have been designed for optimal performance when using Microsoft s Internet Explorer Version 5 5 or higher the ex...

Страница 154: ...ite User Read Only User Web Full Access to all Web Pages No Access to Admin or Encryption Web pages No Access to Admin or Encryption Web pages Full Access for all other Web Pages View Only Access for...

Страница 155: ...MN CDM625 IOM 6 5 4 Web Server Page Descriptions 6 5 4 1 Home Page 6 5 4 1 1 Home Home Page Figure 6 1 CDM 625 Satellite Modem Home page From any location within the Web Server Interface the user can...

Страница 156: ...ment MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 6 8 6 5 4 1 2 Home Contact Page Figure 6 2 Home Contact Information page n to reach Comtech EF Data Sales and Customer Support via phone or automated e mail links The...

Страница 157: ...splay allows up to 256 characters maximum The CDM 625 Support Web Page uses SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol to send e mail to Comtech EF Data Modem Support cdmipsupport comtechefdata com IMPORTANT...

Страница 158: ...age The Admin Access page Figure 6 4 provides the means to set up user names passwords the e mail server and the host IP addresses to facilitate communication with the CDM 625 Web Server System Accoun...

Страница 159: ...mote clients can connect when the Access List is Enabled Each entry allows a user to specify an IP address and a subnet mask to define a unique class of machines that are allowed access For example if...

Страница 160: ...wo SNMP Trap IP addresses The Administrator can assign a SNMP Trap Community String The factory default for this parameter is public The SNMP Trap Community String field can be any combination of char...

Страница 161: ...used to configure the modem s IP Address and Gateway Network Configuration IP Gateway Address Configure the modem s IP Gateway and Address using these fields Ping Reply Select Enable or Disable as nee...

Страница 162: ...rs including Tx Rx Interfaces and Framing IMPORTANT other parameters and should be configured before setting other parameters ration parameters available on this page refer to Chapter 5 RONT PANEL OPE...

Страница 163: ...age Figure 6 8 is used to configure the following overhead interfaces ESC including Tx Rx IDR Esc Type Audio Volume High Rate ESC IDR Backward Alarms for Tx 1 4 and Rx 1 4 AUPC EDMAC Framing Mode and...

Страница 164: ...have been made in this section the user should then click Submit Unit Utilities as needed to save those changes Clocks o Tx Rx Clock Sources Rx Buffer Size External Clock External Frequency Reference...

Страница 165: ...01 to 12 and YY year 00 to 99 o The user may enter a time using HH MM SS format where HH hour 00 to 23 MM minutes 00 to 59 and SS seconds 00 to 59 Once the desired date and time have been entered in...

Страница 166: ...D I Parameters and the available parameters will adjust accordingly If the selected framing mode is Quad Drop Insert the heading will read Quad Drop Insert Parameters and the available parameters wil...

Страница 167: ...Enable 10 MHz Ref Enable and Output Power Enable may be turned ON or OFF The user may assign BUC Low and High Current Limit values ranging from 0 to 4000 mA The user may assign the Tx Lockout Frequen...

Страница 168: ...r L Band operation LNB Control LNB DC Power and LNB Reference Enable may be turned ON or OFF The user may assign LNB Low and High Current Threshold values ranging from 0 to 500 mA The user may assign...

Страница 169: ...gging and operational statistics windows 6 5 4 4 1 Status Modem Status Page Figure 6 13 Status Modem Status page The Status Modem Status page Figure 6 13 provides the user with read only status window...

Страница 170: ...ntrol over how the following parameters are processed by the unit Fault Alarms Stored Statistics The user is also able to configure Alarm Masks for the unit with this page For details on the configura...

Страница 171: ...gure 6 15 Status Firmware Info page The Status Firmware Info page Figure 6 15 provides the user with read only status windows that permit the user to view information about the currently loaded Bootro...

Страница 172: ...4 Status Ethernet Statistics Page Figure 6 16 Status Ethernet Statistics page Ethernet Statistics page Figure 6 16 is used to view Ethernet Statistics on a Per Port basis Click Clear to clear all sta...

Страница 173: ...ODU Status and ODU Utilities pages All ODU pages can be viewed by all three levels of user login However only a user with Administrative or Read Write privileges can submit changes to the ODU Config...

Страница 174: ...first enabling ODU communications as shown in the previous section the following error page is displayed Otherwise when properly configured to operate with either the CSAT 5060 or the KST 2000A B ODU...

Страница 175: ...the dropdown select On or Off Down Converter Parameters Frequency Enter a value in MHz Attenuation Enter a value in dB Slope Mode From the dropdown select Manual or Calibrated Slope Adjust Manual Mode...

