Arcteq AQ 200 Series Instruction Manual Download Page 124

Page: 124 / 287

Pole mount <

100 kVA

transformer

Distribution

Mostly environmental, highest risk is

lightning hit to overhead line. If broken,

changing to new in hours is possible.

Relatively cheap.

Feeder overcurrent and earth fault protection, no separate

protection devices normally are applied.

< 500 kVA

transformer in

industrial use,

installation

indoors.

Distribution,

applications.

Overloading biggest risk, possibly cooling

if environmental conditions are dif cult. If

broken, changing to new in hours is

possible. Possible fault extension to other

parts of the network or to building should

be reduced. Relatively cheap.

Feeder overcurrent and earth fault protection, fuses to limit the

possible short circuit current.

>500 kVA <2

MVA

Distribution,

applications,

motors, small

generators.

Overload, overvoltage, transients,

cooling. If broken changing to new is a

bigger problem. Not so cheap, xing

could be considered if fault occurs.

Monitoring is important due to most

probably failure causes more costly

problem than the monitor.

Overcurrent and earth fault protection. Fuses could be

considered for short circuit current. Dedicated pressure guard

(Buchholz gas relay), overload protection with winding

temperature monitors. If transformer is oil insulated then oil level

monitor should be applied.

>2MVA <100

MVA

Distribution,

generation,

sub

transmission

<130 kV.

Overload, overvoltage, transients,

cooling, environmental. If broken

changing to new is bigger problem,

normally off-line time long and

replacement dif cult. Relatively

expensive, wide area effect if fails no

matter where installed, in transmission,

distribution or generation. Monitoring very

important as well as fast fault clearing and

limiting the transformer internal fault time.

Differential overcurrent and earth fault protection, back-up

overcurrent and earth fault protection. Tap changer protection,

Dedicated pressure guard (Buchholz gas relay), overload

protection with numerical and winding temperature monitors. If

transformer is oil insulated then oil level monitor should be

applied. Monitoring of loading and oil ageing estimations. If

transformer has forced cooling, monitor and protection for

cooling systems should be applied. Protections and monitoring

to multifunction relay and back-up, overcurrent –earthfault to

dedicated relays.

>100 MVA

Transmission

> 130 kV

Overload, overvoltage, transients,

cooling, environmental. If broken

changing to new is bigger problem,

normally off-line time long and

replacement dif cult. Extremely

expensive, wide area effect if fails no

matter where installed, in transmission,

distribution or generation. Monitoring very

important as well as fast fault clearing and

limiting the transformer internal fault time.

Redundant differential overcurrent and earth fault protection,

redundant back-up overcurrent and earth fault protection. Tap

changer protection, Dedicated pressure guard (Buchholz gas

relay), overload protection with numerical and redundant winding

temperature monitors. Oil level monitor should be applied.

Monitoring of loading and oil ageing estimations. If transformer

has forced cooling, monitor and protection for cooling systems.

Separated control, monitoring and protection relays.

Transformer faults are many, to mention few most likely causes to faults are dirty, watered or old

transformer oil, oil leaking from the tank, prolonged and multiple heavy overloading and faults in cooling

systems. These reasons can cause transformer windings earth faults, interturn faults or even phase to

phase faults.

Why differential protection is needed in transformer protection?

Transformer differential function is based into calculation of ingoing and outgoing current difference,

e.g. in normal operating status of the transformer the power which goes in must come out as well. If

this is not the case, transformer has an internal fault which should be de-energized as soon as possible

to avoid extensive damage to the transformer. Mostly can be said that if differential function operates

the transformer which is faulty is going to be offline for a long time, if the fault is de-energized fast that

can still save a lot of money since in most cases the transformer can be still repaired, and the cost is

signi cantly lower than buying a new transformer. Exceptions to this are faults which occur in the

differential protection zone but outside of the transformer like in the bus or cables connected into the

transformer. Faults of this type are easily repaired, and the transformer can be energized quickly after

the fault is cleared.

AQ-T216
Instruction manual

Version: 2.00

123

Summary of Contents for AQ 200 Series

Page 1: ...AQ T216 Transformer protection IED Instruction manual ...

Page 2: ...nt I 50 51 5 4 3 Non directional earth fault I0 50N 51N 5 4 4 Current unbalance I2 46 5 4 5 Harmonic overcurrent Ih 50H 51H 68H 5 4 6 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF 5 4 7 Restricted earth fault cable end differential REF I0D 87N 5 4 8 Transformer status monitoring TRF 5 4 9 Transformer thermal overload protection TT 49TR 5 4 10 Transformer differential Idb Idi I0dhv I0dLv 87T 87N 5 4...

Page 3: ...Measurements 9 1 1 1 Current measurement 9 1 1 2 Frequency measurement 9 1 2 CPU Power supply 9 1 2 1 Auxiliary voltage 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports 9 1 2 3 CPU Binary inputs 9 1 2 4 CPU Binary outputs 9 1 3 Option cards 9 1 3 1 Binary input module 9 1 3 2 Binary output module 9 1 3 3 Arc protection module 9 1 3 4 mAout mAin module 9 1 3 5 RTD mA input module 9 1 3 6 RS232 Serial ber communicat...

Page 4: ...former supervision CTS 9 2 3 2 Disturbance recorder DR 9 2 3 3 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW 9 2 3 4 Total harmonic distortion THD 9 3 Tests and environmental 10 Ordering information 11 Contact and reference information AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 3 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 5: ...extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not ful l the aforementioned requirements Furthermore the manufacturer shall not be liable for possible errors in this document Please note ...

Page 7: ...vision 1 01 Date 26 1 2015 Changes Added double LC 100Mb Ethernet module and RS232 Serial ber module hardware descriptions Added system integration text SPA Replaced Positive and negative sequence overvoltage with sequence voltage function Order code updated Revision 1 02 Date 30 5 2015 Changes Added PCB and Terminal options to order code table Revision 1 03 Date 30 8 2016 Changes Added password s...

Page 8: ...ardware IED Intelligent electronic device IO Input output LED Light emitting diode LV Low voltage MV Medium voltage NC Normally closed NO Normally open RMS Root mean square SF System failure TMS Time multiplier setting TRMS True root mean square VAC Voltage alternating current VDC Voltage direct current SW Software uP Microprocessor AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 7 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 9: ...ept The hardware modules are assembled and con gured according to the application IO requirements and the software determines the available functions This manual describes the speci c application of the AQ T216 Transformer Protection IED For other AQ 200 series products please consult corresponding device manuals AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 8 ...

Page 10: ...or Start con gurable and Trip con gurable 16 freely con gurable LEDs with programmable legend texts 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with Ctrl button control breaker with 0 and I push buttons L R push button for switching between local and remote control modes 7 Navigation buttons for IED local programming and a button for password activation RJ 45 Ethernet port for IED con ...

Page 11: ... Measurements and Monitoring Available menus vary depending on IED type You can choose the main menu by using the four arrow keys and press enter Figure 4 2 1 2 Basic navigation Cancel Back key takes you one step back or holding it down for 3 seconds takes you back to general menu Cancel key is also used for resetting user alarm LEDs Padlock button takes user to password menu where it is possible ...

Page 12: ...e individually in info menu of each stage Language selection all available languages here English as default Clear devices events LCD contrast level and setting 0 255 120 as default Reset latched signals Protection Control Monitor pro le Displays the status of enabled functions 4 4 Protection menu Protection menu includes Stage activation sub menu and sub menus for different protection functions l...

Page 13: ...ent protection stages is done in Stage activation sub menu Each protection stage and supporting function is disabled as standard Activated menus will appear below the stage speci c sub menu for example I appears below Current module U appears below Voltage module etc EXAMPLE PROTECTION STAGE AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 12 ...

Page 14: ...re 4 4 7 Stage navigation and modi cation Each protection stage and supportive function has ve stage menus Info Settings Registers IO and Events AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 13 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 15: ...art or Trip Measured amplitude can be Peak to peak TRMS or RMS As a default it is set as RMS Under Characteristic graphs title you can open graphs related to the protection function Info view has calculator for function starts trips and blockings It is possible to clear calculators by choosing Clear statistics and Clear Measurements are visible in Info menu Active setting group and its settings ar...

Page 16: ... vary according different protection functions With factory settings only one group of eight is activated To enable more groups go to Control menu and select Setting Groups Figure 4 4 10 Stage information is divided into two sections AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 15 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 17: ... tripping signals of protection stages are connected to physical outputs in Direct Output Control menu It is possible to connect to output relay or to start trip or user con gurable LED In case when stage is internally blocked DI or other signal it is possible to con gure an output to indicate that stage is blocked Connection to outputs can be either latched x or non latched x Stage blocking is do...

Page 18: ...list Events cannot be cleared Stage activation Figure 4 4 13 Stage activation sub menu Activation of different protection stages is done in Stage activation sub menu Each protection stage and supporting function is disabled as standard Activated menus will appear below the stage speci c sub menu for example I appears below Current module U appears below Voltage module etc AQ T216 Instruction manua...

Page 19: ...n stage Figure 4 4 14 Stage navigation and modi cation Each protection stage and supportive function has ve stage menus Info Settings Registers IO and Events AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 18 ...

Page 20: ...eak to peak TRMS or RMS As a default it is set as RMS Available measured amplitudes vary Under Characteristic graphs title you can open graphs related to the protection function Info view has calculator for function starts trips and blockings It is possible to clear calculators by choosing Clear statistics and Clear Measurements are visible in Info menu Active setting group and its settings are al...

Page 21: ...dually in Settings menu Stage settings vary according different protection functions With factory settings only one group of eight is activated To enable more groups go to Control menu and select Setting Groups AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 20 ...

Page 22: ...ch of these 12 logs includes pre fault current fault current time stamp and active group during the triggering Operation log can be cleared by choosing Clear registers Clear Events generated by the speci c stage can be checked by going to Stage event register General events cannot be cleared AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 21 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 23: ...urable LED In case when stage is internally blocked DI or other signal it is possible to con gure an output to indicate that stage is blocked Connection to outputs can be either latched x or non latched x Stage blocking is done in Blocking Input Control menu Blocking can be done by using digital inputs logical inputs or outputs stage start trip or blocked information or by using object status info...

Page 24: ... Only masked events appear to event list Events cannot be cleared 4 5 Control menu Control menu includes Controls Enabled sub menu and sub menus for different control functions like Setting Groups Objects Control Functions and Device IO Valid control functions vary according IED type Figure 4 5 20 Control menu view Functions vary according IED type AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 23 Arcteq...

Page 25: ...splays the current active setting group 1 8 It is possible to activate desired setting group by setting Force SG While doing this Force SG change has to be enabled In Used setting groups menus it is possible to activate setting groups between 1 and 1 8 default only 1 group is active Select local control for different setting groups from SG Local Select Digital inputs Logical inputs or outputs stag...

Page 26: ...p changing with pulse control only or with pulses and static signal Objects Figure 4 5 24 Object controlling Each activated object is visible in Objects menu As default all objects are disabled Each active object has four setting menus settings application control registers and events AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 25 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 27: ...tween open and closed where both status inputs are equal to zero 0 When both status inputs of the cart are one 1 the withdrawn status is Bad Additional status information gives feedback from the object whether the opening and closing is allowed or blocked whether the object is ready or the synchronization status is ok Activate Use Synchrocheck or Use Object Ready Closing the object is forbidden if...

Page 28: ...er access level password has to be ful lled As default the access level is set to Con gurator For object local and remote controlling digital inputs can be used Remote controlling via bus is con gured in protocol level Figure 4 5 26 Object output and block signal setting Object statuses can be connected directly to physical outputs in Signal Connections menu which is sub menu to APP CONTR menu It ...

