manualshive.com logo in svg

Texas Instruments TI-89 Voyage 200, User Manual

Share
Download
Texas Instruments TI-89 Voyage 200 User Manual Download Page 635

Programming

 635

Debugging Programs and Handling Errors

Debugging Programs and Handling Errors

Debugging Programs and Handling Errors

Debugging Programs and Handling Errors

After you write a program, you can use several techniques to find and correct errors. You 
can also build an error-handling command into the program itself.

Run-Time Errors

Run-Time Errors

Run-Time Errors

Run-Time Errors

The first step in debugging your program is to run it. The graphing calculator 
automatically checks each executed command for syntax errors. If there is an error, a 
message indicates the nature of the error.

•

To cancel program execution and return to the Home screen, press 

N

.

If your program allows the user to select from several options, be sure to run the 
program and test each option.

Send

Sends a list variable from the graphing calculator to the 
CBL 2 or CBR.

•

To display the program in the Program 
Editor, press 

¸

. The cursor appears 

in the approximate area of the error.

Command

Description

Summary of Contents for TI-89 Voyage 200

Page 1: ...TI 89 Titanium Graphing Calculator...

Page 2: ...ormation Concerning Radio Frequency Interference This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules These limits are d...

Page 3: ...television technician for help Caution Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the equipment 2005 Texas Instrumen...

Page 4: ...ur AAA alkaline batteries and a backup silver oxide battery SR44SW or 303 The backup battery is already installed and the AAA batteries are provided with the product 1 Remove the battery cover from th...

Page 5: ...the Apps desktop To avoid losing Apps do not remove the batteries during initialization You can re install Apps from either the Product CD ROM or education ti com Adjusting the contrast Adjusting the...

Page 6: ...he full name of the highlighted App View and edit the time and date Check status line information View split screen mode information TI 89 Titanium Apps desktop View full name of highlighted App View...

Page 7: ...ff the Apps desktop the calculator Home screen appears You can use either of the following keys to turn off the TI 89 Titanium Press Description 2 press 2 and then press Settings and memory contents a...

Page 8: ...l minutes of inactivity When you turn on the calculator after APD The display cursor and any error conditions are exactly the same as before APD All settings and memory contents are retained Note APD...

Page 9: ...Getting Started 9 TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Titanium keys keys keys keys...

Page 10: ...tering special characters Entering special characters Use the CHAR Character menu and key commands to enter special characters The CHAR menu lets you access Greek math international and other special...

Page 11: ...the right arrow symbol in the Text Editor To open the keyboard map press 8 The keyboard map appears Press Result 2 G 4 9 or Press D repeatedly to select 9 and press Scroll down for more characters Sym...

Page 12: ...haracters press 8 and the corresponding key Press N to close the map Example Use the keyboard map to find the not equal to symbol shortcut and enter the symbol in the Program Editor Press Result 8 Sym...

Page 13: ...perations Second functions are printed above their corresponding keys in the same color as the 2 key 8 Diamond Accesses Apps menu options and other operations Diamond functions are printed above their...

Page 14: ...n Apps and select or edit Apps categories On the calculator Home screen open toolbar menus to select math related operations Within Apps open toolbar menus to select App options Numeric keypad Numeric...

Page 15: ...he numbers you entered 3 Type the exponent as an integer with up to three digits As the following example shows you can use a negative exponent Example On the calculator Home screen enter 0 00685 usin...

Page 16: ...operation O Displays the Apps desktop 8 O With the Apps desktop off displays the FLASH APPLICATIONS menu 2 a Switches between the last two chosen Apps 2 Turns the custom menu on and off 2 4 Converts m...

Page 17: ...f the mode settings you have selected To view the TI 89 Titanium mode settings 2 Displays the MEMORY screen Displays a list of commands 2 Recalls the contents of a variable Stores a value to a variabl...

Page 18: ...r Page 3 Note Modes that are grayed out are available only if other required mode settings are selected For example the Custom Units mode listed on Page 3 is available only if the Unit System mode is...

Page 19: ...Getting Started 19 Changing mode settings Changing mode settings Changing mode settings Changing mode settings Example Change the Language mode setting to Spanish Espa ol Press Result 3 Press Result...

Page 20: ...Getting Started 20 Scroll down to the Language field D Press B and then press D until 3 Espa ol is highlighted Note Your menu list might vary depending on the languages installed Press Result...

Page 21: ...ions instructions and user defined programs Commands are listed alphabetically Commands not beginning with a letter are found at the end of the list etc The Catalog Help App includes details about eac...

Page 22: ...e same letter Select commands from the Catalog and insert them onto the calculator Home screen entry line or paste them to other Apps such as the Y Editor Text Editor or CellSheet Apps Press Result di...

Page 23: ...the command to appear Pressing 2 D advances the Catalog list one page at a time The status line displays any required and optional parameters for the selected command Optional parameters appear in squ...

Page 24: ...calculator Home screen is the starting point for math operations including executing instructions evaluating expressions and viewing results To display the calculator Home screen press You can also di...

Page 25: ...ess and so on to display menus Result of last entry is displayed here Note that results are not displayed on the entry line Status line shows the current state of the calculator Entry line displays yo...

Page 26: ...he Calculator chapter The cursor which normally rests on the entry line can be moved into the history area The following table shows you how to move the cursor around in the history area To Do this Vi...

Page 27: ...Modifying the history area Modifying the history area Modifying the history area Modifying the history area To change the number of pairs that can be saved 1 From the calculator Home screen press and...

Page 28: ...runcated use the cursor keys to highlight the icon Now view the full name at the top of the Apps desktop Opening Apps Opening Apps Opening Apps Opening Apps Use the cursor keys or press the first lett...

Page 29: ...on enter any required information and press The App appears Example Create a new program using the Program Editor New Creates a new file with the name typed in the field Press Result Use cursor keys t...

Page 30: ...Getting Started 30 The newly created program variable program1 is saved to the Main folder D D p r o g r a m 1 Press Result...

Page 31: ...ry Selecting an Apps category Selecting an Apps category On the TI 89 Titanium the Apps category names appear only in the F1 Menu To select an Apps category press 2 Select Category and use the cursor...

Page 32: ...t Categories menu where you can add App shortcuts to the category See Customizing the Apps categories on page 33 Press or N to clear the message and return to the Apps desktop 2 Graphing Customizable...

Page 33: ...customizable Apps category names The All category is not listed 2 Highlight an Apps category and press The Edit Categories dialog box appears with a list of installed Apps and a text box with the cate...

Page 34: ...Getting Started 34 Example Replace the Social Studies category with the Business category and add the CellSheet and Finance App shortcuts Press Result B 2 or D...

Page 35: ...Getting Started 35 2 B u s i n e s s D B D B Press Result...

Page 36: ...split the screen to view two Apps simultaneously For example view the Y Editor and Graph screens simultaneously to see the list of functions and how they are graphed Select the Split Screen mode from...

Page 37: ...and the portions of the screen in which each is displayed The highlighted numeral indicates the split screen portion where the next App you open will appear Note The Apps desktop always appears in th...

Page 38: ...tion about the current state of your TI 89 Titanium Indicator Meaning Current folder Name of the selected folder MAIN is the default folder Modifier key Selected modifier key 2 8 7 if any Angle mode S...

Page 39: ...top Entry Answer pairs 22 30 Number of entry answer pairs default is 30 maximum is 99 in the history area of the calculator Home screen Replace batteries Displayed when batteries are low BATT If BATT...

Page 40: ...Apps desktop from the calculator Home screen press O Using the clock Using the clock Using the clock Using the clock Use the CLOCK dialog box to set the time and date select the clock display format...

Page 41: ...pears with the Time Format field highlighted Note Because the CLOCK dialog box displays the settings current at the time you open the dialog box you might need to update the time before exiting Settin...

Page 42: ...in the top right corner of the Apps desktop Setting the date Setting the date Setting the date Setting the date 1 Press C or D as required to highlight the Date Format field 2 Press B to open the lis...

Page 43: ...en press to save your settings and exit The date is updated in the top right corner of the Apps desktop Example Set the time and date to 19 10 02 October 19 2002 at 1 30 p m Press Result Use cursor ke...

Page 44: ...Getting Started 44 3 0 D B D D Press Result...

Page 45: ...Getting Started 45 B D D 2 0 0 2 Press Result...

Page 46: ...Getting Started 46 D B Scroll down to October and press D 1 9 Press Result...

Page 47: ...f the clock Turning off the clock Turning off the clock From the Apps desktop open the CLOCK dialog box and select OFF in the Clock field Example Turn off the clock Press Result Use cursor keys to hig...

Page 48: ...Getting Started 48 To turn on the clock repeat the procedure selecting ON in the Clock field Remember to reset the time and date Scroll down to the Clock field B C Press Result Clock off...

Page 49: ...Home screen displays toolbar menus that let you choose math related options Toolbar menus also appear at the top of most App screens These menus list common functions of the active App Other menus Oth...

Page 50: ...d press C to select the last option on the menu If the last menu option is selected press D to select the first option on the menu O APPLICATIONS menu Lists the installed Apps Menu is available only w...

Page 51: ...Example Select factor from the Algebra menu on the calculator Home screen Press Result Press or From the Apps desktop use the cursor keys to highlight and press 2 or D 6 indicates Algebra menu will o...

Page 52: ...electing submenu options Selecting submenu options A small arrow symbol to the right of a menu option indicates that selecting the option will open a submenu Example Select ord from the MATH menu on t...

Page 53: ...ialog boxes Using dialog boxes Using dialog boxes Using dialog boxes An ellipsis at the end of a menu option indicates that choosing the option will open a dialog box Select the option and press D or...

Page 54: ...Example Open the SAVE COPY AS dialog box from the Window Editor Press Result O Use the cursor keys to highlight and press 2 or D Press B to display a list of folders Type the name of the variable Pres...

Page 55: ...ress B or A to move from one toolbar menu to the next Press B from the last menu to move to the first menu Press A to move from the first menu to the last menu Note If you press B when a menu option w...

Page 56: ...stom menu see the electronic Programming chapter More information is available about custom menus See the electronic Operating the Calculator chapter Example Turn on and turn off the custom menu from...

Page 57: ...lt custom menu erases the previous custom menu If you created the previous custom menu with a program you can run the program again to reuse the menu Press Result 2 F to turn off the custom menu and t...

Page 58: ...sktop turned off If you turn off the Apps desktop use the APPLICATIONS menu to open Apps To open the APPLICATIONS menu with the Apps desktop off press O Note If you press O with the Apps desktop turne...

Page 59: ...e Setting split screen mode Setting split screen mode Setting split screen mode You can split the screen either top to bottom or left to right from the MODE dialog box The split screen setting stays i...

Page 60: ...Getting Started 60 Example Set split screen mode to TOP BOTTOM Press Result 3 B D...

Page 61: ...initial Apps for split screen Setting the initial Apps for split screen Setting the initial Apps for split screen After you select either TOP BOTTOM or LEFT RIGHT split screen mode additional mode se...

Page 62: ...steps 1 and 2 for the Split 2 App mode setting Example Display the Y Editor in the top screen and the Graph App in the bottom screen Mode Description Split 2 App Lets you specify the App displayed in...

Page 63: ...Getting Started 63 2 D B 4 Press Result...

Page 64: ...en App Exiting split screen mode Exiting split screen mode Exiting split screen mode Exiting split screen mode Exit split screen mode in any of the following ways Press 2 K to close the active App and...

Page 65: ...ware and the USB computer cable that came with your TI 89 Titanium For system requirements and instructions to link to compatible calculators and download TI Connect software Apps and OS versions see...

Page 66: ...ardware version Unit ID required to obtain certificates for installing purchased Apps Similar to a serial number Write this number down and keep it in a safe place in case the calculator is ever lost...

Page 67: ...ays 6 Press to delete the application Note Only Flash Apps can be deleted Connecting your Connecting your Connecting your Connecting your TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Titanium to...

Page 68: ...port to connect the TI Presenter video adapter to the teacher model of the TI 89 Titanium The TI Presenter video adapter provides a video interface between the calculator and video display or recordin...

Page 69: ...d information Important OS download information Important OS download information New batteries should be installed before beginning an OS download When in OS download mode the APD feature does not fu...

Page 70: ...hin the reach of children Do not mix new and used batteries Do not mix brands or types within brands of batteries Do not mix rechargeable and non rechargeable batteries Install batteries according to...

Page 71: ...the display begins to dim especially during calculations If you find yourself increasing the contrast frequently replace the AAA alkaline batteries The status line also gives battery information Befor...

Page 72: ...kup silver oxide battery Replacing the backup silver oxide battery 1 To replace the silver oxide backup battery remove the battery cover and unscrew the tiny screw holding the BACK UP BATTERY cover in...

Page 73: ...es of the TI 89 Titanium The history area in each screen was cleared by pressing and selecting 8 Clear Home before performing each example to illustrate only the results of the example s keystrokes Sh...

Page 74: ...bers Expanding Complex Numbers Steps and keystrokes Display Compute the factorial of several numbers to see how the TI 89 Titanium handles very large integers To get the factorial operator press 2 I s...

Page 75: ...r factor on the entry line by typing FACTOR on the keyboard or by pressing and selecting 2 factor Press 2 2634492 d Optional Enter other numbers on your own Steps and keystrokes Display Find the root...

Page 76: ...ression xN5 3 You can enter expand on the entry line by typing EXPAND on the keyboard or by pressing and selecting 3 expand Press 3 c X 5 d Z 3 d Optional Enter other expressions on your own Steps and...

Page 77: ...r factor on the entry line by typing FACTOR on the keyboard or by pressing and selecting 2 factor Press 2 X Z 2 5 b X d Steps and keystrokes Display Solve the equation x2 N2xN6 2 with respect to x You...

Page 78: ...nstraint Solving Inequalities Solving Inequalities Solving Inequalities Solving Inequalities Steps and keystrokes Display Solve the equation x2 N2xN6 2 with respect to x where x is greater than zero T...

Page 79: ...play Find the derivative of xNy 3 x y 2 with respect to x This example illustrates using the calculus differentiation function and how the function is displayed in pretty print in the history area Pre...

Page 80: ...ctors Solving Problems Involving Vectors Steps and keystrokes Display Find the integral of x sin x with respect to x This example illustrates using the calculus integration function Press 2 X p 2 W X...

Page 81: ...b You can enter log on the entry line by typing LOG on the keyboard or by pressing 8 7 Press 8 7 X j b d Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the MODE dialog box For Angle mode select DEGREE Conver...

Page 82: ...ressed in terms of y Substitute the expression for x into the second 2 Convert 345 degrees to Radian angle measure You can enter Rad on the entry line by selecting Rad from the Catalog menu or from th...

Page 83: ...ou can also type solve directly from the keyboard or select it from the Catalog Press M M 1 2 X 3 Y 4 b X d 2 Begin to solve the equation Lx 7y L12 for y but do not press yet Press 1 X 7 Y 12 b Y d 3...

Page 84: ...s and Measurement Units Using the equation f m a calculate the force when m 5 kilograms and a 20 meters second2 What is the force when a 9 8 meters second2 This is the 4 Highlight the equation for x i...

Page 85: ...s 3 B 1 2 Create an acceleration unit for meters second2 named _ms2 The UNITS dialog box lets you select units from an alphabetical list of categories You can use 2 D and 2 C to scroll one page at a t...

Page 86: ...e when m 5 kilograms _kg and a 20 meters second2 _ms2 If you know the abbreviation for a unit you can type it from the keyboard Press 5 8 5 2 KG j p 20 8 5 2 MS j 2 4 Using the same m calculate the fo...

Page 87: ...apabilities of the TI 89 Titanium by graphing the function y x2N3 N10 2 Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the Y Editor Press 8 2 Enter the function abs x2 N3 N10 2 The screen shot shows the prett...

Page 88: ...er bound Press B right cursor to move the tracing cursor until the lower bound for x is just to the left of the minimum node before pressing the second time Press B B 7 Set the upper bound Press B rig...

Page 89: ...sing the standard viewing window ZoomStd Then use ZoomSqr to adjust the viewing window 8 Find the minimum point on the graph between the lower and upper bounds Press 9 Transfer the result to the Home...

Page 90: ...function graphing you must define separate functions for the top and bottom halves of a circle Press 8 8 2 j R Z 2 X Z 2 d 4 Define y2 x the function for the bottom half of the circle The bottom half...

Page 91: ...endpoints 5 Select the ZoomStd viewing window which automatically graphs the functions In the standard viewing window both the x and y axes range from L10 to 10 However this range is spread over a lon...

Page 92: ...Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the MODE dialog box For Graph mode select FUNCTION For Angle mode select RADIAN Press 3 B 1 D D D B 1 2 Open the Y Editor and enter y1 x 1 x 1 Press 8 1 e c X 1...

Page 93: ...Discontinuities to ON Note The second item on the Graph Format dialog is greyed out which means the graph order is set to sequential Seq Press 8 D D D D D D B 2 6 Execute the Graph command which autom...

Page 94: ...ther drag forces what is the maximum height of the ball and when does it hit the ground Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the MODE dialog box For Graph mode select PARAMETRIC Press 3 B 2 2 Displa...

Page 95: ...riate for this example You can press either D or to enter a value and move to the next variable Press 8 0 D 3 D 02 D 2 D 25 D 5 D 2 D 10 D 5 5 Graph the parametric equations to model the path of the b...

Page 96: ...A 8 and B 2 5 Then explore the appearance of the rose for other values of A and B Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the MODE dialog box For Graph mode select POLAR For Angle mode select RADIAN Pr...

Page 97: ...maining petals have q values greater than 2p The rose does not appear symmetrical Both the x an y axes range from L10 to 10 However this range is spread over a longer distance along the x axis than th...

Page 98: ...trees in the forest at the end of each year Does it stabilize at a certain number 5 Select ZoomSqr which regraphs the equation ZoomSqr increases the range along the x axis so that the graph is shown...

Page 99: ...the integer part of the result No fractional trees are harvested To access iPart you can use 2 I simply type it or select it from the CATALOG Press 8 8 2 I 1 4 8 j U1 c j N 1 d 1000 d 3 Define ui1 as...

Page 100: ...s 8 7 Select Trace Move the cursor to trace year by year How many years nc does it take the number of trees yc to stabilize Trace begins at nc 0 nc is the number of years xc nc since n is plotted on t...

Page 101: ...ph format styles Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the MODE dialog box For Graph mode select 3D Press 3 B 5 2 Display and clear the Y Editor Then define the 3D equation z1 x y x3 y N y3 x 390 Not...

Page 102: ...en you animate the graph the screen returns to normal view automatically Except for animation you can do the same things in normal and expanded view Press p press p to switch between expanded and norm...

Page 103: ...he viewing orbit around the graph Press 0 zero not the letter O A A A 7 View the graph along the x axis the y axis and then the z axis Press X This graph has the same shape along the y axis and x axis...

Page 104: ...he graph in different graph format styles Press press to switch from each style to the next HIDDEN SURFACE CONTOUR LEVELS may require extra time to calculate contours WIRE AND CONTOUR WIRE FRAME Steps...

Page 105: ...ing Differential Equation Graphing Differential Equation Graphing Differential Equation Graphing Graph the solution to the logistic 1st order differential equation y 001y 100Ny Start by drawing only t...

Page 106: ...all Leave the initial condition yi1 blank Note With y1 selected the device will graph the y1 solution curve not the derivative y1 Press 8 8 001 Y1 p c 100 Y1 d 3 Display the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box T...

Page 107: ...only the slope field is drawn as specified by Fields SLPFLD in the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box Press 8 6 Return to the Y Editor and enter an initial condition yi1 10 Press 8 10 7 Return to the Graph scre...

Page 108: ...Previews 108 8 Return to the Y Editor and change yi1 to enter two initial conditions as a list yi1 10 20 Press 8 C 2 10 b 20 2 9 Return to the Graph screen Press 8 Steps and keystrokes Display...

Page 109: ...t other than the t0 value entered in the Y Editor or Window Editor Instead of entering t and y1 after pressing 2 you can move the cursor to a point on the screen and then press You can use to trace c...

Page 110: ...lay the MODE dialog box For Graph mode select FUNCTION For Angle mode select RADIAN Press 3 B 1 D D D B 1 2 Display the Home screen Use the Graph command and the when function to specify the piecewise...

Page 111: ...a different operation or press N Press 2 5 C until the line is positioned 5 Save a picture of the graph Use PIC1 as the variable name for the picture Be sure to set Type Picture By default it is set t...

Page 112: ...nd where do they occur 7 Open the saved picture variable to redisplay the graph with the line Be sure to set Type Picture By default it is set to GDB Press 1 B 2 if not already shown also set Variable...

Page 113: ...ble parameters to tblStart M10 tbl 1 Graph Table OFF Independent AUTO Press 8 10 D 1 D B 1 D B 1 4 Display the Table screen Press 8 5 Scroll through the table Notice that y1 changes sign at x M1 1 and...

Page 114: ...oefficients change 6 Zoom in on the sign change between x L2 and x L1 by changing the table parameters to tblStart L2 tbl 1 Press 2 D 1 Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Display the MODE dialog box For G...

Page 115: ...he way across the display Press 8 5 1 X Z 3 2 X 6 3 Select the ZoomStd viewing window which switches to the Graph screen and graphs the function The thick border is now around the Graph screen Press 6...

Page 116: ...the edited function The thick border is around the Graph screen Press 2 a 6 Switch to the Y Editor and open the Window Editor in its place Press 2 a 8 7 Open the Home screen and then exit to a full s...

Page 117: ...y converted into a data variable which can have multiple columns Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Use O to display the Data Matrix Editor Create a new list variable named TEMP Press 3 B 3 D D TEMP 2 Ent...

Page 118: ...the value of column 1 DATA is shown in the upper left corner to indicate that the list variable was converted to a data variable Press B 2 p j C 1 4 Move to the column 2 header cell to show its defin...

Page 119: ...stories Using Median Median and linear regression calculations find and plot equations to fit the data For each regression equation predict how many buildings of more than 12 stories you would expect...

Page 120: ...50 500 750 950 4 Move the cursor to row 1 in column 2 r1c2 Then enter the corresponding number of buildings 8 C moves the cursor to the top of the page After typing data for a cell you can press or D...

Page 121: ...en columns of data To sort column 1 the cursor can be anywhere in column 1 This example has you press 8 C so that you can see the first four rows Press A 8 C 2 4 6 Display the Calculate dialog box Set...

Page 122: ...ore RegEQ to y2 x Press B 5 D D D B D 10 Perform the calculation to display the LinReg regression equation This equation is stored in y2 x Press 11 Close the STAT VARS screen The Data Matrix Editor di...

Page 123: ...1 y C2 Notice the similarities between this and the Calculate dialog box Press B 1 D B 1 D C j 1 D j C2 14 Save the plot definition and return to the Plot Setup screen Notice the shorthand notation fo...

Page 124: ...ot 1 is selected Notice that y1 x and y2 x were selected when the regression equations were stored Press 8 2 2 16 Scroll up to highlight Plot 1 The displayed shorthand definition is the same as on the...

Page 125: ...lets you define a header from anywhere in a column When the cursor is on a header cell pressing is not required Press B B C C 2 MED j Y1 c j C1 d 20 Enter a title for column 4 Define column 4 s heade...

Page 126: ...23 Display the Plot Setup screen and deselect Plot 1 Press 24 Highlight Plot 2 and define it as Plot Type Scatter Mark Box x C1 y C4 MedMed residuals Press D D D C j 1 D j C4 25 Highlight Plot 3 and...

Page 127: ...als marks the LinReg residuals Press 9 28 Display the Home screen Press 29 Use the MedMed y1 x and LinReg y2 x regression equations to calculate values for x 300 300 000 population The round function...

Page 128: ...ays the result Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Use O to display the Program Editor Create a new program Press 3 2 Type PROG1 with no spaces as the name of the new program variable Press D D PROG j 1 3...

Page 129: ...umeric expression 0 temp Creates a variable named temp and initializes it to 0 For i 1 n 1 Starts a For loop based on variable i First time through the loop i 1 At end of loop i is incremented by 1 Lo...