Страница 176: ...uency Enter a value in MHz Attenuation Enter a value in dB Output From the dropdown select On or Off Down Converter Parameters Frequency Enter a value in MHz Attenuation Enter a value in dB Rx Band Fo...

Страница 177: ...e those changes 6 5 4 5 3 ODU Status Page Note The appearance of the ODU Status page changes depending on which type of ODU had been configured for operation with the CDM 625 These pages provide the u...

Страница 178: ...ently active unit as ONLINE in the right hand side of the box 6 5 4 5 3 2 ODU Status Page KST 2000A B Figure 6 21 ODU Status page KST 2000A B 0A B configured as the er with a read only status window t...

Страница 179: ...shows the ODU Utilities page as it appears with the CSAT 5060 configured as the ODU ODU Selection If redundant ODUs are used the CSAT 5060 ODU Utiltities page can be toggled between the Online and Of...

Страница 180: ...ve been entered in this section the user should then click Enter Date Time as needed to save these changes ODU Stored Events This window provides a visual record of the ODU stored events in a scrollab...

Страница 181: ...Figure 6 23 shows the ODU Utilities page as it appears with the KST 2000A B configured as the ODU The message bar at top identifies the ODU Type and HPA Type The KST 2000A B ODU Utilities page provide...

Страница 182: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Ethernet Management MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 6 34 Notes...

Страница 183: ...h a constraint length of seven This is a de facto standard even in a closed network environment which means almost guaranteed inter operability with other manufacturer s equipment It provides very use...

Страница 184: ...oduce clusters of errors that are multiples of half the constraint length For this reason the data must be interleaved following R S encoding and is then de interleaved prior to decoding This ensures...

Страница 185: ...t in link BER under given link conditions Very pronounced threshold effect does not fail gracefully in poor Eb No conditions Additional coding overhead actually degrades sync threshold and reduces lin...

Страница 186: ...ng gain performance Demod acquisition threshold much higher than for QPSK 8 PSK is more sensitive to phase noise and group delay distortion than QPSK 7 5 Turbo Product Codec Hardware Option Turbo codi...

Страница 187: ...approach the Shannon Limit The Viterbi algorithm heralded a major step forward followed in the early 1990s by the concatenation of a Viterbi decoder with Reed Solomon hard decision block codes However...

Страница 188: ...Comtech s implementation of 8 QAM is the subject of a US patent granted in 2007 Comtech EF Data chose the CDM 600 platform as the first satellite modem in which to implement both LDPC and 8 QAM and t...

Страница 189: ...n Lower Data Rate Limit kbps Upper Data Rate Limit kbps Rate 1 2 BPSK 18 0 6250 0 Rate 1 2 QPSK OQPSK 18 0 12500 0 Rate 2 3 QPSK OQPSK 24 0 16666 6 Rate 2 3 8 PSK 8 QAM 36 0 25000 0 Rate 3 4 QPSK OQPS...

Страница 190: ...IESS 310 5 6 dB 6 2 dB 1 82 bps Hz 0 56 x bit rate 666 kHz 8 QAM Rate 2 3 LDPC 4 3 dB 4 6 dB 2 00 bps Hz 0 50 x bit rate 595 kHz 8 QAM Rate 3 4 LDPC 4 7 dB 5 0 dB 2 25 bps Hz 0 44 x bit rate 529 kHz...

Страница 191: ...leaving while the TPC cases yield delays which are less than or equal to Sequential decoding which is not offered as an option in the CDM 625 Table 7 7 TPC and LDPC Summary FOR AGAINST Exceptionally g...

Страница 192: ...ideal NOTE Whenever uncoded operation is selected the modem offers the choice between enabling and disabling the differential encoder decoder appropriate for the modulation type The second problem inh...

Страница 193: ...9 1E 8 1E 7 1E 6 1E 5 1E 4 1E 3 1E 2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Specification limit Rate 1 2 Coding Uncoded BPSK QPSK Typical Performance Specification limit Rate 3 4 Coding 1 2 3 4...

Страница 194: ...e 1 2 and 220 200 Outer Code Uncoded BPSK QPSK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Viterbi with concatenated RS 220 200 Outer Code Combined sync threshold demod and Viterbi Decoder Rate 1 2 Sync threshold...

Страница 195: ...1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Specification limit Rate 2 3 Coding and 219 201 RS Outer Code Uncoded BPSK QPSK Typical Performance Specification limit Rate 2 3 Coding 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1...