Page 29: ...8 Stage navigation and modi cation Each enabled control function is listed below Control Functions menu Every function includes same sub menus as protections stages including Info Settings Registers IO and Events AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 28 ...

Page 30: ...n gurable LEDs in Device IO matrix Figure 4 5 30 IED Binary Inputs menu All settings related to binary inputs can be found under the Binary Inputs menu Binary inputs Settings menu includes polarity selection for the input normal open or normal closed activation 16 200 VAC DC step 0 1V and release 10 200 VAC DC step 0 1V threshold voltage for each available input and activation delay 0 1800 s step ...

Page 31: ...enu As default polarity is normal open Operation delay of output contact is around 5 milliseconds Description text for Binary output is con gured in Binary Output Descriptions menu Name change affects to Matrixes and input or output selection lists Names have to be con gured online or updated to the IED via setting le NOTE Normal closed signal goes to default position normal open in case the relay...

Page 32: ...ttings In LED Description Settings menu the label text of the LED can be modi ed This label is visible in LEDs quick displays and matrixes LED color can be chosen between green and yellow in LED Color Settings menu As default the color is green AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 31 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 33: ...bled Latched signal stays active until the triggering signal dis activates and latched function is cleared Clearing latched signals is committed at the mimic display by pressing cancel back key Figure 4 5 34 Programmable Control Switch Programmable control switches PCS are switches that can be used to control signals in mimic view These signals can be used in various situations controlling logic p...

Page 34: ...the logic gate it is possible to create an event of the gate activation Logical inputs and outputs have on and off events those can be masked on off as default NOTE System integration chapter gives more details of use of the logical signals 4 6 Communication menu Communication menu includes Connections and Protocols sub menus IEDs can be con gured through rear Ethernet by using AQtivate setting an...

Page 35: ...IED does not have any serial protocol activated None but IEC103 ModbusIO and Modbus RTU can be used for communication Note When communicating with IED via front Ethernet port the IP address is always 192 168 66 9 Protocols menu Figure 4 6 37 Protocols menu SNTP protocol is used for time synchronization over Ethernet It can be used at the same time with ModbusTCP and IEC61850 protocols ModbusTCP ca...

Page 36: ...s set in Transformers sub menu Phase CT scaling Residual I01 and Residual I02 CT scaling determines the ratio of used transformers According to IED type it is possible to have voltage transformer scaling and other similar in transformers menu Some IEDs like S214 won t necessarily have CTs or VTs at all Among ratio settings the nominal values are determined in Transformers menu as well Sometimes it...

Page 37: ...ent menu Measurement menu includes sub menus for different Current and Voltage measurements Individual measurements can be found for each phase or phase to phase measurement Sub menus are divided into four groups which are Per Unit Primary Secondary and Phase Angle Per unit group has values for fundamental component TRMS amplitude and power THD and peak to peak values Primary group has values for ...

Page 38: ...and Phase Angle Each group has calculation for positive negative and neutral sequence components Figure 4 7 42 Harmonics view Harmonics menu displays voltage and current harmonics from fundamental component up to 31th harmonic It is possible to select whether each component is displayed as Absolute or Percentage and as primary or secondary amps or per unit values PHASORS AQ T216 Instruction manual...

Page 39: ...d primary amplitudes are shown Phasors are handy when it comes to solving incorrect wiring issues 4 8 Monitoring menu Monitoring menu includes Monitoring Enabled Monitoring Functions Disturbance REC and Device Diagnostics sub menus Valid Monitor functions vary according IED type Figure 4 8 44 Monitoring menu view Monitor functions vary according IED type MONITORS ENABLED Figure 4 8 45 IED Monitors...

Page 40: ...tion is disabled as standard Activated menus will appear in the Monitor functions sub menu MONITOR FUNCTIONS Figure 4 8 46 IED function modi cation Con guring monitor functions is very similar to con guring protection stages DISTURBANCE REC AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 39 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 41: ...recording in memory can be checked Nothing is triggering the recorder as standard It is possible to choose binary input logical input or output start trip or block signal of stage object position and many other signals to trigger the recorder Recording length is settable between 0 1 1800 seconds Recording mode is either First in First out or Keep Olds Sample rate of analogue channels is 8 16 32 62...

Page 42: ...litudes and currents calculated signals TRMS values sequence components inputs and outputs and much more DEVICE DIAGNOSTICS Figure 4 8 48 Device diagnostics menu Device Diagnostics gives detailed feedback of the IED condition generally and whether option cards are installed correctly without problems In case anything abnormal is noticed in Device diagnostics menu and it cannot be reset please cont...

Page 43: ...ng return key while the lock is selected If you need to change the password you can select the key icon again and give a new password Please note that in order to do this the user level must be unlocked The required access level required to change a parameter is indicated with star symbol if such is required As a general rule the access levels are divided as follows User Can view any menus and set...

Page 44: ...l currents separate stages 4 stages CBFP1 CBFP 50BF 52BF Breaker failure protection DIF1 Idb Idi 87T Transformer differential function Biased and non biased stages REF1 REF2 I0d I0d 87N Low or high impedance restricted earth fault cable end differential protection TOLT1 TT 49T Transformer thermal overload protection TRF TRF Transformer status monitoring function RTD1 RTD 49T Resistance Temperature...

Page 45: ...y circuit and through primary side of the current transformer SEC Secondary current the current which the current transformer transforms according to its ratios This current is measured by the protection IED NOM Nominal primary current of the protected transformer Nominal current differs on the HV and LV side according to the transformer voltage ratio Nominal current is calculated based on transfo...

Page 46: ...er the current transformer primary secondary and machine nominal currents are known Figure 5 2 1 50 Nominal current calculation in differential protection relay Normally the primary current ratings for phase current transformers are from 10A to thousands of Amps and their decimal multiples while normal secondary current ratings are 1 and 5A Other non standard ratings can be directly connected too ...

Page 47: ... that P1 S1 side of the CTs are always wired to the odd inputs of the relay CT module the Differential calculation mode under the Protection TrafoModule Idx 87T 87N Settings has to be set as Subtract Due to this the direction of measured currents are checked correctly from the relay perspective Initial data of the connection and the ratings are presented in following table AQ T216 Instruction manu...

Page 48: ...aracteristics menu which is located under the protection main menu CT module 1 and 2 ratio can be set directly under the same menu or optionally under Measurement Transformers menu Per unit PU scaling is automatically set as xed to Object In p u in all machine protection relays and it cannot be changed Figure 5 2 1 52 Phase current transformer scaling to machine nominal As it can be seen in the gu...

Page 49: ...hould be set to phase current CT ratings 100 5A Figure 5 2 1 53 Residual current I01 scaling to summing connection For the sensitive residual current I02 measurement the CT primary and secondary currents are set directly as rated currents 250 1A Figure 5 2 1 54 Residual current I02 scaling to ring core CT input CT scaling example application 2 The connection of CTs to the IED measurement inputs an...

Page 50: ...lculation mode under the Protection TrafoModule Idx 87T 87N Settings has to be set as Add The difference to the rst application is that here the CTs are pointing towards the protected object instead of pointing through it Initial data of the connection and the ratings are presented in following table Table 5 2 1 5 Initial data from example connection Machine nominal power 153MVA Machine high volta...

Page 51: ...r unit value with Phase CT secondary side current it is possible to get the nominal secondary current of transformer as Amperes This current can be used when the unit is commissioned and the directions of CTs are checked In application 2 it is necessary to inject higher amplitudes to the CTs via secondary injection tool to reach the nominal currents See an example calculation below Settings Table ...

Page 52: ...ary IED feedback value scaling factor from p u value to secondary current Table 5 2 1 7 Settings of the residual I01 CT scaling Name Range Step Default Description I01 CT primary 1 5000 0A 0 1A 100 0A Rated primary current of the CT in amperes I01 CT secondary 0 2 10 0A 0 1A 5 0A Rated secondary current of the CT in amperes I01 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 I01 coarse residual measurement channel polarity...

Page 53: ...current inputs Table 5 2 1 13 Per unit residual current measurements Name Range Step Description Residual current I01 0 00 1250 0xIn 0 01xIn Per unit measurement from residual current channel I01 fundamental frequency RMS current Residual current I02 0 00 1250 0xIn 0 01xIn Per unit measurement from residual current channel I02 fundamental frequency RMS current Calculated I0 0 00 1250 0xIn 0 01xIn ...

Page 54: ...0 360 00deg 0 01deg Residual current angle measurement of the I01 current input Residual current angle I02 0 00 360 00deg 0 01deg Residual current angle measurement of the I02 current input Calculated I0 phase angle 0 00 360 00deg 0 01deg Calculated residual current angle measurement Table 5 2 1 17 Per unit sequence current measurements Name Range Step Description Positive sequence current 0 00 12...

Page 55: ... 0A 0 01A Per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for current input IL3 I01 Harmonics I01 fund I01 31harm 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for current input I01 I02 Harmonics I02 fund I02 31harm 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for current input I02 5 2 2 Frequency tracking and scaling Measuremen...

Page 56: ...ignal frequency For this reason the magnitude and angle measurements need to be calibrated against frequency For this purpose measured channels FFT result fundamental frequency component is corrected for magnitude and angle errors by Arcteq AQ 2xx series patented calibration algorithms Troubleshooting It is possible that for some reason the measured currents may not be as expected For these cases ...

Page 57: ...usly tracked frequency or user set nominal frequency Use nom freq until 0 1800 000s 0 005s 0 100s Setting how long nominal frequency is used when starting tracking Setting is valid if tracking mode is active and start behavior is Use nom or tracked Tracked F CHA 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel A tracked frequency rough value Tracked F CHB 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel B tracked frequ...

Page 58: ...rn to default view automatically If time is set to 0s this feature is not in use 0 3600s 10s 0s Reset latches Resets latched signals in the logic and matrix When reset command is given the parameter will return back to automatically 0 1 Reset 0 Measurement recorder Enables Measurement recorder tool Measurement recorder is con gured in Tools Misc Measurement recorder 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled...

Page 59: ...igital environment with protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transferred to digital form Figure 5 4 1 56 Principle diagram of protection relay platform AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 58 ...

Page 60: ...constantly calculates the ratio between the user set pick up parameter and measured magnitude Im Reset ratio of 97 is inbuilt in the function and is always related to the Xset value If function pick up characteristics vary from this description it is de ned in the function part of the manual Figure 5 4 1 57 Pick up and reset characteristics of the function The pick up activation of the function is...

Page 61: ...l when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for trip signal and for the release of the func...

Page 62: ...ented in gure above Delay curve series IEC IEEE IEC Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Delay curve series for IDMT operation following either IEC or IEEE ANSI standard de ned characteristics Delay characteristics IEC NI EI VI LTI Param NI Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT IEC standard delay characteristics Normally Inverse Extremely In...

Page 63: ... to IDMT Constant A for IEC IEEE characteristics B 0 0000 5 0000 0 0001 0 1850 Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Constant B for IEC IEEE characteristics C 0 0000 250 0000 0 0001 0 0200 Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Constant C for IEEE characteristics Figure 5 4 1 60 Inverse operating time formulas for IEC and IEEE standards AQ T21...

Page 64: ...Figure 5 4 1 61 De nite time operating characteristics AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 63 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 65: ...Figure 5 4 1 62 IEC prede ned characteristics NI VI LTI and EI AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 64 ...

