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104



Water Deficit Explained

Moisture Meter User Manual 4.0

Deficit vs Water Content

-20

-10

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Soil Moisture Content (m3.m-3)

it (

mm)

Available Water Capacity

is the difference between Field Capacity and Wilting

Point.

Water Deficit

is the amount of irrigation water or rainfall (mm) that has to be

added to a soil profile in order to bring it back up to field capacity.
The size of the water deficit will depend on the depth of the soil profile that it relates

to (usually taken as some function of the crop rooting depth).

This example shows

deficit versus water

content for a shallow

sandy clay loam.

Water Deficit Calculation for ThetaProbes

Water Deficit is calculated using the formula
D = R * (FWC - VWC)

where

R =

Rooting depth

FWC =

Field water capacity

VWC =

Calculated volumetric water content

Summary of Contents for HH2

Page 1: ...User Manual for the Moisture Meter type HH2 Delta T Devices Ltd Version 4 0 1 ...

Page 2: ...lated in the respective manuals for these sensors should be followed to ensure the combined system remains compliant See EMC certificate copy on page 85 Design changes Delta T Devices Ltd reserves the right to change the designs and specifications of its products at any time without prior notice User Manual Version 4 0 1 SM150 sensor added see Addendum inserted at front SM300 sensor added see Adde...

Page 3: ...ys and press Set Press Read to take a reading Temperature readings are not supported Please note The HH2 does not read ML3 temperature readings The HH2 hand held meter is intended for taking readings quickly and then moving on to another location But the temperature sensor in the ML3 takes about 30 minutes to thermally equilibrate with the surrounding soil and should ideally be buried in the soil ...

Page 4: ...d HH2Read version 2 7 or later How to upgrade your HH2 Support for ML3 is provided in version 2 7 of the HH2 firmware and version 2 7 of the PC software HH2Read Older versions of the HH2 Moisture Meter can be upgraded to work with the ML3 see HH2 upgrades section in our price list for details This requires the HH2 to be sent back to Delta T or our distributor Which version do I have To check which...

Page 5: ...ble on our website and on the Delta t Software and Manuals DVD 3 No upgrade It is possible use an ML3 with earlier versions of the HH2 meter It takes some effort You need to create a linearization table called ML3 lin in the correct format and load it into the HH2 using HH2Read The disadvantages are is the same as item 2 above plus you also have to remember to select the Device PR1 Special which i...

Page 6: ...us temperature measurements Support for the SM300 is exactly the same the support for the ML2 ML2x and SM200 described in the HH2 User Manual To select the SM300 for the next reading Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down keys and press Set Scroll down to SM300 using the up and down keys and press Set Press Read to take ...

Page 7: ...e or the Delta T Software and Manuals CD Issue 3 or later This option provides a SM300 linearisation table SM300 lin which you install into the HH2 meter using the HH2Read PC software It is not difficult Disadvantages are a the SM300 table displaces an existing table in the HH2 so the HH2 doesn t offer the SM300 in the Device menu you have to select ML1 instead b each time your HH2 battery goes fl...

Page 8: ...eadings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down keys and press Set Scroll down to SM150 using the up and down keys and press Set Press Read to take a reading How to upgrade your HH2 Support for SM150 is provided in version 2 6 of the HH2 firmware and version 2 6 of the PC software HH2Read Older versions of the HH2 Moisture Meter can be upgraded to work with t...

Page 9: ...bsite or the Delta T Software and Manuals CD Issue 5 or later This option provides a SM300 linearisation table SM150 lin which you install into the HH2 meter using the HH2Read PC software It is not difficult Disadvantages are a the SM150 table displaces an existing table in the HH2 so the HH2 doesn t offer the SM150 in the Device menu you have to select ML1 instead b each time your HH2 battery goe...

Page 10: ...itensiometers 51 Memory use 58 PC Software HH2Read 60 Dataset Import Wizard 68 CSV Data File Layout 70 About Soil Parameters a0 a1 74 Linearisation Tables Format 76 Changing the Battery 78 Care and Maintenance 81 Technical Reference 82 Warranty and Service 96 Accessories 98 Water Deficit Explained 103 Field Water Capacity Values 106 Glossary 112 Index 115 ...

Page 11: ...enter a file name and press OK About this Manual Introduction Unpacking Parts page 5 Navigating Options and Readings page 9 Turn to the separate chapters for SM200 ThetaProbes page 17 Profile Probes page 27 WET Sensors page 39 Equitensiometers page 51 The rest of the manual has sections on Memory management page 58 HH2Read page 60 Dataset Import Wizard page 68 Data File Layout page 70 About soil p...

Page 12: ...dings include the time and date for later collection from a PC Readings may be averaged Note averages cannot be stored for later collection from a PC The meter is easy to carry and operate with one hand Connectors Equitensiometers ThetaProbes SM200s and Profile Probes supplied for use with the HH2 come fitted with a 25 pin connector that plugs in directly PR2 Profile Probes have their own separate...

Page 13: ...onnect to the Moisture Meter and may also contain some or all of the following PR2 HH2 cable PRC d HH2 1 5m cable connects PR2 to HH2 SM200 HH2 cable SM2C d HH2 1 5 m cable connects SM200 to HH2 Spare battery set HH2BAT 2 x PP3 Alkaline DIN to 25 way D socket converter C HH2 DIN Din plug connected to 25 pin female D connector via a short lead Tajimi to 25 way D socket converter C HH2 T 25 way fema...