Page 130: ...n the displayed dialog box Press 5 7 Continue with the program The Disp command displays the result on the Program I O screen The result is the sum of the integers from 1 through 5 Although the Progra...

Page 131: ...he Program I O screen and return to the Home screen You can also press N 2 K or to return to the Home screen Press Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Start a new session of the Text Editor Press 3 2 Creat...

Page 132: ...lock on again Practice editing your text by using The cursor pad to move the text cursor 0 or 8 to delete the character to the left or right of the cursor respectively Press 2 and type anything you w...

Page 133: ...nd the value of m1 5 Return to the current session on the Text Editor Notice that the displayed session is exactly the same as you left it Press 2 a Steps and keystrokes Display 1 Use O to display the...

Page 134: ...or to the unknown variable m1 Optionally you can enter an initial guess for m1 Even if you enter a value for all variables the Numeric Solver solves for the variable marked by the cursor Press D D g 3...

Page 135: ...ou can explore the graph by tracing zooming etc The variable marked by the cursor unknown variable m1 is on the x axis and left rt is on the y axis Press 3 7 Return to the Numeric Solver and exit the...

Page 136: ...he MODE dialog box Page 2 For Base mode select DEC as the default number base Integer results are displayed according to the Base mode Fractional and floating point results are always displayed in dec...

Page 137: ...1 2 4 2 HEX j 5 Add 1 to the result and leave it in the default decimal base Results use the 0b or 0h prefix to identify the base Press 1 6 Change the Base mode to HEX When Base HEX or BIN the magnit...

Page 138: ...riety of variable data types Use the VAR LINK screen to view a list of the defined variables Then move a variable to the user data archive memory and explore the ways in which you can and cannot acces...

Page 139: ...riables with the following variable types Expression 5 x1 Function x2 4 f x List 5 10 L1 Matrix 30 25 m1 Press M 5 9 X1 X Z 2 4 9 j F c X d 2 5 b 10 2 9 j L1 2 g 30 b 25 2 h 9 j M1 2 Suppose you start...

Page 140: ...ferent types Press D D B 5 5 Highlight the f function variable and view its contents Notice that the function was assigned using f x but is listed as f on the screen Press D 2 6 Close the Contents win...

Page 141: ...d highlight the variable you want to archive The previous change in view is no longer in effect The screen lists all defined variables Press 2 use D to highlight x1 2 Use the Manage toolbar menu to ar...

Page 142: ...archived variable Press 10 9 X1 5 Cancel the error message Press N 6 Use VAR LINK to unarchive the variable Press 2 use D to highlight x1 9 7 Return to the Home screen and store a different value to t...

Page 143: ...all variables A mark indicates items that are selected Notice that this also selected the MAIN folder Note Instead of using if you don t want to delete all your variables you can select individual var...

Page 144: ...er Acknowledge the message When VAR LINK is redisplayed the deleted variables are not listed Press 5 Close VAR LINK and return to the current application Home screen in this example When you use N ins...

Page 145: ...off manually by using the and 2 or 8 keys To prolong battery life the APD Automatic Power Down feature lets the calculator turn itself off automatically Turning the Calculator On Turning the Calculat...

Page 146: ...led APD When you press the calculator will be exactly as you left it The display cursor and any error conditions are exactly as you left them All settings and memory contents are retained Press Descri...

Page 147: ...ss viewing angle and the adjustment of the display contrast The contrast setting is retained in memory when the graphing calculator is turned off Adjusting the Display Contrast Adjusting the Display C...

Page 148: ...ace the four alkaline batteries Note The display may be very dark after you change batteries Use 8 to lighten the display The status line along the bottom of the display also gives battery information...

Page 149: ...when used with 8 2 8 and j add functionality by increasing the available key commands X Y and Z are often used in symbolic calculations A B C and D move the cursor O lets you select an application ev...

Page 150: ...tanium example shows using the 2 or 8 modifier key with the N key Modifier Description 2 second Accesses the second function of the next key you press On the keyboard these are printed in the same col...

Page 151: ...o cancel its effect Other Important Keys You Need to Be Familiar With Other Important Keys You Need to Be Familiar With Other Important Keys You Need to Be Familiar With Other Important Keys You Need...

Page 152: ...nd off 2 Converts measurement units 8 Designates a measurement unit 0 Deletes the character to the left of the cursor backspaces 2 Toggles between insert and overtype mode for entering information 8 D...

Page 153: ...ter on the TI 89 Titanium Entering a Letter Character on the TI 89 Titanium The letters x y z and t are commonly used in algebraic expressions So that you can type them quickly these letters are prima...

Page 154: ...ing Alphabetic Characters on the TI 89 Titanium Notes To Press Type a single lowercase alpha character j and then the letter key status line shows Type a single uppercase alpha character and then the...

Page 155: ...anium Dialog Boxes Automatic Alpha Lock in TI 89 Titanium Dialog Boxes Automatic Alpha Lock in TI 89 Titanium Dialog Boxes Automatic Alpha Lock in TI 89 Titanium Dialog Boxes There are certain times w...

Page 156: ...haracters For more information refer to Entering Special Characters in the Text Editor module Entering Numbers Entering Numbers Entering Numbers Entering Numbers The keypad lets you enter positive and...

Page 157: ...reted as 6 M2 implied multiplication 2 4 2 but 2 4 subtracts 2 from the previous answer and then adds 4 Important Use for subtraction and use for negation Entering a Number in Scientific Notation Ente...

Page 158: ...on Entering Expressions and Instructions Entering Expressions and Instructions Entering Expressions and Instructions Entering Expressions and Instructions You perform a calculation by evaluating an ex...

Page 159: ...here you are required to enter a value you can enter an expression Operator Performs an operation such as Operators require an argument before and after the operator For example 4 5 and 5 2 Function R...

Page 160: ...evaluated according to the Equation Operating System EOS hierarchy described in the Technical Reference module To change the order of evaluation or just to ensure that an expression is evaluated in th...

Page 161: ...ss its key if available For example press 2 W or Select it from a menu if available For example select 2 abs from the Number submenu of the MATH menu or Type the name letter by letter from the keyboar...

Page 162: ...n also select log by using Press Display 3 76 e c 7 9 2 5 d d 2 2 LOG j c 45 d 3 76 M7 9 2 inserts because its argument must be in parentheses 3 76 M7 9 5 Use d once to close 5 and again to close M7 9...

Page 163: ...ong for One Line In the history area if both the entry and its answer cannot be displayed on one line the answer is displayed on the next line To view the entire entry or answer 1 Press C to move the...

Page 164: ...lculator leaves the expression on the entry line and highlights it You can continue to use the last answer or enter a new expression Example Example Example Example Calculate 3 76 M7 9 5 Then add 2 lo...

Page 165: ...mats of Displayed Results Formats of Displayed Results A result may be calculated and displayed in any of several formats This section describes the modes and their settings that affect the display fo...

Page 166: ...on The entry line does not show an expression in pretty print If pretty print is turned on the history area will show both the entry and its result in pretty print after you press Exact Approx Mode Ex...

Page 167: ...d symbolic forms EXACT reduces rounding errors that could be introduced by intermediate results in chained calculations 2 Shows whole number results Shows simplified fractional results Shows symbolic...

Page 168: ...be evaluated they are treated algebraically For example if the variable r is undefined pr2 3 14159 r2 AUTO Uses the EXACT form where possible but uses the APPROXIMATE form when your entry contains a d...

Page 169: ...Mode Display Digits Mode Display Digits Mode Display Digits Mode By default Display Digits FLOAT 6 which means that results are rounded to a maximum of six digits You can use 3 to select different set...

Page 170: ...layed in the selected number of digits Exponential Format Mode Exponential Format Mode Exponential Format Mode Exponential Format Mode Setting Example Description FIX 0 12 123 123 5 123 46 123 457 FIX...

Page 171: ...n in the Entry Line Editing an Expression in the Entry Line Editing an Expression in the Entry Line Knowing how to edit an entry can be a real time saver If you make an error while typing an expressio...

Page 172: ...the Cursor Moving the Cursor Moving the Cursor Moving the Cursor After removing the highlight move the cursor to the applicable position within the expression Note If you accidentally press C instead...

Page 173: ...r end of the entry line or M M if the cursor is not at the beginning or end of the entry line The first press deletes all characters to the right of the cursor and the second clears the entry line To...

Page 174: ...ype modes press 2 Note Look at the cursor to see if you re in insert or overtype mode Replacing or Deleting Multiple Characters Replacing or Deleting Multiple Characters Replacing or Deleting Multiple...

Page 175: ...overview of how to select an item from any menu Specific menus 1 Move the cursor to either side of the characters you want to highlight 2 Hold and press A or B to highlight characters left or right o...

Page 176: ...ories of special characters Greek math etc 2 I MATH menu Lets you select from categories of math operations CATALOG menu Lets you select from a complete alphabetic list of built in functions and instr...

Page 177: ...or pad D and C to highlight the item and then press Note that pressing C from the first item moves the highlight to the last item and vice versa Items Ending with Items Ending with Items Ending with I...

Page 178: ...aking a selection press A This is the same as pressing N To wrap to the last menu item directly from the first menu item press C To wrap to the first menu item directly from the last menu item press D...

Page 179: ...nd close the dialog box Canceling a Menu Canceling a Menu Canceling a Menu Canceling a Menu To cancel the current menu without making a selection press N Depending on whether any submenus are displaye...

Page 180: ...ing B be sure that an item with a submenu is not highlighted If so B displays that item s submenu instead of moving to the next toolbar menu Example Selecting a Menu Item Example Selecting a Menu Item...

Page 181: ...om the APPLICATIONS Menu From the APPLICATIONS Menu From the APPLICATIONS Menu 1 If the Apps desktop is off press O to display a menu that lists the applications Note To cancel the menu without making...

Page 182: ...either opens directly or displays a dialog box Your Apps desktop may vary from the one shown below Table Display a table of variable values that correspond to an entered function Data Matrix Editor En...

Page 183: ...an application Press O In full screen mode press 2 K In split screen mode press 2 K to open the full screen view of the active application then press 2 K again To return to the last open application f...

Page 184: ...Operating the Calculator 184 From the Keyboard From the Keyboard From the Keyboard From the Keyboard...

Page 185: ...d interpreted Mode settings are retained by the Constant Memory feature when the graphing calculator is turned off All numbers including elements of matrices and lists are displayed according to the c...

Page 186: ...Split 2 App is not valid when Split Screen FULL When you scroll through the list the cursor skips dimmed settings Changing Mode Settings Changing Mode Settings Changing Mode Settings Changing Mode Set...

Page 187: ...mation about a particular mode look in the applicable section of this guidebook Mode Description Graph Type of graphs to plot FUNCTION PARAMETRIC POLAR SEQUENCE 3D or DE Current Folder Folder used to...

Page 188: ...fer to the Split Screens module Split 1 App Application in the top or left side of a split screen If you are not using a split screen this is the current application Split 2 App Application in the bot...

Page 189: ...Toolbar Menu Clean Up Toolbar Menu Clean Up Toolbar Menu Unit System Lets you select from three systems of measurement to specify the default units for displayed results SI metric or MKS Eng US feet p...

Page 190: ...ginning the calculation NewProb Places NewProb in the entry line You must then press to execute the command NewProb performs a variety of operations that let you begin a new problem from a cleared sta...

Page 191: ...he Catalog Dialog Box Using the Catalog Dialog Box The CATALOG provides a way to access any built in command functions and instructions from one convenient list In addition the CATALOG dialog box lets...

Page 192: ...Built in Command from the CATALOG Selecting a Built in Command from the CATALOG Selecting a Built in Command from the CATALOG When you select a command its name is inserted in the entry line at the cu...

Page 193: ...meters For the command indicated by 8 the status line shows the required and optional parameters if any and their type Indicated command and its parameters Brackets indicate optional parameters To mov...

Page 194: ...ou can display a command s parameters in a dialog box by pressing Help The parameters are the same as those displayed on the status line Some commands such as ClrDraw do not require parameters If you...

Page 195: ...on is dimmed if no Flash applications are installed 3 Move the 8 indicator to the function and press The list is alphabetized by function name The left column lists functions The right column lists th...

Page 196: ...n you select a function or program its name is inserted in the entry line at the cursor location Therefore you should position the cursor as necessary before selecting the function or program 1 Press...

Page 197: ...r Variable Names Rules for Variable Names Rules for Variable Names A variable name Can use 1 to 8 characters consisting of letters and digits This includes Greek letters but not p accented letters and...

Page 198: ...s xmin and xmax which are used to store graph related values Refer to the Technical Reference module for a list Examples Examples Examples Examples Data Types Data Types Data Types Data Types Variable...

Page 199: ...e store symbol is displayed To store to a variable temporarily you can use the with operator Refer to Substituting Values and Setting Constraints in Symbolic Manipulation Matrices Character strings He...

Page 200: ...ression 1 Type the variable name 2 Press In this example the variable a is undefined Therefore it is used as a symbolic variable Note Refer to Symbolic Manipulation for information about symbolic mani...

Page 201: ...ntry line Status Line Indicators in the Display Status Line Indicators in the Display Status Line Indicators in the Display Status Line Indicators in the Display The status line is displayed at the bo...

Page 202: ...2nd 2 will use the second function of the next key you press 2 8 will use the diamond feature of the next key you press will type the uppercase letter for the next key you press On the TI 89 Titanium...

Page 203: ...the Exact Approx mode use the 3 key AUTO Auto EXACT Exact APPROX Approximate Graph Number If the screen is split to show two independent graphs this indicates which graph is active G1 or G2 Graph Mod...

Page 204: ...on as possible History Pairs Busy Pause Archived The information shown in this part of the status line depends on the application you are using 23 30 Displayed on the Home screen to show the number of...

Page 205: ...cut copy and paste and more Note The term calculator Home screen is used in this module Other modules use the term Home screen Both terms are interchangeable and refer to the same screen Displaying t...

Page 206: ...are displayed in pretty print Pretty print displays expressions in the same form in which they are written on the board or in textbooks Toolbar Lets you display menus for selecting operations applicab...

Page 207: ...indicates the entry is longer than the screen width Last Entry Pretty print is ON Exponents roots fractions etc are displayed in the same form in which they are traditionally written History Area List...

Page 208: ...hrough the History Area Scrolling through the History Area Scrolling through the History Area Scrolling through the History Area Normally the cursor is in the entry line However you can move the curso...

Page 209: ...answer pairs are saved If the history area is full when you make a new entry indicated by 30 30 the new entry answer pair is saved and the oldest pair is deleted The history indicator does not change...

Page 210: ...le When you want to reexecute those entries use the Text Editor to open the variable as a command script Saving the Entries in the History Area Saving the Entries in the History Area Saving the Entrie...

Page 211: ...t you cannot restore them from the calculator Home screen On the calculator Home screen s toolbar menu 1 Open is not available Instead 2 Specify a folder and text variable that you want to use to stor...

Page 212: ...d Pasting Information Cutting Copying and Pasting Information Cutting Copying and Pasting Information Cut copy and paste operations let you move or copy information within the same application or betw...

Page 213: ...tion to the Clipboard Cutting or Copying Information to the Clipboard Cutting or Copying Information to the Clipboard When you cut or copy information that information is placed in the clipboard Howev...

Page 214: ...ious contents if any Pasting Information from the Clipboard Pasting Information from the Clipboard Pasting Information from the Clipboard Pasting Information from the Clipboard A paste operation inser...

Page 215: ...xample Copying and Pasting Suppose you want to reuse an expression without retyping it each time 1 Copy the applicable information 2 Paste the copied information into a new entry a Begin a new entry a...

Page 216: ...n 3 Paste the copied information into a different application Note By copying and pasting you can easily transfer information from one application to another c Press 8 7 to paste the copied expression...

Page 217: ...ing the Expression on the Entry Line Reusing the Expression on the Entry Line Reusing the Expression on the Entry Line Reusing the Expression on the Entry Line When you press to evaluate an expression...

Page 218: ...that covers 200 square centimeters Note Editing an entry lets you make minor changes without retyping the entire entry The example below uses 8 as the first guess and then displays the answer in its...

Page 219: ...een The recalled entry replaces whatever is currently shown on the entry line You can then reexecute or edit the recalled entry Note You can also use the entry function to recall any previous entry Re...

Page 220: ...rs by 4 2 meters Then calculate the yield per square meter if the plot produces a total of 147 tomatoes Just as ans 1 always contains the last answer ans 2 ans 3 etc also contain previous answers For...

Page 221: ...information Why Use Auto Paste Why Use Auto Paste Why Use Auto Paste Why Use Auto Paste The effect of using auto paste is similar to 2 and 2 as described in the previous section but there are differen...

Page 222: ...highlight the entry or answer to auto paste This pastes the entire entry or answer If you need only a part of the entry or answer edit the entry line to delete the unwanted parts C moves from answer...

Page 223: ...unction The following examples show user defined functions with one argument and two arguments You can use as many arguments as necessary In these examples the definition consists of a single expressi...

Page 224: ...evaluate the function Creating a User Defined Function Creating a User Defined Function Creating a User Defined Function Creating a User Defined Function Use one of the following methods Method Descri...

Page 225: ...e For information about similarities and differences between functions and programs refer to Programming For example suppose you want to create a function that sums a series of reciprocals based on an...

Page 226: ...ld for a single statement function Note It s easier to create a complicated multi statement function in the Program Editor than on the calculator Home screen Refer to Programming On the calculator Hom...

Page 227: ...isplaying and Editing a Function Definition You can use a user defined function just as you would any other function Evaluate it by itself or include it in another expression To Do this Display a list...

Page 228: ...to display an answer because there is not enough free memory Display the definition of a user defined function From the VAR LINK screen highlight the function and display the Contents menu 2 or From...

Page 229: ...wing shows an answer that is both too long and too tall to be displayed on the screen Note This example uses the randMat function to generate a 25 x 25 matrix If There Is not Enough Memory If There Is...

Page 230: ...memory by deleting unneeded variables and or Flash applications Use 2 as described in Memory and Variable Management If possible break the problem into smaller parts that can be calculated and display...

Page 231: ...or Home screen s normal toolbar menu press 2 to toggle the custom menu on and off Note You can also turn the custom menu on and off by entering CustmOn or CustmOff in the entry line and pressing Unles...

Page 232: ...store the default 1 From the calculator Home screen use 2 to turn off the custom menu and display the calculator Home screen s normal toolbar menu This pastes the commands used to create the default m...

Page 233: ...n Do You Need this Information When Do You Need this Information When Do You Need this Information The information on the About screen is intended for situations such as If you obtain new or upgraded...

Page 234: ...dvanced Mathematics Software version Product identifier Product ID Unit ID Apps certificate revision number Cert Rev OS version Product identifier Apps certificate revision number Hardware version Uni...

Page 235: ...algebraic expression that you anticipated How Undefined and Defined Variables Are Treated How Undefined and Defined Variables Are Treated How Undefined and Defined Variables Are Treated How Undefined...

Page 236: ...fining a variable it s a good practice to use more than one character in the name Leave one character names undefined for symbolic calculations Method Example Enter the variable name Use the isVar fun...

Page 237: ...tion 237 Note Use 2 to view a list of defined variables as described in Memory and Variable Management Use the getType function Method Example If defined the variable s type is displayed If undefined...

Page 238: ...defined variable by deleting it To delete Do this One or more specified variables Use the DelVar function You can also delete variables by using the VAR LINK screen 2 as described in Memory and Variab...

Page 239: ...operator refer to Typing the With Operator To type the with operator press All one letter variables a z in the current folder Note For information about folders refer to the Calculator Home Screen mo...

Page 240: ...t Approx EXACT the handheld uses exact rational arithmetic with up to 614 digits in the numerator and 614 digits in the denominator The EXACT setting Transforms irrational numbers to standard forms as...

Page 241: ...Certain built in functions that expect one of their arguments to be an integer will convert that number to an integer if possible For example d y x x 2 0 transforms to d y x x 2 Whole number floating...

Page 242: ...ve time and or use less memory than the EXACT setting Approximate results are sometimes more compact and comprehensible than exact results Results with undefined variables or functions often exhibit i...

Page 243: ...ssible exactly and then use approximate numerical methods if necessary to determine additional solutions Similarly integrate uses approximate numerical methods if appropriate where exact symbolic meth...

Page 244: ...ult simplification does not modify variables that use path names to indicate a folder For example x class x does not simplify to 2x Note For information about folders refer to the Calculator Home Scre...

Page 245: ...are assumed to represent constants and are placed in alphabetical order at the end of a sum but before numbers Numeric subexpressions are combined Products and sums are sorted into order Similar facto...

Page 246: ...y for simplification To interrupt a simplification process that is taking too long press You can then try simplifying only a portion of the expression Auto paste the entire expression on the entry lin...

Page 247: ...hat Use Delayed Simplification Functions that Use Delayed Simplification Functions that use delayed simplification have a required var argument that performs the function with respect to a variable Th...

Page 248: ...he right finds the derivative of x3 at x 5 If x3 was initially simplified to 75 you would find the derivative of 75 which is not what you want x cannot be simplified x is not simplified The function u...

Page 249: ...specify domain constraints Typing the With Operator Typing the With Operator Typing the With Operator Typing the With Operator To type the with operator press Substituting for a Variable Substituting...

Page 250: ...lysis you must define a complex variable For example x yi z Then you can use z as a complex variable You can also use z_ For more information see the _ underscore topic in the Technical Reference modu...

Page 251: ...the keyboard Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions Be Aware of the Limitations of Substitutions Substit...

Page 252: ...ursion Internally an expression is sorted according to the automatic simplification rules Therefore products and sums may not match the order in which you entered them An error message is displayed Wh...

Page 253: ...domain constraint Substituting for more general expressions either m c2 e or c2 m e may not work as you anticipate Note Use the solve function to help determine the single variable substitution ln x...

Page 254: ...ons vs Defining a Variable Using Substitutions vs Defining a Variable However substitution is preferable for most cases because the variable is defined only for the current calculation and does not ac...

Page 255: ...f the Algebra Menu Overview of the Algebra Menu You can use the Algebra toolbar menu to select the most commonly used algebraic functions The Algebra Menu The Algebra Menu The Algebra Menu The Algebra...

Page 256: ...spect to all its variables or with respect to only a specified variable zeros Determines the values of a specified variable that make an expression equal to zero Displays in a list approx Evaluates an...

Page 257: ...ultiple angles tCollect is the opposite of tExpand Complex Displays the submenu These are the same as solve factor and zeros but they also compute complex results Extract Displays the submenu getNum A...

Page 258: ...gives examples for some of the functions available from the Algebra toolbar menu For complete information about any function refer to the Technical Reference module Some algebraic operations do not r...

Page 259: ...mber Finding Prime Factors of a Number Finding Prime Factors of a Number The factor 2 function lets you do more than simply factor an algebraic polynomial Factor x5 N 1 Then expand the result Notice t...

Page 260: ...nsion that collects similar powers of a variable Solving an Equation Solving an Equation Solving an Equation Solving an Equation Use the solve 1 function to solve an equation for a specified variable...

Page 261: ...tem of equations use any of the following methods Consider a set of two equations with two unknowns 2x N 3y 4 Lx 7y L12 Method Example Use the solve function for a one step solution solve 2xN3y 4 and...

Page 262: ...are not on the Algebra menu Use 2 I 4 or the Catalog Use the simult function with a matrix Enter the coefficients as a matrix and the results as a constant column matrix Use the rref function with a...

Page 263: ...an Expression Finding the Zeros of an Expression Use the zeros 4 function zeros expression var Use the expression x sin x cos x Find the zeros with respect to x in the interval 0 x and x 3 Note For or...

Page 264: ...ssion x4 N 2x2 x 2x2 x 4 Then transform the answer into a ratio of a fully expanded numerator and a fully expanded denominator Notice that propFrac and comDenom perform opposite operations Note You ca...

Page 265: ...mmonly used calculus functions The Calc Menu The Calc Menu The Calc Menu The Calc Menu From the Home screen press to display Note For a complete description of each function and its syntax refer to th...

Page 266: ...ecified variable that maximize an expression arcLen Returns the arc length of an expression with respect to a specified variable taylor Calculates a Taylor polynomial approximation to an expression wi...