Page 66: ...Figure 5 4 1 63 IEEE ANSI prede ned characteristics EI LTI NI and VI AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 65 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 67: ...Figure 5 4 1 64 IEEE prede ned characteristics EI MI and VI AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 66 ...

Page 68: ... also have delay characteristics that deviate from the IEC or IEEE standards These functions are Overcurrent stages Residual overcurrent stages Directional overcurrent stages and Directional residual overcurrent stages The setting parameters and their ranges are documented in the function blocks respective chapters AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 67 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 69: ...ers if delayed pick up release is active Delayed Pick up release No Yes Yes Resetting characteristics selection either time delayed or instant after pick up element is released If activated the start signal is reset after set release time delay Time calc reset after release time No Yes Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after set...

Page 70: ...Figure 5 4 1 66 No delayed pick up release Figure 5 4 1 67 Delayed pick up release delay counter is reset at signal drop off AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 69 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 71: ...69 Delayed pick up release delay counter value is decreasing during the release time Resetting characteristics can be set according to the application Default setting is delayed with 60 ms and the time calculation is held during the release time AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 70 ...

Page 72: ...l operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Non directional overcurrent function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on instant or time delayed mode In time del...

Page 73: ...L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms Selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variat...

Page 74: ...onal overcurrent protection includes internal inrush harmonic blocking option which is applied by user set parameter If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation Table 5 4 2 32 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Description Range Step Default Inrush Harmonic Bloc...

Page 75: ...s of the NOC function instances Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 1280 20 NOC1 0 Start ON 1281 20 NOC1 1 Start OFF 1282 20 NOC1 2 Trip ON 1283 20 NOC1 3 Trip OFF 1284 20 NOC1 4 Block ON 1285 20 NOC1 5 Block OFF 1286 20 NOC1 6 Phase A Start On 1287 20 NOC1 7 Phase A Start Off 1288 20 NOC1 8 Phase B Start On 1289 20 NOC1 9 Phase B Start Off 1290 20 NOC1 10 Phase C St...

Page 76: ... 9 Phase B Start Off 1418 22 NOC3 10 Phase C Start On 1419 22 NOC3 11 Phase C Start Off 1420 22 NOC3 12 Phase A Trip On 1421 22 NOC3 13 Phase A Trip Off 1422 22 NOC3 14 Phase B Trip On 1423 22 NOC3 15 Phase B Trip Off 1424 22 NOC3 16 Phase C Trip On 1425 22 NOC3 17 Phase C Trip Off 1472 23 NOC4 0 Start ON 1473 23 NOC4 1 Start OFF 1474 23 NOC4 2 Trip ON 1475 23 NOC4 3 Trip OFF 1476 23 NOC4 4 Block ...

Page 77: ...operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Non directional overcurrent function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on instant or time delayed mode In time delay...

Page 78: ...rement input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms I0Calc Fundamental RMS value of the calculated zero sequence current from the three phase currents 5 ms Selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations pre fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms of Start ...

Page 79: ...nt activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation Table 5 4 3 38 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Description Range Step Default Inrush Harmonic Blocking Internal Only Trip 2nd harmonic blocking enable disable 0 No 1 Yes No 2nd Harmonic Block Limit Iharm Ifund 2nd harmonic blocking limit 0 10 50 00 Ifund 0 01 Ifund 0 01 Ifund ...

Page 80: ...730 27 NEF2 2 Trip ON 1731 27 NEF2 3 Trip OFF 1732 27 NEF2 4 Block ON 1733 27 NEF2 5 Block OFF 1792 28 NEF3 0 Start ON 1793 28 NEF3 1 Start OFF 1794 28 NEF3 2 Trip ON 1795 28 NEF3 3 Trip OFF 1796 28 NEF3 4 Block ON 1797 28 NEF3 5 Block OFF 1856 29 NEF4 0 Start ON 1857 29 NEF4 1 Start OFF 1858 29 NEF4 2 Trip ON 1859 29 NEF4 3 Trip OFF 1860 29 NEF4 4 Block ON 1861 29 NEF4 5 Block OFF In the register...

Page 81: ...d only by user input in the setup phase of the function Non directional unbalance function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on instant or time delayed mode In time delayed mode the operation can be switched to de nite time or IDMT mode For IDMT operation IEC and ANSI standard time delays are supported as well...

Page 82: ... ms of Start or Trip event General settings The following general settings de ne the general behavior of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible change them with setting group switching Name Description Range Step Default Meas side De nes which current measurement module is used by the function Visible if unit has more than one current measurement module 1 Side1 2 Side2 1 Sid...

Page 83: ...gnals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for trip signal and also for the release of the function in case the pick up element is reset before the trip time has been reached There are...

Page 84: ...two sandards Delay characteristics IEC NI EI VI LTI Param NI Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT IEC standard delay characteristics Normally Inverse Extremely Inverse Very Inverse and Long Time Inverse characteristics Param selection allows the tuning of the constants A and B which allows setting of characteristics following the same formula as the IEC curves mentione...

Page 85: ...n disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element reset Continue time calculation during release time No Yes No Time calculation characteristics selection If activated the operating time counter is continuing until set release time even the pick up element is reset Resetting characteristics can be set according to the application Default setting is delayed with 60 m...

Page 86: ...g feeder lter and machine applications of utilities and industry The number of available instances of the function depends of the IED model Function measures constantly selected measurement channels selected harmonic component either on absolute value or relative to the fundamental frequency component Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the functio...

Page 87: ...the HOC function Figure 5 4 5 73 Simpli ed function block diagram of the HOC function Measured input values Function block uses analog current measurement values from the phase currents or residual currents For each measurement input the HOC function block utilizes the fundamental frequency and harmonic components of the selected current input and by user selection the monitored magnitude can be e...

Page 88: ...Range Step Default Description Ih meas side De nes which current measurement module is used by the function Visible if unit has more than one current measurement module 1 Side1 2 Side2 1 Side1 Harmonic selection 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic 17th harmonic 19th harmonic 2nd harmonic Selection of the monitored ...

Page 89: ...current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time ...

Page 90: ... L2 L3 Start average current Trip 20 ms averages Start 200 ms averages 0ms 1800s 1 8 5 4 6 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP function is used for monitoring the circuit breaker operation after it has been tripped CBFP function can be used for Retrip to the failing breaker and if the Retrip fails the upstream breaker can be tripped by using CBFP ou...

Page 91: ...ovides also cumulative counters for RETRIP CBFP CBFP START and BLOCKED events In the following gure is presented the simpli ed function block diagram of the CBFP function Figure 5 4 6 74 Simpli ed function block diagram of the CBFP function Measured input values Function block uses analog current measurement values Function uses always the fundamental frequency magnitude of the current measurement...

Page 92: ...e is common for all measured phases and single dual or all phases Im exceed of the Iset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 6 54 Operating mode and input signals selection Name Range Step Default Description I0Input Not in use I01 I02 I0Calc Not in use Selection of the residual current monitoring from the two separate residual measurements I01 and I02 or from phase current...

Page 93: ...User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics The operating timers behavior of the function is set depending of the application Both timers are started from the same pick up signal which means that in case Retrip is used the t...

Page 94: ...il of the breaker from the trip output of the IED Retrip is wired in parallel from its own output contact in the IED to the second tripping coil of the circuit breaker CBFP signal to upstream is wired normally from its output contact in the IED to the upstream incomer breaker In following are few operational cases presented regarding to the different applications AQ T216 Instruction manual Version...

Page 95: ...imary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit rst is issued retrip and if the current is not decreased in time also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counters for retrip and CBFP are reset immediately the current is measu...

Page 96: ...stantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset rst is issued retrip and if the current is not decreased in time also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counters for retrip and CBFP are reset im...

Page 97: ...t decreased under the setting limit or the trip signal from primary stage is not reset In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the conditions is active also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counters for retrip and CBFP are re...

Page 98: ...e the circuit breaker trip coil is controlled with the IED trip output and CBFP is controlled with one dedicated CBFP contact In following are few operational cases presented regarding to the different applications and settings of the CBFP function AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 97 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 99: ...ng time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counter for CBFP are reset immediately the current is measured below the threshold settings AQ T216 Instruction...

Page 100: ... protection stage is constantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counter for CBFP is reset immediately the current is measured below the threshold setti...

Page 101: ...t In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the conditions is active also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counter for CBFP is reset immediately the current is measured below the threshold settings and the trip signal is reset ...

Page 102: ... signal is used for CBFP purpose only In this application the retrip and also CBFP to upstream are also available for different types of requirements Retrip signal can be used for the section incomer breaker tripping and CBFP for the upstream breaker tripping In this example no retripping is utilized and CBFP signal is used for the incomer trip from the outgoing breaker trip signal The trip signal...

Page 103: ...le faults CBFP protection Events and registers The CBFP function generates events and registers from the status changes of Retrip CBFP activated and blocked signals as well as from the internal pick up comparators To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages Function includes 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function Retrip CBFP activated or blocked is re...

Page 104: ...n CED mode the function provides natural measurement unbalance compensation to have higher operating sensitivity for monitoring cable end faults REF function constantly monitors phase currents and selected residual current instant values as well as calculated bias current and differential current magnitudes Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the f...

Page 105: ...ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I01 5 ms I02RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I02 5 ms IL1Ang Fundamental angle of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2 Ang Fundamental angle of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3 Ang Fundamental angle of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01 Ang Fundamental angle of residual input I01 5 ms ...

Page 106: ... currents can be set to match the application Default setting is Add which means that I0calc I01 or I02 in through fault yields 0 of differential current Bias current calc 0 3Io IoCalc 2 1 max 3Io I0calc Residual current Selection of bias current calculation Either maximum of all measured currents or calculated residual current can be used for the differential characteristics biasing Residual curr...

Page 107: ...e Characteristics settings are calculated as follows Function blocking In the blocking element the blocking signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a Trip signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time character...

Page 108: ...ariables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time typical applications for this function are presented in the following gures Figure 5 4 7 87 Cable end differential with natural unbalance in the phase current measurement When calculating the residual current from phase curren...

Page 109: ...faults For this purpose restricted earth fault function is stabile since it monitors only the side it is wired to and compares the calculated and measured residual currents In case of outside earth fault the circulating residual current in the faulty phase winding is not causing tripping because the comparison of measured starpoint current and calculated residual current differential is close to z...

Page 110: ...Event Code Description 4224 66 REF1 0 REF Trip On 4225 66 REF1 1 REF Trip Off 4226 66 REF1 2 REF Block On 4227 66 REF1 3 REF Block Off In the register of the REF function is recorded activated blocked etc On event process data The structure of REF function register content is presented in the table below This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided instances separately...

Page 111: ...measurement signals to the transformer For special transformers manual set values can be applied to cover rarely met transformers properties In addition to this TRF function counts transformer cumulative overloading and high overcurrent time TRF function can output light no load HV side inrush LV side inrush normal load overloading and heavy overloading signals to be used in indication or in logic...

Page 112: ...the transformer Settings and signals Settings of the transformer status monitor TRF function are mostly shared with transformer protection functions in the transformer module of the IED In following table are shown the functions which use these settings also Table 5 4 8 64 Settings of the TRF function Name Range Step Default Funcs Description Transformer nominal MVA 0 1 500 0MVA 0 1MVA 1 0MVA All ...

Page 113: ... Zigzag Delta 0 Star Zigzag 1 Delta 0 Star Zigzag TRF DIFF Selection of the LV side connection star or zigzag or delta Selection is visible only if vector group is set to 0 Manual set LV side grounded 0 Not grounded 1 Grounded 0 Not grounded TRF DIFF Selection whether the zero sequence compensation should be applied into LV side currents calculation Selection is visible only if vector group is set...