Page 14: ... PP3 battery LCD with 2 rows of 16 characters used to display menus and readings Splash proof case 25 pin D Connector for sensor connection or PC connection Keypad Read take readings Store save reading Set select menu or select option Esc wake meter or reject option go back scroll average ...

Page 15: ...eadings you may enter a unique Plot Sample or Device identity ID label Digital Sensor WET The Moisture Meter applies power to the sensor receives readings as serial data processes these as described in the WET sensor Application Note available from Delta T and calculates bulk and pore conductivity bulk permittivity and temperature as required Using installed soil calibrations the HH2 calculates wa...

Page 16: ...menu When the and symbols are displayed press the up and down keys to scroll through the options in any given menu To save Readings press Store To save Options press Set Press Read and Store to take and save readings Options Menu The symbol indicates that other options are available Data Add label for Plot ID Sample Device ID Root Depth Sensor Depth or delete all data Device Select the sensor e g ...

Page 17: ...10 Navigating Options and Readings Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 ...

Page 18: ...y defined in the Moisture Meter WET users have a choice of standard soil types and if purchased pre installed in the HH2 custom calibrations for specific commercial artificial soils such as stone wool If you want mm deficit you MUST define the Field Capacity and Root Depth for each soil type We provide a table in the back of this manual for mineral soils Organic soils are so variable you have to d...

Page 19: ... visit the Data sub menu each time you change your location to change one or more labels in order to better identify each reading later Setting the Clock You can set the clock from the PC or from the keypad of the Moisture Meter To set the time in the HH2 to that of your PC use the Settings Clock command in the HH2Read application see page 64 Alternatively you can set the clock from the keypad Not...

Page 20: ...f under device you select Equitensiometer then you will not be given a choice of Soil Type or Soil Set Up or Units The default settings in the Moisture Meter are for an ML2 ThetaProbe The next section is organised by sensing device Each has its own menu navigation tree and a table indicating the default settings available menu options and permitted ranges for settings Upload Data to PC From the ma...

Page 21: ...e asked if you want to store the reading Averaging can be done with or without storing the reading Press either Store or Esc 3 Press the hash key once to display the previous cumulative average Initially No Average is displayed 4 Press again to update the cumulative average with the current reading or Esc to back out 5 Write down the final cumulative average if you wish to retain it 6 To erase the...

Page 22: ...ing you to decide whether to store the reading Answer the question by pressing Store or Esc then press Read and it should work See items 6 7 below What you need to know about averaging 1 Averages are not stored and cannot be uploaded with readings to your PC Write them down if you want a permanent record 2 To erase the current cumulative average press Esc until you return to the main Delta T Devic...

Page 23: ...isplay readings in mV Note Profile Probes Be aware that if any of the 4 or 6 sensors in your profile probe are outside limits such as an air reading none of the 4 or 6 sensor readings will be added to the cumulative average 9 Individual averages are provided for each sensor position in Profile Probes They are not an average of all the sensors Examples 1 To read store and average several readings p...

Page 24: ...of moist soil These changes are converted into a dc voltage in mV which is then converted to soil moisture content in the HH2 using a linearisation table and soil type parameters Volumetric soil moisture content is the ratio between the volume of water present and the total volume of the sample This is a dimensionless parameter expressed either as a percentage vol or a ratio m 3 m 3 If you tell th...

Page 25: ...18 SM200 and ThetaProbes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 ...

Page 26: ...on page 22 Reading the ThetaProbe on page 25 Options Device Selects the device to be used for the next reading Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down keys and press Set Options Device Scroll down to SM200 ML1 or ML2 using the up and down keys and press Set to select one Device ML2 Press Esc to return to the start up scre...

Page 27: ...in menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Root Depth This is needed if you want soil moisture deficit mmDef under Options Display Options 0 9950 mm Default 0 Select Options Data Root Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu WARN...

Page 28: ...on by choosing the Mineral or Organic under Options Soil Type and by not choosing mm Deficit under Options Display For optimum accuracy you should obtain soil specific calibration coefficients for your soil as described in your sensor user manual Then enter these coefficients called a0 and a1 via the Soil Set Up menu See also About Soil Parameters a0 a1 on page 74 You may skip this step by choosin...

Page 29: ...Field Capacity too low Display Units Options Selects the units in which new readings are to be displayed and stored Option Description m 3 m 3 Volumetric moisture content in cubic metres of water per cubic metre of soil Vol Volumetric water content as a percentage mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm mV Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit m 3 m 3 Soil moisture deficit in mm Volumetric water c...

Page 30: ...m shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 ...

Page 31: ... type for ML1 and ML2 readings Options are Organic Mineral Soil 1 5 Soil Set Up Sets the properties of the various soil types Organic Sets Field Capacity for Organic soil 0 38 100 vol Mineral Sets Field Capacity for Mineral soil 0 38 100 vol Soil 1 5 a0 Sets a0 for Soil 1 n 49 4 1 0 50 0 a1 Sets a1 for Soil 1 n 0 1 7 0 50 0 Capacity Sets Field Capacity for Soil 1 n 0 0 38 1 m3 m 3 Display Selects ...