Page 267: ...lc toolbar menu For complete information about any calculus function refer to the Technical Reference module Integrating and Differentiating Integrating and Differentiating Integrating and Differentia...

Page 268: ...atrix Finding a Limit Finding a Limit Finding a Limit Finding a Limit Use the limit 3 function Note You can find a limit for an expression list or matrix Find the limit of sin 3x x as x approaches 0 l...

Page 269: ...ion User Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation User Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation User Defined Functions and Symbolic Manipulation You can use a user defined function as an argumen...

Page 270: ...e Overview of Entering a Function in the Programming module Undefined Functions Undefined Functions Undefined Functions Undefined Functions You can use functions such as f x g t r q etc that have not...

Page 271: ...ment vs Single Statement Functions Multi statement user defined functions should be used as an argument for numeric functions such as nDeriv and nInt only Then find the limit of sec x as x approaches...

Page 272: ...ction with two pieces If you were to create a multi statement user defined function with the form Note To select nInt from the Calc toolbar menu press B nInt When Use expression x 0 x 0 Lx 5 cos x Fun...

Page 273: ...the handheld may run out of memory before a result can be calculated Freeing Up Memory Freeing Up Memory Freeing Up Memory Freeing Up Memory Delete unneeded variables and or Flash applications partic...

Page 274: ...olve b 0 var Solve each part and combine the results If several undefined variables occur only in a certain combination replace that combination with a single variable If m and c occur only as m c2 su...

Page 275: ...on Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation Special Constants Used in Symbolic Manipulation The result of a calculation may include one of the special constants described in this section In som...

Page 276: ...rs multiple times in the same session each occurrence is numbered consecutively After it reaches 255 arbitrary integer consecutive numbering restarts at n0 Use Clean Up 2 NewProb to reset to n1 Note F...

Page 277: ...n the same session each occurrence is numbered consecutively After it reaches 255 arbitrary integer consecutive numbering restarts at 0 Use Clean Up 2 NewProb to reset to 1 Note For press 8 9 represen...

Page 278: ...Symbolic Manipulation 278 undef undef undef undef This indicates that the result is undefined Mathematically undefined undetermined sign Non unique limit...

Page 279: ...menu to select from a list of available constants and units or you can type them directly from the keyboard From a Menu From a Menu From a Menu From a Menu The following shows how to select a unit but...

Page 280: ...t However if you are adding units to a variable you must put a space or before the underscore For example x_m is treated as a variable not as x with a unit Note You can type units in either uppercase...

Page 281: ...ories Note Create a user defined unit for frequently used combinations For example suppose you want to enter a velocity in meters per second In the UNITS dialog box however the Velocity category does...

Page 282: ...r example Note If you have any doubt about how a value and its units will be evaluated group them within parentheses Here s why you get unexpected units if you do not use parentheses In a calculation...

Page 283: ...Units Except Temperature For All Units Except Temperature If you use a unit in a calculation it is converted and displayed automatically in the current default unit for that category unless you use t...

Page 284: ...ant to convert to a unit other than the default use the 4 conversion operator To convert 4 light years to kilometers 4_ltyr 4 _km To convert 186000 miles second to kilometers hour 186000_mi _s 4 _km _...

Page 285: ...000 miles second from miles to kilometers 186000_mi _s 4 _km To convert 186000 miles second from seconds to hours 186000_mi _s 4 1 _hr To enter meters per second squared 27_m _s 2 To convert meters pe...

Page 286: ...ure Values For Temperature Values For Temperature Values To convert a temperature value you must use tmpCnv instead of the 4 operator For example to convert 100_ C to _ F tmpCnv 100_ c _ f tmpCnv expr...

Page 287: ...ing the Default Units for Displayed Results Setting the Default Units for Displayed Results Setting the Default Units for Displayed Results All results involving units are displayed in the default uni...

Page 288: ...Setting Custom Defaults The SI and ENG US systems of measurement set from Page 3 of the MODE screen use built in default units which you cannot change The default units for these systems are available...

Page 289: ...the NONE Default What is the NONE Default What is the NONE Default Many categories let you select NONE as the default unit 4 For each category you can highlight its default press B and select a unit f...

Page 290: ...e standalone units Why Use Your Own Units Why Use Your Own Units Why Use Your Own Units Why Use Your Own Units Some example reasons to create a unit are You want to enter length values in dekameters D...

Page 291: ...r to variables Can have up to 8 characters First character must be an underscore For _ press 8 5 Second character can be any valid variable name character except _ or a digit For example _9f is not va...

Page 292: ...e stored as variables You can delete them the same as you would any variable For example to define a dekameter unit 10_m _dm To define an acceleration unit _m _s 2 _ms2 To calculate 195 blinks in 5 mi...

Page 293: ...d ENG US Defaults for SI and ENG US Defaults for SI and ENG US The SI and ENG US systems of measurement use built in default units In this section the built in defaults are indicated by SI and ENG US...

Page 294: ...roton rest mass 1 67262171E M27_kg _Na Avogadro s number 6 0221415E23 _mol _q electron charge 1 60217653E M19_coul _Rb Bohr radius 5 291772108E M11_m _Rc molar gas constant 8 314472_J _mol _ K _Rdb Ry...

Page 295: ...nstitute of Standards and Technology NIST web site http physics nist gov cuu Constants index html Length Length Length Length Area Area Area Area _Ang angstrom _mi mile _au astronomical unit _mil 1 10...

Page 296: ..._floz fluid ounce _pt pint _flozUK British fluid ounce _qt quart _gal gallon _tbsp tablespoon _galUK British gallon _tsp teaspoon _l liter NONE SI ENG US _day day _s second SI ENG US _hr hour _week w...

Page 297: ...s Intensity Luminous Intensity Amount of Substance Amount of Substance Amount of Substance Amount of Substance Mass Mass Mass Mass no pre defined units _ C Celsius For press 2 _ K Kelvin _ F Fahrenhei...

Page 298: ..._tonUK long ton _mton metric ton _dyne dyne _N newton SI _kgf kilogram force _tonf ton force _lbf pound force ENG US _Btu British thermal unit ENG US _J joule SI _cal calorie _kcal kilocalorie _erg e...

Page 299: ...y Dynamic Viscosity Dynamic Viscosity Dynamic Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency _atm atmosphere _mmHg millimeters of mercury _bar bar _Pa pascal SI _inH2O inches of water _psi pounds per square...

Page 300: ...tential Resistance Resistance Resistance Resistance Conductance Conductance Conductance Conductance _A ampere SI ENG US _mA milliampere _kA kiloampere _mA microampere _coul coulomb SI ENG US _kV kilov...

Page 301: ...ux Density Mag Flux Density Mag Flux Density Mag Flux Density Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Inductance Inductance Inductance Inductance _F farad SI ENG US _pF picofarad _nF n...

Page 302: ...h one or more y x functions use the general steps shown below For a detailed description of each step refer to the following pages You may not need to do all the steps each time you graph a function G...

Page 303: ...g cursor or of a plotted point by tracing a function Use the Zoom toolbar menu to zoom in or out on a portion of the graph 4 Set the display style for a function 2 This is optional For multiple equati...

Page 304: ...Graph Mode Graph Mode Graph Mode Graph Mode 2 Set the Graph mode to FUNCTION Refer to Setting Modes in Operating the Calculator For graphs that do not use complex numbers set Complex Format REAL Other...

Page 305: ...ph mode and Angle mode check the status line at the bottom of the screen Defining Functions for Graphing Defining Functions for Graphing Defining Functions for Graphing Defining Functions for Graphing...

Page 306: ...at a time 3 Press or to move the cursor to the entry line 4 Type the expression to define the function The independent variable in function graphing is x The expression can refer to other variables i...

Page 307: ...he Y Editor 1 Press D and C to highlight the function 2 Press or to move the cursor to the entry line 3 Do any of the following Use B and A to move the cursor within the expression and edit it Refer t...

Page 308: ...Cursor Shortcuts to Move the Cursor Shortcuts to Move the Cursor From the Y Editor To erase Do this A function from the function list Highlight the function and press 0 or M A function from the entry...

Page 309: ...Variable Values in Operating the Calculator Creating and Evaluating User Defined Functions in Calculator Home Screen Note User defined functions can have almost any name However if you want them to a...

Page 310: ...n or a Program You can also select or deselect functions from the Home screen or a program To select or deselect Do this A specified function Move the cursor to highlight the function Press This proce...

Page 311: ...ach defined function you can set a style that specifies how that function will be graphed This is useful when graphing multiple functions For example set one as a solid line another as a dotted line e...

Page 312: ...next shaded function uses the second pattern etc The fifth shaded function reuses the first pattern Style Description Line Connects plotted points with a line This is the default Dot Displays a dot at...

Page 313: ...ordinate plane displayed on the Graph screen By setting Window variables you can define the viewing window s boundaries and other attributes Function graphs parametric graphs etc have their own indepe...

Page 314: ...r the old value then type the new one or Press A or B to remove the highlighting then edit the value Values are stored as you type them you do not need to press simply moves the cursor to the next Win...

Page 315: ...ence elements such as the axes a grid and the cursor s coordinates Function graphs parametric graphs etc have their own independent set of graph formats Displaying Graph Format Settings Displaying Gra...

Page 316: ...hen press or Press the number for that setting Graph Order Graphs functions one at a time SEQ or all at the same time SIMUL Not available when Discontinuity Detection is set to ON Grid Shows ON or hid...

Page 317: ...ed functions display the Graph screen This screen uses the display style and viewing window that you previously defined Displaying the Graph Screen Displaying the Graph Screen Displaying the Graph Scr...

Page 318: ...his Redefine the viewing window with different boundaries Use a Zoom operation Smart Graph Smart Graph Smart Graph Smart Graph When you display the Graph screen the Smart Graph feature displays the pr...

Page 319: ...tion Free Moving Cursor Free Moving Cursor Free Moving Cursor Free Moving Cursor When you first display the Graph screen no cursor is visible To display the cursor press a cursor pad arrow The cursor...

Page 320: ...ears to be on the function it may be near the function but not on it To increase the accuracy Use the Trace tool described on the next page to display coordinates that are on the function Use a Zoom o...

Page 321: ...ue on the screen The cursor s coordinates are displayed at the bottom of the screen If multiple functions are graphed the trace cursor appears on the lowest numbered function selected in the Y Editor...

Page 322: ...y yn x If the function is undefined at an x value the y value is blank You can continue to trace a function that goes above or below the viewing window You cannot see the cursor as it moves in that of...

Page 323: ...d functions in the Y Editor not the appearance of the functions as graphed on the screen Automatic Panning Automatic Panning Automatic Panning Automatic Panning If you trace a function off the left or...

Page 324: ...trace even when the cursor is still on the screen Canceling Trace Canceling Trace Canceling Trace Canceling Trace To cancel a trace at any time press N A trace is also canceled when you display anothe...

Page 325: ...you select a Zoom tool from the Y Editor or Window Editor the TI 89 Titanium automatically displays the Graph screen Procedures for using ZoomBox ZoomIn ZoomOut ZoomStd Memory and SetFactors are given...

Page 326: ...p 2 1 570796 radians yscl 0 5 or 90 degrees ZoomInt Lets you select a new center point and then sets x and y to 1 and sets xscl and yscl to 10 ZoomData Adjusts Window variables so that all selected st...

Page 327: ...he box you want to define and then press The cursor changes to a small square and the screen prompts for 2nd Corner Note To move the cursor in larger increments use 2 B 2 D etc 3 Move the cursor to th...

Page 328: ...t and the y variables are multiplied by yFact new xmin xmin xFact etc Changing Zoom Factors Changing Zoom Factors Changing Zoom Factors Changing Zoom Factors The Zoom factors define the magnification...

Page 329: ...edit the old value 3 Press after typing in an input box you must press twice to save any changes and exit the dialog box Saving or Recalling a Viewing Window Saving or Recalling a Viewing Window Savin...

Page 330: ...From the Zoom menu select 6 ZoomStd Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions Using Math Tools to Analyze Functions On the Graph...

Page 331: ...Minimum Maximum Finds a zero x intercept minimum or maximum point within an interval Intersection Finds the intersection of two functions Derivatives Finds the derivative slope at a point f x dx Finds...

Page 332: ...and xmax The value can be an expression 4 Press D or C to move the cursor between functions at the entered x value The corresponding y value is displayed If you press A or B the free moving cursor app...

Page 333: ...move the cursor to the lower bound or type its x value 4 Press A 4 at the top of the screen marks the lower bound Finding the Intersection of Two Functions within an Interval Finding the Intersection...

Page 334: ...inding the Numerical Integral over an Interval Finding the Numerical Integral over an Interval Finding the Numerical Integral over an Interval Finding the Numerical Integral over an Interval 1 From th...

Page 335: ...2 As necessary use D and C to select the applicable function 3 Set the lower bound for x Either use A and B to move the cursor to the lower bound or type its x value 4 Press A 4 at the top of the scre...

Page 336: ...r to set the point a line is drawn as you move the cursor Drawing a Tangent Line Drawing a Tangent Line Drawing a Tangent Line Drawing a Tangent Line 1 From the Graph screen press and select A Tangent...

Page 337: ...and the x Axis Shading the Area between a Function and the x Axis Shading the Area between a Function and the x Axis Shading the Area between a Function and the x Axis You must have only one function...

Page 338: ...between Two Functions within an Interval Shading the Area between Two Functions within an Interval You must have at least two functions graphed If you graph only one function the Shade tool shades the...

Page 339: ...f you do not press A or B or type an x value when setting the lower and upper bound xmin and xmax will be used as the lower and upper bound respectively 7 Press A 4 at the top of the screen marks the...

Page 340: ...ral steps used for y x functions as described in Basic Function Graphing Any differences that apply to polar equations are described on the following pages Graphing Polar Equations Graphing Polar Equa...

Page 341: ...e moving cursor or of a plotted point by tracing a polar equation 4 Set the display style for an equation You can set either the x or y component 2 This is optional For multiple equations this helps v...

Page 342: ...Function Graphing This section describes the differences that apply to polar equations Setting the Graph Mode Setting the Graph Mode Setting the Graph Mode Setting the Graph Mode Use 3 to set Graph PO...

Page 343: ...are still defined in the Y Editor When you return to POLAR graphing mode your r q equations are still defined Selecting the Display Style Selecting the Display Style Selecting the Display Style Selec...

Page 344: ...Setting the Graph Format Setting the Graph Format Setting the Graph Format To display coordinates as r and q values use qstep Increment for the q value Polar equations are evaluated at r qmin r qmin...

Page 345: ...g a Graph As in function graphing you can explore a graph by using the following tools Any displayed coordinates are shown in polar or rectangular form as set in the graph format Tool For Polar Graphs...

Page 346: ...or right press to center the viewing window on the cursor location Automatic panning is not available If you move the cursor off the left or right side of the screen the TI 89 Titanium Voyage 200 Gra...

Page 347: ...the same general steps used for y x functions as described in Basic Function Graphing Any differences that apply to parametric equations are described on the following pages Graping Parametic Equatio...

Page 348: ...e moving cursor or of a plotted point by tracing a parametric equation 4 Set the display style for an equation You can set either the x or y component 2 This is optional For multiple equations this he...

Page 349: ...ng the Graph Mode Setting the Graph Mode Setting the Graph Mode Setting the Graph Mode Use 3 to set Graph PARAMETRIC before you define equations or set Window variables The Y Editor and the Window Edi...

Page 350: ...ions are still defined in the Y Editor When you return to PARAMETRIC graphing mode your x and y components are still defined Selecting Parametric Equations Selecting Parametric Equations Selecting Par...

Page 351: ...r s Style toolbar menu Window Variables Window Variables Window Variables Window Variables The Window Editor maintains an independent set of Window variables for each Graph mode setting just as the Y...

Page 352: ...lore a graph by using the following tools Note During a trace you can also evaluate x t and y t by typing the t value and pressing You can use QuickCenter at any time during a trace even if the cursor...

Page 353: ...er applies to all directions If you move the cursor off the screen top or bottom left or right press to center the viewing window on the cursor location Automatic panning is not available If you move...

Page 354: ...ns as described in Basic Function Graphing Any differences are described on the following pages Graphing Sequences Graphing Sequences Graphing Sequences Graphing Sequences 1 Set Graph mode 3 to SEQUEN...

Page 355: ...oom toolbar menu to zoom in or out on a portion of the graph Use the Math toolbar menu to evaluate a sequence Only 1 Value is available for sequences Plot sequences on Time the default Web or Custom a...

Page 356: ...Use 3 to set Graph SEQUENCE before you define sequences or set Window variables The Y Editor and the Window Editor let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only Defining Sequences...

Page 357: ...phing mode you define a set of y x functions You change to SEQUENCE graphing mode and define a set of u n sequences When you return to FUNCTION graphing mode your y x functions are still defined in th...

Page 358: ...ences are evaluated even if they are not plotted With CUSTOM axes when you specify a sequence in the custom settings it is graphed regardless of whether it is selected Selecting the Display Style Sele...

Page 359: ...n nmax Smallest and largest n values to evaluate Sequences are evaluated at u nmin u nmin 1 u nmin 2 not to exceed u nmax plotStrt The term number that will be the first one plotted depending on plots...

Page 360: ...nt points are plotted To see how plotstrt affects graph look at the following examples of a recursive sequence Note Both of these graphs use the same Window variables except for plotstrt nmin 1 nmax 1...

Page 361: ...M axes multiple sequences are always plotted simultaneously With WEB axes multiple sequences are always plotted sequentially Exploring a Graph Exploring a Graph Exploring a Graph Exploring a Graph As...

Page 362: ...approximately ten plotted points at a time press 2 B or 2 A When you begin a trace the cursor is on the first selected sequence at the term number specified by plotstrt even if it is outside the view...

Page 363: ...of axes for the graph Examples of the different types are given later in this module Displaying the AXES Dialog Box Displaying the AXES Dialog Box Displaying the AXES Dialog Box Displaying the AXES D...

Page 364: ...s Valid Functions for Web Plots Valid Functions for Web Plots A sequence must meet the following criteria otherwise it will not be graphed properly on WEB axes The sequence Must be recursive with only...

Page 365: ...r the sequence is plotted the web may be displayed manually or automatically depending on how you set Build Web on the AXES dialog box The web 1 Starts on the x axis at the initial value ui when plots...

Page 366: ...p is ignored Example Convergence Example Convergence Example Convergence Example Convergence 1 On the Y Editor 8 define u1 n L 8u1 nN1 3 6 Set initial value ui1 L4 2 Set Axes TIME 3 On the Window Edit...

Page 367: ...approach the convergence point Note When the nc value changes the cursor is on the sequence The next time you press B nc stays the same but the cursor is now on the y x reference line nmin 1 nmax 25...

Page 368: ...8 set the Window variables 5 On the Y Editor set Axes WEB and Build Web AUTO 6 On the Window Editor 8 set the Window variables nmin 0 nmax 10 plotstrt 1 plotstep 1 xmin 0 xmax 10 xscl 1 ymin L75 ymax...

Page 369: ...l value ui1 0 5 2 Set Axes TIME 3 On the Window Editor 8 set the Window variables 5 On the Y Editor set Axes WEB and Build Web AUTO 7 Regraph the sequence The web plot shows how quickly the sequence d...

Page 370: ...graphing sequences As shown in the following example CUSTOM axes are particularly effective for showing relationships between one sequence and another nmin 1 nmax 100 plotstrt 1 plotstep 1 xmin 2 68...

Page 371: ...8 define the sequences and initial values for Rn and Wn u1 n u1 nN1 1 05 N 001 u2 nN1 ui1 200 u2 n u2 nN1 1 0002 u1 nN1 N 03 ui2 50 Note Assume there are initially 200 rabbits and 50 foxes 2 Set Axes...

Page 372: ...rt 1 plotstep 1 xmin 0 xmax 400 xscl 100 ymin 0 ymax 300 yscl 100 4 Graph the sequence 8 Note Use to individually trace the number of rabbits u1 n and foxes u2 n over time n nmin 0 nmax 400 plotstrt 1...

Page 373: ...information Example Fibonacci Sequence Example Fibonacci Sequence Example Fibonacci Sequence Example Fibonacci Sequence In a Fibonacci sequence the first two terms are 1 and 1 Each succeeding term is...

Page 374: ...ence Graphing 374 3 Set Window variables 8 so that nmin has the same value as tblStart 4 Display the table 8 5 Scroll down the table D or 2 D to see more of the sequence Fibonacci sequence is in colum...

Page 375: ...ction Graphing Any differences that apply to 3D equations are described on the following pages Graphing 3D Equations Graphing 3D Equations Graphing 3D Equations Graphing 3D Equations 1 Set Graph mode...

Page 376: ...not available for 3D graphs Use the Math toolbar menu to evaluate the equation at a specified point Only 1 Value is available for 3D graphs You can also evaluate z x y while tracing Type the x value a...

Page 377: ...g the Graph Mode Use 3 to set Graph 3D before you define equations or set Window variables The Y Editor and the Window Editor let you enter information for the current Graph mode setting only Defining...

Page 378: ...the Display Style Selecting the Display Style Because you can graph only one 3D equation at a time display styles are not available On the Y Editor the Style toolbar menu is dimmed For 3D equations h...

Page 379: ...where the grid lines or grid wires intersect The incremental value along x and y is calculated as x increment y increment The number of grid wires is xgrid 1 and ygrid 1 For example when xgrid 14 and...

Page 380: ...id variables decreases the graphing speed Setting the Graph Format Setting the Graph Format Setting the Graph Format Setting the Graph Format The Axes and Style formats are specific to the 3D graphing...

Page 381: ...fected The grid xgrid ygrid and eye eyeq eyef eye Window variables are not affected unless you select 6 ZoomStd which resets these variables to their standard values Trace Lets you move the cursor alo...

Page 382: ...the x and y axes have a different orientation than other graphing modes How to Move the Cursor How to Move the Cursor How to Move the Cursor How to Move the Cursor On a 3D surface the cursor always fo...

Page 383: ...een use 8 Simple Example of Moving the Cursor Simple Example of Moving the Cursor Simple Example of Moving the Cursor Simple Example of Moving the Cursor The following graph shows a sloped plane that...

Page 384: ...to the axes Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface Example of the Cursor on a Hidden Surface On more complex sha...

Page 385: ...Example of an Off the Curve Cursor Example of an Off the Curve Cursor Example of an Off the Curve Cursor Although the cursor can move only along a grid wire you will see many cases where the cursor d...

Page 386: ...on the cursor s location Simply press When zc is outside the z boundary of the viewing cube the cursor is physically displayed at zmin or zmax although the screen shows the correct trace coordinates R...

Page 387: ...e and is horizontal In the Window Editor 8 always enter eyeq eyef and eye in degrees regardless of the current angle mode The viewing angle has three components eyeq angle in degrees from the positive...

Page 388: ...g eyeq theta theta theta theta The view on the Graph screen is always oriented along the viewing angle From this point of view you can change eyeq to rotate the viewing angle around the z axis Note Th...

Page 389: ...plane Note This example starts on the xy plane eyef 90 and decrements eyef by 20 to elevate the viewing angle Effect of Changing eye Effect of Changing eye Effect of Changing eye Effect of Changing ey...

Page 390: ...creen s width and height This causes some distortion as shown in the example z1 x y x3 y y3 x 390 In this example eyeq 20 and eyef 70 eye 0 eye 45 eye 90 When eye 0 the z axis runs the height of the s...

Page 391: ...necessary Animating a 3D Graph Interactively Animating a 3D Graph Interactively Animating a 3D Graph Interactively Animating a 3D Graph Interactively After plotting any 3D graph you can change the vi...

Page 392: ...ease the cursor quickly Move along the viewing orbit A or B Change the viewing orbit s elevation primarily increases or decreases eyef C or D Animate the graph continuously Press and hold the cursor f...

Page 393: ...ctures Refer to Animating a Series of Graph Pictures Additonal Graphing Topics This method gives you more control over the Window variable values particularly eye which rotates the graph Changing the...