Страница 196: ...10 11 12 Eb No in dB Specification limit Rate 3 4 Viterbi and 220 200 RS Outer Code Uncoded BPSK QPSK Typical Performance Specification limit Rate 7 8 Viterbi and 220 200 RS Outer Code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Страница 197: ...f MN CDM625 IOM 7 15 Figure 7 5 Rate 5 16 BPSK Turbo Product Coding 1E 9 1E 8 1E 7 1E 6 1E 5 1E 4 1E 3 1E 2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech Turbo Product Codec Ra...

Страница 198: ...Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech Turbo Product Codec Rate 21 44 BPSK QPSK OQPSK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 21 44 B Q OQPSK Typical performance Rate 21 44 QPSK is shown as R1...

Страница 199: ...8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech Turbo Product Codec Rate 3 4 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 8 QAM and 16 QAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 3 4 16 QAM Spec limit Rate 3 4 8 PSK 8...

Страница 200: ...4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech Turbo Product Codec Rate 7 8 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 8 QAM and 16 QAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 7 8 16 QAM Spec limit Rate 7 8...

Страница 201: ...E 3 1E 2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech Turbo Product Codec Rate 0 95 QPSK OQPSK and 8 PSK 8 QAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 0 95 8 PSK 8 QAM...

Страница 202: ...1E 2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech LDPC Codec Rate 1 2 BPSK QPSK OQPSK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 1 2 B Q OQPSK Typical performance Note The...

Страница 203: ...E 4 1E 3 1E 2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech LDPC Rate 2 3 QPSK OQPSK and 8 PSK 8 QAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 2 3 8 PSK Spec limit Rate 2...

Страница 204: ...2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Comtech LDPC Rate 3 4 QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 8 QAM and 16 QAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BER Spec limit Rate 3 4 16 QAM Spec limit Rate 3 4 Q...

Страница 205: ...tions MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 1E 9 1E 8 1E 7 1E 6 1E 5 1E 4 1E 3 1E 2 1E 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Eb No in dB Uncoded BPSK QPSK Differential Encoding No FEC no scrambling 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10...

Страница 206: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Forward Error Correction Options MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 7 24 Notes...

Страница 207: ...2 D I ESC E1 D I with CCS The remote modem constantly sends back information about the demodulator Eb No using reserved bytes in the overhead structure The local modem then compares this value of Eb N...

Страница 208: ...At this point the user will be prompted to define four key parameters Target Eb No Max Range Alarm and Demod Unlock 8 2 1 Target Eb No This is value of Eb No that the user desires to keep constant at...

Страница 209: ...e 8 3 Compensation Rate As with any closed loop control system the loop parameters must be chosen to ensure stability at all times Several features have been incorporated to ensure that the AUPC syste...

Страница 210: ...l to 16 dB the value 16 0 dB will be displayed As long as framing is enabled the value will still be available even though AUPC may be disabled Also displayed is the current value of TX power increase...

Страница 211: ...9 2 Transmit Clocking There are five transmit clocking modes in the CDM 625 EIA 422 449 signal mnemonics will be used for illustration but the description applies equally to V 35 HSSI and LVDS 9 2 1...

Страница 212: ...modem s internal clock will be substituted so an accurate and stable clock is present on ST rather than a clock that may jitter and wander in a random fashion G 703 ASI IP and Audio Does not apply 9...

Страница 213: ...Int SCT Clock In this instance it is required that buffer be enabled so that the clock and data appearing on Receive Timing and Receive Data RT and RD respectively are synchronous with the transmit c...

Страница 214: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Clock Modes and Drop and Insert D I MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM Figure 9 1 Tx Clock Modes 9 4...

Страница 215: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Clock Modes and Drop and Insert D I MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM Figure 9 2 Rx Clock Modes 9 5...

Страница 216: ...9 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15...

Страница 217: ...opped inserted For T1 the user can select any time slot TS from 1 to 24 The user may also select N A to leave a satellite channel unused The configuration menu allows time slots to be selected for tra...

Страница 218: ...ing and outgoing E1 T1 signal or to use the same T1 E1 signal for both Dropping and Inserting looped mode If Loop has been selected under the Drop and Insert configuration menu the Drop Data Out DDO s...

Страница 219: ...0 Single Source Multiple Modems Two ways to connect a single T1 or E1 stream to several modems are by looming or daisy chaining modems Looming method is illustrated in Figure 10 5 and Figure 10 6 illu...

Страница 220: ...ollow illustrate three possible G 703 clock extension modes Details of how to set up the modems for these various operating modes are given in Chapter 5 FRONT PANEL OPERATION 9 11 1 Clock Extension Mo...