Page 114: ...Info Calculated maximum two phase short circuit current in the LV poles of the trafo LV side 2ph SC to HV side 0 001 500 000kA 0 001kA 0 000kA Info Calculated max two phase short circuit current in LV side shows to HV side Table 5 4 8 66 Output signals of the TRF function Name Range Step Default Description No Light load 0 Not active 1 Active 1 0 Signal is active when the TRF function detects curr...

Page 115: ...nsformer thermal overload protection TT 49TR Thermal overload function for transformers TOLT is used for power transformers thermal capacity monitoring and protection TOLT function constantly monitors phase TRMS currents including harmonics up to 31st instant values and calculates the set thermal replica status in 5 ms cycles TOLT function includes total memory function of the load current conditi...

Page 116: ... seconds 0 005s The basic operating principle of the thermal replica is based into that the nominal temperature rise is achieved when the protected object is loaded with nominal load in nominal ambient temperature When the object is loaded with nominal load for time equal its heating constant tau τ 63 of the nominal thermal capacity is used When the loading continues until ve times this given cons...

Page 117: ...t manually e g in case of ground dug cables Ambient temperature compensation takes into account the set minimum and maximum temperature and load capacity of the protected object and measured or set ambient temperature The calculated coef cient is linear correction factor which is presented with following formulas tamb Measured set ambient temperature can be set in C or F tmax Maximum temperature c...

Page 118: ...TOLT can be changed by setting group selection The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing thermal replica comparator block signal check and output processing Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes Function output signals can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its op...

Page 119: ...ed Selection of the function is activated or disabled in the con guration Default setting 0 Disabled Not in use Temp C or F deg 0 C 1 F 0 C Selection whether the temperature values of the thermal image and RTD compensation are shown in Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees Table 5 4 9 71 Thermal replica settings Name Range Step Default Description IN thermal cap current 0 10 40 00xIn 0 01xIn 1 00xIn Curre...

Page 120: ...re setting If measured temperature is more than maximum set temperature the set correction factor for maximum temperature shall be used Setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Linear est k at max amb temp 0 01 5 00xIn 0 01xIn 1 00xIn Temperature correction factor for maximum ambient temperature setting Setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Linear est Min ambient temp 60...

Page 121: ...ng of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a Trip signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If blocking signal is active when pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal will be generated and the function shall not...

Page 122: ...llowed TT Temp Rise atm Calculated temperature rise at the moment TT Hot Spot estimate Estimated hot spot temperature including the ambient temperature TT Hot Spot Max All Maximum allowed temperature for the object 2 Timing status TT Trip delay remaining Time to reach 100 theta TT Trip time to rel Time to theta to reach under trip limit when cooling TT Alarm 1 time to rel Time to theta to reach un...

Page 123: ...the name implies transform alternating voltage from one voltage level to another Common for all transformers is that they are crucial and one most important single component in the network because in many cases its failure will be seen in wide area While transformers do not have many moving parts except tap changers their electric and mechanical properties are far from being simple Normal practice...

Page 124: ...monitoring to multifunction relay and back up overcurrent earthfault to dedicated relays 100 MVA Transmission 130 kV Overload overvoltage transients cooling environmental If broken changing to new is bigger problem normally off line time long and replacement dif cult Extremely expensive wide area effect if fails no matter where installed in transmission distribution or generation Monitoring very i...

Page 125: ... fault currents e g in cases where the fault location is close to the neutral inside the star winding These are the main arguments for using differential protection sensitive and fast operation in internal in zone faults and high stability on the out zone faults guarantee minimum unwanted power outages and minimized and reduced damage to the transformer itself On the other hand differential protec...

Page 126: ...elta so that the LV side has 30 degree lag to HV side Also the HV side nominal voltage is 10 kV and LV side nominal voltage is 1kV Transformer short circuit impedance is 4 95 which comes from the transformer nal test and basically it presents how much the transformer shall be able to feed short circuit current This information is normally available in the transformer name plate and documentation I...

Page 127: ...l current matching is only part of the differential protection settings Also the vector group of the transformer is important since differential function is interested in the angle difference of the measured current vectors In this example the transformer vector group is Yd1 which means that inside the transformer its HV side is connected to star and low voltage side is connected to delta so that ...

Page 128: ...r group is not standard it should still be settable within the relay in case of zigzag transformers In this case in differential relay the differential function applies following translation to delta side currents note that the correction is not only to the angles but also to the amplitudes since the per unitized delta side has relation amplitude difference to star connected side AQ T216 Instructi...

Page 129: ...ed phase shifts from HV side to LV side in symmetrical situation Now the direction of the CTs starpoint on the HV side and LV side has effect on how to set the differential calculation method It is possible to set either add or to subtract which means that the CTs current direction has to be taken into account Now in this example the correct setting would be add since the CTs in the main circuit a...

Page 130: ...lation mode is used Differential function has 2 separate stages inbuilt which of the non restraint uses only these formulas as comparison base For the restraint characteristics also so called Bias calculation is made per each phase to adjust the sensitivity of the differential stage up to the measured currents For the bias calculation also two separate formulas are available Average mode sensitive...

Page 131: ...characteristics the red line presents the allowed differential current in percentage in function of measured biasing current of the differential protection In this example the non biased pick up is set to quite low what it would be in normal transformer application Settings and ranges of the differential protection are presented in the settings chapter The biasing characteristic is formed with fol...

Page 132: ...l relay this is known as pick up current Id pick up a basic sensitivity limit which below measured differential current the transformer still operates normally and the differential protection should not activate In other words Id pick up must be higher than all these differential current causing normal operation factors combined When calculating the basic normal situation differential current foll...

Page 133: ... for both sides combined is either 1 or 0 4 TCE In this example transformer there is tap changer with rating of 5 x 2 5 which means that from nominal center position the secondary side windings can be set to 5 x 2 5 or 5 x 2 5 position causing deviation max of 5 x 2 5 from the nominal conditions So therefore TCE is in this case 12 5 Note that the tap position is not always necessarily nominal in c...

Page 134: ...ttings calculation Magnetizing current value approximate can be calculated as follows This is the case if the primary inductance is known Magnetizing current is compared to HV side nominal current and the percentage is directly the TME value If the transformers primary inductance is not known then can be used conservative estimate of 3 for the transformer magnetizing effect SME For conservative se...

Page 135: ...n or even 0 01xIn How to determine this limit is the sum of the protection principle wanted Smaller value leads to conservative and stabile operation while bigger means highly sensitive and possibly unstable protection Also there if Turnpoint 1 is set to 0 01xIn the Slope 1 will start directly from the setting In such case there is no unbiased sensitive section available This could be used in case...

Page 136: ...hen the tap changer on secondary side is at maximum output voltage and the output is nominal In this example we had maximum of 12 5 increasing effect for the tap changer and the result will be Next is calculated the currents flowing in this situation at HV and LV sides when the loading of the transformer is e g 1 5 times its rated power For LV side currents will be And for HV side currents will be...

Page 137: ...One setting is still missing and it is the Slope 2 This setting is used for biasing the differential characteristics against heavy outside of differential zone faults which can cause heavy saturation on one or both sides LV HV CTs causing heavy differential current in to measurements even the transformer itself does not have fault There is one catch in the settings If there is heavy single end in ...

Page 138: ...absolute differential current amount measured and is not blocked with harmonics or bias restraints Setting of the stage should be based into the weakest CT full saturation under worst case through fault condition since this causes that only the other side current is measured then and that causes all seen current to be differential current For our example case the LV side maximum three phase short ...

Page 139: ...e cross section and material of the wires and how the CTs are connected Let s start from the wiring caused burden for the relay Resistance in a conductor is calculated in following way Just for information when designing the CTs and wiring 1 If you double the length of wire you will double the resistance of the wire 2 If you double the cross sectional area of the wire you will cut its resistance i...

Page 140: ... the connection is mixture of these then the length can be estimated by increasing the distance by proportion of the six wires four wires connection For example if 30 of the wiring is made from the CTs to terminal with six wires and from the terminal wiring continues with four wires then the wire length estimate should be 1 3 times the distance between of relay and CTs Next loading factor is the r...

Page 141: ...LV sides are made with 4 mm2 wires HV side 150 5A 10P10 5VA LV side 1200 5A 5P10 5VA Now when comparing the corrected CT ALF factors to estimated maximum through fault currents can be seen that the current will not saturate CT s since they can repeat on HV side 21 6 xIn current while the calculated HV current in through fault will be maximum of 20 2 xIn In the LV side also the maximum output curre...

Page 142: ...fault cases this stage usually is never blocked in application thus it s settings should be considered on absolute differential current possible on normal operation yet it should be sensitive also for inrush currents especially on energisation cases Setting suggestion for this Idi Pick up stage is 6 0 xIn 10 xIn for sensitive and conservative operation Now basic settings for the differential stage...

Page 143: ...ions based into Average and Maximum restraint calculation modes Figures A B with average mode and C D max mode Basically in between these presented restraint calculation modes the characteristics are now set to equally sensitive Also the variations of Turnpoint1 setting either to 0 01xIn or 1 0xIn are presented Figures A C with Turnpoint 1 set to 1 00 xIn and B D with Turnpoint 1 set to 0 01 xIn A...

Page 144: ...ed any low impedance earthfault outside of the differential zone shall cause differential current measured and possible tripping of the differential protection For this purpose the calculated zero sequence compensation is used This has to be told to the relay and for that the vector group selection of the transformer setup has either N or n representing either HV side or LV side grounding What thi...

Page 145: ...y selecting the N or n in the transformer vector group simultaneously the sensitivity to single phase one end fault will decrease by 1 3 For this reason restricted earth fault protection should be enabled for the zero sequence compensated side Restricted earth fault enabling requires that in addition to phase currents measurement also the starpoint current is available and can be connected to the ...

Page 146: ...ed earth fault protection are available Operation characteristics of REF HV and REF LV are similar than Idb function presented percentage characteristics even though both sides are independent and freely settable Differential and biasing currents are calculated as follows per each side For HV side For LV side For both sides REF stages have average and maximum bias current calculation setting optio...

Page 147: ...m these different situations can be divided the cases so that in energisation situation even harmonics are generated which of the 2nd harmonic is the most commonly used in the inrush blocking and in overvoltage cases odd harmonics are generated which of mostly 5th harmonic is used for blocking 3rd harmonic is also present in wye windings it will be though absent in delta windings so therefore 5th ...

Page 148: ...called magnetizing inrush current in transformer Inrush current in transformer may be up to 10 times higher than nominal rated current of transformer Energizing characteristics of transformer are related on the ratings of the transformer as well as design of the transformer transformer limbs constructions etc Basically this energization current shall be seen in the differential relay as a differen...

Page 149: ... chapter the calculated FFT value is about 50 of the peak value third graph presents the 2nd harmonic absolute values in amperes fourth graph presents the fundamental 50 Hz FFT calculated currents in amperes and fth graph presents the relative 2nd harmonic components to corresponding fundamental component currents with the 15 setting limit for display what the setting presents in this concept AQ T...

Page 150: ...ulations magnitudes are roughly as follows When remembering that in this example the transformer HV primary side nominal current was 115 5A it yields to following In the set characteristics the differential currents would look like in the graph below Figure 5 4 10 110 Differential currents in the energization of 2 MVA transformer Now this result is still very low considering of the magnetizing inr...

Page 151: ...hall release per each phase separately For this transformer the harmonic blocking limit could have been set to 30 and the energizing would have been successful still since the 2nd harmonic is heavily still present in time the fundamental currents reduce below the pick up limit of the differential stage Figure 5 4 10 111 Inrush blocking by using 2nd harmonic related to fundamental frequency compone...