Page 394: ...es the origin 0 0 0 is inside the box not at a corner For example if xmin ymin zmin L10 and xmax ymax zmax 10 the origin is at the center of the box The dialog box shows the current graph format setti...

Page 395: ...ssible Optical Illusions Be Aware of Possible Optical Illusions Be Aware of Possible Optical Illusions Be Aware of Possible Optical Illusions The eye angles used to view a graph eyeq eyef and eye Wind...

Page 396: ...reen to show the front of the box To minimize the effect of optical illusions use the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box to set Style HIDDEN SURFACE Contour Plots Contour Plots Contour Plots Contour Plots In a...

Page 397: ...so that you are viewing the contours by looking down the z axis You can change the viewing angle as necessary The graph is shown in expanded view To switch between expanded and normal view press p Th...

Page 398: ...iable values as a ZoomStd viewing cube If you use ZoomStd press Z to look down the z axis Do not confuse the contours with the grid lines The contours are darker Style z1 x y x3 y y3 x 390 z1 x y x2 5...

Page 399: ...z values where If ncontour 5 and you use the standard viewing window zmin L10 and zmax 10 the increment is 3 333 Five contours are drawn for z L6 666 L3 333 0 3 333 and 6 666 Note however that a cont...

Page 400: ...ify a point on the graph and draw a contour for the corresponding z value 2 Select 7 Draw Contour 3 Either Type the point s x value and press and then type the y value and press or Move the cursor to...

Page 401: ...ours are drawn on the current 3D graph A contour is not drawn if the specified z value is outside the viewing cube or if the 3D graph is not defined at that z value Notes about Contour Plots Notes abo...

Page 402: ...lus Surface Example Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface Example Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface Example Contours of a Complex Modulus Surface The complex modulus surface given by z a b abs f a...

Page 403: ...and i 4 Display the Graph Formats dialog box 8 Turn on the axes set Style CONTOUR LEVELS and return to the Window editor 6 Press and move the trace cursor to the zero in the fourth quadrant The coord...

Page 404: ...it forms that cannot be graphed in function graphing mode Technically an implicit plot is a 3D contour plot with a single contour drawn for z 0 only Explicit and Implicit Forms Explicit and Implicit F...

Page 405: ...ormat Style In 3D graphing mode define an appropriate equation and graph it as you would any 3D equation with the following exception Display the GRAPH FORMATS dialog box from the Y Editor Window edit...

Page 406: ...t initially so that you are viewing the plot by looking down the z axis You can change the viewing angle as necessary The plot is shown in expanded view To switch between expanded and normal view pres...

Page 407: ...een wire frame graph of the 3D equation It may take awhile to evaluate the equation initially Because of possible long evaluation times you first may want to experiment with your 3D equation by using...

Page 408: ...ress 8 and define the equation z1 x y sin x 4 y x 3y 1 3 Press 8 and set the Window variables as shown 4 Press 8 Turn on the axes set Style IMPLICIT PLOT and return to the Window editor 5 Press 8 to g...

Page 409: ...ween normal and expanded views 6 Use the cursor keys to animate the graph and view it from different eye angles Note For more detail increase the xgrid and ygrid Window variables However this increase...

Page 410: ...Equations To graph differential equations use the same general steps used for y x functions as described in Basic Function Graphing Any differences are described on the following pages Graphing Differ...

Page 411: ...9 or 8 Note The Fields format is critical depending on the order of the equation 6 Set the axes as applicable depending on the Fields format 2 Note Valid Axes settings depend on the Fields format 7 D...

Page 412: ...raph Mode Use 3 to set Graph DIFF EQUATIONS before you define differential equations or set Window variables The Y Editor and the Window Editor let you enter information for the current Graph mode set...

Page 413: ...equations Detailed information is available on setting initial conditions Selecting Differential Equations Selecting Differential Equations Selecting Differential Equations Selecting Differential Equa...

Page 414: ...g Graph Formats Setting Graph Formats Setting Graph Formats The formats affected by differential equations are From the Y Editor Window Editor or Graph screen press 9 or 8 Graph format Description Gra...

Page 415: ...at Fields Specifies whether to draw a field for the differential equation SLPFLD Draws a slope field for only one 1st order equation with t on the x axis and the solution on the y axis DIRFLD Draws a...

Page 416: ...e solutions to the selected differential equations on the y axis CUSTOM Lets you select the x and y axes Variable Description t0 Time at which the initial conditions entered in the Y Editor occur You...

Page 417: ...tarting at t0 may not be interesting visually By setting tplot greater than t0 you can start the plot at the interesting area which speeds up the graphing time and avoids unnecessary clutter on the Gr...

Page 418: ...by the RK method to help select a step size for solving the equation must be 1EL14 fldres Fields SLPFLD or DIRFLD only Number of columns 1 through 80 used to draw a slope or direction field across the...

Page 419: ...ield the TI 89 Titanium reuses the picture in fldpic instead of having to redraw the field This can speed up the regraphing time significantly fldpic is deleted automatically when you exit the differe...

Page 420: ...move approximately ten plotted points at a time press 2 B or 2 A If you enter initial conditions in the Y Editor or let the ncurves Window variable plot curves automatically you can trace the curves I...

Page 421: ...or You can specify one or more initial conditions in the Y Editor To specify more than one enter them as a list enclosed in braces and separated by commas For a 2nd or higher order differential equati...

Page 422: ...at and the Axes setting determine whether ncurves is used When ncurves is used t0 is set temporarily at the middle of the Graph screen However the value of t0 as set in the Y Editor or Window Editor i...

Page 423: ...curve is displayed you can select a point on the Graph screen and use it as an initial condition If Fields Do this SLPFLD or DIRFLD Press 2 Specify an initial condition Either Move the cursor to the a...

Page 424: ...olution Curve Note about Tracing a Solution Curve Note about Tracing a Solution Curve When you enter initial conditions in the Y Editor or let ncurves graph solution curves automatically you can use t...

Page 425: ...a 1st Order System Transforming an Equation into a 1st Order System Transforming an Equation into a 1st Order System Transforming an Equation into a 1st Order System A system of equations can be defin...

Page 426: ...t side of the equation substitute for the derivative value as shown below In place of Substitute y y y y y 4 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y et N y2 N y1 Do not substitute on the left side at this time In place of S...

Page 427: ...to deselect any other equations in the system Example of a 2nd Order Equation Example of a 2nd Order Equation Example of a 2nd Order Equation Example of a 2nd Order Equation The 2nd order differentia...

Page 428: ...ter the system of equations 4 Enter the initial conditions yi1 0 and yi2 1 Note t0 is the time at which the initial conditions occur It is also the first t evaluated for the graph By default t0 0 5 Pr...

Page 429: ...2 and make sure Axes CUSTOM with y1 and y2 as the axes Important Fields DIRFLD cannot plot a time axis An Invalid Axes error occurs if Axes TIME or if t is set as a CUSTOM axis 7 In the Window Editor...

Page 430: ...splay different graphs in both parts of a split screen you must use the 2 graph mode 10 Press 2 a to switch to the right side of the split screen 11 Use to select y1 and y2 The right side uses the sam...

Page 431: ...ial conditions y 0 0 y 0 1 and y 0 1 14 In the Window Editor change ymin and ymax as shown to the right Note When you enter 2 graph mode Window variables for the right side are set to their defaults y...

Page 432: ...sin x y sin x N 2y N 2y N y y sin t N 2y N 2y N y y sin t N 2y3 N 2y2 N y1 y3 sin t N 2y3 N 2y2 N y1 3 In the Y Editor 8 enter the system of equations 4 Enter the initial conditions yi1 0 yi2 1 and yi...

Page 433: ...ou must set Fields FLDOFF Otherwise an Undefined variable error occurs when graphing 7 In the Y Editor press 2 Set Axes TIME Note With Axes TIME the solution to the selected equation is plotted agains...

Page 434: ...ffective for showing different kinds of relationships Displaying the AXES Dialog Box Displaying the AXES Dialog Box Displaying the AXES Dialog Box Displaying the AXES Dialog Box From the Y Editor pres...

Page 435: ...ion equilibrium in a certain region Graph the solution using both time and custom axes X Axis Y Axis Active only when Axes CUSTOM these let you select what you want to plot on the x and y axes t time...

Page 436: ...1 Initial population of foxes 2 y2 Population of rabbits yi2 Initial population of rabbits 5 1 Use 3 to set Graph DIFF EQUATIONS 2 In the Y Editor 8 define the differential equations and enter the ini...

Page 437: ...les t0 0 tmax 10 tstep p 24 tplot 0 xmin L1 xmax 10 xscl 5 ymin L10 ymax 40 yscl 5 ncurves 0 diftol 001 6 Graph the differential equations 8 7 Press to trace Then press 3 to see the number of foxes yc...

Page 438: ...2nd order equation 9 Press 2 Confirm that the axes are set as shown 10 In the Y Editor clear the initial conditions for yi1 and yi2 11 Return to the Graph screen which displays only the direction fie...

Page 439: ...nts calculated by the RK and Euler solution methods Then plot those points along with a graph of the equation s exact solution Example Example Example Example 13 Return to the Graph screen which displ...

Page 440: ...on Method RK and Fields FLDOFF Note To speed up graphing times clear any other equations in the Y Editor With FLDOFF all equations are evaluated even if they are not selected 6 In the Window Editor 8...

Page 441: ...ncurves 0 diftol 001 7 In the Home screen use BldData to create a data variable containing the RK graphing points 8 Return to the Y Editor press 9 or 8 Set Solution Method EULER Note You do not need t...

Page 442: ...tles as shown To define a column header move the cursor to that column press type the reference expression such as rklog 1 for c1 and press Note rklog 1 and rklog 2 refer to column 1 and 2 in rklog re...

Page 443: ...and Plot 2 16 In the Window Editor set the Window variables xmin L10 xmax 100 xscl 10 ymin L10 ymax 120 yscl 10 xres 2 17 Display the Graph screen 8 Note The fuzzy line on the graph indicates differe...

Page 444: ...Editor to open the errorlog data variable and scroll to time 40 Example of the deSolve Function Example of the deSolve Function Example of the deSolve Function Example of the deSolve Function The deS...

Page 445: ...sing the logistic 1st order differential equation find the general solution for y with respect to t Notes For maximum accuracy use 1 1000 instead of 001 A floating point number can introduce round off...

Page 446: ...light the solution in the history area Then press to autopaste it into the entry line b Insert the Define instruction at the beginning of the line Then press Note Press 2 A to move to the beginning of...

Page 447: ...you correct the problem Many problems may be related to your Fields graph format setting Setting the Fields Graph Format Setting the Fields Graph Format Setting the Fields Graph Format Setting the Fie...

Page 448: ...plicable setting For a particular Fields setting check the following for information that applies to that setting 2nd order system of two 1st order equations DIRFLD or FLDOFF 3rd or higher order syste...

Page 449: ...rder equation You can enter mulNotele equations but only one at a time can be selected The selected equation must not refer to any other equation in the Y Editor For example If y1 y2 an Undefined vari...

Page 450: ...or occurs when you graph If you enter initial conditions in the Y Editor the equations referenced by the custom axes must have the same number of initial conditions Otherwise a Dimension error occurs...

Page 451: ...tically Notes With DIRFLD the equations referenced by the custom axes determine which equations are graphed regardless of which equations are selected in the Y Editor If your system of equations refer...

Page 452: ...s is not t you must enter at least one initial condition for each equation in the Y Editor whether the equation is selected or not Otherwise a Diff Eq setup error occurs when you graph In the Graph sc...

Page 453: ...Differential Equation Graphing 453...

Page 454: ...e table refer to the following pages Generating a Table Generating a Table Generating a Table Generating a Table 1 Set Graph mode and if necessary Angle mode 3 Note Tables are not available in 3D Grap...

Page 455: ...riable you can zoom in or out on the table to see different levels of detail Change the cell width Edit selected functions Build or edit a manual table to show only specified values of the independent...

Page 456: ...is specifies the starting value for the independent variable tbl If Independent AUTO and Graph Table OFF this specifies the incremental value for the independent variable tbl can be positive or negati...

Page 457: ...ing the Setup Parameters Changing the Setup Parameters Changing the Setup Parameters Changing the Setup Parameters From the TABLE SETUP dialog box Independent AUTO The TI 89 Titanium automatically gen...

Page 458: ...rom the Home Screen or a Program You can set up a table s parameters from the Home screen or a program You can Store values directly to the system variables tblStart and tbl Refer to Storing and Recal...

Page 459: ...the Graph screen If Graph Table OFF the table is based on the values you entered for tblStart and tbl Before You Begin Before You Begin Before You Begin Before You Begin Define and select the applicab...

Page 460: ...When you scroll right or left the values of the independent variable are always visible along the left side of the screen To move the cursor Press One cell at a time D C B or A One page at a time 2 an...

Page 461: ...ht a number and press For single digit numbers you can type the number and press 4 Press to close the dialog box and update the table How Numbers Are Displayed in a Cell How Numbers Are Displayed in a...

Page 462: ...setting a number is shown with up to six digits even if the cell is wide enough to show more Other settings similarly affect a displayed number Note To see a number in full precision highlight the cel...

Page 463: ...n Editing a Selected Function From a table you can change a selected function without having to use the Y Editor 1 Move the cursor to any cell in the column for that function The table s header row sh...

Page 464: ...box Then make your changes Building a Manual Ask Table Building a Manual Ask Table Building a Manual Ask Table Building a Manual Ask Table If Independent ASK on the TABLE SETUP dialog box the TI 89 Ti...

Page 465: ...cursor to highlight the cell you want to enter or edit If you start with a blank table you can enter a value in consecutive cells only row 1 row 2 etc You cannot skip cells row 1 row 3 If a cell in c...

Page 466: ...ent variable column 2 Press to move the cursor to the entry line 3 Type a series of values enclosed in braces and separated by commas For example You can also enter a list variable or an expression th...

Page 467: ...ble values entered in the table even those not currently displayed tbl nput is also used for an automatic table but it contains only the independent variable values that are currently displayed Before...

Page 468: ...Tables 468...

Page 469: ...ow matrix vector on the Home screen or as data points in a system data variable that can be opened in the Data Matrix Editor Collecting the Points Collecting the Points Collecting the Points Collectin...

Page 470: ...exists new data is appended to the end of any existing data Existing titles or column headers for the affected columns are cleared titles are replaced with the applicable titles for the new data The...

Page 471: ...reate a function or expression on the Home screen and then decide to graph it You can copy an expression to the Y Editor or graph it directly from the Home screen without using the Y Editor What Is th...

Page 472: ...Home screen Press and select 5 Copy 2 Display the Y Editor highlight the desired function and press 3 Press and select 6 Paste Then press Note Instead of using 5 or 6 to copy and paste use 8 6 or 8 7...

Page 473: ...red to a variable 1 Display the Y Editor highlight the desired function and press 2 Press 2 Type the variable name that contains the expression and press twice Important To recall a function variable...

Page 474: ...ds any functions selected on the Y Editor You can trace zoom or show and edit Graph expressions on the Table screen just the same as Y Editor functions Clearing the Graph Screen Clearing the Graph Scr...

Page 475: ...Functions You can define a user defined function in terms of any independent variable For example and Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function Graphing a Piecewise Defined Function Graphing a Piecewise...

Page 476: ...ing the When Function Using the When Function To define a two piece function use the syntax when condition trueExpression falseExpression For example suppose you want to graph a function with two piec...

Page 477: ...on Using a Multi Statement User Defined Function Using a Multi Statement User Defined Function Using a Multi Statement User Defined Function For three or more pieces you may want to create a multi sta...

Page 478: ...tructures If ElseIf Return etc used in programming When creating the structure of a function it may be helpful to visualize it first in a block form Func and EndFunc must begin and end the function Wh...

Page 479: ...ed function For example use the Program Editor to create a function named f1 xx In the Y Editor set y1 x f1 x Graphing a Family of Curves Graphing a Family of Curves Graphing a Family of Curves Graphi...

Page 480: ...ate them with commas Enter the expression 2 4 6 sin 1 2 3 x and graph the functions Note The commas are shown in the entry line but not in the function list Example Using the Graph Command Example Usi...

Page 481: ...re graphed sequentially Note To set graph formats from the Y Editor Window Editor or Graph screen press 8 When Tracing a Family of Curves When Tracing a Family of Curves When Tracing a Family of Curve...

Page 482: ...reen mode For more information about split screens refer to Split Screens Setting the Mode Setting the Mode Setting the Mode Setting the Mode Several mode settings affect the two graph mode but only t...

Page 483: ...ed Features Independent Graph Related Features Both Graph 1 and Graph 2 have independent Graph modes FUNCTION POLAR etc Other modes such as Angle Display Digits etc are shared and affect both graphs P...

Page 484: ...ayed on both sides of the screen at the same time Non graph related applications Home screen Data Matrix Editor etc are shared and can be displayed on only one side at a time The Y Editor in Two Graph...

Page 485: ...en Using a Split Screen For more complete information about split screens refer to Split Screens To switch from one graph side to the other press 2 a second function of O To display different applicat...

Page 486: ...pendent Remember that the Two Sides Are Independent Remember that the Two Sides Are Independent Remember that the Two Sides Are Independent In two graph mode the two sides may appear to be related whe...

Page 487: ...graph You can also draw the inverse of a function These operations are not available for 3D graphs Drawing a Function Parametric or Polar Equation Drawing a Function Parametric or Polar Equation Drawi...

Page 488: ...m the Graph screen DrawInv expression For example use the graph of y1 x 1x3 2x 6 as shown above 2 On the Graph screen press 2 and select 2 DrawFunc To display the Home screen and put DrawFunc in the e...

Page 489: ...You can draw one or more objects on the Graph screen usually for comparisons For example draw a horizontal line to show that two parts of a graph have the same y value Some objects are not available f...

Page 490: ...You can also enter ClrDraw on the Home screen s entry line You can also do anything that causes the Smart Graph feature to redraw the graph such as change the Window variables or deselect a function o...

Page 491: ...start drawing on a white pixel the pencil draws a black point or line If you start on a black pixel the pencil draws a white point or line which can act as an eraser 1 2 and select 1 Pencil 2 Move th...

Page 492: ...sor to the applicable location Note These techniques also erase parts of graphed functions Drawing a Line Between Two Points Drawing a Line Between Two Points Drawing a Line Between Two Points Drawing...

Page 493: ...s 2 B etc Drawing a Circle Drawing a Circle Drawing a Circle Drawing a Circle From the Graph screen 1 2 and select 4 Circle Note Use 2 to move the cursor in larger increments 2 B etc After drawing the...

Page 494: ...itially displayed on an axis it may be difficult to see However you can easily see the flashing cursor 2 Use the cursor pad to move the line to the appropriate position Then press Note Use 2 to move t...

Page 495: ...e To draw a line through a specified point with a specified slope execute the DrawSlp command from the Home screen or a program Use the syntax DrawSlp x y slope You can also access DrawSlp from the Gr...

Page 496: ...om the Home Screen or a Program From the Home Screen or a Program From the Home Screen or a Program Commands are available for drawing any of the objects described in this section There are also comma...

Page 497: ...of the Whole Graph Screen Saving a Picture of the Whole Graph Screen Saving a Picture of the Whole Graph Screen Saving a Picture of the Whole Graph Screen A picture includes any plotted functions axe...

Page 498: ...box is shown around the outer edge of the screen Note You cannot save a portion of a 3D graph 2 Set the 1st corner of the box by moving its top and left sides Then press Note Use D and C to move the...

Page 499: ...d from a Portion of the Graph Screen For Pictures Saved from a Portion of the Graph Screen For Pictures Saved from a Portion of the Graph Screen When you press and select 1 Open the picture is superim...

Page 500: ...he Technical Reference module To display a series of graph pictures as an animation use the CyclePic command For an example refer to CyclePic Command Animating a Series of Graph Pictures Animating a S...

Page 501: ...cyc generates 10 views of a 3D graph with each view rotated 10 further around the Z axis For information about each command refer to the CyclePic picNameString n wait cycles direction base name of pic...

Page 502: ...Other Graph from Program cyc Prgm local I Set mode and Window variables setMode graph 3d 70 eyef M10 xmin 10 xmax 14 xgrid M10 ymin 10 ymax 14 ygrid M10 zmin 10 zmax 1 zscl Define the function x 3 y...

Page 503: ...set of all elements that define a particular graph By saving a graph database as a GDB variable you can recreate that graph at a later time by opening its stored database variable Elements in a Graph...

Page 504: ...dow Editor Table screen or Graph screen Opening a Graph Database Opening a Graph Database Opening a Graph Database Opening a Graph Database Caution When you open a graph database all information in th...

Page 505: ...ed in Memory and Variable Management From a Program or the Home Screen From a Program or the Home Screen From a Program or the Home Screen From a Program or the Home Screen You can save store and open...

Page 506: ...it screen it remains in effect until you change it Setting the Split Screen Mode Setting the Split Screen Mode Setting the Split Screen Mode Setting the Split Screen Mode 1 Press 3 to display the MODE...

Page 507: ...the split screen is displayed Note In two graph mode described in Additional Graphing Topics the same application can be in both parts of a split screen Before pressing to close the MODE dialog box yo...

Page 508: ...reen Ratio mode settings affect the number of pixels available on the Graph screen Note For a list of drawing commands refer to Drawing on the Graph Screen in Programming Due to the border that indica...

Page 509: ...it Ratio x y x y FULL N A 0 238 0 102 N A N A TOP BOTTOM 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 234 0 234 0 234 0 46 0 26 0 68 0 234 0 234 0 234 0 46 0 68 0 26 LEFT RIGHT 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 116 0 76 0 156 0 98 0 98 0 98 0 116 0 15...

Page 510: ...the Apps desktop press O The split screen status appears at the top of the Apps desktop with the names of the open Apps and the portions of the screen in which each App is displayed Note The Apps desk...

Page 511: ...the bottom portion of the screen The highlighted numeral indicates the active portion of the split screen Left right split screen 1 indicates the application that will appear in the left portion of th...

Page 512: ...n is indicated by a thick border The toolbar and status line which are always the full width of the display are associated with the active application For applications that have an entry line such as...

Page 513: ...same application can be in both parts of a split screen Method 1 1 Use 2 a to switch to the application you want to replace 2 Use O or 8 such as 8 to select the new application Method 2 3 Press 3 and...

Page 514: ...you select a TOP BOTTOM split remember that the entry line and the toolbar are always associated with the active application For example If the Home screen Pressing 2 K Is not already displayed Opens...

Page 515: ...Split Screens 515 Note Both Top Bottom and Left Right splits use the same methods to select an application...

Page 516: ...Variable List Variable List Variable List Variable A list is a series of items numbers expressions or character strings that may or may not be related Each item is called an element In the Data Matri...

Page 517: ...ollection of lists that may or may not be related In the Data Matrix Editor a data variable Although you must use commas to separate elements on the entry line spaces separate the elements in the hist...

Page 518: ...sts Name of data variable to create Names of existing list Although you cannot directly display a data variable on the Home screen you can display a specified column or element Name of data variable C...

Page 519: ...ome screen Note Use brackets to refer to a specific element in a matrix For example enter mat1 2 1 to access the 1st element in the 2nd row Looks similar to a data variable but all columns must have t...

Page 520: ...Creating a New Data Matrix or List Variable Creating a New Data Matrix or List Variable Creating a New Data Matrix or List Variable Creating a New Data Matrix or List Variable 1 Press O and then selec...

Page 521: ...able You can leave the Data Matrix Editor and go to another application at any time To return to the variable that was displayed when you left the Data Matrix Editor launch Data Matrix Editor again an...

Page 522: ...Another Variable Opening Another Variable You can open another variable at any time 1 From the Data Matrix Editor press and select 1 Open or From any application launch Data Matrix Editor again and s...

Page 523: ...Values If you create a new variable the Data Matrix Editor is initially blank for a list or data variable or filled with zeros for a matrix If you open an existing variable the values in that variable...

Page 524: ...ove the cursor to the entry line 3 Type a new value or edit the existing one 4 Press to enter the value into the highlighted cell When you press the cursor automatically moves to highlight the next ce...