Страница 221: ...ipment connected to the modem The form of this is an all ones signal which provides the maximum transition density in the AMI signal Note This scheme is sufficiently flexible to permit an E1 signal to...

Страница 222: ...35 Interface SD RT RD TT ST CDM 570 570L Rx Buffer Clock Synth Core Demod Mod SD TT G 703 Port 2048 or 1544 KHz O Tx timing mode Internal clock locked to G 703 Rx Buffer enabled clocked from ST USER...

Страница 223: ...from a high stability source EIA 530 v 35 Interface SD RD RT TT CDM 570 570L Tx timing mode External clock Rx timing Not important USER EQUIPMENT G 703 output T1 E1 all ones pattern EIA 530 v 35 Inte...

Страница 224: ...source IP Interface CDM 570 570L Clock Synth Core Demod Mod CLK DATA G 703 Port 2048 or 1544 KHz O Tx timing mode Internal clock locked to external G 703 Rx Buffer disabled G 703 output T1 E1 all ones...

Страница 225: ...the limitations that existed in the CDM Qx implementation have been overcome Summary When carriers share common bandwidth up to 50 savings in transponder utilization is possible 10 2 System Functional...

Страница 226: ...000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM CDM 600 Satellite Modem Upconverter Downconverter CDM 600 Satellite Modem Upconverter Downconverter CDM 625 with CnC CDM 625 with CnC CDM 625 with CnC Figure 10 1 Conventional...

Страница 227: ...nal suppression One possible way to mitigate false peaks is to narrow the correlation window For example if you know the delay to be around 240ms set the minimum search delay to 230ms and the maximum...

Страница 228: ...and down converter frequency uncertainties and other drift associated with the electronics in the CDM 625 itself The CnC module tracks and compensates for this frequency offset and drift 3 Atmospheri...

Страница 229: ...on of CnC there is no restriction on the ratio of symbol rates for the outbound interferer and the desired inbound carrier There could therefore be a significant difference in symbol rates The CnC Rat...

Страница 230: ...ed to the demodulator and decoder to recover the data When the CnC ratio increases the level of the interferer rises relative to the desired carrier and degradation grows As the CnC ratio decreases th...

Страница 231: ...nt carrier spacing is negligible when spacing is 1 3 x Symbol Rate and 0 dB is allocated for adjacent carrier degradation Initially the CnC ratio is 0 dB and the desired and interfering carriers are o...

Страница 232: ...re 10 7 Link with Fading at Site A eaving the demodulator to recover the desired carrier nearly absent the undesired interferer tio more de dation In links similar to these the unfaded end of the link...

Страница 233: ...a negative CnC ratio is also acceptable because the interfering signal is below the desired signal An asymmetric C Band link is shown in Figure 10 7 It has equal symbol rate carriers but the antenna...

Страница 234: ...e if the CnC ratio is 10 dB or more In a C Band link it is possible to tolerate the additional impairment but then the modem is operating with less margin One possibility to reduce the CnC ratio is to...

Страница 235: ...on and code rate The CnC ratio is highest at the site with the larger antenna Site A The CnC ratio for the site with the smaller antenna Site B is the same magnitude but opposite sign CnC site B CnC S...

Страница 236: ...ollows Below 32 ksymbols sec 1 to Rs kHz where Rs symbol rate in ksymbols sec Between 32 and 389 ksymbols sec 1 up to a maximum of 32kHz Above 389 ksymbols sec 1 to 0 1Rs kHz up to a maximum of 200 kH...

Страница 237: ...of each frame a 12 bit synchronization word is added This allows the demodulator to find and lock to the start of frame At regular intervals throughout the frame additional data bytes and flag bits a...

Страница 238: ...istant end Now a unit that has been designated an EDMAC master not only responds to its own unique bus address but it will also be configured to listen for the address that corresponds to its EDMAC Sl...

Страница 239: ...e bus address for the distant end This should normally be set to the base 10 address 1 For example if the MASTER unit is set to 30 choose 31 for the distant end unit On the distant end unit enable fra...

Страница 240: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 EDMAC Channel MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 11 4 Notes...

Страница 241: ...P3A are the input and output respectively for this data channel Because 38 4 kbaud is the maximum rate available the actual overhead percentage for ESC framing changes as the data rate increases there...

Страница 242: ...lected from the SELECT Configure Misc HiRateESC menu This is described in Chapter 5 FRONT PANEL OPERATION 12 5 Effect on Eb No performance Because particularly at lower data rates where the percentage...

Страница 243: ...erformance of the corresponding demodulator To overcome the problem of the envelope collapsing to a point of zero amplitude Offset QPSK places a delay between I and Q channels of exactly 1 2 symbol No...