Page 32: ...u if you want soil moisture deficit 4 Set the Sample number optional it auto increments 5 Set the Display 6 Set the Date and Time if you have not done so for a few weeks 7 Connect the HH2 to the sensor To take Readings 1 Press Read If successful the meter displays the reading e g ML2 Store 32 2 vol 2 Scroll to view the other readings 3 Press Store to save the readings or press Esc 4 Press Read for...

Page 33: ...he end result is your data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format as shown on page 70 Then What Having got your readings safely stored on your PC what do you do with the results The CSV files can be opened in Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing A Dataset Import Wizard is provided with HH2 Read to help you Import saved data files into Excel in a much more controlled and organised wa...

Page 34: ...re the volumetric soil moisture content at 4 or 6 locations in the soil profile simultaneously Soil moisture deficit can be displayed on the HH2 if the Field Capacity and Root Depth are known Up to 1800 sets of readings can be stored from a Profile Probe The actual number depends on which options you choose Each sensor in the Profile Probe can be in a different soil horizon ...

Page 35: ...28 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 ...

Page 36: ...lso Profile Probe Options Summary page 35 Display Units Options page 33 Reading the Profile Probe page 36 Options Device Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down keys and press Set Options Device Scroll down to PR2 PR1 or PR Special and press Set Device PR2 Press Esc to return to the start up screen This sensor should now ...

Page 37: ...r and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Root Depth This is needed if you want soil moisture deficit mmDef under Options Display Options 0 9950 mm Default O Select Options Data Root Depth Select a number and press ...

Page 38: ...l Two soil types are always available Mineral and Organic You may also define five more via Soil Set Up on the Options menu Having selected a sensor or all sensors under Options Soil Type now select a soil Example To set all sensors to Organic Select Options Soil Type All Sensors Organic This will set all sensors in the Profile Probe to use the default Organic soil parameters a0 and a1 Soil Set Up...

Page 39: ...epeat the last step Field Capacity Sets the Field Capacity used for mm Deficit calculations Options 0 to 1 Default 0 38 Units m 3 m 3 If you want mm Deficit you must define the Field Capacity and Root Depth in the Options Data menu See the table for Mineral soils on page 106 Organic soils are so variable you have to determine field capacity experimentally before it makes any sense to take mm Defic...

Page 40: ...eficit in mm mV Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit m 3 m 3 Soil moisture deficit in mm Volumetric water content in m 3 m 3 mm Deficit vol Soil moisture deficit in mm Volumetric water content in m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 mV Volumetric water content in m 3 m 3 Sensor output in milliVolts Vol mV Percentage water content Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit mV Soil moisture deficit in mm Sensor output in ...

Page 41: ...sources Mem shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 ...

Page 42: ... probe Options Organic Mineral Soil 1 5 Sensors 1 6 Selects a separate soil type for each sensor Options Organic Mineral Soil 1 5 Soil Set Up Sets the properties of the various soil types Organic Sets Field Capacity for Organic soil 0 38 100 Mineral Sets Field Capacity for Mineral soil 0 38 100 Soil 1 5 a0 Sets a0 for Soil 1 n 49 9 1 0 50 0 a1 Sets a1 for Soil 1 n 0 1 7 0 50 0 Capacity Sets Field ...

Page 43: ...e Clock if you have not done so for a few weeks 6 Select the Plot and Device IDs optional 7 Set the Sample number optional it auto increments 8 Connect the HH2 to the Profile Probe To take Readings 1 Press Read If successful the meter displays the reading for example PR2 Store 34 1 vol 100mm Volumetric soil moisture 100mm below surface The meter displays the reading from the first sensor nearest t...

Page 44: ...a separated CSV format as shown on page 70 Then What Having got your readings safely stored on your PC what do you do with the results The CSV files can be loaded directly into spreadsheet packages like Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing The Dataset Import Wizard provided with HH2Read enables you to import this CSV file into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way See page Dataset...

Page 45: ...38 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 ...

Page 46: ...il moisture θ and pore water conductivity σp or ECp The WET sensor is used in precision horticulture and soil science research and is usable in both soils and a variety of artificial growing substrates such as rock wool It is unique in its ability to measure pore water conductivity which is the conductivity directly available to the plant indicating for instance the availability of nutrients in so...

Page 47: ...m 2 Mem 100 Batt 97 None mS m 1 PR1 Special Custom 3 Custom 3 Readings 250 25 C mS cm 1 EC1 2 Custom 4 Custom 4 20 C µS m 1 WET Custom 5 Custom 5 Version Firmware Water Content Stonewool v ML1 Table Percent m3 m 3 Stonewool h ML2 Table 2 0 vol or Soil name PR1 Table coir Parameter EC1 2 Calib n Note the availability of options depends on which sensor is selected peat based Capacity WET Calib n WET...

Page 48: ...s WET01020 cal 2 Connect the HH2 to your PC using the serial cable 3 Run the PC program HH2Read You need version 1 82 or later 4 Select Install Sensors Calibration WET Sensor 5 Insert the diskette containing the calibration file select it via the Open dialogue and press Return In a few minutes the program should report the calibration file successfully installed Options Device Press Set at the sta...

Page 49: ...ions Data Sample Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Root Depth This is needed if you want soil moisture deficit mmDef under Options Display Options 0 9950 mm Default O Select Options Data Root D...