Page 525: ...How Rows and Columns Are Filled Automatically How Rows and Columns Are Filled Automatically When you enter a value in a cell the cursor moves to the next cell However you can move the cursor to any c...

Page 526: ...column are handled the same as a list However if you leave a gap between columns that column is blank In a matrix variable when you enter a value in a cell outside the current boundaries additional ro...

Page 527: ...ss 9 or 8 Note Remember to see a number in full precision you can always highlight the cell and look at the entry line 2 With the current Cell Width setting highlighted press B or A to display a menu...

Page 528: ...Expression Defining a Column Header with an Expression For a list variable or a column in a data variable you can enter a function in the column header that automatically generates a list of elements...

Page 529: ...ver if you want to edit the existing definition you must press To view an existing definition press or move the cursor to the header cell and look at the entry line 2 Type the new expression which rep...

Page 530: ...OFF Note For a data variable header definitions are saved when you leave the Data Matrix Editor For a list variable the definitions are not saved only their resulting cell values You can use an expres...

Page 531: ...lumn Using an Existing List as a Column Suppose you have one or more existing lists and you want to use those existing lists as columns in a data variable From the Do this Data Matrix Editor In the ap...

Page 532: ...late Feature The Auto calculate Feature The Auto calculate Feature For list and data variables the Data Matrix Editor has an Auto calculate feature By default Auto calculate ON Therefore if you make a...

Page 533: ...r Header Header When defining a column header you can use the shift and cumSum functions as described below These descriptions differ slightly from the Technical Reference module This section describe...

Page 534: ...a column header with the syntax For example Note To enter cumSum type it select it from the CATALOG or press 2 I and select it from the List submenu c2 shift c1 2 c3 shift c1 M2 Shifted columns have t...

Page 535: ...You can also sort all columns as a whole based on a key column Sorting a Single Column Sorting a Single Column Sorting a Single Column Sorting a Single Column In the Data Matrix Editor 1 Move the curs...

Page 536: ...the relationship between the columns In the Data Matrix Editor When using this procedure for a data variable All columns must have the same length None of the columns can be locked defined by a functi...

Page 537: ...so copy a list to a data variable or you can select a column from a data variable and copy that column to a list Valid Copy Types Valid Copy Types Valid Copy Types Valid Copy Types Note A list is auto...

Page 538: ...when copying from a data variable to a list you must select the column that you want to copy 3 In the dialog box Select the Type and Folder for the copy Type a variable name for the copy When availabl...

Page 539: ...Data Matrix Editor 539...

Page 540: ...he steps used to perform a statistical calculation or graph a statistical plot For detailed descriptions refer to the following pages 1 Set Graph mode 3 to FUNCTION 2 Enter stat data in the Data Matri...

Page 541: ...statistical calculations You can analyze one variable or two variable statistics or perform several types of regression analyses The Calculate Dialog Box The Calculate Dialog Box The Calculate Dialog...

Page 542: ...ample shows all items as active On your calculator items are active only if they are valid for the current settings of Calculation Type and Freq and Categories Note If an item is not valid for the cur...

Page 543: ...store the regression equation so that it will be displayed in the Y Editor Use Freq and Categories Select NO or YES Note that Freq Category and Include Categories are active only when Use Freq and Ca...

Page 544: ...he Calculation Type For example Note Any undefined data points shown as undef are ignored in a stat calculation 4 To close the STAT VARS screen press Redisplaying the STAT VARS Screen Redisplaying the...

Page 545: ...eave and then reopen the Data Matrix Editor with a data variable Change the current folder if the calculation referred to a list variable in the previous folder Statistical Calculation Types Statistic...

Page 546: ...culates the statistical variables TwoVar Two variable statistics Calculates the statistical variables CubicReg Cubic regression Fits the data to the third order polynomial y ax3 bx2 cx d You must have...

Page 547: ...the model y ax b where a is the slope and b is the y intercept using the median median line which is part of the resistant line technique Summary points medx1 medy1 medx2 medy2 medx3 and medy3 are ca...

Page 548: ...do not automatically display the results Use the ShowStat command to show the calculation results Statistical Variables Statistical Variables Statistical Variables Statistical Variables Statistical ca...

Page 549: ...es are stored as system variables However regCoef and regeq are treated as a list and a function variable respectively One Var Two Var Regressions mean of x values sum of x values Gx Gx sum of x2 valu...

Page 550: ...element in the list use an index such as regCoef 1 maximum of x values maxX maxX minimum of y values minY maximum of y values maxY 1st quartile q1 median medStat 3rd quartile q3 regression equation re...

Page 551: ...up to nine plots at a time Procedure Procedure Procedure Procedure From the Data Matrix Editor 1 Press to display the Plot Setup screen Initially none of the plots are defined 2 Move the cursor to hig...

Page 552: ...idth of each bar in a histogram Freq and Categories Select NO or YES Note that Freq Category and Include Categories are active only when Freq and Categories YES Freq is active only for Plot Type Box P...

Page 553: ...ut box press twice Note Any undefined data points shown as undef are ignored in a stat plot Selecting or Deselecting a Plot Selecting or Deselecting a Plot Selecting or Deselecting a Plot Selecting or...

Page 554: ...ion From Plot Setup highlight the plot and press To redefine an existing plot you do not necessarily need to clear it first you can make changes to the existing definition To prevent a plot from graph...

Page 555: ...the same length Xyline Xyline Xyline Xyline Plotted points are shown with the symbol that you select as the Mark If necessary you can specify the same column or list for both x and y This is a scatter...

Page 556: ...to show statistical data as a modified box plot Select Mod Box Plot as the Plot Type when you define a plot in the Data Matrix Editor A modified box plot excludes points outside the interval Q1NX Q3 X...

Page 557: ...e ZoomData 9 from the Graph screen Y Editor or Window Editor adjusts xmin and xmax to include all data points but it does not adjust the y axis Use 8 to set ymin 0 and ymax the number of data points e...

Page 558: ...sing the Y Editor with Stat Plots The previous sections described how to define and select stat plots from the Data Matrix Editor You can also define and select stat plots from the Y Editor When you t...

Page 559: ...nctions However the PLOTS indicator provides some information To see the list of stat plots use C to scroll above the y x functions From the Y Editor you can perform most of the same operations on a s...

Page 560: ...he same time Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot Graphing and Tracing a Defined Stat Plot After entering the data...

Page 561: ...display the Window Editor You can either Enter appropriate values or Select 9 ZoomData from the Zoom toolbar menu Although you can use any zoom ZoomData is optimized for st plots Note Zoom is availab...

Page 562: ...played the Graph screen does not automatically pan if you trace off the left or right side of the screen However you can still press to center the screen on the trace cursor Press 9 or 8 from the Y Ed...

Page 563: ...Category values let you analyze a subset of the data points Example of a Frequency Column Example of a Frequency Column Example of a Frequency Column Example of a Frequency Column In a data variable y...

Page 564: ...lue of 0 effectively removes the data point from analysis To use frequency values specify the frequency column when you perform a statistical calculation or define a stat plot For example Test scores...

Page 565: ...at has 10th and 11th grade students You want to analyze the scores for the whole class but you also want to analyze categories such as 10th grade girls 10th grade boys 10th grade girls and boys etc Fi...

Page 566: ...category values in two columns To use category values specify the category column and the category values to include in the analysis when you perform a statistical calculation or define a stat plot T...

Page 567: ...analyze Include Categories 10th grade girls 1 10th grade boys 2 10th grade girls and boys 1 2 11th grade girls 3 11th grade boys 4 11th grade girls and boys 3 4 all girls 10th and 11th 1 3 all boys 1...

Page 568: ...in the CBL 2 unit itself You must then retrieve the data transfer it to the TI 89 Titanium by using the Get command which is described in the Technical Reference module Although each set of retrieved...

Page 569: ...CBL 2 Lists When you perform a statistical calculation or define a plot you can refer explicitly to the CBL 2 list variables For example Creating a Data Variable with the CBL 2 Lists Creating a Data...

Page 570: ...efer to the Data Matrix Editor module At this point the columns are linked to the CBL 2 lists If the lists are changed the columns will be updated automatically However if the lists are deleted the da...

Page 571: ...s 571 CBR CBR CBR CBR You can also use the Calculator Based Ranger CBR to explore the mathematical and scientific relationships between distance velocity acceleration and time using data collected fro...

Page 572: ...f any is displayed on the Program I O screen in a dialog box or on the Graph screen Running a Program Running a Program Running a Program Running a Program On the Home screen 1 Type the name of the pr...

Page 573: ...occurs press N You can then correct any problems and run the program again Note The TI 89 Titanium also checks for run time errors that are found within the program itself Breaking a Program Breaking...

Page 574: ...ation Graph related commands typically use the Graph screen After the program stops the TI 89 Titanium shows the last screen that was displayed The Program I O Screen The Program I O Screen The Progra...

Page 575: ...nnot perform calculations on this screen Note If Home screen calculations don t work after you run a program you may be on the Program I O screen Leaving the Program I O Screen Leaving the Program I O...

Page 576: ...unction or start a new program or function Starting a New Program or Function Starting a New Program or Function Starting a New Program or Function Starting a New Program or Function 1 Press O and the...

Page 577: ...m Resuming the Current Program Resuming the Current Program Resuming the Current Program You can leave the Program Editor and go to another application at any time To return to the program or function...

Page 578: ...gram Opening a Previous Program Opening a Previous Program You can open a previously created program or function at any time 1 From within the Program Editor press and select 1 Open or From another ap...

Page 579: ...Editor sessions are saved automatically you can accumulate quite a few previous programs and functions which take up memory storage space To delete programs and functions use the VAR LINK screen 2 Fo...

Page 580: ...tering and Editing Text in the Text Editor module After typing each program line press This inserts a new blank line and lets you continue entering another line A program line can be longer than one l...

Page 581: ...rmation that is useful to someone reading the program code To enter the comment symbol press 8 d or Press and select 9 Controlling the Flow of a Program Controlling the Flow of a Program Controlling t...

Page 582: ...results are not displayed unless you use an output command This is an important difference between performing a calculation on the Home screen and in a program For more complex programs that use If En...

Page 583: ...n refer to these variables Note A list of input commands is available Displaying a calculation result does not store that result If you need to refer to a result later store it to a variable cos p 4 m...

Page 584: ...ite the program in the Program Editor Note In this example you cannot use circle as the program name because it conflicts with a command name Before drawing the circle the program turns off any select...

Page 585: ...and instructions that you typically use from the Home screen Why Create a User Defined Function Why Create a User Defined Function Why Create a User Defined Function Why Create a User Defined Functio...

Page 586: ...te You can create a function from the Home screen but the Program Editor is more convenient for complex multi line functions Differences Between Functions and Programs Differences Between Functions an...

Page 587: ...ction Cannot call a program as a subroutine but it can call another user defined function Cannot define a program Cannot define a global function but it can define a local function Note Information ab...

Page 588: ...om a Function How to Return a Value from a Function There are two ways to return a value from a function As the last line in the function before EndFunc calculate the value to be returned cube x Func...

Page 589: ...There is an implied Return at the end of the function If the last line is not an expression an error occurs Example of a Function Example of a Function Example of a Function Example of a Function The...

Page 590: ...ng One Program from Another One program can call another program as a subroutine The subroutine can be external a separate program or internal included in the main program Subroutines are useful when...

Page 591: ...n Internal Subroutine Calling an Internal Subroutine Calling an Internal Subroutine Calling an Internal Subroutine To define an internal subroutine use the Define command with Prgm EndPrgm Because a s...

Page 592: ...about Using Subroutines Notes about Using Subroutines Notes about Using Subroutines At the end of a subroutine execution returns to the calling program To exit a subroutine at any other time use the...

Page 593: ...the scope of the variables affects how they are stored and accessed Scope of Variables Scope of Variables Scope of Variables Scope of Variables Scope Description System Global Variables Variables with...

Page 594: ...ame For example 5 class start class Variable name start Folder Name After the program stops any folder variables created by the program still exist and still take up memory Local Variables Temporary v...

Page 595: ...r defined function or running a program you can specify an argument that includes the same variable that was used to define the function or create the program However to avoid Circular definition erro...

Page 596: ...tor etc CopyVar Copies the contents of a variable Define Defines a program subroutine or function variable within a program DelFold Deletes a folder All variables in that folder must be deleted first...

Page 597: ...while a user defined function is being evaluated or a user defined program is running Lock Locks a variable so that it cannot be accidentally changed or deleted without first being unlocked MoveVar M...

Page 598: ...automatically when the program stops so that it does not use up memory What Causes an Undefined Variable Error Message What Causes an Undefined Variable Error Message What Causes an Undefined Variable...

Page 599: ...ialize Local Variables You Must Initialize Local Variables You Must Initialize Local Variables All local variables must be assigned an initial value before they are referenced 1 is stored as the initi...

Page 600: ...side of the program The following methods can help Refer to a global variable name typically with two or more characters that is not likely to exist outside of the function or program Include DelVar w...

Page 601: ...cally store user input as a string and do not require the user to enter quotation marks A string cannot be evaluated mathematically even if it appears to be a numeric expression For example the string...

Page 602: ...the string command Important Some user input commands store the entered value as a string Before you can perform a mathematical operation on that value you must convert it to a numeric expression for...

Page 603: ...uch as While EndWhile described later in this module right Returns a specified number of characters from the right side end of a string rotate Rotates the characters in a string The default is L1 rota...

Page 604: ...nditional test that compares two values The values can be numbers expressions lists or matrices but they must match in type and dimension Press 2 I and select 8 Test Then select the operator from the...

Page 605: ...tion The Not Function The Not Function The not function changes the result of a test from true to false and vice versa For example Note If you use not from the Home screen it is shown as in the histor...

Page 606: ...also be used to branch or jump from one place to another in a program F2 Control Toolbar Menu F2 Control Toolbar Menu F2 Control Toolbar Menu F2 Control Toolbar Menu To enter If EndIf structures use...

Page 607: ...e to x before executing the If command Note Use indentation to make your programs easier to read and understand If Then EndIf Structures If Then EndIf Structures If Then EndIf Structures If Then EndIf...

Page 608: ...d only if x 5 Executed only if x 5 Displays value of 2x if x 5 5x if x 5 If Then ElseIf EndIf Structures If Then ElseIf EndIf Structures If Then ElseIf EndIf Structures If Then ElseIf EndIf Structures...

Page 609: ...your program by using Lbl label and Goto commands Use the Lbl command to label assign a name to a particular location in the program You can then use the Goto command at any point in the program to br...

Page 610: ...Group of Commands Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands Using Loops to Repeat a Group of Commands To repeat the same group of commands successively use a...

Page 611: ...ated The syntax of the For command is Note The ending value can be less than the beginning value but the increment must be negative When you select a loop the loop command and its corresponding End co...

Page 612: ...o that the program can exit the loop after a certain number of repetitions At the end of the loop EndFor program control jumps back to the For command where variable is incremented and compared to end...

Page 613: ...he condition You must include commands that allow the program to exit the loop At the end of the loop EndWhile program control jumps back to the While command where condition is re evaluated To execut...

Page 614: ...When x increments to 5 the loop is not executed Loop EndLoop Loops Loop EndLoop Loops Loop EndLoop Loops Loop EndLoop Loops A Loop EndLoop creates an infinite loop which is repeated endlessly The Loop...

Page 615: ...e The Exit command exits from the current loop In this example the If command can be anywhere in the loop The If command could also use a Goto command to transfer program control to a specified Lbl la...

Page 616: ...oops Although the Lbl label and Goto commands are not strictly loop commands they can be used to create an infinite loop For example As with Loop EndLoop the loop should contain commands that let the...

Page 617: ...de Command In the Program Editor Command Description getConfg Returns a list of calculator characteristics getFold Returns the name of the current folder getMode Returns the current setting for a spec...

Page 618: ...program or stored to variables in advance a program can prompt the user to enter information while the program is running Likewise a program can display information such as the result of a calculation...

Page 619: ...meric expression is treated as an expression An expression enclosed in quotes is treated as a string Input can also display the Graph screen and let the user update the variables xc and yc rc and qc i...

Page 620: ...n also display the current contents of the Program I O screen without displaying additional information DispG Displays the current contents of the Graph screen DispHome Displays the current contents o...

Page 621: ...escription Dialog EndDlog Defines a program block consisting of Title Request etc commands that displays a dialog box Toolbar EndTbar Defines a program block consisting of Title Item etc commands that...

Page 622: ...a Custom Menu The custom menu feature lets you create your own toolbar menu A custom menu can contain any available function instruction or set of characters The calculator has a default custom menu...

Page 623: ...s the normal toolbar menu Unless a different custom menu has been created the default custom menu is displayed To Do this Turn on the custom menu From the Home screen or any other application Press 2...

Page 624: ...ed by that Item command is pasted to the current cursor location For example Custom Title Vars Item L1 Item M1 Item Prgm1 Item Func1 Item Data1 Item Text1 Item Pic1 Item GDB1 Item Str1 Title f x Item...

Page 625: ...em c Item u Title Tools Item ClrHome Item NewProb Item CustmOff EndCustm CustmOn Note The following may be slightly different than the default custom menu on your calculator Note See how _ o C and _ o...

Page 626: ...ed Restoring the Default Custom Menu Restoring the Default Custom Menu Restoring the Default Custom Menu Restoring the Default Custom Menu To restore the default 1 From the Home screen s normal menu n...

Page 627: ...ys the current contents of the Table screen setTable Sets the Graph Table or Independent table parameters To set the other two table parameters you can store the applicable values to the tblStart and...

Page 628: ...t Creates a new stat plot definition PlotsOff Deselects all or only specified stat data plots PlotsOn Selects all or only specified stat data plots setGraph Changes settings for the various graph form...

Page 629: ...of two coordinate systems to specify a location on the screen CyclePic Animates a series of stored graph pictures NewPic Creates a graph picture variable based on a matrix RclGDB Restores all settings...

Page 630: ...ormation about pixel coordinates in split screens refer to the Data Matrix Editor module Many drawing commands have two forms one for pixel coordinates and one for point coordinates Note Pixel command...

Page 631: ...el at the specified coordinates PtOff which uses point coordinates affects the pixel closest to the specified point PtOn or PxlOn Turns on displays a pixel at the specified coordinates PtOn which uses...

Page 632: ...not the expression LineVert or PxlVert Draws erases or inverts a vertical line at a specified column coordinate Command Description DrawFunc Draws a specified expression DrawInv Draws the inverse of a...

Page 633: ...ribed in the Connectivity module programs on both units can transmit variables between them If you link a TI 89 Titanium to a Calculator Based Laboratory CBL 2 or a Calculator Based Ranger CBR a progr...

Page 634: ...Accessing a CBL 2 or CBR For additional information refer to the manual that comes with the CBL 2 or CBR unit Command Description GetCalc Executed on the receiving unit Sets up the unit to receive a...

Page 635: ...rs The first step in debugging your program is to run it The graphing calculator automatically checks each executed command for syntax errors If there is an error a message indicates the nature of the...

Page 636: ...nc to Prgm and EndPrgm Use Disp and Pause to debug the program Then remove Disp and Pause and change the program back into a function To confirm that a loop is executed the correct number of times dis...

Page 637: ...result This section gives several approaches that you can use to achieve the same goal Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 Example 1 This example uses InputStr for input a While EndWhile loop to calculate...

Page 638: ...Lbl and Goto to create a loop and Disp to display the result Prompts for input on Program I O screen Loop calculation Displays output on Program I O screen Note Because Prompt returns n as a number y...

Page 639: ...op to calculate the result Defines a dialog box for input Converts string entered with Request to an expression Loop calculation Defines a dialog box for output prog3 Prgm Dialog Title Enter an intege...

Page 640: ...turns n as a number you do not need to use expr to convert n prog4 Prgm Input Enter an integer n sum seq i i 1 n temp Disp temp EndPrgm Function Used in this example to seq Generate the sequence of in...

Page 641: ...t education ti com The programs available from this site provide additional functions or features that are not built into the TI 89 Titanium Check the Texas Instruments web site for up to date informa...

Page 642: ...more arguments type them within the Refer to the program s documentation to find out about required arguments If the program is not in the current folder be sure to specify the pathname You can call a...

Page 643: ...ssembly Language Program You cannot use your TI 89 Titanium to edit an assembly language program The built in Program Editor will not open assembly language programs Displaying a List of Assembly Lang...

Page 644: ...tion about how to access TI 89 Titanium features The graphing calculator also includes an Exec command that executes a string consisting of a series of Motorola 68000 op codes These codes act as anoth...

Page 645: ...n Starting a New Session Starting a New Session Starting a New Session Starting a New Session 1 Press O and then select the Text Editor icon Press 2 Select 3 New The NEW dialog box is displayed 3 Spec...

Page 646: ...nt Session Resuming the Current Session Resuming the Current Session Resuming the Current Session You can leave the Text Editor and go to another application at any time To return to the session that...

Page 647: ...ious Session You can open a previous Text Editor session at any time 1 From within the Text Editor press and select 1 Open or From any application launch Text Editor again and select 2 Open Note By de...

Page 648: ...sion Note about Deleting a Session Because all Text Editor sessions are saved automatically you can accumulate quite a few previous sessions which take up memory storage space To delete a session use...

Page 649: ...een previous lines scroll off the top of the screen Using a USB cable and TI Connect software with the TI 89 Titanium you can use the computer keyboard to type a text file and then send that file to t...

Page 650: ...or uppercase ALPHA lock for X Y Z or T On the TI 89 Titanium alpha lock is always turned off when you change applications such as going from the Text Editor to the Home screen To Press Type a single l...

Page 651: ...he character alpha lock remains on Deleting Characters Deleting Characters Deleting Characters Deleting Characters Note If there are no characters to the right of the cursor M erases the entire paragr...

Page 652: ...Replacing or Deleting Highlighted Text Replacing or Deleting Highlighted Text To Do this Highlight text Move the cursor to the beginning or end of the text Hold and press A or B to highlight characte...

Page 653: ...o the location where you want to insert the text 5 Press and then select 6 Paste You can use this general procedure to cut copy and paste text Within the same text session From one text session to ano...

Page 654: ...searches start at the current cursor location 2 Press 3 Type the search text The search is not case sensitive For example CASE case and Case have the same effect Note The FIND dialog box retains the l...

Page 655: ...ting paragraphs and display an empty text screen press and then select 8 Clear Editor Entering Special Characters Entering Special Characters Entering Special Characters Entering Special Characters Yo...

Page 656: ...e keyboard map does not display all available shortcuts Refer to the inside front and the inside back covers of this guidebook for a complete list of shortcut keys To access the shortcuts first press...

Page 657: ...in this section SYSDATA b Copies the current graph coordinates to the system variable sysdata FMT Displays the FORMATS dialog box KBDPRGM1 6 1 through 6 If you have user defined or assembly language p...

Page 658: ...ow only the special symbols On the TI 89 Titanium f Press and then the key for the symbol For example p times displays These special symbols are not affected by whether Alpha Lock is on or off Typing...

Page 659: ...for that key Your calculator does not display a map of Greek letters the map shown here is for reference only Several keys let you access lowercase and uppercase Greek letters For example On the TI 8...

Page 660: ...ist of All Special Characters For a List of All Special Characters For a List of All Special Characters For a List of All Special Characters For a list of all special characters refer to the Technical...

Page 661: ...you create interactive example scripts in which you predefine a series of commands and then execute them individually Inserting a Command Mark Inserting a Command Mark Inserting a Command Mark Insert...

Page 662: ...ked line 2 Press and select 4 Clear command Executing a Command Executing a Command Executing a Command Executing a Command To execute a command you must first mark the line with a C If you execute a...

Page 663: ...ext Editor Home Screen Splitting the Text Editor Home Screen Splitting the Text Editor Home Screen With a split screen you can view your command script and see the result of an executed command at the...

Page 664: ...m Your Home Screen Entries From the Home screen you can save all the entries in the history area to a text variable The entries are automatically saved in a script format so that you can open the text...

Page 665: ...o execute the command Note Some commands take longer to execute Wait until the Busy indicator disappears before pressing again 4 Continue using to execute each command but stop just before executing t...