Page 152: ...tation in the transformer core Figure 5 4 10 113 Transformer behaviour in case of overvoltage caused over excitation In the gure above is presented one simulated power transformer behavior in case of overvoltage In the simulation transformer was unloaded on secondary side while the voltage of primary side was increased with a ramp In the gure rst graph presents the excitation current its 5th harmo...

Page 153: ...the nominal This means that in this case the over excitation generated differential current could trip the transformer in this point however the fth harmonic component relation ratio to fundamental magnitude is already decreasing in this point and when considering what would happen if the overvoltage would be e g 130 it would mean that there is no blocking available even the differential current w...

Page 154: ...leases if the overvoltage is too heavy when the differential current most probably is over the tripping limit However the behavior of the blocking is very unpredictable if the exact saturation characteristic of the transformer is not known and this cannot be estimated without knowing the exact design of the transformer if there is chance that the over excitation can cause problems in practice this...

Page 155: ...unction pre calculation Name Range Step Default Funcs Description Transformer nominal MVA 0 1 500 0MVA 0 1MVA 1 0MVA All Nominal MVA of transformer This value is used to calculate nominal currents of HV and LV side HV side nominal voltage 0 1 500 0kV 0 1kV 110 0kV All HV side nominal voltage of the transformer This value is used to calculate nominal currents of HV side LV side nominal voltage 0 1 ...

Page 156: ...ual set LV side Star or Zigzag Delta 0 Star Zigzag 1 Delta 0 Star Zigzag TRF DIFF Selection of the LV side connection star or zigzag or delta Selection is visible only if vector group is set to 0 Manual set LV side grounded 0 Not grounded 1 Grounded 0 Not grounded TRF DIFF Selection whether the zero sequence compensation should be applied into LV side currents calculation Selection is visible only...

Page 157: ...point 1 0 01 50 00xIn 0 01xIn 1 00xIn Turnpoint 1 for the differential characteristics Slope 1 0 01 250 00 0 01 10 00 Slope1 of the differential characteristics Turnpoint2 0 01 50 00xIn 0 01xIn 3 00xIn Turnpoint 2 for the differential characteristics Slope 2 0 01 250 00 0 01 200 00 Slope2 of the differential characteristics Enable harmonic blocking 0 No harm block 1 2nd harm block 2 5th harm block...

Page 158: ...de restricted earthfault differential characteristics Setting is visible only if Enable I0d REF LV side is set to 1 Enabled Table 5 4 10 83 Calculations of the DIF function Name Description L1Bias Calculated phase L1 Bias current L2Bias Calculated phase L2 Bias current L3Bias Calculated phase L3 Bias current L1Diff Calculated phase L1 Differential current L2Diff Calculated phase L2 Differential cu...

Page 159: ...p Off 4546 71 DIF1 2 Idb Blocked ext On 4547 71 DIF1 3 Idb Blocked ext Off 4548 71 DIF1 4 Idi Trip On 4549 71 DIF1 5 Idi Trip Off 4550 71 DIF1 6 Idi Blocked ext On 4551 71 DIF1 7 Idi Blocked ext Off 4552 71 DIF1 8 2 nd Harmonic Block On 4553 71 DIF1 9 2 nd Harmonic Block Off 4554 71 DIF1 10 5 th Harmonic Block On 4555 71 DIF1 11 5 th Harmonic Block Off 4556 71 DIF1 12 L1 2 nd harm On 4557 71 DIF1 ...

Page 160: ...perature detectors Modbus IO RTD 49T Resistance Temperature Detectors RTD can be used to measure temperatures from the motor as well as ambient temperature Typically RTD is PT100 type or thermocouple External Modbus based RTD modules are supported up to three separate modules which each can hold up to eight measurement elements For the alarm function RTD 49T can be set 12 individual element monito...

Page 161: ...er over or under and the setting value is input as degrees In the RTD alarm function are 12 sensor inputs available For the alarm to be active channel measurement must be valid Channel measurement can be invalid if the communication is not working or sensor is broken Settings Table 5 4 11 87 Settings of the RTD function for channel x 12 Name Range Step Default Description Sx enable 0 No 1 Yes 0 No...

Page 162: ...ent channel x Sx Alarm2 0 1 0 Selection of the measurement higher or lower than setting value mode Sx Alarm2 101 0 2000 0deg 0 1deg 0 0deg Alarm 2 setting value Alarm shall be activated if the measurement is over or under this setting depend of the selected mode When the RTD s are set for measuring the values can be read to scada etc and also the set alarms can be used for direct output control fr...

Page 163: ...1 26 S7 Alarm2 On 4443 69 RTD1 27 S7 Alarm2 Off 4444 69 RTD1 28 S8 Alarm1 On 4445 69 RTD1 29 S8 Alarm1 Off 4446 69 RTD1 30 S8 Alarm2 On 4447 69 RTD1 31 S8 Alarm2 Off 4448 69 RTD1 32 S9 Alarm1 On 4449 69 RTD1 33 S9 Alarm1 Off 4450 69 RTD1 34 S9 Alarm2 On 4451 69 RTD1 35 S9 Alarm2 Off 4452 69 RTD1 36 S10 Alarm1 On 4453 69 RTD1 37 S10 Alarm1 Off 4454 69 RTD1 38 S10 Alarm2 On 4455 69 RTD1 39 S10 Alarm...

Page 164: ...4483 70 RTD2 3 S2 Meas Invalid 4484 70 RTD2 4 S3 Meas Ok 4485 70 RTD2 5 S3 Meas Invalid 4486 70 RTD2 6 S4 Meas Ok 4487 70 RTD2 7 S4 Meas Invalid 4488 70 RTD2 8 S5 Meas Ok 4489 70 RTD2 9 S5 Meas Invalid 4490 70 RTD2 10 S6 Meas Ok 4491 70 RTD2 11 S6 Meas Invalid 4492 70 RTD2 12 S7 Meas Ok 4493 70 RTD2 13 S7 Meas Invalid 4494 70 RTD2 14 S8 Meas Ok 4495 70 RTD2 15 S8 Meas Invalid 4496 70 RTD2 16 S9 Me...

Page 165: ...eve selectivity This delay can be avoided by using arc protection To extent the speed of arc protection operation arc protection card has high speed output as well to give tripping signal faster Figure 5 4 12 118 An IED equipped with arc protection card has 4 sensor channels Up to three sensors can be connected to each channel Arc protection card has four sensor channels Up to three arc point sens...

Page 166: ...I0 Arc S3 Sensor fault I I0 Arc S4 Sensor fault Detected quantity of sensors in the channel do not match with user settings I I0 Arc IO unit fault If the amount of connected AQ 101 units mismatch with the user setting I Io Arc Number of connected AQ 101 units The operational logic consists of input processing threshold comparator two block signal check and output processing Inputs for the function...

Page 167: ...e 2 Enable Zone 2 Light 3 High speed output contacts HSO1 and HSO2 have been set to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays AQ 100 series units send out test pulses at an interval to check the health of wiring between the AQ 100 series units Parameter I I0 Arc Self supervision test pulse should be activated when connecting AQ 100 series units to AQ 200 series a...

Page 168: ...ht 2 If any of the channels has pressure sensing sensor included do the enable pressure in same way as with normal light sensor If phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent current is needed in tripping decision those can be enabled in the same way as enabling the light sensors in the zone When a current channel is enabled measured current needs to be over the set current limit in addition to ligh...

Page 169: ...y equal to trip signal generation of the function Trip signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked at the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a TRIP signal is gene...

Page 170: ...Trip Off 4750 74 ARC1 14 Zone4 Block On 4751 74 ARC1 15 Zone4 BlockOff 4752 74 ARC1 16 Ph Current Blocked On 4753 74 ARC1 17 Ph Current Blocked Off 4754 74 ARC1 18 Ph Current Start On 4755 74 ARC1 19 Ph Current Start Off 4756 74 ARC1 20 Res Current Blocked On 4757 74 ARC1 21 Res Current Blocked Off 4758 74 ARC1 22 Res Current Start On 4759 74 ARC1 23 Res Current Start Off 4760 74 ARC1 24 Channel 1...

Page 171: ...736 4787 Descr Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages 1 4 1 8 5 4 13 Programmable stage PGx 99 The programmable stage PGS is a stage that can be programmed by the user to create more advanced applications either as an individual stage or together with programmable logic The relay has ten programmable stages of which each can be set to compare from one to three ...

Page 172: ... chosen for the comparator and possibly set a scaling for the signal Below is an example of a scaling in which primary neutral voltage has been scaled to percentage value so that it would be easier to handle setting up the comparator The scaling factor was calculated by taking the inverse value of 20kV system With this multiplier in full earth fault neutral voltage would be 11547 volts primary whi...

Page 173: ...ignals have their own pick up setting 6 Mag1 Mag2 Signal1 Signal2 subtraction The comparison uses the product of Signal1 Signal2 calculation In the example below analog comparison has been set with two signals The stage will trip if either of the measured signals ful lls the comparison condition In the same way it is possible to set up comparison of three values Mode Description 0 Mag1 x Mag2 x Ma...

Page 174: ...If the absolute value of the measured signal is higher than the set pick up level the comparison condition is ful lled 2 Under Less than If the measured signal is less than the set pick up level the comparison condition is ful lled A blocking limit can also be set This means the comparison is not active when measured value is under the set blocking limit 3 Under abs Less than absolute If the absol...

Page 175: ...s to help nd the desired value IL1 Description IL1ff p u IL1 Fundamental frequency in per unit value IL1 2nd h IL1 2nd harmonic in per unit value IL1 3rd h IL1 3rd harmonic in per unit value IL1 4th h IL1 4th harmonic in per unit value IL1 5th h IL1 5th harmonic in per unit value IL1 7th h IL1 7th harmonic in per unit value IL1 9th h IL1 9th harmonic in per unit value IL1 11th h IL1 11th harmonic ...

Page 176: ...ic in per unit value I01 9th h I01 9th harmonic in per unit value I01 11th h I01 11th harmonic in per unit value I01 13th h I01 13th harmonic in per unit value I01 15th h I01 15th harmonic in per unit value I01 17th h I01 17th harmonic in per unit value I01 19th h I01 19th harmonic in per unit value IL02 Description I02ff p u I02 Fundamental frequency in per unit value I02 2 h I02 2nd harmonic in ...

Page 177: ...itive sequence current I2 Ang Angle of negative sequence current I01ResP I01 current resistive component primary current I01CapP I01 current capacitive component primary current I01ResS I01 current resistive component secondary current I01CapS I01 current capacitive component secondary current I02ResP I02 current resistive component primary current I02CapP I02 current capacitive component primary ...

Page 178: ...n L1 SL2 Apparent power L2 S kVA PL2 Active power L2 P kW QL2 Reactive power L2 Q kVar tan L2 Phase active power direction L2 cos L2 Phase reactive power direction L2 SL3 Apparent power L3 S kVA PL3 Active power L3 P kW QL3 Reactive power L3 Q kVar tan L3 Phase active power direction L3 cos L3 Phase reactive power direction L3 Imp ZRX Adm YGB category Description RL12Pri Resistance R L12 primary o...

Page 179: ...ohm XL2Sec Reactance X L2 secondary ohm RL3Sec Resistance R L3 secondary ohm XL3Sec Reactance X L3 secondary ohm Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary ohm Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary ohm Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 primary ohm Z1Sec Impedance Z L1 secondary ohm Z2Sec Impedance Z L2 secondary ohm Z3Sec Impedance Z L3 secondary ohm Z1Angle Impedance Z L1 angle Z2Angle Impedance Z L2 angle Z3Angle Impedance Z L3 an...