Page 50: ...l h Stonewool v See WET User Manual Select Options Soil Type Select a soil and press Set Soil Set Up b0 and b1 These can only be changed for Custom Soils installed by the user Refer to your WET User manual for the significance of these settings Options b0 1 0 2 0 Default 1 0 b1 1 0 8 5 Default 7 0 Select Options Soil Set Up b0 Select a soil and press Set Parameter The soil parameter represents the...

Page 51: ...nits Water Content Scroll to your option and press Set Display Use this menu to select the different physical quantities which are to be recorded each time you press read Options WET meaning Water content pore Electrical conductivity and Temperature or WET ECb εb meaning Water content pore Electrical conductivity and Temperature plus bulk electrical conductivity and bulk permittivity or WET mmDef ...

Page 52: ...ward because 20 C and 25 C are both used as standards The temperature compensation percentage depends on the particular mixture of ions present in the pore water For example ion temperature sensitivity of EC Na 2 1 K 1 9 Ca 2 1 H 1 5 NH4 1 9 Cl 1 9 NO3 1 8 OH 1 5 P2O5 not known The values quoted are approximate for 25 C The choice of standard temperature and compensation will depend on what is com...

Page 53: ...sources Mem shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 ...

Page 54: ...l types Custom 1 n Organic Mineral Custom 1 n b0 Custom 1 n only Sets b0 for Custom 1 n 1 0 2 0 b1 Custom 1 n only Sets b1 for Custom 1 n 7 0 8 5 Parameter Sets Soil Parameter 1 0 4 1 9 0 Capacity Sets Field Capacity 0 0 38 1 m3 m 3 Units Selects the units for displaying and storing WET readings Conductivity Selects the Conductivity units Options mS m 1 mS cm 1 µS cm 1 Water Content Selects the We...

Page 55: ... and Units 7 Set the type of temperature Compensation you want if any 8 Set the Date and Time if you have not done so for a few weeks 9 Connect the HH2 to the sensor To take Readings 1 Press Read on the HH2 keypad If successful the meter displays the reading e g WET Store 8 9 vol Wet 2 Scroll to view the other readings 3 Press Store to save the readings or press Esc 4 Press Read for the next readi...

Page 56: ...do with the results The CSV files can be Opened in Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing A Dataset Import Wizard is provided with HH2 Read to help you Import data files into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way For more on the Dataset Import Wizard see page 68 Further manipulation of the data into irrigation management graphs or reports is beyond the scope of this manual Some user...

Page 57: ...50 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 ...

Page 58: ...s See also the Glossary Equitensiometer readings are normally given in kPa but the HH2 only displays the output in mV Once readings are uploaded to your PC you may derive the soil matric potential in kPa using the unique linearisation table supplied with each sensor as described in its User Manual When the Moisture Meter wants a reading it applies an excitation voltage for as long as it is needed ...

Page 59: ...52 Equitensiometers Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 ...

Page 60: ...he device to be used for the next reading Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the main Options menu Using the up and down keys scroll down to Device and press Set Options Device Scroll down to EQ2 using the up and down keys and press Set Device EQ2 Press Esc to return to the start up screen or last reading The selected EQ2 should now appear on the start up screen and re appear ...

Page 61: ...increments by one each time you store a reading Options 1 to 2000 Default 1 Select Options Data Sample Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Sensor Depth Readings can be labelled with the soil dept...

Page 62: ...nect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 Equitensiometer Options Summary Main Menu Sub Menu Values Default Factory Data Plot ID A Z last A Sample 1 2000 last 1 Device ID 0 255 last 0 Sensor Depth 0 9950 mm last 0 Erase Yes No No not applicable Device ML1 ML2 SM200 ML2 PR1 Direct PR1 Access PR1 SP Direct PR1 SP Access EQ2 Date and Time Set Date dd mm yy 01 01 2000 Set Time hh mm ss 00 0...

Page 63: ... If successful the meter displays the reading e g EQ2 Store 315 mV Reading ready for saving or deleting 2 Press Store to save the readings or press Esc 3 Press Read for the next reading Press Esc if you do not want to save the reading It will still show on the display but has not been saved Can t Store Readings The Store option becomes unavailable when memory is full or corrupted In this case uplo...

Page 64: ...o you do with the results The CSV files can be opened by Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing A Dataset Import Wizard is provided with HH2Read to help you import data files into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way For more on the Dataset Import Wizard see page 68 Further manipulation of the data into irrigation management graphs or reports is beyond the scope of this manual Some...

Page 65: ...rwise anyway To get the most readings try to group all your options together Do not worry too much about memory use the actual memory overhead of changing a single option is quite small typically 0 06 No additional penalty is incurred if you change your mind before pressing the Store button Changing a configuration only affects memory when a reading is stored If you change the configuration for so...

Page 66: ... inspect the results of your action select Options Resources Status This will display the amount of memory used and the number of sets of readings in memory What happens when the meter runs out of memory Once memory is full you can take readings but you cannot save them A message is displayed saying memory full To save further readings you should first upload the stored readings to your PC using t...