Страница 244: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Offset QPSK Operation MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM 13 2 Notes...

Страница 245: ...Channels 64 kbps only full duplex Engineering Service Channel Earth Station to Earth Station Channel EIA 232 data synchronous at 1 480 of the primary data EIA 232 data asynchronous at 1 2000 of the pr...

Страница 246: ...verhead bytes per 60 data bytes and provides the rate exchanged transmit clock to the modulator portion of the base modem 14 2 3 IBS Engineering Service Channel Bi directional processing of the compon...

Страница 247: ...all T1 modes 1 to 30 E1 CAS and E1 CCS Arbitrary order non contiguous available Plesiochronous Buffer Sizes Selectable size of 64 to 262 144 bits in 16 bit steps with added limitations for G 704 fram...

Страница 248: ...and ESC features but with the following changes Accepts and outputs primary data through the G 703 connectors The data rate must be at T1 or E1 rates only This includes additional links for Drop Data...

Страница 249: ...nt range 6 to 8 dB 2 dB steps Audio Output Level Adjustment range 6 to 8 dB 2 dB steps Audio Filtering Internal 300 to 3400 Hz input and output ESC Data Interface Type EIA 422 ESC Data Rate 8 kbps als...

Страница 250: ...base modem Performs the corresponding demultiplexing of Rx satellite data received from the demodulator portion of the modem Resulting G 703 data is optionally encoded AMI B8ZS or HDB3 before being ou...

Страница 251: ...occasions especially for existing EIA 422 449 and V 35 users when a conversion must be made For these situations Figure A 1 depicts the cable required for EIA 530 to EIA 422 449 DCE conversion Figure...

Страница 252: ...00036 REF MN CDM625 IOM A 1 1 EIA 530 to RS 422 449 Data Cable Figure A 1 depicts the cable drawing for a EIA 530 to RS 422 449 DCE conversion for connections between the CDM 625 and the user data Fig...

Страница 253: ...Drawings MN 0000036 REF MN CDM625 IOM A 1 2 EIA 530 to V 35 Data Cable Figure A 2 depicts the cable drawing for a EIA 530 to V 35 DCE conversion for connections between the CDM 625 and the user data F...

Страница 254: ...Drawings A 1 3 RS 232 Remote Control Cable Figure A 3 depicts the cable required for a simple RS 232 connection between the CDM 625 Remote Control port and a PC serial port This cable is needed for Fl...

Страница 255: ...a spectrum analyzer if one is available The idea is to accurately measure the value of Co No No Carrier density Noise density Noise density This is accomplished by tuning the center frequency of the S...

Страница 256: ...priate column If the Co No No value measured does not correspond to an exact table entry interpolate using the two nearest values Note that the accuracy of this method degrades significantly at low va...

Страница 257: ...8 2 7 7 7 0 6 7 6 4 5 8 12 0 11 7 14 7 14 9 16 7 8 7 11 7 9 9 9 3 8 9 8 7 8 2 7 5 7 2 6 9 6 3 12 5 12 2 15 2 15 4 17 3 9 2 12 2 10 4 9 8 9 4 9 2 8 7 8 0 7 7 7 4 6 8 13 0 12 8 15 8 16 0 17 8 9 8 12 8...

Страница 258: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Eb No Measurement MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM B 4 Notes...

Страница 259: ...EF Data proprietary signal processing techniques These techniques allow the use of a unique access code to enable configuration of the available hardware The access code can be purchased at any time...

Страница 260: ...s and note which options are Installed or Not Installed Any that are Not Installed may be purchased as a FAST upgrade Contact a Comtech EF Data sales representative to order features You will be asked...

Страница 261: ...al data in different directions It is assumed that there is a controller device a PC or dumb terminal which transmits data in a broadcast mode via one of the pairs Many target devices are connected to...

Страница 262: ...transmission and reception by a UART The character format should be 8N1 The baud rate may vary between 1200 and 38 400 baud All data is transmitted in framed packets The controller is assumed to be a...

Страница 263: ...n characters Carriage Return Line Feed ASCII codes 13 10 2 characters Example 0000 BBU 107 cr lf D 5 1 Start of Packet Controller to Target This is the character ASCII code 60 Target to Controller Th...

Страница 264: ...of the parameter defined by the preceding byte For example In a message from controller to target TFQ would mean return the current value of the transmit frequency 2 From Target to Controller the onl...

Страница 265: ...l respond with TFQ ASCII Code 126 The code target to controller is only used as follows If a message was sent via a local modem to a distant end device or ODU the message was transmitted transparently...