Page 180: ...ce G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Imp ZRX Adm YGB category Description System f System frequency Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 2 M Thermal T Motor thermal temperature F Thermal T Feeder thermal temperature T Thermal T Transformer thermal temperature RTD meas 1 16...

Page 181: ... pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Resetting characteristics can be set according to the application Default setting is delayed with 60 ms and the time calculation is held during the release time When using the release delay option where the operating time counter is calcul...

Page 182: ...ip OFF 8580 134 PGS1 4 PS1 Block ON 8581 134 PGS1 5 PS1 Block OFF 8582 134 PGS1 6 PS2 Start ON 8583 134 PGS1 7 PS2 Start OFF 8584 134 PGS1 8 PS2 Trip ON 8585 134 PGS1 9 PS2 Trip OFF 8586 134 PGS1 10 PS2 Block ON 8587 134 PGS1 11 PS2 Block OFF 8588 134 PGS1 12 PS3 Start ON 8589 134 PGS1 13 PS3 Start OFF 8590 134 PGS1 14 PS3 Trip ON 8591 134 PGS1 15 PS3 Trip OFF 8592 134 PGS1 16 PS3 Block ON 8593 13...

Page 183: ... 52 PS9 Trip ON 8629 134 PGS1 53 PS9 Trip OFF 8630 134 PGS1 54 PS9 Block ON 8631 134 PGS1 55 PS9 Block OFF 8632 134 PGS1 56 PS10 Start ON 8633 134 PGS1 57 PS10 Start OFF 8634 134 PGS1 58 PS10 Trip ON 8635 134 PGS1 59 PS10 Trip OFF 8636 134 PGS1 60 PS10 Block ON 8637 134 PGS1 61 PS10 Block OFF In the register of the PGS function start trip or blocked On event process data is recorded In the table b...

Page 184: ...t is possible to force any of the setting group on by enabling the Force SG and give the wanted setting group as number from the communication bus or from local HMI When force parameter is enabled the local device automatic control is overridden and full control of setting group is with user until the force SG change is disabled again For the application controlled setting group switch and selecti...

Page 185: ... SG1 8 0 SG1 Selection of activated setting groups in the application If setting group is enabled it cannot be controlled to active When enabling new setting groups the activated setting groups shall copy values from the SG1 Default setting is that only SG1 is active Force SG change enabled 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Setting of force setting group change either enabled or disabled This settin...

Page 186: ...ssed Setting group6 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active Setting group 6 selection third lowest priority input for setting group control Can be controlled with pulse or steady state signals If steady state signal is applied SG7 and SG8 requests shall not be processed Setting group7 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active Setting group 7 selection second lowest priority input for setting group control Can...

Page 187: ...cal Change SG Req On 4193 65 SGS 33 Local Change SG Req On 4194 65 SGS 34 Force Change SG On 4195 65 SGS 35 Force Change SG Off 4196 65 SGS 36 SG Req Fail Not con gured SG On 4197 65 SGS 37 SG Req Fail Not con gured SG On 4198 65 SGS 38 Force Req Fail Force not On 4199 65 SGS 39 Force Req Fail Off 4200 65 SGS 40 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req On 4201 65 SGS 41 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req Off 42...

Page 188: ...nitoring the state of the Petersen coil connection the setting group control can be applied either with 1 wire or 2 wire connection depending of the application requirements In case of 1 wire connection is allowed the setting group change logic can be applied as in the gure above Petersen coil status on controls SG1 to be active and if the coil is disconnected SG2 is active With this practice if t...

Page 189: ...al logics One example can be setting group change based on cold load pick up function Figure 5 5 1 127 Example of fully application controlled setting group change with CLPU function In this example the CLPU function output is used for the automatic setting group change Similarly to this application any combination of the available signals in the relay database can be programmed to be used for in ...

Page 190: ...be controlled from local control remote control and HMI mimic manually or by software function automatically For remote control from protocols the modes Direct Control and Select before Execute are dealt in the protocol handling itself Object control consists of control logic control monitor and output handler In addition of these main parts in the object control block can be added object related ...

Page 191: ...osition IN 1 means that the withdrawable object cart is in Position indication can be done among binary inputs and protection stage signals by using IEC 61850 GOOSE or logical signals WD Object Out DI1 DIx SWx Link to the physical binary input Monitored withdrawable object position OUT 1 means that the withdrawable object cart is pulled out Position indication can be done among binary inputs and p...

Page 192: ...ocols Objectx Local Close Signal Pre assigned Local Close signal from HMI either select execute from the mimic SLD or direct from the local panel pushbutton Objectx Local Open Signal Pre assigned Local Open signal from HMI either select execute from the mimic SLD or direct from the local panel pushbutton SW Open Input Con guration assigned Software controlled open signal Can be from autoreclosing ...

Page 193: ...open and close status when breaker switches If this time is exceeded and both open and closed status inputs are active status Bad is activated If neither of the status inputs are active after the delay Intermediate status is activated Sync wait timeout 0 02 500 00s 0 02s 0 2s If synchronization ok is not received during this set time the close command will be rejected with error message visible on...

Page 194: ...command in order it is received in time Events and registers The OBJ function generates events and registers from the status changes of monitored signals as well as control command fails and operations To main event buffer it is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function is recorded with time stamp and proc...

Page 195: ...ich are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Inputs for the function are binary status indications The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the open close bad and intermediate event signals Time stamp resolution is 1ms Input signals for indication status monitoring Function uses available hardware and software digita...

Page 196: ...ediate 6913 108 CIN5 1 Open 6914 108 CIN5 2 Close 6915 108 CIN5 3 Bad 5 5 4 mA Output control The milliamp current loop is the prevailing process control signal in many industries It is an ideal method of transferring process information because current does not change as it travels from transmitter to receiver It is also much simpler and cost effective Bene ts of 4 20mA loops The 4 20 mA current ...

Page 197: ...132 Example of the effects mA output Channel settings have Table 5 5 4 108 mA output channel settings Name Range Step Default Description Enable mA Out Channel 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables the mA Output channel If channel is disabled channel settings are hidden mA Out Channel Magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers 3 Imp Adm 4 Other 0 Currents De nes the category of measureme...

Page 198: ...n mA In Channel 1 0 0000 24 0000mA 0 0001 mA Measured mA value of the input channel mA In Channel 2 mA Out Channel Input Magnitude now 107 107 0 001 Value of the selected measurement value at the moment for the output channel control mA Out Channel Outputs now 0 0000 24 0000mA 0 0001mA Current output value of the mA output channel at the moment Milliamp input Up to two independent milliamp option ...

Page 199: ...bance process signal For example a value for the lter time constant is 2 seconds for a 1 second period time of a disturbance oscillation Figure 5 5 4 134 First order low pass lter Curve signal out of range activates out of range alarm that can be used inside logic or with other relay functions The signal can be assigned directly to output relay or LED in IO matrix Out of range signal is activated ...

Page 200: ...two points create your own curve with up to 20 curve points 5 5 5 Programmable control switch Programmable Control Switch is a control function that controls its binary output signal on off This output signal can be controlled locally from the IED mimic appears as square box or remotely from RTU Programmable Control Switches main purpose is to change function properties by changing the setting gro...

Page 201: ...d setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Outputs of the function are CTS alarm and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function CTS function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Also ...

Page 202: ...og current measurement values Function uses the fundamental frequency magnitude of the current measurement inputs and calculated positive and negative sequence currents For residual current measurement can be selected None I01 fundamental component or I02 fundamental component Table 5 6 1 114 Analogic magnitudes used by the CTS function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS Fundamental RMS measureme...

Page 203: ...e current measurement This setting limit de nes the upper limit for the phase current pick up element If this condition is met it is considered as fault and the CTS is not activated Iset Lowlimit 0 01 40 00xIn 0 01xIn 0 10xIn Pick up threshold for phase current measurement This setting limit de nes the lower limit for the phase current pick up element If this condition is met it is considered as o...

Page 204: ...sioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics This function supports de nite time delay DT For detailed information on...

Page 205: ...ystem in case when primary circuit fault is found in phase L1 wiring Distinction in between primary and secondary fault in this case is impossible However the situation meets the CTS conditions and as well as in the secondary circuit fault the CTS will issue alarm if this state continues until the set time has been spent This means that the CTS do not supervise only the secondary circuit but also ...

Page 206: ...ng Figure 5 6 1 142 System in case of low current and heavy unbalance If all of the measured phases magnitudes are below the Iset Lowlimit setting the CTS is not activated even the unbalance and other conditions are met By adjusting the Iset Highlimit and Iset Lowlimit setting parameters according to the application normal behavior the operation of the CTS can be set to very sensitive for broken c...

Page 207: ...d against each other and the wiring condition can be veri ed Figure 5 6 1 144 System in case when secondary phase current wiring is broken When phase current wire is broken all of the conditions are met in the CTS and alarm shall be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 206 ...

Page 208: ...ing Isum difference should be set according to the application to reach maximum security and sensitivity for the network earthing Events and registers The CTS function generates events and registers from the status changes of the ALARM activated and blocked signals To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages Function includes 12 last registers where the triggering event of...

Page 209: ...nels The recorder provides great tool to analyze the performance of the power system in network disturbance situations Recorder output is in general comtrade format and it is compatible with most viewers and injection devices Comtrade le is based on standard IEEE Std C37 111 1999 Captured recordings can be injected as playback with secondary testing tools those support comtrade le format Playback ...

Page 210: ...fers loss of accuracy at very low currents under 3 amps Fine signal is capable of sampling at very low currents but will cut off at higher currents I01 15A peak and I02 8A peak Recording settings and triggering Disturbance recorder can be triggered manually or automatically by using dedicated triggers Every signal listed in Digital recording channels list can be selected to trig the recorder IED h...

Page 211: ...according the setting Digital channel samples Fixed 5ms 5ms Fixed sample rate of the recorded digital channels Pre triggering time 0 1 15 0s 0 1 s 0 5s Recording length before the triggering Analog Recording CH1 20 0 8 freely selectable channels None selected Check available analog channels from the Analogue recording channels list for possible recorder inputs Auto get recordings 0 Disbaled 1 Enab...

Page 212: ...ding channel 1 2 3 4 6 7 and 8 are used and Recorder digital channels is taking samples of tracked system frequency every 5ms 2 First overcurrent stage trip I TRIP activation will trigger the recorder 3 Length of the recording is 1 0 seconds Pre triggering time 20 percent affects to the recording in a way that 200ms is recorded before I TRIP and 800ms is recorder after 4 Sample of each recorder an...

Page 213: ... summed with 1 which stand for time stamp for each recorded sample SR is the sample rate chosen by parameter 8 16 32 or 64 samples per cycle 200Hz is the rate at which digital channels are always recorded 5ms DiCh is the amount of digital channels recorded 16076647 is the amount of samples available in FTP if no other types of les are saved As an example if nominal frequency is 50Hz and sample rat...

Page 214: ...mple phase currents IL1 IL2 and IL3 are selected 2 To have another plotter choose blue plus key icon that can be found on top Note Add Plotter text appears when moving mouse cursor is on top of the icon In this example line to neutral voltages UL1 Ul2 and UL3 are selected and moved to the right side Con rm plotter by pressing OK key AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 213 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 215: ...se to create area how you want to zoom in Zooming in and out is possible by using vertical and horizontal and icons as well It is possible to reset zooming by pressing corresponding icon in the middle 3 Zoom amplitude of individual plotters by holding down shift and scrolling mouse wheel up and down Scroll time by holding down Ctrl and scrolling mouse wheel up and down 4 Toggle between primary P a...