Page 67: ...utorun is enabled on your PC your CD will automatically start to lead you through the installation process If Autorun is not enabled start the install program as follows 1 From the Start menu select Settings Control Panel 2 In Control Panel select Add Remove Programs 3 In Add Remove Programs Properties select the Install Uninstall tab 4 Click Install and follow the on screen instructions The softw...

Page 68: ...r and install it on your PC Select Remote from the HH2 Options menu The HH2 should display Connecting to PC Run HH2Read on your PC The applications main window should appear as follows The software has 6 menus at the top of the application window and matching buttons within the window itself Select Settings COM1 or COM2 Test the Connection Press the Version button on the HH2Read window The followi...

Page 69: ... lower left on the HH2Read window looking something like this Typical date time display The particular date time order will reflect your computer s Regional Settings accessed from your Control Panel via the Start Settings menu Once the HH2 has successfully received and processed a command or message from the PC it will display Connected to PC The HH2 PC link is now ready Trouble Shooting If you ha...

Page 70: ... Memory Select View Memory to display the number of readings stored and the total available Available memory During any given field session the available memory depends on how many times you change the meter settings The size of the memory also depends on whether you are using a Profile Probe which contains many sensors or a device such as an ML2 with a single sensor See also Maximum Number of Rea...

Page 71: ...e and time setting for your computer is displayed in grey and the Set to System box is checked The date and time format may be different depending on the Regional Settings for your computer To accept your computer system clock date and time click on OK This resets the Moisture Meter clock to the same date and time To choose a different date or time clear the Set to System check box to disable it T...

Page 72: ...l settings for your computer system To change this open Regional Settings via the Start Menu Settings Control Panel Retrieve Menu and Button This command collects all stored readings from the Moisture Meter and saves them to file on your PC Prior to collecting the data the following Save As dialog appears If you accept the default and press Return it will save to a file called hh2read CSV in the s...

Page 73: ...hese are not lost in the event of battery failure Only install new tables to the HH2 if you wish to replace the default tables by your own custom tables e g for unusual soils 1 Connect your HH2 to your PC as described on page 61 2 Select a device e g Install Linearisation Table PR2 to display a Windows Open dialog 3 Select the required table e g PR2 Lin The table will be parsed for correctness and...

Page 74: ...HH2 to your PC as described on page 61 2 Select a device e g Install Linearisation Table WET to display a Windows Open dialog 3 Select the required table e g WET201023 Cal Once the sensor calibration is installed the HH2 will be able to display readings providing the device is selected from the keypad e g using Options Device WET Note WET sensor calibrations cannot be altered by the user Note Soil...

Page 75: ...edium or lower as follows Start Excel and select Tools Options select Security Tab Macro Security and select medium or low then ok Medium displays warning and option to disable macro before it runs To install the Wizard into Excel Select Start menu Programs HH2Read Install Dataset Import Wizard Dataset Import Wizard should report that it has installed itself The Excel File menu should now contain ...

Page 76: ...he File menu available each time you start Excel References See Dataset Import Wizard Notes for HH2 Users installed on your PC with HH2Read as a PDF file In the Examples folder under HH2Read inspect the following PR1 Example Book 1 xls shows what the wizard can do with Profile Probe data Just accepting the wizard default settings will produce time series graphs PR1 Example Book 2 xls shows how you...

Page 77: ...the Device or Display options are changed If the settings are changed then all the settings information is collected from the meter again and output to the CSV file before the subsequent reading values appear in each row This example file shows all the output for the following devices SM200 ThetaProbes types ML1 ML2 Profile Probes type PR1 PR2 Equitensiometers type EQ2 The CSV data files for the f...

Page 78: ... 275 3 64 912 5 117 400 4 102 1100 8 964 1110 8 96 300 3 96 300 3 96 938 5 493 600 4 956 0 0 0 0 325 4 32 325 4 32 961 5 891 820 5 939 0 0 0 0 350 4 76 350 4 76 982 6 321 960 6 571 0 0 0 0 375 5 29 375 5 29 1001 6 775 1040 6 96 0 0 0 0 400 5 94 400 5 94 1019 7 274 1100 7 29 0 0 0 0 425 6 75 425 6 75 1035 7 781 1150 7 61 0 0 0 0 450 7 75 450 7 75 1050 8 32 1200 7 982 0 0 0 0 475 8 96 475 8 96 1065 ...

Page 79: ... 03 2001 17 02 44 3 c 3 31 1 311 4 A 28 03 2001 17 03 44 4 d 4 31 1 311 4 A Soil Organic Mineral Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 3 Soil 4 Soil 5 A0 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 6 1 5 0 0 A1 7 7 8 4 7 7 7 7 7 Field Capacity 0 38 0 38 0 38 0 38 0 38 0 38 0 38 Device ML1 Root Depth 700 Sensor Depth 0 Soil Organic Time Sample Plot Device mV Error 28 03 2001 17 04 44 5 A 1 501 28 03 2001 17 05 44 6 B 2 501 28 03 2001 17 06 44 7 C...

Page 80: ... 19 53 08 1 0 0 507 397 0 973 451 0 494 333 0 004 26 7 Jan 00 19 53 20 2 0 0 507 397 0 973 451 0 493 332 0 004 26 7 Jan 00 19 53 30 3 0 0 505 396 0 971 451 0 493 332 0 003 26 Layout of Profile Probe Readings Note these readings are preceded by the Linearisation tables as in Data File Part 1 above Above typical layout if you open the CSV data file in Microsoft Excel File Open command These readings...