Страница 266: ...X X D 27 M RLO X X D 22 TIT X X D 7 BFR X X D 54 EID X D 46 MAC X D 34 RMD X X D 18 TLO X X D 15 BFS X D 49 EMU X X D 24 MGC X X D 38 RNE X D 30 TMD X X D 9 BOE X X D 54 ESA X X D 26 MSK X X D 29 RNS...

Страница 267: ...to Command Query Instruction Qualifier Response to Query Tx Frequency TFQ 9 bytes Exception 600 emulation 8 bytes Command or Query Frequency ranges 50 MHz to 180 MHz and 950 MHz to 1950 MHz L band FA...

Страница 268: ...Insert requires QDI FAST option G 703 Balanced E1 CCS only Example TFM 0 selects Unframed mode TFM TFM TFM TFM TFM TFM x see description of arguments Tx FEC Type TFT 1 byte value of 0 thru 9 Command...

Страница 269: ...T option 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 Reserved Depending on FEC type not all of these selections will be valid Example TMD 2 which is OQPSK TMD TMD TMD TMD TMD TMD x see description of arguments Tx FEC Cod...

Страница 270: ...R TDR TDR TDR TDR TDR xxxxx xxx see description of arguments Tx Symbol Rate TSR 9 bytes numeric Query only This command allows remote access to the Tx symbol rate Format is ddddd ddd TSR TSR TSR TSR T...

Страница 271: ...where 0 Off 1 Normal 2 IESS 315 when in Turbo mode Example TSC 1 Scrambler On TSC TSC TSC TSC TSC TSC x see description of arguments Tx Power Level TPL 4 bytes Command or Query Tx Output power level b...

Страница 272: ...rolled by STDMA Controller Note arguments indicated with a are status only They are not valid as a command and are not indicated in MGC response Example TXO 1 Tx Carrier ON TXO TXO TXO TXO TXO TXO x s...

Страница 273: ...ase APP APP APP APP APP APP abc cd see description of arguments Remote Eb No N A 4 bytes Query only Returns the value of Eb No of the remote demod Responds 99 9 remote demod unlocked Responds xx x if...

Страница 274: ...uery DROP parameter Transmit terrestrial Alarm Mask conditions where 0 Alarm is active unmasked 1 Alarm is masked Example TTA 1 masks an alarm TTA TTA TTA TTA TTA TTA x see description of arguments Dr...

Страница 275: ...ot 0 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 V 31 DTS DTS DTS DTS DTS DTS yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyy indicating all 24 Drop timeslots values associated with the 24 Tx Satellite channels TX LO Frequency TLO 6 bytes Comma...

Страница 276: ...y Instruction Qualifier Response to Query Rx Frequency RFQ 9 bytes Exception 600 emulation 8 bytes Command or Query Frequency ranges 50 MHz to 180 MHz and 950 MHz to 1950 MHz L band FAST option Resolu...

Страница 277: ...ion 4 EDMAC 5 D I requires D I FAST option 6 ESC 7 EDMAC 2 8 Quad Drop Insert requires QDI FAST option Example RFM 0 selects Unframed mode RFM RFM RFM RFM RFM RFM x see description of arguments Rx FEC...

Страница 278: ...tion 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 Reserved Depending on FEC type not all of these selections will be valid All other codes are invalid Example RMD 2 selects OQPSK RMD RMD RMD RMD RMD RMD x see description...

Страница 279: ...Rate RSR 9 bytes numeric Query only This command allows remote access to the Rx Symbol Rate Format is ddddd ddd RSR RSR RSR RSR RSR RSR ddddd ddd see description of arguments Rx Data Invert RDI Except...

Страница 280: ...ep Width RSW 3 bytes Exception 600 L 2 bytes Command or Query Rx acquisition sweep range of demodulator in kHz Available range depends on the symbol rate 18ksps to 32ksps 1 to the symbol rate ksps 32k...

Страница 281: ...Audio Volume control in the form aabb where aa Rx 1 volume control in dB values defined below bb Rx 2 volume control in dB values defined below Valid values 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 Example RVL 2 4 sets Rx 1 t...

Страница 282: ...Command or Query D I D I only Note different format between command and query Command format ITS xxy Where xx Channel 01 through 24 y timeslot 0 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 V 31 ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS ITS yyyy...

Страница 283: ...N A 10 bytes Query only Rx Terminal Frequency which is the frequency MHz being received from the satellite Note For additional information refer to Chapter 5 for LO MIX and Spectrum Settings Resolutio...

Страница 284: ...er for complete modem emulation all parameters including the EID equipment ID must be that of the modem it is emulating This parameter permits the CDM 625 modem to be configured that way The format fo...