Page 666: ...y entering the equation that you want to solve Displaying the Numeric Solver Displaying the Numeric Solver Displaying the Numeric Solver Displaying the Numeric Solver Entering an Equation Entering an...

Page 667: ...Solver you then would enter y1 x 0 or y1 t 0 etc Type an expression without an sign Note When you define the variables you can either define exp or solve for it e fNln g After you press the expression...

Page 668: ...ns 1 From the Numeric Solver screen press A dialog box displays the most recently entered equation 2 Select an equation To select the displayed equation press To select a different equation press B to...

Page 669: ...uation variable has an EXPR data type as shown on the MEMORY and VAR LINK screens Opening a Saved Equation Opening a Saved Equation Opening a Saved Equation Opening a Saved Equation To store the curre...

Page 670: ...iables Defining the List of Variables 2 Select the applicable folder and equation variable 3 Press After typing your equation on the eqn line press or D The screen lists the variables in the order the...

Page 671: ...ue it cannot be undefined As an expression it is evaluated when you move the cursor off the line The expression must evaluate to a real number If the equation contains a variable already defined in te...

Page 672: ...not listed The solver uses the system variable s existing value Note You cannot solve for a system variable other than exp Also if the equation contains a system variable you cannot use to graph Altho...

Page 673: ...ifying an Initial Guess and or Bounds Optional To find a solution more quickly or to find a particular solution if multiple solutions exist you can optionally If you see the error shown to the right d...

Page 674: ...e Solving for the Unknown Variable Solving for the Unknown Variable Solving for the Unknown Variable After you type an equation in the Numeric Solver and enter values for the known variables you are r...

Page 675: ...error occurs Graphing the Solution Graphing the Solution Graphing the Solution Graphing the Solution You can graph an equation s solutions any time after defining the known variables either before or...

Page 676: ...ect 1 Graph View or 3 ZoomStd or 4 ZoomFit The graph is shown in a split screen where The unknown variable is plotted on the x axis leftNrt is plotted on the y axis Solutions for the equation exist at...

Page 677: ...to these settings Note If you were previously using different mode settings you will need to reselect those settings manually All stat plots are deselected After you leave the Numeric Solver the Graph...

Page 678: ...rning to a Full Screen Returning to a Full Screen From the split screen To display the Numeric Solver full screen use 2 a to make the solver screen active press and then select 2 Clear Graph View or T...

Page 679: ...ts variables still exist after you leave the Numeric Solver If the equation contains single character variables their values may inadvertently affect later symbolic calculations Before leaving the Num...

Page 680: ...a Binary or Hexadecimal Number To enter a binary number use the form To enter a hexadecimal number use the form Note You can type the b or h in the prefix as well as hex characters A F in uppercase o...

Page 681: ...in integerExpression 4 Dec integerExpression 4 Hex For 4 press 2 4 Also you can select base conversions from the MATH Base menu For example to convert 256 from decimal to binary 256 4 Bin Note If your...

Page 682: ...rding to the Base mode However results are restricted to certain size limits when Base HEX or BIN Setting the Base Mode for Displayed Results Setting the Base Mode for Displayed Results Setting the Ba...

Page 683: ...st always use the 0h or 0b prefix to enter a hex or binary number Fractional and floating point results are always shown in decimal form When Base HEX or BIN a division result is displayed in hexadeci...

Page 684: ...mple 0h80000000 through 0hFFFFFFFF become negative numbers Comparing or Manipulating Bits Comparing or Manipulating Bits Comparing or Manipulating Bits Comparing or Manipulating Bits The following ope...

Page 685: ...mparison the result is 1 if either bit is 1 the result is 0 only if both bits are 0 The returned value represents the bit results integer1 xor integer2 In a bit by bit xor comparison the result is 1 i...

Page 686: ...ith syntax Description rotate integer or rotate integer ofRotations If ofRotations is omitted bits rotate once to the right default is L1 negative bits rotate the specified number of times to the righ...

Page 687: ...of times to the left In a right shift the rightmost bit is dropped and 0 or 1 is inserted to match the leftmost bit In a left shift the leftmost bit is dropped and 0 is inserted as the rightmost bit...

Page 688: ...e stored in a signed 32 bit binary form a symmetric modulo operation brings the value into the range 7AC36 0b00000000000001111010110000110110 Inserts 0 if leftmost bit is 0 or 1 if leftmost bit is 1 D...

Page 689: ...eset the memory Displaying the MEMORY Screen Displaying the MEMORY Screen Displaying the MEMORY Screen Displaying the MEMORY Screen Press 2 The numbers on your MEMORY screen may vary from those shown...

Page 690: ...Select the applicable item Item Description RAM 1 All RAM Resetting RAM erases all data and programs from RAM 2 Default Resets all system variables and modes to their original factory settings This do...

Page 691: ...manipulate the variables and or folders Displaying the VAR LINK Screen Displaying the VAR LINK Screen Displaying the VAR LINK Screen Displaying the VAR LINK Screen Press 2 By default the VAR LINK scre...

Page 692: ...mes that start with that letter the cursor moves to highlight the first of those variable names Note Type a letter repeatedly to cycle through the names that start with that letter 6 Expanded folder v...

Page 693: ...the VAR LINK Screen Closing the VAR LINK Screen Closing the VAR LINK Screen To close the VAR LINK screen and return to the current application use or N as described below Type Description ASM Assembl...

Page 694: ...if a variable is archived use the IsArchiv function IsArchiv var_name To determine if a variable is locked use the IsLocked function IsLocked var_name Manipulating Variables and Folders with VAR LINK...

Page 695: ...You cannot edit the contents from this screen Selecting Items from the List Selecting Items from the List Selecting Items from the List Selecting Items from the List For other operations select one o...

Page 696: ...the current folder all variables are stored in the MAIN folder by default A system variable or a variable with a reserved name can be stored in the MAIN folder only All folders and all variables Pres...

Page 697: ...defined variable in any existing folder The user defined variables in one folder are independent of the variables in any other folder Therefore folders can store separate sets of variables with the s...

Page 698: ...ting a Folder from the VAR LINK Screen 1 Press 2 3 Type a unique folder name up to eight characters and press twice After you create a new folder from VAR LINK that folder is not automatically set as...

Page 699: ...ox Setting the Current Folder from the MODE Dialog Box Setting the Current Folder from the MODE Dialog Box Setting the Current Folder from the MODE Dialog Box 1 Press 3 4 Select the applicable folder...

Page 700: ...d or folders 2 Press Manage and select 3 Rename Using Variables in Different Folders Using Variables in Different Folders Using Variables in Different Folders Using Variables in Different Folders You...

Page 701: ...pecified Folder and or Variable Type or Flash Listing Only a Specified Folder and or Variable Type or Flash Listing Only a Specified Folder and or Variable Type or Flash Listing Only a Specified Folde...

Page 702: ...ighlight the setting you want to change and press B This displays a menu of valid choices To cancel a menu press N View Allows you to choose variables Flash applications or system variables to view No...

Page 703: ...erent name in the same folder use 9 such as a1 a2 or the CopyVar command from the Home screen Locking or Unlocking Variables Folders or Flash Applications Locking or Unlocking Variables Folders or Fla...

Page 704: ...Screen When you delete a folder from the VAR LINK screen all of the variables in that folder are also deleted You cannot delete the MAIN folder indicates a locked variable or folder in RAM indicates...

Page 705: ...letes all variables of the specified type in all folders To delete an empty folder enter the DelFold command on the calculator Home screen DelFold folder1 folder2 folder3 Note You cannot delete the MA...

Page 706: ...cursor location in many Flash applications Procedure Procedure Procedure Procedure Starting from an application listed above 1 Position the cursor where you want to insert the variable name 2 Press 2...

Page 707: ...ld You Want to Archive a Variable The user data archive lets you Store data programs or any other variables to a safe location where they cannot be edited or deleted inadvertently Create additional fr...

Page 708: ...er name Note To select a single variable highlight it To select multiple variables highlight each variable and press You can access an archived variable just as you would any locked variable For all p...

Page 709: ...This occurs if you try to archive a variable when there is not enough free archive memory However the TI 89 Titanium will attempt to rearrange the archived variables to make additional room Respondin...

Page 710: ...Cancel the archive and investigate the reason Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary The user d...

Page 711: ...than any empty block How Unarchiving a Variable Affects the Process How Unarchiving a Variable Affects the Process How Unarchiving a Variable Affects the Process How Unarchiving a Variable Affects th...

Page 712: ...n if the MEMORY screen shows enough free space to archive a variable you may still get a Garbage Collection message This TI 89 Titanium memory screen shows free space that will be available after all...

Page 713: ...riable An archived variable is treated the same as a locked variable You can access the variable but you cannot edit or delete it In some cases however you may get a Memory Error when you try to acces...

Page 714: ...run a program that is in the user data archive the TI 89 Titanium 1 Copies the program to RAM 2 Runs the program 3 Deletes the copy from RAM when the program is finished The error message is displaye...

Page 715: ...Free up the needed amount of memory by Deleting unnecessary variables from RAM Archiving large variables or programs moving them from RAM to the user data archive Note Typically the RAM free size must...

Page 716: ...can connect TI graphing calculators with either type of link port However using the I O port requires the I O unit to unit cable sold separately or the USB Silver Edition cable also sold separately wh...

Page 717: ...onnectivity 717 Two TI 89 Titanium calculators linked together Position so that the USB symbols face each other then insert the connector USB Port USB unit to unit cable USB Port USB unit to unit cabl...

Page 718: ...Connectivity 718 A TI 89 Titanium and a Voyage 200 linked together I O Port I O Port I O unit to unit cable...

Page 719: ...and Transmitting Variables Flash Applications and Transmitting Variables Flash Applications and Folders Folders Folders Folders Transmitting variables is a convenient way to share any variable listed...

Page 720: ...a TI 89 1 Connect two graphing calculators using the appropriate cable 2 On the sending unit press 2 to display the VAR LINK screen 3 On the sending unit select the variables folders or Flash applicat...

Page 721: ...not automatically become expanded To select multiple variables Flash applications or folders highlight each one and press to place a checkmark beside it Use again to deselect any that you do not want...

Page 722: ...or Folders Rules for Transmitting Variables Flash Applications or Folders Rules for Transmitting Variables Flash Applications or Folders Rules for Transmitting Variables Flash Applications or Folders...

Page 723: ...itted to the current folder and it remains locked on the receiving unit Archived variable The variable is transmitted to the current folder and it remains archived on the receiving unit Unlocked Flash...

Page 724: ...nd Notification Messages 1 Press An error message is displayed 2 Press N or Shown on Message and Description Sending unit This is displayed after several seconds if A cable is not attached to the send...

Page 725: ...eing sent To overwrite the existing variable press By default Overwrite YES To store the variable to a different name set Overwrite NO In the New Name input box type a variable name that does not exis...

Page 726: ...nts Collapsed folders become expanded when selected If selecting a Flash App from the F7 tab this selects the App folder and its contents A checkmark appears beside the folder but not beside the conte...

Page 727: ...Texas Instruments Web site at education ti com You can download a Flash application and or certificate from the Texas Instruments Web site to a computer and use a TI Connectivity Cable USB to install...

Page 728: ...lude these parameters the TI 89 Titanium communicates through the USB port The Chat Program The Chat Program The Chat Program The Chat Program The following program uses GetCalc and SendCalc The progr...

Page 729: ...user enter a message in msg and send it Then sets up this unit to receive and display msg Loop executed by the unit that sends the first message Chat Prgm ClrIO Disp On first unit to send enter 1 On f...

Page 730: ...program is loaded on both devices Use each device s Program Editor to enter the program or Enter the program on one device and then use VAR LINK to transmit the program variable to the other device To...

Page 731: ...riginal factory settings This means that all user defined variables in both RAM and the user data archive functions programs lists and folders except the Main folder will be deleted It is possible tha...

Page 732: ...ading Backing Up Your Unit Before an Operating System Installation Backing Up Your Unit Before an Operating System Installation Backing Up Your Unit Before an Operating System Installation Backing Up...

Page 733: ...mputer and use a USB computer cable to install the OS or application on your TI 89 Titanium For complete information refer to the instructions on the web Transferring the Operating System Transferring...

Page 734: ...n During the transfer the receiving unit shows how the transfer is progressing When the transfer is complete The sending unit returns to the VAR LINK screen The receiving unit returns to either the Ap...

Page 735: ...essages Error Messages Error Messages Most error messages are displayed on the sending unit Depending on when the error occurs during the transfer process you may see an error message on the receiving...

Page 736: ...s After the IDs are collected transmit them to Texas Instruments so a group certificate can be issued A group certificate allows distribution of purchased software to multiple TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Voy...

Page 737: ...the Home screen Press 2 Sending unit a Press 2 to display the VAR LINK screen b Press Link and select 6 Send ID List The sending unit adds a copy of its unique ID number to the collection unit s ID l...

Page 738: ...an then use the collection device to upload the list to other computers To clear the ID list from the collection unit 1 Press 2 to display the VAR LINK screen Compatibility among the TI 89 Titanium Co...

Page 739: ...more memory and thus more room for applications Apps All data is compatible among the TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Voyage 200 and TI 92 Plus but some programs written for one may not run or may not run the s...

Page 740: ...le To From TI 89 Titanium TI 89 Voyage 2 00 TI 92 Plus TI 89 Titanium OS Apps Variables Apps Variables Variables Variables TI 89 Apps Variables OS Apps Variables Variables Variables Voyage 2 00 Variab...

Page 741: ...the corner without tilting the pole Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway Maximum Length of Pole in Hallway The maximum length of a pol...

Page 742: ...e When you want to define a function use multiple character names as you build the definition 2 Define the expression for side b in terms of w and store it in b w 3 Define the expression for side c in...

Page 743: ...to compute the zeros of the first derivative of c w to find the minimum value of c w Note The maximum length of the pole is the minimum value of c w 5 Compute the exact maximum length of the pole Ente...

Page 744: ...e Quadratic Formula Perform the following steps to derive the quadratic formula by completing the square of the generalized quadratic equation 1 Clear all one character variables in the current folder...

Page 745: ...nue to use the last answer 2 as in step 3 in steps 4 through 9 5 Use the expand function to expand the result of the last answer 6 Complete the square by adding b a 2 2 to both sides of the equation 7...

Page 746: ...s you how to perform several matrix operations 9 Take the square root of both sides of the equation with the constraint that a 0 and b 0 and x 0 10 Solve for x by subtracting b from both sides and the...

Page 747: ...o set the random number generator seed to the factory default and then use randMat to create a random 3x3 matrix and store it in a 2 Replace the 2 3 element of the matrix with the variable x and then...

Page 748: ...h Plot Method 1 Graph Plot Perform the following steps to observe where the graphs of the functions y1 x cos x and y2 x sin x intersect 4 Solve for the value of x that will cause the inverse of the ma...

Page 749: ...pond to the screen prompts to select the two curves and the lower and upper bounds for intersection A 5 Note the x and y coordinates Repeat steps 4 and 5 to find the other intersections 1 On the Home...

Page 750: ...ce Area of a Parallelepiped Exploring a 3D Graph of the Surface Area of a Parallelepiped Exploring a 3D Graph of the Surface Area of a Parallelepiped Exploring a 3D Graph of the Surface Area of a Para...

Page 751: ...olve the problem analytically on the Home screen 2 Select the 3D Graph mode Then enter the function for z1 x y as shown in this example with volume v 300 3 Set the Window variables to eye 60 90 0 x 0...

Page 752: ...nning a Tutorial Script Running a Tutorial Script Perform the following steps to write a script using the Text Editor test each line and observe the results in the history area on the Home screen Note...

Page 753: ...ble on a b define f x x 3N2x 2 xN7 1 a 3 22 b d f x x df x zeros df x x f ans 1 f a b The largest number from the previous two commands is the maximum value of the function The smallest number is the...

Page 754: ...quotient and remainder Detailed information about the steps used in this example can be found in Basic Function Graphing and Symbolic Manipulation 4 Press repeatedly to execute each line in the script...

Page 755: ...on f x Enter x 3N10x 2Nx 50 xN2 f x Note Actual entries are displayed in reverse type in the example screens 2 Use the proper fraction function propFrac to split the function into a quotient and remai...

Page 756: ...ick graphing style for y2 x 6 Add the original function f x to y3 x and select the square graphing style 7 In the Window Editor set the window variables to x L10 15 10 y L100 100 10 8 Draw the graph N...

Page 757: ...positive and negative directions Studying Statistics Filtering Data by Categories Studying Statistics Filtering Data by Categories Studying Statistics Filtering Data by Categories Studying Statistics...

Page 758: ...in the Data Matrix Editor Table 1 Category vs Description Category C2 Academic Year and Sex 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Freshman boys Freshman girls Sophomore boys Sophomore girls Junior boys Junior girls Senior...

Page 759: ...atrix Editor and create a new Data variable named students 2 Enter the data and categories from Table 2 into columns c1 and c2 respectively 3 Open the Plot Setup toolbar menu Note Set up several box p...

Page 760: ...the Include Categories item for Plot 2 through Plot 5 to the following Plot 2 1 2 freshman boys girls Plot 3 7 8 senior boys girls Plot 4 1 3 5 7 all boys Plot 5 2 4 6 8 all girls 8 In the Y Editor de...

Page 761: ...ooling experiment You can use your computer keyboard to type lengthy text and then use TI Connect software to send it to the calculator More CBL 2 programs are available from the TI Web site at educat...

Page 762: ...in 99 xmax 10 xscl Set up the Window variables L20 ymin 100 ymax 10 yscl 0 data Create and or clear a list named data 0 time Create and or clear a list named time Send 1 0 Send a command to clear the...

Page 763: ...metric graph and a table at the same time to study the flight of a hit baseball Send 3 1 L1 0 Send the Trigger command to the CBL 2 collect data in real time For i 1 99 Repeat next two instructions fo...

Page 764: ...an initial velocity of 95 feet per second and an initial angle of 32 degrees 1 Set the modes for Page 1 as shown in this screen 2 Set the modes for Page 2 as shown in this screen 3 In the Y Editor on...

Page 765: ...splay the TABLE SETUP dialog box and change tblStart to 0 and tbl to 0 1 Note Press 8 8 Display the table in the left side and press D to highlight t 2 Note Press 8 9 Switch to the right side Press an...

Page 766: ...he complex zeros of a cubic polynomial Visualizing Complex Roots Visualizing Complex Roots Visualizing Complex Roots Visualizing Complex Roots Perform the following steps to expand the cubic polynomia...

Page 767: ...he x axis Likewise the absolute value of a function of two variables will force any roots to visually just touch the xy plane 4 Copy and paste the last answer to the entry line and store it in the fun...

Page 768: ...alculating and drawing the graph takes about three minutes 7 Graph the modulus surface The 3D graph is used to visually display a picture of the roots where the surface touches the xy plane 8 Use the...

Page 769: ...oints where the graph of the modulus surface touches the xy plane Solving a Standard Annuity Problem Solving a Standard Annuity Problem Solving a Standard Annuity Problem Solving a Standard Annuity Pr...

Page 770: ...i of an annuity where the starting principal p is 1 000 number of compounding periods n is 6 and the future value s is 2 000 1 On the Home screen enter the equation to solve for p 2 Enter the equation...

Page 771: ...inancing an item Detailed information about the steps used in this example can be found in the electronic chapter Programming which is available from the TI Web site at education ti com and on the CD...

Page 772: ...emp4 temp5 temp6 Func Local tempi tempfunc tempstr1 Ltemp3 1 temp2 1200 temp6 temp4 1N 1 temp2 1200 Ltemp1 temp2 1200 Ntemp5 1 temp2 1200 Ltemp1 tempfunc For tempi 1 5 1 temp exact string tempi tempst...

Page 773: ...off the loan if you could make a 300 payment each month Finding Rational Real and Complex Factors Finding Rational Real and Complex Factors Finding Rational Real and Complex Factors Finding Rational...

Page 774: ...ng Factors Finding Factors Enter the expressions shown below on the Home screen 1 factor x 3N5x displays a rational result 2 factor x 3 5x displays a rational result 3 factor x 3N5x x displays a real...

Page 775: ...define drawball as a function that can be called with two parameters The first parameter is a list where each element is the number of balls of a certain color The second parameter is the number of b...

Page 776: ...Using Vectors to Determine Velocity A small fishing boat leaves from the south bank of the Allegheny River and heads at an 80 angle with an engine speed of 20 knots However the eastward force of the c...

Page 777: ...decimal point Press 3 D D D On the Angle option select 2 DEGREE On the Display Digits option select E FLOAT 2 Set the modes for Page 2 as shown in this screen Display answers in decimal form Press 3...

Page 778: ...as i c and r Use the value a for the unknown speed of the current Use the value b for the speed of the boat Enter 20 80 i a 0 c b 60 r Vectors are commonly written in either polar or rectangular form...

Page 779: ...rs are equal the x coordinate of i c must equal the x coordinate of the resultant vector r Likewise the y coordinate of i c must equal the y coordinate of resultant vector r 6 Set up two equations inv...

Page 780: ...speed of the boat solve eq2 b 8 Substitute the known value of b into eq1 and solve eq1 for a to determine a the speed of the eastward traveling current solve eq1 a b The boat travels at a speed of 22...

Page 781: ...tion that is included in the operating system OS See modules relating to calculator software applications Apps for functions and instructions specific to those Apps Circle CATALOG Circle x y r drawMod...

Page 782: ...7 PxlChg 857 PxlCrcl 857 PxlHorz 857 PxlLine 857 PxlOff 858 PxlOn 858 pxlTest 858 PxlText 858 PxlVert 858 RclGDB 862 RclPic 862 RplcPic 867 Shade 874 StoGDB 883 StoPic 883 Style 884 Trace 891 XorPic 8...

Page 783: ...min 844 mod 844 nCr 845 nPr 848 P4 4 4 4Rx 851 P4 4 4 4Ry 851 r radian 909 R4 4 4 4Pq q q q 861 R4 4 4 4Pr 861 real 862 remain 864 rotate 865 round 866 sec 867 root 865 sec 868 sech 868 sech 868 shift...

Page 784: ...etCalc 824 getConfg 824 getDate 824 getDtFmt 825 getDtStr 825 getFold 825 getKey 825 getMode 826 getTime 826 getTmFmt 826 getTmStr 826 getTmZn 827 getType 827 getUnits 828 Goto 828 If 830 Input 831 In...

Page 785: ...5 NewPlot 847 nPr 848 OneVar 849 PlotsOff 853 PlotsOn 853 PowerReg 855 QuadReg 859 QuartReg 860 rand 861 randNorm 862 RandSeed 862 ShowStat 875 SinReg 878 SortA 881 SortD 881 stdDev 882 stdDevPop 882...

Page 786: ...presents the bit results and is displayed according to the Base mode You can enter the integers in any number base For a binary or hexadecimal entry you must use the 0b or 0h prefix respectively Witho...

Page 787: ...2 Style 3 Square y1 no checkmark F4 to deselect Zoom 7 ZoomTrig AndPic PIC1 Done angle MATH Complex menu angle expression1 expression Returns the angle of expression1 interpreting expression1 as a co...

Page 788: ...ue when possible approx sin p cos p 0 1 approx 2 3 1 414 1 732 Archive CATALOG Archive var1 var2 var3 Moves the specified variables from RAM to the user data archive memory You can access an archived...

Page 789: ...change expression1 can be a user defined function name see Func h is the step value If h is omitted it defaults to 0 001 Note that the similar function nDeriv uses the central difference quotient avg...

Page 790: ...atrix Editor after using BldData dataVar or sysData depending on the argument you used with BldData is set as the current data variable The incremental values used for any independent variables x in t...

Page 791: ...t be some incidental factoring with respect to other variables cFactor a 3 x 2 a x 2 a 3 a x a a 1 x i x i cFactor x 2 3 x x 3 i x 3 i cFactor x 2 a x x a i x a i For the AUTO setting of the Exact App...

Page 792: ...rawn While viewing the Graph screen you can clear all drawn items such as lines and points by pressing ReGraph or pressing 2 and selecting 1 ClrDraw ClrErr CATALOG ClrErr Clears the error status It se...