Page 81: ...alent to the square root of ε and the volumetric water content θ as follows θ ε 1 0 a a About a0 and a1 These soil specific parameters are unique for each soil type They are used with a linearisation table in the HH2 to convert the sensor output in mV into soil moisture readings mV vε 68 1 476 101 1 621 137 1 792 201 2 089 Soil Type a0 a1 Mineral 1 6 8 4 Organic 1 3 7 7 Other user user user option...

Page 82: ...d Organic soil coefficients are permanently installed in the HH2 as follows a0 a1 Mineral soils 1 6 8 4 Organic soils 1 3 7 7 These values are derived from the paper by Roth et al 1992 see below The other references below trace the validation of the method References 1 Topp G C Davis J L and Annan A P 1980 Electromagnetic determination of soil water Water Resour Res 16 3 574 582 2 Roth C H Malicki...

Page 83: ...xactly 10 characters including white space describing the table such as its name and version information to be stored in the HH2 Number of Data Points n The next line contains the number of values in the linearisation table This must be a 2 digit integer zero padded to indicate the number of data point pairs in the table It can have the value 02 to 20 mV Value n Converted Value n The remaining lin...

Page 84: ...or the Converted Values Example Linearisation Table ML1 20 0000 001 000 0068 001 476 0101 001 621 0137 001 792 0201 002 089 0458 003 154 0553 003 556 0658 004 014 0764 004 489 0933 005 416 1000 005 837 1100 008 964 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 The HH2 contains factory set linearisation tables You can upgrade or change these...

Page 85: ... your readings are safe indefinitely provided that you do disconnect your sensor and you do not disconnect your battery If you continue to use the HH2 despite the low battery warning it will eventually stop working in order to protect saved readings At this point it will not upload data to the PC To recover the data now you must change the battery Again you must connect a new battery within 30 sec...

Page 86: ...side the case Note in case of problems changing the battery it is advisable to download any readings stored in the meter before replacing the battery However if you are working away from a PC then you should have enough time to replace the battery without losing any readings The HH2 when using a new battery can take approximately 2000 SM200 ML2 or Equitensiometer readings 1400 PR2 readings before ...

Page 87: ...le of seconds for it to wake up WARNING when the meter measures the battery voltage power will be applied to any attached device Soil moisture devices supplied for use with the HH2 by Delta T are unaffected by this No support for non Delta T Devices is implied by this statement The Battery and Holder The battery must be 9V PP3 type battery do not use any other type of battery or any other power su...

Page 88: ...abrasive material or chemical cleaner These may deform the finish of the case The Keys and LCD Display The keys and LCD display are designed to withstand occasional knocks and scrapes The keys are designed for routine use over many years and the display should provide a clear image for the same period The LCD has a plastic screen to prevent some damage but a direct hit from a sharp or heavy object...

Page 89: ... from the vertical on the front face only Temperature range 0 40 C Mechanical Shock Should survive a 1m fall but there may be damage to the sealing of the unit which could cause leakage of water and subsequent failure EMC European Union EMC Directive 89 336 EEC See also Notices inside front cover page 85 Size Weight 150 x 80 x 40 mm 450g Display Panel 16 x 2 character LCD with 7 button keypad Conn...

Page 90: ... Best case PR2 6 166 782 SM200 ML1 ML2 EQ1 EQ2 227 2186 WET 204 1272 Worst Case Every possible configuration changes per reading Best Case The soil configurations and sample configurations remain static for every reading Note These figures may be out by 1 or 2 readings ...

Page 91: ...ch Delta T can provide for connecting sensors to the HH2 25 way D connector Pin Arrangement Note the pins shown here are those seen from viewing the D connector on the HH2 when holding the meter in your hand All other pins are unused They are not connected within the HH2 See also 25 pin D Socket Kit on page 99 VBAT Power out 13 25 AN1 Sensor 1 Voltage in ve XIO 0 unused digital I O 12 24 AN2 Senso...

Page 92: ...Technical Reference 85 EMC Certificate ...

Page 93: ... end You may have to try swapping with other cables or adaptors Are you using the right COM port Check which serial port is used on the PC Check that the HH2Read software is set to use that COM port Have you got the right type of RS232 cable Delta T Sales Code HHRS2 The normal RS232 cable has female connectors at each end and has crossed over lines between some pins Do not confuse these with RS232...

Page 94: ... error where possible for example restoring the default linearisation tables from ROM and resumes quasi normal operation This means that it is able to take readings and doesn t report the error any more Error code 7 on HH2Read This problem is common when the RS232 cable is pulled out of the HH2 half way through downloading readings or because the HH2 has detected an error condition with some of th...

Page 95: ... been set up with incorrect soil moisture values e g a0 and a1 values may be incorrect for this soil type If you are getting zero for mm Deficit check you have entered a value for Root Depth If you are getting a negative value for mm Deficit you may be using too low a value for Field Capacity Has the meter been set up with the correct device If you have other equipment to measure the device then d...

Page 96: ...lues by cold booting it Doing this will lose all your readings and Options settings See To Cold Boot the HH2 on page 86 Error with Profile Probe When only mm Deficit is selected only the first Error field is used by the HH2 The others stay blank If an error occurs when reading any of the sensors in a Profile Probe then the Moisture Meter reports an error on the display If you are recording mm defi...

