Schwing SPB 28, Operation Manual

Page: 210 / 216

118
Appendix
SPB Operation Manual
Glossary of Terms
Accumulator
A hydraulic device that stores fluid power energy in
much the same way that a capacitor stores electri-
cal energy. Because an accumulator stores energy,
it must be drained and depressurized before work
begins on an actuator or hydraulic system equipped
with an accumulator.
Agitator
A device set in the concrete hopper to keep concrete
moving, which prevents it from setting. It is typically
a rotating shaft to which several paddles have been
mounted. See also: Hopper Grate
AWS D1.1
The code for structural welding with steel, as defined
by the American Welding Society. Sections 3, 5, and
paragraph 9.25 of section 9 apply. See also: Certified
Welder and EN 287-1
Black and White
If a boom is black and white it means that the speed
of the boom is not proportional to the movement of
the joystick. Speed can only be controlled by feather-
ing of the joystick.
Blanking Plate
Also known as a blanking plug or end cap. Its pur-
pose is to prevent material from falling out of the de-
livery system (typically the end hose) when moving a
full boom over personnel or property.
Blockage
If the pump is pushing and concrete fails to come out
at the point of discharge, a blockage is the cause.
The causes of blockages are detailed in section 6.18
of this manual. Blockages can create dangerous sit-
uations by causing high concrete pressure combined
with the sometimes uncoordinated efforts of untrained
workers to remedy the problem.
Bulk Density
The mass of a substance per volume. For example, 1
cubic foot of air weighs much less than 1 cubic foot
of water. One cubic foot of lightweight concrete weighs
less than 1 cubic foot of steel-entrained concrete. We
could say that steel-entrained concrete has a higher bulk
density than lightweight concrete. All calculations for the
operation manuals and specifications of concrete pumps
are based upon 150 pounds per cubic foot, which is the
approximate mass of hard rock (normal) concrete.
Certified Operator
An operator who has been issued a certification card
by the American Concrete Pumping Association.
There are several classes of certification, each relat -
ing to a different category of pump. For an operator to
become certified, he or she must pass tests regard -
ing operation, setup, and cleanout for each category
of pump. They must also pass the safety rules test
common to all certification categories, meet the expe -
rience requirements set forth for each category, and
maintain a safe and clean driving record. Certified
operators are considered qualified operators in their
categories. See also: Expert, Qualified Operator
Certified Welder
As it relates to concrete pumping and this safety man-
ual, a Certified Welder is a person who has applied
for, taken, and passed the American Welding Society
(AWS) or the European Normal (EN) test for structur-
al steel welding. Anyone welding on a concrete pump
placing boom, outrigger, tower, or other device must
be certified to AWS D1.1 sections 3, 5, and paragraph
9.25 of section 9 and/or EN287-1/PREN288-3.
Concrete Pressure
The force per square area that is exerted on the
concrete. The concrete pressure is always a ratio in
direct proportion to the hydraulic oil pressure on the
concrete pump circuit. See also: Maximum Pressure
Conductors
Materials that conduct electricity. Copper, silver, alu-
minum, gold, steel, and water are considered good
conductors of electricity. Air, fiberglass, rubber, ce -
ramics, and glass are considered poor conductors.
All of these conductors have a resistance to the flow
of electricity, which is measured in terms of ohms per
linear foot. As voltage increases, more current flows
through the same resistance. With high-voltage elec-
tric wires—8000 volts, for example—even poor con-
ductors carry enough current through your body to
ground to kill you. (As little as 35 milliamps can cause
cardiac arrest.) Some conductors, such as air, re-
sist electricity verywell, but if the voltage gets high
enough, current will flow. (Lightning is a good exam -
ple of this.) See also: Electrocution