Page 216: ...o a relay must be established via AQtivate software and live edit mode must be enabled for the measurement recorder to be able to activate Navigate to measurement recorder through Tools Measurement recorder Recording interval can be changed from the Interval combo box It is possible to choose if the measurements are recorded in AQtivate or in the relay with Record in dropdown box If you have chose...

Page 217: ...Energy MWh Pri Res Curr I02 Pha angle I L3 L2 Exp Active Energy kWh Pri Calc I0 Res Curr angle I 01 L2 Imp Active Energy MWh Pha Curr IL1 TRMS Pri Res Curr angle I 02 L2 Imp Active Energy kWh Pha Curr IL2 TRMS Pri Calc I 0 angle L2 Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Pha Curr IL3 TRMS Pri I Pos Seq Curr angle L2 Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Pri Pos Seq Curr I Neg Seq Curr angle L2 Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pri Neg...

Page 218: ...Pos Seq Curr U4Volt p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal Mvarh Neg Seq Curr U1Volt TRMS p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal kvarh Zero Seq Curr U2Volt TRMS p u Exp Active Energy MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS U3Volt p u Exp Active Energy kWh Res Curr I02 TRMS U4Volt p u Imp Active Energy MWh Pha L1 ampl THD Pos Seq Volt p u Imp Active Energy kWh Pha L2 ampl THD Neg Seq Volt p u Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Pha L3 ampl T...

Page 219: ...L31 ang S3 Measurement I Pri Zero Seq Curr System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res Curr I 01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res Curr I 02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L1 System Volt U0 ang S7 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L2 System Volt U1 ang S8 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L3 System Volt U2 ang S9 Measurement Sec Res Curr I 01 System Volt U3 ang S10 Measureme...

Page 220: ...p E kvarh Curve4 Input Res I 01 pow THD L1 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Curve4 Output Res I 02 ampl THD L1 Imp React Cap E kvarh Control mode Res I 02 pow THD L1 Exp Imp React Cap E bal Mvarh Motor status P P Curr I L1 L1 Exp Imp React Cap E bal kvarh Active setting group P P Curr I L2 L1 Exp React Ind E Mvarh L1 Exp React Ind E kvarh 5 6 4 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW Circuit breaker wear CBW functi...

Page 221: ...c inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and binary output signals Function output signals can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also...

Page 222: ...eaking current and corresponding interrupts allowed This data is provided by the circuit breaker manufacturer Table 5 6 4 125 Name Range Step Default Description Current 1 Inom 0 00 100 00kA 0 01kA 1 00kA Nominal operating current of the breaker rms Operations Inom 0 200000Op 1Op 50000Op Interrupting life operations at rated current Close Open Current 2 Imax 0 00 100 00kA 0 01kA 20 00kA Rated shor...

Page 223: ...00 op Pick up threshold for remaining operations When the remaining operations is below this setting Alarm 2 signal is activated Setting example Setting example Tavrida ISM TEL 24 16 800 057 circuit breaker Set the CBW stage as follows Parameter Value Current 1 Inom 0 80 kA AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 222 ...

Page 224: ...Alarm2 Off In the register of the CBW function recorded events are activated On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of CBW function register content This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided instances separately Table 5 6 4 128 Register content Date Time Event code Trigger current All Op ITrg Deduct Op Op Left dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 371...

Page 225: ...tive Outputs of the function are Start and Alarm act signals for phase current THD I01 THD I02 THD and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function THD function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The operational logic consists of input magnitude...

Page 226: ...damental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01FFT Fundamental RMS measurement of residual I01 current 5 ms I02FFT Fundamental RMS measurement of residual I02 current 5 ms Selection of the THD calculation method is made with a setting parameter commonly for all of the measurement channels General settings The following general settings de ne the general behavior of the function These setti...

Page 227: ... 00 0 01 20 00 Pick up setting for THD alarm element from the residual current I02 The measured THD value has to be over this setting to activate the alarm signal The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in ...

Page 228: ...ime stamp and process data values Table 5 6 5 133 Event codes of the THD function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 3520 55 THD1 0 THD Start Phase On 3521 55 THD1 1 THD Start Phase Off 3522 55 THD1 2 THD Start I01 On 3523 55 THD1 3 THD Start I01 Off 3524 55 THD1 4 THD Start I02 On 3525 55 THD1 5 THD Start I02 Off 3526 55 THD1 6 THD Alarm Phase On 3527 55 THD1 7 THD...

Page 229: ... stage can be recorded and reported forward to SCADA NOTE Available measurement values depend on the IED type If only current analog measurements are available it is possible to use only signals which use just current The same applies if only voltage is available Currents Description IL1ff IL2ff IL3ff I01ff I02ff Fundamental frequency current measurement values of phase currents and residual curre...

Page 230: ...tances YL1angle YL2angle YL3angle Y0angle Admittance angles Others Description System f Used tracking frequency at the moment Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 1 M thermal T Motor thermal temperature F thermal T Feeder thermal temperature T thermal T Transformer thermal temperature RTD meas 1 16 RTD measurement channels 1 16 Ext RTD meas 1 8 External RTD measurement channels ...

Page 231: ...V p u Recorded value in one of the eight channels Events VREC function generates events from function triggering To main event buffer it is possible to select On or Off status messages Table 5 6 6 136 Event codes of the VREC function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 9984 156 VREC1 0 Recorder triggered On 9985 156 VREC1 1 Recorder triggered Off AQ T216 Instruction ...

Page 232: ...ateway NetworkStatus Messages Running IP error NM error GW error Displays the status or possible errors of NTP settings These are errors in the parameters mentioned above NTP quality for events No sync Synchronized Shows the status of the NTP time synchronization at the moment If other time synchronization method is used external serial this indication isn t valid NOTE a unique IP address needs to...

Page 233: ...0000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all power related measurements Impedance meas update interval 500 10000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all impedance related measurements These parameters can be found in menu Measurement Measurement update These parameters do not affect to the operation time of protection functions These parameters only affect to the frequency of measurement reporti...

Page 234: ...For a list of available Logical Nodes in the Arcteq implementation browse the 61850 tree See following picture Figure 6 1 4 156 IEC 61850 tool buttons The available functions in the IEC 61850 tool are 1 Open an existing CID le from the PC hard drive 2 Save the CID le into the aqs currently open save the aqs le as well File Save to keep the changes 3 Save the CID le into the hard drive for later us...

Page 235: ... can be opened by pressing the 7th button It is possible to add and remove datasets with buttons When a dataset has been added it has to be assigned to an RCB with RCB button opens a new window It is possible to assign to Un buffered URCB s or Buffered reporting BRCB s All of these datasets can be edited By un checking both of the GOOSE publisher datasets GOOSE publisher service will be disabled S...

Page 236: ...e below Parameter Range Description IEC61850 enable Disabled Enabled Enable setting for IEC 61850 protocol IP port 0 65535 IP port used by IEC 61850 protocol Standard and default port is 102 Measurements dead band 0 01 10 00 Measurement data reporting dead band setting GOOSE subscriber enable Disabled Enabled Enable setting for GOOSE subscriber 6 1 5 GOOSE Both GOOSE publisher and subscriber are s...

Page 237: ...p ID which should be unique for the system Also confRev parameter is checked by the receiving part If VLAN switches are used to build sub networks the VLAN Priority and VLAN ID parameters must be set to match with the system speci cation Figure 6 1 5 160 Settings for both available GOOSE Publishing datasets GOOSE datasets de nes the data which will be sent by the GOOSE publisher Only binary data a...

Page 238: ...ters can be found in following table Parameter Range Description Slave address 1 65519 DNP3 slave address for the unit Master address 1 65519 DNP3 address setting for allowed master Link layer timeout 0 60000 ms Timeout of link layer Link layer retries 1 20 Number of link layer retries Application layer timeout 0 60000 ms Application layer timeout Application layer con rmation 0 No 1 Yes Applicati...

Page 239: ...ime measurements to communication Realtime signals to communication enables reporting measurements to SCADA that are not normally available in the communication protocols mapping Real time meas to comm reports the selected eight magnitudes Recorded value can be either per unit value or primary value which is user settable Outputs of the function are selected measured values Setting parameters are ...

Page 240: ...2 tan L3 Tan φ of three phase powers and phase powers cos 3PH cos L1 cos L2 cos L3 Cos φ of three phase powers and phase powers Impedances and admittances RL12 RL23 RL31 XL12 XL23 XL31 RL1 RL2 RL3 XL1 XL2 XL3 Z12 Z23 Z31 ZL1 ZL2 ZL3 Phase to phase Phase to neutral resistances reactances and impedances Z12Ang Z23Ang Z31Ang ZL1Ang ZL2Ang ZL3Ang Phase to phase Phase to neutral impedance angles Rseq X...

Page 241: ... 1 Activated Activation of the function Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes Selection between using secondary values or primary values Slot 1 8 Magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers 3 Imp ZRX Adm YGB 4 Others Selection of slots measured magnitude category Slot 1 8 Magnitude x Described in table above Selection of the magnitude in the previously selected category AQ T216 Instruc...

Page 242: ...7 Applications and connection examples 7 1 Connections AQ T216 Figure 7 1 161 AQ T216 variant without add on modules AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 241 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 243: ...Figure 7 1 162 AQ T216 variant with binary input modules AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 242 ...

Page 244: ...m 7 2 Example transformer application connection An application example of 2 winding transformer differential relay AQ T257 Regular differential scheme with high voltage side restricted earth fault protection AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 243 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 245: ... wiring from auxiliary power supply trough IEDs binary output and all the way to the open coil of the breaker It is recommended to know that trip circuit is on healthy state when the breaker is closed Application scheme for trip circuit supervision with one digital input is presented in gure below AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 244 ...

Page 246: ... small is not able to make the breaker open coil operate While the trip relay is controlled and the circuit breaker is being opened the digital input is shorted by the trip contact as long as the breaker opens This normally takes approximately 100ms if the relay is non latched Therefore t 1 0 second activation delay should be added to the digital input Basically activation delay just a bit longer ...

Page 247: ...t will open in 50ms or after con gured release delay due the breaker is open This means that the open coil is energized for a short moment even the breaker is already open Coil could be energized even moment longer if circuit breaker failure protection has to be used and incomer is performing the tripping Trip circuit open coil supervision with one digital input and connected and latched trip outp...

Page 248: ...t breaker is in open position the TCS alarm is blocked by using following logic scheme or similar TCS alarm is giving whenever the breaker is closed and inverted digital input signal TCS activates Normally closed digital input activates only when there is something wrong in the trip circuit and the auxiliary power goes off While the breaker is open the logic is blocked Logical output can be used i...

Page 249: ...cation or content is differing from the expected the IED will not take additional modules into account and will issue a con guration error For a eld upgrade this means that the add on module has to be ordered from Arcteq Ltd or representative who shall provide the add on module with corresponding unlocking code in order the device to be operating correctly after upgrading the hardware con guration...

Page 250: ... DI5 DI6 DI7 DI8 DI9 DI10 and DI11 or if Slot A has also DI8 module then DI12 DI13 DI14 DI15 DI16 DI17 DI18 and DI19 If found DO5 module then reserve to this slot OUT6 OUT7 OUT8 OUT9 and OUT10 or OUT11 OUT12 OUT13 OUT14 and OUT15 with similar basis than for the inputs In the previous example only IO add on cards were described if installed into the option module slots If the slot has other type of...