Page 97: ... dielectric permittivity of the soil and the soil parameters a0 1 6 and a1 8 4 are used to represent a Mineral soil When ε is less than 1 6 i e in very dry soil the meter will report a negative reading This is a consequence of the fact that no two soils are exactly the same The permittivity measurement method is sufficiently good for most purposes using generic look up tables representative of a r...

Page 98: ...el again select Tools Add ins In the Add ins dialog check Dataset Import Wizard and click OK Excel reports that it is unable to find DtImpWiz xll do you want to remove it from the list Click Yes 4 Click the Dataset Import Wizard desktop icon to install the new version Note that you may now have two copies of the icon so make sure that you select the new one You might also want to delete the old on...

Page 99: ...space character Error codes in retrieved data sets Display Code Description Under rng L Under range the reading is to low Over rng H Over range the reading is too high Below tbl O A linearisation table passed to the HH2 has a value which is too low Above tbl I A linearisation table passed to the HH2 has a value which is too high Sys Error V A fault occurred in the HH2 No Sensor C Sensor not detect...

Page 100: ...rror code 7 See Error code 7 on HH2Read on page 87 Failed memory Full Failed to store readings because memory is full Failed Please erase data Failed to store readings because an error that disables the storage of reading has occurred Linearisation Table Corruption A corrupt linearization table was detected No subsequent readings can be stored Readings can still be taken using the default linearis...

Page 101: ... corrupt and you attempt to take a reading the error No Table is displayed Over range The sampled voltage value was higher than the HH2 can handle or the resultant soil moisture value was calculated to be greater than 1 As soil moisture is a ratio this is reported as too high Please Change Battery The battery voltage has dropped below the safety warning threshold of 6 6V Change your battery but fi...

Page 102: ...l Reference 95 Under range The sampled voltage value was lower than the HH2 can handle or the resultant soil moisture value was calculated to be negative As soil moisture is a ratio this is reported as too low ...

Page 103: ...free of charge or by repairing the goods free of charge at Delta T s premises in the UK during the warranty period If Delta T requires that goods under warranty be returned to them from overseas for repair Delta T shall not be liable for the cost of carriage or for customs clearance in respect of such goods However we much prefer to have such returns discussed with us in advance and we may at our ...

Page 104: ...dditional delays of a few weeks may be expected WARNING before returning a meter to Delta T you should collect any readings stored in the meter If the battery should become disconnected or run down whilst in transit to Delta T then the meter readings may be lost Technical Support Technical Support is available on Delta T products and systems Users in countries that have a Delta T Distributor or Te...

Page 105: ...25 pin female connector for HH2 type C HH2 DIN Suitable for ThetaProbe type ML2x p or Equitensiometer type EQ2 p Provides flying socket for sensor DIN plug Tajimi to 25 pin RS232 Converter 25 pin female connector for HH2 type C HH2 T Suitable for ThetaProbe type ML2x t or Equitensiometer type EQ2 t Provides socket for sensor IP68 Tajimi plug PR2 to HH2 cable 1 5 m cable connects PR2 Profile Probe ...

Page 106: ...P67 connector for use with the Moisture Meter type HH2 Note PR2 Profile Probes users converting from loggers to an HH2 should use the special PR2 to HH2 cable type PRC d HH2 not this D connector socket kit DSK1 Contents Item Notes 1 25 way D Socket Waterproof to IP67 2 Water Proof Hood IP67 3 Adhesive heat shrink To enlarge cable diameter 4 D Socket Cover To protect Socket ...

Page 107: ...s The end of the cable sheath needs to be clean to seal to the heat shrink Place the adhesive heat shrink sleeving supplied near the end of the sheath as shown With a PR1 cable leave about 8mm cable sheath protruding for the cable clamp With an ML1 or ML2 cable place the heat shrink to reach the end of the sheath Thoroughly heat the heat shrink preferably with a heat gun to shrink it and melt the ...

Page 108: ...his socket to the HH2 plug 2 Fit the cable clamp to grip the protruding cable sheath for the PR1 or the end of the heat shrink for ML1 or ML2 3 Loosen the hood screws and the back of the hood 4 Taking care not to dislodge the o ring that s just inside the hood body pull on the cable and guide the clamp into the body Stop when the clamp rests at the back of the body 5 Ensure the o ring is fully in ...

Page 109: ...nect to the Moisture Meter If assembled as above the connector should be waterproof so it can be left outdoors Avoid long term exposure of the DSK1 to bright sunlight as it may eventually degrade the hood plastic The cover pushes over the socket to prevent insects mud etc entering the sockets ...

Page 110: ... type only and typically varies between 0 1 for sandy soils up to about 0 45m 3 m 3 for clay soils Wilting Point WP is the moisture content at which a particular crop is unable to extract any more water Conventionally this is taken to correspond to a matric potential of 1500kPa but it s really much more variable than that suggests It s a property of soil type and crop type and can vary between abo...

Page 111: ...all mm that has to be added to a soil profile in order to bring it back up to field capacity The size of the water deficit will depend on the depth of the soil profile that it relates to usually taken as some function of the crop rooting depth This example shows deficit versus water content for a shallow sandy clay loam Water Deficit Calculation for ThetaProbes Water Deficit is calculated using th...