Page 793: ...een ClrTable CATALOG ClrTable Clears all table values Applies only to the ASK setting on the Table Setup dialog box While viewing the Table screen in Ask mode you can clear the values by pressing and...

Page 794: ...kely to exhaust memory comDenom exprn abc comden exprn Done comden y 2 y x 1 2 y 2 y Even when there is no denominator the comden function is often a fast way to achieve partial factorization if facto...

Page 795: ...p 4 2 2 cos 45 2 2 cos squareMatrix1 squareMatrix Returns the matrix cosine of squareMatrix1 This is not the same as calculating the cosine of each element When a scalar function f A operates on squar...

Page 796: ...returns a list of the hyperbolic cosines of each element of list1 cosh 1 2 1 810 cosh 0 1 2 1 1 810 cosh squareMatrix1 squareMatrix Returns the matrix hyperbolic cosine of squareMatrix1 This is not th...

Page 797: ...n1 expression cot list1 list Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of expression1 or returns a list of the hyperbolic cotangents of all elements of list1 coth 1 2 1 199 coth 1 3 2 1 tanh 1 1 003 cothL L L...

Page 798: ...ression1 expression csch list1 list Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of expression1 or returns a list of the hyperbolic cosecants of all elements of list1 csch 3 1 sinh 3 csch 1 2 1 4 1 sinh 1 248 1 si...

Page 799: ...ld also use var_ for any other variables in equation that might have unreal values Otherwise you may receive unexpected results z is treated as real cSolve conj z 1 i z z 1 i z_ is treated as complex...

Page 800: ...r varOrGuess list cSolve u_ v_ u_ v_ and v_ 2 u_ u_ v_ w_ u_ 1 2 3 2 i and v_ 1 2 3 2 i and w_ 1 or u_ 1 2 3 2 i and v_ 1 2 3 2 i and w_ 1 or u_ 0 and v_ 0 and w_ 1 If you do not include any guesses a...

Page 801: ...list1 represents xlist list2 represents ylist list3 represents frequency list4 represents category codes list5 represents category include list Note list1 through list4 must be a variable name or c1 c...

Page 802: ...ram listing example CustmOn CATALOG CustmOn Activates a custom toolbar that has already been set up in a Custom EndCustm block CustmOn and CustmOff enable a program to control a custom toolbar Manuall...

Page 803: ...4 4 4 4Cylind Displays the row or column vector in cylindrical form r q z vector must have exactly three elements It can be either a row or a column 2 2 3 4Cylind 2 2 p 4 3 cZeros MATH Algebra Complex...

Page 804: ...1 4 c_ 1 2 4 1 4 c_ 1 2 1 4 c_ 1 2 4 1 4 c_ 1 2 0 0 You can also include unknown variables that do not appear in the expressions These zeros show how families of zeros might contain arbitrary constant...

Page 805: ...rmined by step 1 3 Determine the symbolic derivative of the result of step 2 with respect to the variable from step 1 4 If the variable from step 1 has a stored value or a value specified by a with op...

Page 806: ...etting in gradians radians or degrees In Degree angle mode 1 5 4DD 1 5 45 22 14 3 4DD 45 370 45 22 14 3 60 0 0 4DD 45 370 60 In Gradian angle mode 14DD 9 10 In Radian angle mode 1 5 4DD 85 9 4 4 4 4De...

Page 807: ...e expressions and instructions such as If Then Else and For This allows the function funcName to use the Return instruction to return a specific result Note It is usually easier to author and edit thi...

Page 808: ...gh 255 The suffix resets to 1 when you use ClrHome or 8 Clear Home The solution of a 2nd order equation contains two such constants Note To type a prime symbol press 2 deSolve y 2y y x 2 x y y 1 x 2 e...

Page 809: ...tion2 use the form dependentVar initialIndependentValue initial1stDerivativeValue deSolve 2ndOrderOde and boundaryCondition1 and boundaryCondition2 independentVar dependentVar a particular solution Re...

Page 810: ...he I O 1 Dialog menu item in the Program Editor are 1 Text 2 Request 4 DropDown and 7 Title The variables in a dialog box can be given values that will be displayed as the default or initial value If...

Page 811: ...een you can press to display the Home screen or a program can use DispHome Disp Hello Hello Disp cos 2 3 666 1 2 3 4 L1 Disp L1 1 2 3 4 Disp 180_min 4 _hr 3 _hr Note To type an underscore _ press To t...

Page 812: ...r ops menu dotP list1 list2 expression Returns the dot product of two lists dotP a b c d e f a d b e c f dotP 1 2 5 6 17 dotP vector1 vector2 expression Returns the dot product of two vectors Both mus...

Page 813: ...er the window settings If the current graphing mode is not polar these three arguments are required Note Regraphing erases all drawn items In function graphing mode and ZoomStd window DrawPol 5 cos 3...

Page 814: ...nent Enters a number in scientific notation The number is interpreted as mantissa 10exponent Hint If you want to enter a power of 10 without causing a decimal value result use 10 integer 2 3 4 23000 2...

Page 815: ...enu eigVl squareMatrix list Returns a list of the eigenvalues of a real or complex squareMatrix squareMatrix is first balanced with similarity transformations until the row and column norms are as clo...

Page 816: ...nd cannot be an expression Note If the last entry is still highlighted on the Home screen pressing is equivalent to executing entry 1 On the Home screen 1 1 x 1 x 1 1 1 entry 1 2 1 x 1 1 2 2 x 1 3 2 5...

Page 817: ...4 4list CATALOG exp4 4 4 4list expression var list Examines expression for equations that are separated by the word or and returns a list containing the right hand sides of the equations of the form v...

Page 818: ...comDenom for an expanded numerator over an expanded denominator expand x 3 x 2 2 x 2 2 2 x x 2 x 1 expand ans 1 x 1 x 2 1 x 2 x 1 expand expression1 var also distributes logarithms and fractional powe...

Page 819: ...ariables over a common denominator expression1 is factored as much as possible toward linear rational factors without introducing new non real subexpressions This alternative is appropriate if you wan...

Page 820: ...d factoring a 100 digit number could take more than a century Note To stop break a computation press If you merely want to determine if a number is prime use isPrime instead It is much faster particul...

Page 821: ...turns a Boolean expression specifying candidate values of var that minimize expression or locate its greatest lower bound Use the operator to restrict the solution interval and or specify the sign of...

Page 822: ...parated with the character Program segment 0 tempsum 1 step For i 1 100 step tempsum i tempsum EndFor Disp tempsum Contents of tempsum after execution 5050 Contents of tempsum when step is changed to...

Page 823: ...he first statement in a multi statement function definition block can be either a single statement or a series of statements separated with the character Note when also can be used to define and graph...

Page 824: ...ort is not specified or port 0 is specified the TI 89 Titanium waits for data from either port If port 1 the TI 89 Titanium waits for data from the USB port If port 2 the TI 89 Titanium waits for data...

Page 825: ...h day of September 2002 when the date format is set to DD MM YY If you enter the optional integer that corresponds to a date format the string returns the current date in the specified format Optional...

Page 826: ...it 1 App Home Split 2 App Graph Number of Graphs 1 Graph 2 FUNCTION Split Screen Ratio 1 1 Exact Approx AUTO Base DEC Note Your screen may display different mode settings getNum MATH Algebra Extract m...

Page 827: ...ountain Daylight Time 360 minutes from GMT 16 07 07 p m in Brussels Belgium Central European Standard Time 120 minutes from GMT getType CATALOG getType var string Returns a string indicating the data...

Page 828: ...its default unit such as _m for meters To set the default units use setUnits getUnits SI Area NONE Capacitance _F Charge _coul Note Your screen may display different default units Goto CATALOG Goto l...

Page 829: ...time Some valid variations of this instruction are Function graphing Graph expr x Parametric graphing Graph xExpr yExpr t Polar graphing Graph expr q Sequence graphing Not allowed 3D graphing Graph ex...

Page 830: ...an expression evaluates to true executes block1 and then skips block2 If Boolean expression evaluates to false skips block1 but executes block2 block1 and block2 can be a single statement Program segm...

Page 831: ...sumes Program segment Get 10 points from the Graph Screen For i 1 10 Input xc XLIST i yc YLIST i EndFor Input promptString var Input promptString var pauses the program displays promptString on the Pr...

Page 832: ...h of the elements int 2 5 3 int 1 234 0 0 37 2 0 0 intDiv CATALOG intDiv number1 number2 integer intDiv list1 list2 list intDiv matrix1 matrix2 matrix Returns the signed integer part of argument 1 div...

Page 833: ...next prime after a specified number Define nextPrim n Func Loop n 1 n if isPrime n return n EndLoop EndFunc Done nextPrim 7 11 isVar CATALOG isVar var_name true false Determines if var_name is in use...

Page 834: ...d in list1 If you omit num returns all of list1 left 1 3 2 4 3 1 3 2 left comparison expression Returns the left hand side of an equation or inequality left x 3 x limit MATH Calculus menu limit expres...

Page 835: ...yStart xEnd yEnd drawMode Displays the Graph screen and draws erases or inverts a line segment between the window coordinates xStart yStart and xEnd yEnd including both endpoints If drawMode 1 draws t...

Page 836: ...Mode 0 turns off the line If drawMode 1 turns a line that is on to off or off to on inverts pixels along the line Note Regraphing erases all drawn items See also PxlVert In a ZoomStd window LineVert 2...

Page 837: ...g menu 4 4 4 4 ln expression expression Causes the input expression to be converted to an expression containing only natural logs ln Log x 4 ln ln ln 10 x ln 2 x key ln expression1 expression ln list1...

Page 838: ...l variables Those variables exist only during evaluation of a program or function and are deleted when the program or function finishes execution Note Local variables save memory because they only exi...

Page 839: ...ix1 This is not the same as calculating the base expression2 logarithm of each element For information about the calculation method refer to cos squareMatrix1 must be diagonalizable The result always...

Page 840: ...racy but longer execution times and vice versa Note list1 through list4 must be a variable name or c1 c99 columns in the last data variable shown in the Data Matrix Editor list5 does not have to be a...

Page 841: ...e or set the mode to Exact Approx APPROXIMATE computations are done using floating point arithmetic If tol is omitted or not used the default tolerance is calculated as 5E 14 max dim matrix rowNorm ma...

Page 842: ...lumn in matrix1 Note See also fMax and min max 1 3 7 4 0 3 1 0 7 mean MATH Statistics menu mean list freqlist expression Returns the mean of the elements in list Each freqlist element counts the numbe...

Page 843: ...sourceString start count string Returns count characters from character string sourceString beginning with character number start If count is omitted or is greater than the dimension of sourceString r...

Page 844: ...second argument is non zero the result is periodic in that argument The result is either zero or has the same sign as the second argument If the arguments are two lists or two matrices returns a list...

Page 845: ...rguments must be the same size matrix nCr 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 15 10 6 3 nDeriv MATH Calculus menu nDeriv expression1 var h expression nDeriv expression1 var list list nDeriv list var h list nDeriv matrix...

Page 846: ...is zero newList 4 0 0 0 0 newMat CATALOG also Math Matrix menu newMat numRows numColumns matrix Returns a matrix of zeros with the dimension numRows by numColumns newMat 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 NewPic CATALOG...

Page 847: ...new problem from a cleared state without resetting the memory Clears all single character variable names Clear a z in the current folder unless the variables are locked or archived Turns off all funct...

Page 848: ...ic modulo operation is used to bring the value into the appropriate range In Hex base mode not 0h7AC36 0hFFF853C9 In Bin base mode 0b100101 4 dec 37 not 0b100101 0b11111111111111111111111111011010 ans...

Page 849: ...here the residual is zero or two relatively close points where the residual has opposite signs and the magnitude of the residual is not excessive If it cannot achieve this using a modest number of sam...

Page 850: ...bit binary form a symmetric modulo operation is used to bring the value into the appropriate range Note See xor In Hex base mode 0h7AC36 or 0h3D5F 0h7BD7F In Bin base mode 0b100101 or 0b100 0b100101 N...

Page 851: ...1 3 p 3 p 4 0 3 3 2 5 2 0 part CATALOG part expression1 nonNegativeInteger This advanced programming function lets you identify and extract all of the sub expressions in the simplified result of expr...

Page 852: ...are technical reasons why part x y z 1 returns y x instead of x y part x y z 2 part x y z 2 z part x y z 1 y x Similarly x y z is represented internally as x y z Again there are technical reasons why...

Page 853: ...isplay Program execution resumes when you press Program segment ClrIO DelVar temp 1 temp 1 1 temp 2 Disp temp 2 Guess the Pattern For i 3 20 temp i 2 temp i 1 temp i Disp temp i Disp temp Can you gues...

Page 854: ...ression1 expression polyEval list1 list2 expression Interprets the first argument as the coefficient of a descending degree polynomial and returns the polynomial evaluated for the value of the second...

Page 855: ...TALOG Prgm EndPrgm Required instruction that identifies the beginning of a program Last line of program must be EndPrgm Program segment prgmname Prgm EndPrgm Product PI See page 908 product MATH List...

Page 856: ...f the polynomial part are then made proper with respect to their most main variable first and so on For rational expressions propFrac is a faster but less extreme alternative to expand propFrac x 2 x...

Page 857: ...rns off the circle If drawMode 1 inverts pixels along the circle Note Regraphing erases all drawn items See also Circle PxlCrcl 40 80 30 1 PxlHorz CATALOG PxlHorz row drawMode Displays the Graph scree...

Page 858: ...s on Returns false if the pixel is off Note Regraphing erases all drawn items PxlOn 25 50 PxlTest 25 50 true PxlOff 25 50 PxlTest 25 50 false PxlText CATALOG PxlText string row col Displays the Graph...

Page 859: ...to be calculated in floating point form 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 m1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QR m1 qm rm Done qm 123 904 408 492 301 816 861 301 408 rm 8 124 9 601 11 078 0 904 1 809 0 0 0 m n o p m1 m n o p The Q...

Page 860: ...ession and updates the system statistics variables All the lists must have equal dimensions except for list5 list1 represents xlist list2 represents ylist list3 represents frequency list4 represents c...

Page 861: ...expression R4 4 4 4Pr xList yList list R4 4 4 4Pr xMatrix yMatrix matrix Returns the equivalent r coordinate of the x y pair arguments In Radian angle mode R4Pr 3 2 R4Pr x y R4Pr 3 4 2 0 p 4 1 5 4 4...

Page 862: ...be zero order must be 0 99 RandSeed 1147 Done randPoly x 5 2 x5 3 x4 6 x3 4 x 6 RandSeed MATH Probability menu RandSeed number If number 0 sets the seeds to the factory defaults for the random number...

Page 863: ...You must use parentheses for an r q polar entry In Radian angle mode 4e p 3 4Rect 4 e p 3 4 p 3 4Rect 2 2 3 i In Gradian angle mode 1 100 4Rect i In Degree angle mode 4 60 4Rect 2 2 3 3 3 3 i Note To...

Page 864: ...In either case if var contains a string it is displayed and highlighted in the input box as a default choice promptString must be 20 characters This instruction can be stand alone or part of a dialog...

Page 865: ...de of integer1 is too large for this form a symmetric modulo operation brings it within the range In Bin base mode rotate 0b1111010110000110101 0b10000000000000111101011000011010 rotate 256 1 0b100000...

Page 866: ...nd 1 234567 3 1 235 round list1 digits list Returns a list of the elements rounded to the specified number of digits round p 2 ln 2 4 3 1416 1 4142 6931 round matrix1 digits matrix Returns a matrix of...

Page 867: ...1 rref 2 2 0 6 1 1 9 9 5 2 4 4 1 0 0 66 71 0 1 0 147 71 0 0 1 62 71 Optionally any matrix element is treated as zero if its absolute value is less than tol This tolerance is used only if the matrix ha...

Page 868: ...L L L1 MATH Hyperbolic menu sechL L L L1 expression1 expression sechL L L L1 list1 list Returns the inverse hyperbolic secant of expression1 or returns a list containing the inverse hyperbolic secant...

Page 869: ...SendChat x seq MATH List menu seq expression var low high step list Increments var from low through high by an increment of step evaluates expression and returns the results as a list The original co...

Page 870: ...r string that specifies the new setting for the mode It must be one of the settings listed below for the specific mode you are setting setGraph Graph Order Seq SEQ setGraph Coordinates Off RECT Note C...

Page 871: ...not work if each of the pairs is entered with a separate setMode in the order shown Use setMode var to restore settings saved with getMode ALL var Note To set or return information about the Unit Sys...

Page 872: ...eString is a character string that specifies which parameter you want to set It must be one of the parameters from the table below settingString is a character string that specifies the new setting fo...

Page 873: ...returns a list of the previous defaults To specify the built in SI metric or ENG US system list1 uses the form SI or ENG US To specify a custom set of default units list1 uses the form CUSTOM cat1 un...

Page 874: ...ng mode In the ZoomTrig viewing window Shade cos x sin x ClrDraw Done Shade cos x sin x 0 5 ClrDraw Done Shade cos x sin x 0 5 2 ClrDraw Done Shade cos x sin x 0 5 2 1 shift CATALOG shift integer1 ofS...

Page 875: ...acter Characters introduced at the beginning or end of string by the shift are set to a space shift abcd abc shift abcd 2 ab shift abcd 1 bcd ShowStat CATALOG ShowStat Displays a dialog box containing...

Page 876: ...imult 1 2 3 4 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 The solution is x 3 and y 2 Solve ax by 1 cx dy 2 a b c d matx1 a b c d simult matx1 1 2 2 b d a d b c 2 a c a d b c simult coeffMatrix constMatrix tol matrix Solves...

Page 877: ...er to cos squareMatrix1 must be diagonalizable The result always contains floating point numbers In Radian angle mode and Rectangular complex format mode sin 1 5 3 4 2 1 6 2 1 164 064 i 1 490 2 105 i...

Page 878: ...tial order If you specify period the differences between x values can be unequal Note list1 through list3 must be a variable name or c1 c99 columns in the last data variable shown in the Data Matrix E...

Page 879: ...solve x x x true Since solve always returns a Boolean result you can use and or and not to combine results from solve with each other or with other Boolean expressions 2x 1 1 and solve x 2 9 x x 1 and...

Page 880: ...ry constants of the form k where k is an integer suffix from 1 through 255 The suffix resets to 1 when you use ClrHome or 8 Clear Home For polynomial systems computation time or memory exhaustion may...

Page 881: ...tName2 listName3 SortD vectorName1 vectorName 2 vectorName 3 Identical to SortA except SortD sorts the elements in descending order 2 1 4 3 list1 2 1 4 3 1 2 3 4 list2 1 2 3 4 SortD list1 list2 Done l...

Page 882: ...rows stdDev 1 2 5 3 0 1 5 7 3 2 179 1 014 2 stdDev L1 2 5 3 2 5 7 3 6 L4 4 2 3 3 1 7 2 7005 5 44695 stdDevPop MATH Statistics menu stdDevPop list freqlist expression Returns the population standard d...

Page 883: ...CATALOG Stop Used as a program instruction to stop program execution Program segment For i 1 10 1 If i 5 Stop EndFor StoPic CATALOG StoPic picVar pxlRow pxlCol width height Displays the graph screen...

Page 884: ...ePropertyString names Style 1 thick Done Style 10 path Done Note In function graphing mode these examples set the style of y1 x to Thick and y10 x to Path subMat CATALOG subMat matrix1 startRow startC...

Page 885: ...ndow number If integer1 2 activates window 2 and returns the previously active window number If integer1 is omitted switches windows and returns the previously active window number integer1 is ignored...

Page 886: ...assumed Some valid variations of this instruction are Function graphing Table expr x Parametric graphing Table xExpr yExpr t Polar graphing Table expr q Note The Table command is not valid for 3D seq...

Page 887: ...7 463 tan squareMatrix1 squareMatrix Returns the matrix inverse tangent of squareMatrix1 This is not the same as calculating the inverse tangent of each element For information about the calculation m...

Page 888: ...l includes non zero terms of integer degrees from zero through order in var minus point taylor returns itself if there is no truncated power series of this order or if it would require negative or fra...

Page 889: ...sin f cos f sin f tExpand cos a b cos a cos b sin a sin b Text CATALOG Text promptString Displays the character string promptString dialog box If used as part of a Dialog EndDlog block promptString i...

Page 890: ...ssion _ tempUnit2 Converts a temperature range the difference between two temperature values specified by expression1 from one unit to another Valid temperature units are _ C Celsius _ F Fahrenheit _...

Page 891: ...aces the trace cursor on the first defined Y function at the previously defined cursor position or at the reset position if regraphing was necessary Allows operation of the cursor and most keys when e...

Page 892: ...howStat Unarchiv CATALOG Unarchiv var1 var2 var3 Moves the specified variables from the user data archive memory to RAM You can access an archived variable the same as you would a variable in RAM Howe...

Page 893: ...ance 1 2 5 3 0 1 5 7 3 4 75 1 03 4 variance L1 1 2 2 3 4 5 1 L2 3 4 3 6 3 2 4 5 1 3 91731 2 08411 when CATALOG when condition trueResult falseResult unknownResult expression Returns trueResult falseRe...

Page 894: ...e or false Note See or true xor true false 5 3 xor 3 5 true integer1 xor integer2 integer Compares two real integers bit by bit using an xor operation Internally both integers are converted to signed...

Page 895: ...x 1 x exact solve a e x x sign x 1 0 x ex x 0 or x 0 or a 0 zeros expression1 expression2 varOrGuess1 varOrGuess2 matrix Returns candidate real zeros of the simultaneous algebraic expressions where e...

Page 896: ...on polynomial in any variable but all expressions are linear in the unknowns zeros uses Gaussian elimination to attempt to determine all real zeros zeros x e z y 1 x y sin z x y ez sin z 1 ez 1 sin z...

Page 897: ...ed and displays the Graph screen Note Does not adjust ymin and ymax for histograms In function graphing mode 1 2 3 4 L1 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 L2 2 3 4 5 newPlot 1 1 L1 L2 Done ZoomStd ZoomData ZoomDec CATAL...

Page 898: ...he Graph screen lets you set a center point for a zoom in and updates the viewing window The magnitude of the zoom is dependent on the Zoom factors xFact and yFact In 3D Graph mode the magnitude is de...

Page 899: ...rev Displays the Graph screen and updates the viewing window with the settings in use before the last zoom ZoomRcl CATALOG ZoomRcl Displays the Graph screen and updates the viewing window using the se...

Page 900: ...5 Differential equations graphing t 0 10 1 0 x 1 10 1 y 10 10 1 ncurves 0 Estep 1 diftol 001 fldres 14 dtime 0 In function graphing mode 1 25x cos x y1 x Done ZoomStd ZoomSto CATALOG ZoomSto Stores t...

Page 901: ...2 3 24 subtract key expression1 expression2 expression Returns expression1 minus expression2 6 2 4 p p 6 5 p 6 list1 list2 list matrix1 matrix2 matrix Subtracts each element in list2 or matrix2 from...

Page 902: ...1 matrix matrix1 expression matrix Returns a matrix containing the products of expression and each element in matrix1 Note Use dot multiply to multiply an expression by each element 1 2 3 4 01 01 02 0...

Page 903: ...squareMatrix1 integer matrix Returns squareMatrix1 raised to the integer power squareMatrix1 must be a square matrix If integer 1 computes the inverse matrix If integer 1 computes the inverse matrix t...

Page 904: ...matrix1 matrix matrix1 matrix2 returns a matrix where each element in matrix2 is the exponent for the corresponding element in matrix1 expression matrix1 returns a matrix where each element in matrix...

Page 905: ...Func Graph g x key expression1 expression2 Boolean expression list1 list2 Boolean list matrix1 matrix2 Boolean matrix Returns true if expression1 is determined to be not equal to expression2 Returns f...

Page 906: ...be less than or equal to expression2 Anything else returns a simplified form of the equation For lists and matrices returns comparisons element by element See equal example key expression1 expression2...

Page 907: ...ons are sometimes added to make an anti derivative valid over a larger interval than the usual formula 1 2 cos x x tmp x ClrGraph Graph tmp x Graph 1 2 cos x Graph 3 2tan 3 tan x 2 3 returns itself fo...