Страница 285: ...date in the form ddmmyy international format where dd day of the month 01 to 31 mm month 01 to 12 yy year 00 to 99 Example DAY 240457 April 24 2057 DAY DAY DAY DAY DAY DAY ddmmyy see description of ar...

Страница 286: ...f ten are permitted 0010 0020 0030 0040 etc Example ESA 0090 This command is only valid for an EDMAC master When used as a Query it may be sent to an EDMAC slave which will respond with the appropriat...

Страница 287: ...n Chapter 5 and Chapter 13 A response of SCP will indicate if the data rate will not allow a selected baud rate to operate SCP SCP SCP SCP SCP SCP xyz see description of arguments Exception 600 600L S...

Страница 288: ...of arguments Countdown of Warm up Delay remaining CTD 3 bytes numeric Command or Query Hi stab Ref parameter xxx countdown of the number of seconds remaining of the Warm up time As a command the only...

Страница 289: ...alled or Tx clock is not Internal only 1 masked is allowed Example MSK 0101100000000 MSK MSK MSK MSK MSK MSK abcdefghjklxx see description of arguments Attach a summary BUC fault to the Tx FLT status...

Страница 290: ...5 Open Network 6 BUC 7 LNB C is Fault Code number as in FLT or Info Code which may be 0 Power Off 1 Power On 2 Log Cleared 3 Global Config Change 4 Redundancy Config Change ddmmyy date stamp hhmmss ti...

Страница 291: ...ead Stored Statistics N A 135 bytes Query only Unit returns the oldest 5 Stored Statistics which have not yet been read over the remote control Reply format CR sub body CR sub body CR sub body CR sub...

Страница 292: ...will then be in Standby mode The command is always executed by the unit regardless of whether it is stand alone in a 1 1 pair or part of a 1 N system This command takes no arguments FSW FSW N A N A O...

Страница 293: ...223 bbb 0 255 ccc 0 255 ddd 0 255 but they cannot all be zero yy is the network prefix range 8 to 31 Other restrictions If aaa 191 prefix may not be less than 24 If aaa 127 prefix may not be less than...

Страница 294: ...If IP range 16 aaa may not be 127 Example IPT 010 006 030 002 IPT IPT IPT IPT IPT IPT xxx xxx xxx xxx see description of arguments MAC Address N A 12 bytes alpha numerical Query only Used to query the...

Страница 295: ...h the Tx carrier setting OFF Use with caution 0 POCO disabled normal operation 1 POCO enabled care Example PCO 0 disabled normal operation PCO PCO PCO PCO PCO PCO x see description of arguments Double...

Страница 296: ...CCF xxx see description of arguments CnC Min Max Search Delay CSD 6 bytes Command or Query CnC parameter CnC min max delay value in milliseconds Maximum allowable value is 330ms Format CSD xxxyyy wher...

Страница 297: ...T1 ESF 2 E1 CCS 3 E1 CAS as ITY Each Timeslot definition 0 Unused 1 9 for timeslots 1 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 V 31 z timeslot zero L D I Internal Loop 0 OFF 1 ON Example 123456789ABC0000000000003123456...

Страница 298: ...tc V 31 z timeslot zero L D I Internal Loop 0 OFF 1 ON Example DIC 123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVxx123456789A BCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVxx0 Drop channels 1 32 using timeslots 1 31 and timeslot zero Same f...

Страница 299: ...me as TDR same as TFT same as TRS same as TCR same as TMD same as TSI same as TSC same as TPL same as AUP same as APP same as TCK same as TXO same as TIT same as TTC same as TFM OEEEETeeeeeeeeeee eeWA...

Страница 300: ...Alarm hhhh Rx Backward Alarm JJJJ Tx Audio Volume jjjj Rx Audio Volume a Drop Type b Insert Type c Tx ESC Type d Rx ESC Type e Tx Data Invert f Rx Data Invert xxxxxxxxxx spares rrrrr rrr TX Symbol Rat...

Страница 301: ...me as ABA same as ALA OGC Outdoor Unit Global Copy OGC 50 Bytes Command or Query ODU Global Configuration of CDM 600L in the form shown on the right where OGC OGC OGC OGC OGC OGC aabxdexxxxxgg gghhhhx...

Страница 302: ...n from Configuration Memory location defined by the one byte argument 0 to 9 Example CLD 4 load modem configuration from location 4 to be the active configuration CLD CLD CLD CLD N A N A Bulk Status Q...

Страница 303: ...efining Timeslot locations or channels Timeslot definition 0 Unused 1 9 for timeslots 1 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 V 31 z timeslot zero r reserved set to value 0 Example 1 131123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU...