Page 112: ...or contained within the rooting depth FWC1 FWCn Field water capacity at first and n th sensors VWC1 VWCn Volumetric water content at first and n th sensors d1 dn dn 1 Depths of first n 1 th n th sensors D Additional deficit for soil below the nth sensor calculated as below If the rooting depth is less than the depth of the deepest sensor D FWCn 1 VWCn 1 R dn where R Rooting depth If the rooting de...

Page 113: ...2 2 SILTY CLAY 40 5 39 0 SILTY CLAY LOAM 38 0 36 0 CLAY LOAM 35 9 34 0 SANDY CLAY LOAM 34 0 31 0 SANDY SILT LOAM 33 5 29 9 SILT LOAM 34 5 31 0 SANDY LOAM 27 5 23 2 LOAMY SAND 22 0 17 0 SAND 13 9 8 2 Table by courtesy of Justin Smith of Turftrax Group Ltd Enter the Field Capacity of the soil closest to your soil Note These are average values Individual soils will vary dependent on particle size org...

Page 114: ...an easily deformed ball and feel smooth and silky YES Silt loam NO YES Also rough and gritty Sandy clay loam NO Also smooth and silky Clay Also rough and gritty Sandy clay Also smooth and silky Silty clay Clay loam Silty clay loam Does soil mould to form a strong ball which smears but which does not take a polish Sand Loamy sand Sandy loam Sandy silt loam Soil moulds and feels like plasticine poli...

Page 115: ... 40cms the Field Capacity can usually be interpolated relatively easily from the graph as the level of soil moisture at which drainage stops and normal evaporation and transpiration losses take over In certain soils or where drainage is restricted by a natural obstacle such as a high water table plough panning or a saturated clay substrate it will be necessary to graph the individual sensor readin...

Page 116: ...e an undisturbed soil core from each soil profile and saturate Allow to drain and when drainage has stopped weigh Measure the volume of each sample and then oven dry Finally weigh again The field capacity is equal to the difference in weights of each sample divided by its volume In Europe when drainage has stopped is determined by placing the saturated sample on dry soil or a wad of dry filter pap...

Page 117: ...verage values Individual soils will vary dependent on particle size organic matter and compaction Some irrigation consultants will advise you not to record mm deficit unless you can confidently measure and interpret your own soil s Field Capacity Available Water by Volume mm 100 mm depth Topsoil SubSoil Sand 8 5 Loamy sand 12 9 Sandy loam 17 15 Sandy silt loam 19 17 Silt loam 22 21 Clay loam 18 15...

Page 118: ...here is usually a sudden deeper extraction of water in the soil profile 3 Combined with the above two symptoms there is usually a decline in the daily water use of the crop The refill point may change through the season A potato grower interested in scab control may only want to dry down to a soil moisture deficit of 10 20 mm depending on soil type during the high scab risk period This is commonly...

Page 119: ...ntial within the equilibrium body rapidly equilibrates to that of the surrounding soils The water content of the matric material is measured directly by the ThetaProbe and this can be converted into the matric potential of the surrounding soil using the calibration curve supplied with each Equitensiometer The HH2 Moisture Meter only reads Equitensiometers in raw mV Each Equitensiometer linearisati...

Page 120: ...acity or full point ML1 ThetaProbe type ML1 Soil moisture sensor with one differential analogue output ML2 ThetaProbe type ML2 Soil moisture sensor with one differential analogue output All references to ML2 include ML2x Permittivity An physical property describing the electromagnetic behavior of a material used to determine both soil water content and conductivity PR1 Profile Probe type PR1 Soil ...

Page 121: ...y this number at any time The sample number is recorded with the next reading to be recorded not the last reading recorded The sample number auto increments wrapping around at the end after each reading is stored Note it is not incremented after each reading only when a reading is stored Wilting Point The water content of the soil below which plants cannot extract any water from the soil ...

Page 122: ...ld Boot 86 COM1 61 Com1 and Com2 64 Connectors 5 Copyright 2 CSV 70 D D Socket Kit 6 Data File Layout 70 Dataset Import Wizard 68 upgrading 70 91 date 64 Day Month Year Order 65 Description 5 DIN to 25 pin RS232 Converter 98 Display is Blank 87 DSK1 6 99 E Equitensiometers 51 erase readings 59 error 0x80041004 90 Error code 7 87 Error Messages 92 F Failed Please erase data 93 Failed memory Full 93...

Page 123: ...6 Reading the Profile Probe 36 Reading the ThetaProbe 25 Reading the WET sensor 48 Readings Format 70 Readings can t be stored 89 Readings Corrupt 87 94 Refill Point 111 Remote Link 61 RS232 84 S Saturation 103 Service 81 Service and Spares 97 Settings Corrupt 94 Sleep 8 SM200 17 Software 60 Soil Set Up 21 31 Soil Type 21 Special soil calibration tables 43 Specifications 82 Store prompt missing 87...

Page 124: ...sion 61 W Warranty and Service 96 Water Deficit 43 103 104 Water Deficit Calculation for Profile Probes 105 WET Options Summary 47 WET sensor 86 WET sensor error 86 WET Sensors 39 Wilting Point 103 Z Zero Readings 88 ...

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