Page 908: ...low 1 if high low 1 1 k k 4 1 6 1 k k 4 1 1 k k 2 4 1 4 G sum MATH Calculus menu G G G G expression1 var low high expression Evaluates expression1 for each value of var from low to high and returns t...

Page 909: ...Use if you want to force radians in a function or program definition regardless of the mode that prevails when the function or program is used In Degree Gradian or Radian angle mode cos p 4 2 2 cos 0...

Page 910: ...r differential equation two prime symbols denote a 2nd order etc deSolve y y 1 2 and y 0 0 and y 0 0 t y 2 y3 4 3 t _ underscore key expression_unit Designates the units for an expression All unit nam...

Page 911: ...ed to the power of the argument For a list returns 10 raised to the power of the elements in list1 10 1 5 31 622 10 0 2 2 a 1 1 100 100 10a 10 squareMatrix1 squareMatrix Returns 10 raised to the power...

Page 912: ...or not computable solve x 2 1 0 x x 0 and x 2 x 1 x 1 x x 0 1 x 1 x 1 x x Exclusions use the not equals or relational operator to exclude a specific value from consideration They are used primarily t...

Page 913: ...imal number respectively To enter a binary or hex number you must enter the 0b or 0h prefix regardless of the Base mode Without a prefix a number is treated as decimal base 10 Results are displayed ac...

Page 914: ...r messages Error Number Description 10 A function did not return a value 20 A test did not resolve to TRUE or FALSE Generally undefined variables cannot be compared For example the test If a b will ca...

Page 915: ...and 205 Data is too big to save to a variable Please use F6 Util to reduce the size The size of the data in the editor exceeds the maximum size that can be saved in a variable The F6 Util menu provid...

Page 916: ...equation 330 Folder An attempt was made in the VAR LINK menu to store a variable in a folder that does not exist 335 Graph functions y1 x y99 x not available in Diff Equations mode 345 Inconsistent u...

Page 917: ...or program A number of commands are not valid outside a program or a function For example Local cannot be used unless it is in a program or function 560 Invalid outside Loop EndLoop For EndFor or Whil...

Page 918: ...the If EndIf block 750 Name is not a function or program 765 No functions selected 780 No solution found Using the interactive math features F5 Math in the Graph application can give this error For e...

Page 919: ...s negative y is correct 930 Too few arguments The expression or equation is missing one or more arguments For example d f x is invalid whereas d f x x is the correct syntax 940 Too many arguments The...

Page 920: ...lder You can set up multiple folders with unique configurations of variables graph databases programs etc Warning Expected finite real integrand Warning May not be fully simplified Warning More soluti...

Page 921: ...t only how an answer is displayed you can enter a number in any format Numeric answers can be displayed with up to 12 digits and a 3 digit exponent 1 main Default folder included with the TI 89 Titani...

Page 922: ...rmats of Displayed Results in the Operating the Calculator module 3 ENGINEERING Similar to scientific notation However The number may have one two or three digits before the decimal The power of 10 ex...

Page 923: ...whether both parts of a split screen can display graphs at the same time Graph 2 Graph 2 Graph 2 Graph 2 Specifies the type of graphs that you can plot for the second graph on a two graph split scree...

Page 924: ...mats of Displayed Results in the Operating the Calculator module Base Base Base Base Lets you perform calculations by entering numbers in decimal binary or hexadecimal form 1 AUTO Uses EXACT setting i...

Page 925: ...you turn the display of the Apps desktop on or off 1 SI Select SI for the metric system of measurements 2 ENG US Select ENG US for the non metric system of measurements 3 CUSTOM Allows you to select...

Page 926: ...51 3 52 4 53 5 54 6 55 7 56 8 57 9 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 A 66 B 67 C 68 D 69 E 70 F 71 G 72 H 73 I 74 J 75 K 76 L 77 M 78 N 79 O 80 P 81 Q 82 R 83 S 84 T 85 U 86 V 87 W 88 X 89 Y 90 Z 91 92 93 94 95...

Page 927: ...dow 8461 F2 269 F3 270 F3 270 F3 270 Graph 8462 F3 270 F4 271 F4 271 F4 271 Tblset 8463 F4 271 F5 272 F5 272 F5 272 Table 8464 F5 272 Copy 24576 Cut 12288 j a lock N ESC 264 ESC 264 QUIT 4360 PASTE 84...

Page 928: ...q 113 2 50 R 50 92 8242 r 114 3 51 S3 83 CUST 4147 8243 s 115 y 4 52 L 76 58 8244 l 108 z 5 53 M 77 MATH 4149 8245 m 109 6 54 N 78 MEM 4150 8246 n 110 m 7 55 G 71 4151 8247 g 103 n 8 56 H 72 d 4152 8...

Page 929: ...shown in this section For example if your program contains a getKey function pressing 2 will return a value of 268 Key Normal 2 j C 338 16722 4434 8530 33106 B 340 16724 4436 8532 33108 D 344 16728 4...

Page 930: ...F7 274 F7 274 8466 F8 275 F8 275 F8 275 8467 3 MODE 266 MODE 266 MODE 266 8458 M CLEAR 263 CLEAR 263 CLEAR 263 8455 x LN 262 LN 262 e x 4358 8454 N ESC 264 ESC 264 QUIT 4360 8456 O APPS 265 APPS 265 S...

Page 931: ...A 65 Table 3 8257 B b 98 B 66 39 8258 C c 99 C 67 Table 4 COPY 8259 D d 100 D 68 176 8260 E e 101 E 69 Table 5 WINDOW 8261 F f 102 F 70 159 FORMAT 8262 G g 103 G 71 Table 6 8263 H h 104 H 72 38 8264...

Page 932: ...8275 T t 116 T 84 35 TBLSET 8276 U u 117 U 85 Table 9 8277 V v 118 V 86 157 PASTE 8278 W w 119 W 87 33 Y 8279 X x 120 X 88 169 CUT 8280 Y y 121 Y 89 4 18 TABLE 8281 Z z 122 Z 90 CAPS 8282 Key Modifier...

Page 933: ...s the arrow keys Table 3 Grave Accent Letters prefixed by 2 A Table 4 Cedilla Letters prefixed by 2 C Key Normal 2 C 338 16722 4434 8530 33106 B 340 16724 4436 8532 33108 D 344 16728 4440 8536 33112 A...

Page 934: ...prefixed by 2 E Table 6 Greek Letters prefixed by 2 G Key Assoc Normal A 225 193 E 233 201 I 237 205 O 243 211 U 250 218 Y 253 221 Key Assoc Normal A 128 B 129 D 133 132 E 134 F 145 G 131 130 L 137 M...

Page 935: ...ixed by 2 N Table 8 Caret Letters prefixed by 2 O Table 9 Umlaut Letters prefixed by 2 U Key Assoc Normal N 241 209 O 245 Key Assoc Normal A 226 194 E 234 202 I 238 206 O 244 212 U 251 219 Key Assoc N...

Page 936: ...the real plane As shown below the form that you can enter depends on the current Angle mode Use the following methods to enter a complex number The point can be expressed in rectangular form or in eit...

Page 937: ...mode setting TI 89 Titanium j R s 2 d or c j R 2 d Important Do not use the re i i i iq polar form in Degree angle mode It will cause a Domain error Note To get the e symbol press TI89 Titanium s Voya...

Page 938: ...age 200 converts all entered trig values to radians but it does not convert values for exponential logarithmic or hyperbolic functions In Degree angle mode complex identities such as e i i i iq cos q...

Page 939: ...e centers of two horizontally adjacent pixels x is calculated as xmax N xmin of x pixels N1 If x is entered from the Home screen or a program xmax is calculated as xmin x of x pixels N 1 Note For a ta...

Page 940: ...max yscl ygrid xres x y zmin zmax zscl eyeq eyef eye ncontour qmin qmax qstep tmin tmax tstep t0 tplot ncurves diftol dtime Estep fldpic fldres nmin nmax plotStrt plotStep sysMath zxmin zxmax zxscl zx...

Page 941: ...sequence EOS evaluates expressions and equations using parenthetical grouping and according to the priorities described below Order of Evaluation Order of Evaluation Order of Evaluation Order of Evalu...

Page 942: ...iable name xyz Indirection also allows the creation and modification of variables from inside a program For example if 10 r and r s1 then s1 10 Post Operators Post Operators Post Operators Post Operat...

Page 943: ...as possible For example y a sin bx c d is the model equation for SinReg So its residual expression is a sin bxi c d yi For SinReg therefore the least squares algorithm finds the constants a b c and d...

Page 944: ...least squares algorithm and transformed values ln x and ln y to fit the model equation y axb QuadReg Uses the least squares algorithm to fit the second order polynomial y ax2 bx c For three data point...

Page 945: ...d contour value Ci Each rectangle in the grid is treated similarly Runge Kutta Method Runge Kutta Method Runge Kutta Method Runge Kutta Method For Runge Kutta integrations of ordinary differential equ...

Page 946: ...d to control the step size automatically For a thorough discussion of how this can be done refer to Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations by L F Shampine New York Chapman Hall 1994 The...

Page 947: ...avoid loss of data do not remove the lithium battery unless four fresh alkaline batteries are installed Replace the lithium backup battery about every three or four years Note To avoid loss of informa...

Page 948: ...ium Battery in the TI 89 Titanium To replace the lithium backup battery remove the battery cover and unscrew the tiny screw holding the BACK UP BATTERY cover in place Remove the old battery and instal...

Page 949: ...hium Battery in the Voyage 200 To replace the lithium backup battery remove the battery cover Insert a blunt object into the circular indentation next to the battery Gently place a finger on the lithi...

Page 950: ...ed in reverse text replace the batteries as soon as possible The BUSY indicator is displayed A calculation is in progress If you want to stop the calculation press The PAUSE indicator is displayed A g...

Page 951: ...e four AAA batteries 2 Press and hold and d as you reinstall the battery 3 Continue holding and d for five seconds before releasing The Voyage 200 appears to be locked up and will not respond to keybo...

Page 952: ...en switch to the Italian Language mode the program will produce an error To avoid this error you must substitute digits for the alpha characters These digits operate in all languages This appendix con...

Page 953: ...ide 956 setMode and getMode Parameter Mode Setting Strings ALL 0 Graph 1 FUNCTION 1 PARAMETRIC 2 POLAR 3 SEQUENCE 4 3D 5 DIFF EQUATIONS 6 DisplayDigits 2 FIX 0 1 FIX 1 2 FIX 2 3 FIX 3 4 FIX 4 5 FIX 5...

Page 954: ...7 FIX 9 10 FIX 10 11 FIX 11 12 FIX 12 13 FLOAT 14 FLOAT 1 15 FLOAT 2 16 FLOAT 3 17 FLOAT 4 18 FLOAT 5 19 FLOAT 6 20 FLOAT 7 21 FLOAT 8 22 FLOAT 9 23 FLOAT 10 24 FLOAT 11 25 FLOAT 12 26 Angle 3 RADIAN...

Page 955: ...ADIAN 3 Exponential Format 4 NORMAL 1 SCIENTIFIC 2 ENGINEERING 3 Complex Format 5 REAL 1 RECTANGULAR 2 POLAR 3 Vector Format 6 RECTANGULAR 1 CYLINDRICAL 2 SPHERICAL 3 Pretty Print 7 OFF 1 ON 2 SplitSc...

Page 956: ...applications are not numbered Split2App 10 applications are not numbered Number of Graphs 11 1 1 2 2 Parameter Mode Setting Strings Graph 2 12 FUNCTION 1 PARAMETRIC 2 POLAR 3 SEQUENCE 4 3D 5 DIFF_EQUA...

Page 957: ...Appendix C Programmer s Guide 960 2 1 3 Exact Approx 14 AUTO 1 EXACT 2 APPROXIMATE 3 Base 15 DEC 1 HEX 2 BIN 3 Parameter Mode Setting Strings...

Page 958: ...r s Guide 961 setGraph setGraph setGraph setGraph Parameter Mode Setting Strings Coordinates 1 RECT 1 POLAR 2 OFF 3 Graph Order 2 SEQ 1 SIMUL 2 Grid 3 OFF 1 ON 2 Axes 4 In 3D Mode OFF 1 AXES 2 BOX 3 N...

Page 959: ...pendix C Programmer s Guide 962 ON 2 Leading Cursor 5 OFF 1 ON 2 Labels 6 OFF 1 ON 1 Seq Axes 7 TIME 1 WEB 2 Custom 3 Solution Method 8 RK 1 EULER 2 Fields 9 SLPFLD 1 DIRFLD 2 FLDOFF 3 DE Axes 10 TIME...

Page 960: ...Appendix C Programmer s Guide 963 Y1 VS Y2 2 T VS Y 3 Y VS Y 4 Y1 VS Y2 5 Y1 VS Y2 6 XR Style 11 WIRE FRAME 1 HIDDEN SRUFACE 2 CONTOUR LEVELS 3 WIRE AND CONTOUR 4 IMPLICIT PLOT 5...

Page 961: ...964 setTable setTable setTable setTable Parameter Mode Setting Strings Graph Table 1 OFF 1 ON 2 Independent 2 AUTO 1 ASK 2 Axes 4...

Page 962: ...rmation For general information For general information For general information For technical support For technical support For technical support For technical support Home Page education ti com educa...

Page 963: ...anty Duration This TI electronic product is warranted to the original purchaser for a period of one 1 year from the original purchase date Warranty Coverage This TI electronic product is warranted aga...

Page 964: ...lacement unit will continue for the warranty of the original unit or six 6 months whichever is longer Other than the postage requirement no charge will be made for such repair and or replacement TI st...

Page 965: ...y the consumer or any other user Except as expressly provided in the One Year Limited Warranty for this product Texas Instruments does not promise that facilities for the repair of this product or par...

Page 966: ...Battery Precautions Battery Precautions Battery Precautions Take these precautions when replacing batteries Do not leave batteries within the reach of children Do not mix new and used batteries Do not...

Page 967: ...ight left or right from cursor 2 C 2 D Page up or page down in editors 2 A 2 B Move cursor far left or far right c Access Greek letters see next column d comment b Copy graph coordinates to sysdata e...

Page 968: ...ations or split screens D Copy graph coordinates to sysdata F Display FORMATS dialog box H Copy graph coordinates to Home screen history N Create new variable O Open existing variable S Save copy as L...

Page 969: ...X Y Z Several lowercase letters 2 End several lowercase letters j Several uppercase letters 2 CAPS End several uppercase letters j 2 CAPS FUNCTION KEYS F6 2 F7 2 F8 2 NAVIGATION Scroll tall objects u...

Page 970: ...map KEY Place data in Home screen history H Grave 2 5 2 A a e i o u Cedilla 2 5 6 2 C c Acute 2 5 2 E a e i o u y Tilde 2 5 6 2 N a n o Caret 2 5 2 O a e i o u Umlaut 2 5 2 U a e i o u y Question mark...

Page 971: ...gate 905 subtract 902 angle 910 dot multiplication 905 dot addition 904 dot subtraction 904 dot division 905 dot power 905 divide 903 less than 604 906 insufficient display memory 229 equal 604 906 gr...

Page 972: ...804 4DD display as decimal angle 807 4Dec display as decimal integer 681 807 4DMS display as degree minute second 813 4Grad convert to Gradian angle measure 829 4Hex display as hexadecimal 681 830 4Po...

Page 973: ...ented characters 656 accuracy 941 add 901 Algebra menu 255 258 algebra operations 782 All category 31 and Boolean and 249 685 786 and picture AndPic 628 and Boolean and 249 605 685 AndPic and picture...

Page 974: ...tenate 747 790 augment concatenate augment 747 Auto mode 166 188 203 242 925 AUTO mode status 38 Automatic Power Down APD feature during calculation or program 8 in OS download mode 69 turning on afte...

Page 975: ...ns Apps 7 icons 5 Calculator Based Laboratory system connecting 68 Calculator Based Laboratory See CBL Calculator Based Ranger See CBR Calculator Based Ranger system connecting 68 calculus operations...

Page 976: ...ode ord 602 punctuation 49 special 10 17 49 655 656 658 string char 602 symbols 658 uppercase 13 uppercase lowercase 154 650 checkTmr check timer 792 circle drawing 493 graphing 86 89 circle Circle 63...

Page 977: ...ead panel 68 TI Presenter video adapter 68 Constant Memory 146 Constant Memory feature 17 constants 279 predefined 293 contact information 965 contour plots 396 400 401 DrwCtour draw contour 400 conto...

Page 978: ...CHAR menu 10 CustmOff custom toolbar off 230 803 CustmOn custom toolbar on 230 803 CUSTOM 2 F menu 56 descripton 55 key command 16 CUSTOM axes sequence 363 CUSTOM custom plots 357 434 435 CUSTOM menu...

Page 979: ...9 variables of type 705 deleting variables 143 DelFold delete folder 596 808 DelType 809 DelType command 705 DelVar delete variable 596 600 809 denominator 795 derivatives 79 first derivative d 806 fi...

Page 980: ...4DD 807 decimal integer 4Dec 681 807 degree minute second 4DMS 813 hexadecimal 4Hex 681 830 polar vector 4Polar 855 rectangular vector 4Rect 864 spherical vector 4Sphere 882 Display Digits mode 169 1...

Page 981: ...for EndFor 582 611 823 function EndFunc 587 824 if EndIf 582 606 831 loop EndLoop 614 841 program EndPrgm 128 591 856 toolbar EndTBar 621 892 try EndTry 636 892 while EndWhile 613 895 EndCustm end cus...

Page 982: ...3 examples previews activities 3D graphing 101 750 additional graphing topics 110 angle modes 81 baseball 763 CBL 2 program 761 complex factors 773 complex modulus surface 402 complex numbers 73 compl...

Page 983: ...forest 98 tutorial script with the text editor 752 variable management 138 vectors 80 examples previews activities log to any base 81 exclusive or Boolean xor 605 685 895 exclusive or picture XorPic 6...

Page 984: ...system 731 732 733 FLDOFF field off 415 424 451 fldpic field picture 419 fldres window variable 418 floor floor 749 821 floor floor 749 fMax function maximum 822 fMin function minimum 822 FnOff funct...

Page 985: ...return CBL2 CBR value 825 get return calculator GetCalc 634 727 728 825 CBL CBR value Get 568 634 CBL2 CBR value Get 825 configuration getConfg 617 825 denominator getDenom 257 826 folder getFold 596...

Page 986: ...46 353 clearing ClrGraph 475 627 677 794 contour plots 396 400 401 coordinates 87 319 custom axes 363 custom plots 357 434 435 Derivatives 331 334 346 353 differential equations 410 452 Distance 331 3...

Page 987: ...e Trace 321 628 751 761 763 766 892 tracing 87 321 324 346 353 362 381 420 two graph mode 482 483 484 506 Value 331 332 346 353 362 382 420 viewing window 313 343 351 359 379 web plots 357 363 364 win...

Page 988: ...947 implied multiplication 160 350 Independent AUTO ASK independent auto ask 459 464 independent auto ask Independent AUTO ASK 457 459 464 indirection 602 909 944 inequalities 78 infinity 277 Inflect...

Page 989: ...7 shortcuts 656 657 keys function 14 modifier 13 L label Lbl 593 609 616 Labels graph format 316 Language mode 189 926 language mode changing mode setting 19 viewing 18 last answer 153 164 217 220 las...

Page 990: ...t 790 cross product crossP 799 cumulative sum cumSum 803 difference list 838 dot product dotP 813 expression to list exp4list 818 list to matrix list4mat 838 matrix to list mat4list 843 maximum max 84...

Page 991: ...or eigVc 816 filling Fill 821 identity identity 831 list to matrix list4mat 838 locking 530 lower upper decomposition LU 842 matrix to list mat4list 843 maximum max 843 minimum min 845 new data NewDat...

Page 992: ...ONS O 50 58 menus 175 Algebra 255 258 APPLICATIONS 181 Calc 265 canceling 55 CATALOG 191 CHAR 10 17 49 Clean Up 189 Complex 257 CUSTOM 230 custom 623 626 CUSTOM 2 F 16 55 56 Extract 257 FLASH APPLICAT...

Page 993: ...1 37 61 64 FUNC function 38 get return getMode 617 827 GRAD gradian 38 Graph 187 203 304 342 349 356 377 412 graph 18 Graph 2 188 925 graph number 38 graph type 38 grayed out 18 insert 2 16 Language 1...

Page 994: ...new list 847 newMat new matrix 847 NewPic new picture 597 629 847 NewPlot new plot 556 628 847 NewProb new problem 190 848 nInt numeric integral 266 848 nmax window variable 359 nmin window variable...

Page 995: ...iped activity 750 parametric graphing 347 parentheses brackets and braces 160 943 part part 852 pass error PassErr 636 PassErr pass error 854 paste 212 653 PAUSE 39 PAUSE indicator 204 Pause pause 854...

Page 996: ...opup menu PopUp 619 PopUp popup menu 619 856 power of ten 10 912 power regression PowerReg 547 856 946 power 904 944 PowerReg power regression 547 856 946 pretty print 87 166 206 Pretty Print mode 18...

Page 997: ...582 606 607 831 end loop EndLoop 614 841 end program EndPrgm 128 591 856 end toolbar EndTBar 621 892 end try EndTry 636 892 end while EndWhile 613 895 entering 576 579 execute assembly language Exec...

Page 998: ...er fraction 256 264 755 857 PtChg point change 631 857 PtOff point off 631 857 PtOn point on 631 858 ptTest point test 631 858 PtText point text 631 858 PxlChg pixel change 631 858 PxlCrcl pixel circl...

Page 999: ...vector display 4Rect 864 reduced row echelon form rref 262 747 ref row echelon form 864 regressions 837 cubic CubicReg 546 802 945 exponential ExpReg 546 820 945 formulas 945 947 linear regression Li...

Page 1000: ...cond modifier key 2 description 13 status 38 second notation 911 selecting categories 31 send chat SendChat 727 728 870 send list variable Send 635 869 send to calculator SendCalc 634 727 728 869 Send...

Page 1001: ...PFLD slope field 415 423 448 Smart Graph 318 SocialSt social studies category 31 software version 233 Solution Method graph format 414 solution deSolve 266 444 809 solve solve 77 83 446 879 solve solv...

Page 1002: ...855 random norm randNorm 863 random number seed RandSeed 747 863 random number rand 862 Scatter plots 555 show results ShowStat 548 876 standard deviation stdDev 883 two variable results TwoVar 546 89...

Page 1003: ...y 14 sum summation 866 885 sum 266 909 support and service 965 switch switch 886 switch switch 617 symbolic manipulation 269 system data sysData 469 470 system variables 942 943 T T transpose 886 t0 w...

Page 1004: ...phing 375 409 animation 101 391 CONTOUR LEVELS 104 395 HIDDEN SURFACE 104 395 WIRE AND CONTOUR 104 395 WIRE FRAME 104 395 TI Connectivity Cable 65 716 733 737 TI ViewScreen overhead panel connecting 6...

Page 1005: ...ing on initial startup 5 TwoVar two variable results 546 two variable results TwoVar 546 893 typing file name 29 to scroll through Catalog 22 U Unarchiv unarchive variables 597 708 709 893 unarchive v...

Page 1006: ...ing to App files 28 renaming 700 reserved names 942 943 statistical 544 548 store 17 system 942 943 text 210 transmitting 716 718 722 723 unarchive Unarchiv 597 708 709 893 undefined 235 671 unknown s...

Page 1007: ...344 352 359 417 ygrid 379 ymax 313 344 351 359 379 417 941 ymin 313 344 351 359 379 417 941 yscl 314 344 352 359 417 zmax 379 zmin 379 wire and contour graphing 104 395 wire frame graphing 104 395 wi...

Page 1008: ...factors 326 328 fit ZoomFit 326 899 in ZoomIn 325 328 899 integer ZoomInt 326 899 Memory 326 329 out ZoomOut 325 328 900 previous ZoomPrev 330 900 recall ZoomRcl 330 900 square ZoomSqr 325 900 standar...

Reviews:

No comments

Brands by name

Popular brands

Load more brands