Страница 304: ...OM In order to completely get set the configuration of the modem the following set of commands must be queried set MGC OGC L Band Only Drop and Insert specified in MGC o DNI Open Network DNI o DIC Clo...

Страница 305: ...the value of the internal software revision installed in the unit in the form of x x x Example SWR 1 0 3 N A SWR SWR x x x see description of arguments Firmware information N A 256 bytes Query only U...

Страница 306: ...ier board CnC 0 not present 1 present D Slot 3 Advanced FEC 0 not present 1 Reserved 2 Reserved E Slot 4 Reserved 0 not present 1 present F Slot 5 Reserved 0 not present 1 present G External 20dB atte...

Страница 307: ...Reserved data rate option where 0 Base up to 1Mbps 1 up to 2 5Mbps 2 up to 5 Mbps 3 up to 10Mbps Q Reserved option Decode shown above R Framing option 0 Standard Unframed EDMAC EDMAC2 1 Option 0 plus...

Страница 308: ...ion Qualifier Response to Query Equipment ID 600 emulation see CDM 600 manual 600L emulation see CDM 600L manual Example EID 062510000000134473412113233000000 indicates all software options TPC LDPC c...

Страница 309: ...Unit returns the value of the measured frequency offset of the carrier being demodulated Values range from 0 to 200 kHz 100 Hz resolution Returns 999999 if the demodulator is unlocked The maximum Rx...

Страница 310: ...N A 3 bytes Query only Unit returns the value of the internal temperature sensor in the form of xxx degrees C Example TMP 26 N A TMP TMP xxx see description of arguments Offline Unit Status N A 6 byte...

Страница 311: ...2 volts 6 Power supply fault 2 5 volts 7 Top Card comms 8 Tx synthesizer lock 9 Rx synthesizer A Top card load fail B TPC LDPC FPGA load fail C HDLC FPGA load fail D CinC FPGA load fail E VersaFEC FPG...

Страница 312: ...Spare 5 Buffer Slip 6 AIS detected on incoming data 7 Eb No alarm 8 Buffer Clock activity 9 LNB summary alarm if ALA enabled A QDI Deframer Unlocked Exception 600L 9 LNB current A LNB voltage d Open N...

Страница 313: ...1 greater than 11 dB Example 4 CRM 99 9 not locked or CnC not enabled N A CRM CRM xxxx see description of arguments CnC Delay Monitor N A 6 bytes Query only When CnC is enabled and the modem is locked...

Страница 314: ...Query BUC Current Low Limit a value between 0 and 4000mA in 100mA increments BCL BCL BCL BCL BCL Exception 600L emulation ODL BCL xxxx see description of arguments BUC Current High Limit BCH Exception...

Страница 315: ...4 bytes Query only BUC Output power Level where xx x is the value in dBm Returns xxxx when FSK and BUC power are not enabled Example BOL 37 4 N A BOL Exception 600L emulation OOL BOL xx x see descript...

Страница 316: ...ments Description of Arguments Response to Command Query Instruction Qualifier Response to Query BUC Power Class N A 2 bytes Query only BUC Power Class where xx indicates the Power Class in watts Exam...

Страница 317: ...ments LNB Reference Enable LNR 1 byte value of 0 or 1 Command or Query 0 Disable LNB Reference 1 Enable LNB Reference LNR LNR LNR LNR LNR LNR x see description of arguments LNB Low Current Limit LNL 3...

Страница 318: ...xcept those mentioned in VLAN table 2 Send out all packets as tagged except those configured in the VLAN table SVA SVA SVA SVA SVA SVA WXYZ see description of arguments Switch VLAN configuration SVC 8...

Страница 319: ...value 0001 4094 A is the attribute N NATIVE M MANAGEMENT T TAGGED U UNTAGGED Example VLN 305 cr 0000F cr 0002F cr 0027N cr 0004M cr 0007M cr VLN VLN VLN VLN VLN p VLN p cr bbbbA cr bbbbA cr bbbbA cr b...

Страница 320: ...CDM 625 Advanced Satellite Modem Revision 1 Remote Control MN 0000036 Ref MN CDM625 IOM D 60 Notes...

Страница 321: ...3 1 609 x 103 1 609 1 mm 0 03937 1 kilometer 0 621 Temperature Conversions Unit Fahrenheit Centigrade 32 Fahrenheit 0 water freezes 212 Fahrenheit 100 water boils 459 6 Fahrenheit 273 1 absolute 0 For...

Страница 322: ...2114 WEST 7TH STREET TEMPE ARIZONA 85281 USA 480 333 2200 PHONE 480 333 2161 FAX...

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