Page 251: ...voltage 24V 110V or 220V X 2 Digital input 2 nominal threshold voltage 24V 110V or 220V Digital input 1 ground X 3 Digital input 3 nominal threshold voltage 24V 110V or 220V Digital input 2 nominal threshold voltage 24V 110V or 220V X 4 Digital inputs 1 2 and 3 common ground Digital input 2 ground X 5 6 Output relay 1 Normally open contact X 7 8 Output relay 2 Normally open contact X 9 10 Output r...

Page 252: ...inary input settings Name Description Range Step Default DIx Polarity De nes if binary input status is 1 or 0 when the input is energized 0 NO Normally open 1 NC Normally closed 0 NO DIx Activation delay De nes the delay for status change from 0 to 1 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx Drop off time De nes the delay for status change from 1 to 0 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx AC Mode Adds 3...

Page 253: ... current for the phase current inputs is 5 A Input nominal current can be scaled for secondary currents of 1 10 A Secondary currents are calibrated to nominal currents of 1A and 5A which provide 0 2 inaccuracy in range of 0 05 x In In 4 x In Phase current input characteristics are as follows Measurement range Phase currents 0 250 ARMS Coarse residual current 0 150ARMS Fine residual current 0 75ARM...

Page 254: ...the IED Properties of this binary input module provided inputs are the same as inputs in the CPU module Binary inputs have as standard current consumption of 2 mA when activated and the operating voltage range is from 0V to 265VAC DC with software settable activation release threshold and 1V resolution All binary inputs are scanned in 5 ms program cycle and they have software settable pick up and ...

Page 255: ...tus change from 0 to 1 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx Drop off time De nes the delay for status change from 1 to 0 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx AC Mode Adds 30 ms deactivation delay to account for alternating current Release threshold parameter is hidden and forced to 10 of set activation parameter 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Digital input activation threshold can be set for each...

Page 256: ...tputs This module can be ordered directly as factory installed or it can be eld upgraded if needed after the rst installation of the IED Properties of binary outputs are the same as binary outputs in the CPU module Binary outputs controls are software settable by the user Binary outputs are controlled in 5 ms program cycle All output contacts are mechanical type Rated voltage of the NO CO outputs ...

Page 257: ...n t work Each channel can have up to three light sensors connected in series User can choose how many channels are used High speed outputs HSO1 and HSO2 operate only with DC supply Battery plus has to be wired according the drawing and output 1 or 2 NO side is wired trough trip coil to battery minus High speed output voltage withstand is up to 250VDC For further information see the technical data ...

Page 258: ...and 4 wire RTDs and thermocouple sensors Sensor type can be selected by software for two 4 channel groups Supported RTD sensors Pt100 Pt1000 Supported Thermocouple Type K Type J Type T and Type S Two mA input channels are also available in the option card If mA input channels are used only the four rst channels are available for RTD and TC measurements AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 257 A...

Page 259: ...re 8 7 178 Connection of different sensor types 8 8 Serial RS232 communication module option Figure 8 8 179 AQ 2xx Serial RS232 card connectors AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 258 ...

Page 260: ...RS 232 GND Serial based communications COM F Pin7 RS 232 TX Serial based communications COM F Pin8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin9 COM F Pin10 3 3V output spare Spare power source for external equipment 45mA COM F Pin11 Clock sync input Clock synchronization input IRIG B COM F Pin12 Clock sync GND Clock synchronization input IRIG B Option card includes two serial communication int...

Page 261: ... D Communication port D LC ber connector 62 5 100mm or 50 125mm multimode glass Wavelength 1300nm Optional LC 100 Mbps Ethernet card supports HSR and PRP protocols according to IEC 61850 substation communication standard Card has IEEE1588 PIP clock sync functionality Card has two PRP HSR ports which are 100Mbps ber ports and can be con gured to 100Mbps or 10 Mbps AQ T216 Instruction manual Version...

Page 262: ...are grouped in 2 galvanically isolated groups The option card also has one galvanically isolated mA input channel This module can be ordered directly as factory installed option or it can be eld upgraded if needed after the rst installation of the IED The mA Outputs are user settable in the mA Outputs control function 8 11 Installation dimensioning IED can be installed either to a standard 19 rack...

Page 263: ...Figure 8 11 182 Dimensions of the IED Figure 8 11 183 Installation of the IED AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 262 ...

Page 264: ...Figure 8 11 184 Panel cut out and spacing of the IED AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 263 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 265: ... Angle measurement inaccuracy 0 2 I 0 1A 1 0 I 0 1A Burden 50Hz 60Hz 0 1VA Transient overreach 8 Coarse residual current input I01 Rated current In 1A con gurable 0 2A 10A Thermal withstand 25A continuous 100A for 10s 500A for 1s 1250A for 0 01s Frequency measurement range from 6Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 5mA 150A rms Current measurement inaccuracy...

Page 266: ...rence is 0 2 and angle difference 0 5 degrees higher at 16 67Hz and other frequencies 9 1 1 2 Frequency measurement Table 9 1 1 2 148 Frequency measurement accuracy Frequency measurement performance Frequency measuring range 6 75 Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic current or voltage Inaccuracy 10 mHz 9 1 2 CPU Power supply 9 1 2 1 Auxiliary voltage Table 9 1 2 1 149 Power supply model A Rated valu...

Page 267: ...ls FTP Telnet Features Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Cannot be used for system protocols only for local programming Table 9 1 2 2 152 Rear panel system communication port A Port Port media Copper Ethernet RJ 45 Number of ports 1pcs Features Port protocols IEC61850 IEC104 Modbus TCP DNP 3 0 FTP Telnet Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Can be used for system protocols and f...

Page 268: ...ty Software settable Normally On Normally Off Current drain 2 mA Terminal block connection Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter Phoenix Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 2 5mm2 9 1 2 4 CPU Binary outputs Table 9 1 2 4 155 Normal Open binary outputs Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265V AC DC Continuous carry 5A Make and carry 0 5s Make and carry 3s 30A 15A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48VDC at...

Page 269: ...cal data Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 5 265V AC DC Current drain 2 mA Scanning rate Activation release delay 5 ms 5 11 ms Settings Pick up threshold Release threshold Software settable 5 240V by step of 1V Software settable 5 240V by step of 1V Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800s Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Solid or stranded wire Maximu...

Page 270: ...nstant operating time light only Typically 5 ms dedicated semiconductor outputs Typically 10 ms regular output relays Table 9 1 3 3 160 High Speed Outputs HSO1 2 Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 250Vdc Continuous carry 2A Make and carry 0 5s Make and carry 3s 15A 6A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms 1A 110W Control rate 5ms Operation delay 1ms Polarity Normally Off Contact material Semiconductor ...

Page 271: ...ling range Output scaling range 0 4000 mA 1000000 1000000 setting step 0 0001 mA output Inaccuracy 0 24 mA 0 01 mA Response time 5ms cycle Fixed 5 ms mA output scaling range Source signal scaling range 0 24 mA setting step 0 001mA 1000000 1000000 setting step 0 0001 9 1 3 5 RTD mA input module Table 9 1 3 5 163 RTD mA input module technical data Channels 1 8 2 3 4 wire RTD and thermocouple sensors...

Page 272: ...resolution 320 x 160 Size 84 78mm 49 90mm Display Type of display LCD Color Monochrome 9 2 Functions 9 2 1 Protection functions 9 2 1 1 Non directional overcurrent 50 51 I Table 9 2 1 1 167 Non directional overcurrent 50 51 technical data Input signals Input magnitudes Phase current fundamental freq RMS Phase current TRMS Phase current peak to peak Pick up Pick up current setting 0 10 50 00 x In s...

Page 273: ... I0 Table 9 2 1 2 168 Non directional earth fault 50N 51N technical data Input signals Input magnitudes Residual current fundamental freq RMS Residual current TRMS Residual current peak to peak Pick up Used magnitude Measured residual current I01 1 A Measured residual current I02 0 2 A Calculated residual current I0Calc 5 A Pick up current setting 0 0001 40 00 x In setting step 0 0001 x In Inaccur...

Page 274: ...ponent I2pu Relative unbalance I2 I1 Pick up setting 0 01 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In I2pu 1 00 200 00 setting step 0 01 I2 I1 Minimum phase current least 1 phase above 0 01 2 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In Inaccuracy Starting I2pu Starting I2 I1 1 0 unit or 100 mA 0 10 4 0 x IN 1 0 unit or 100 mA 0 10 4 0 x IN Operating time De nite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s settin...

Page 275: ...tting ANSI IEC 0 02 1800 00 s setting step 0 001 x parameter IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT Constant B IDMT Constant C IDMT Constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 20 ms 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip ...

Page 276: ...ng 0 050 1800 000 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Current criteria Im Iset ratio 1 05 DO or DI only 1 0 or 55 ms 15 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of pick up current setting Reset time 50 ms 9 2 1 6 Restricted earth fault Cable end differential 87N Iod Table 9 2 1 6 172 Restricted earth fault Cable end differential 87N technical data Input signals Input magnitudes Phase currents I01 I02 fundamental fre...

Page 277: ...istance temperature detector alarm 49RTD T Table 9 2 1 8 174 Resistance temperature detector alarm 49RTD technical data Inputs Input magnitudes Measured temperatures Alarm channels 12 individual alarm channels Settable alarms Two per each channel total of 24 alarms available Pick up Alarm setting range Inaccuracy Reset ratio 101 00 2000 00 deg setting step 0 1 deg either under or over setting 3 of...

Page 278: ...oint 2 Slope 2 0 01 100 00 by step of 0 01 Default 10 00 0 01 50 00xIn by step of 0 01xIn Default 1 00xIn 0 01 250 00 by step of 0 01 Default 10 00 0 01 50 00xIn by step of 0 01xIn Default 3 00xIn 0 01 250 00 by step of 0 01 Default 200 00 Idi Pick up 200 00 1500 00 by step of 0 01 Default 600 00 Internal harmonic blocking selection None 2nd harmonic 5th harmonic both 2nd harmonic blocking Pick up...

Page 279: ...In setting Point sensor detection radius 180 degrees Operation time Light only Semiconductor outputs HSO1 and HSO2 Regular relay outputs Typically 7 ms 3 12 ms Typically 10 ms 6 5 15 ms Light current criteria zone1 4 Semiconductor outputs HSO1 and HSO2 Regular relay outputs Typically 10 ms 6 5 14 ms Typically 14 ms 10 18 ms Arc BI only Semiconductor outputs HSO1 and HSO2 Regular relay outputs Typi...

Page 280: ...echnical data Input signals Input magnitudes Phase current fundamental freq RMS Residual current fundamental freq RMS optional Pick up Pick up current setting Iset Highlimit Iset Lowlimit Isum difference Iset ratio I2 I1 ratio 0 10 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 0 01 100 00 setting step 0 01 Inaccuracy Starting IL1 IL2 IL3 Starting I2 I1 Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A 0 5 ISET or 15 mA 0 1...

Page 281: ...01 kA 0 200000 Operations by step of 1 Operation 0 200000 Operations by step of 1 Operation Pick up setting for Alarm 1 and Alarm 2 0 200000 operations setting step 1 operation Inaccuracy Inaccuracy for current operations counter Current measurement element Operation counter 0 1xIn I 2 xIn 0 2 of measured current rest 0 5 0 5 of operations deducted 9 2 3 4 Total harmonic distortion THD Table 9 2 3...

Page 282: ...inputs and outputs 4kV 5 50ns 5kHz Surge EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 5 Between wires 2 kV 1 2 50µs Between wire and earth 4 kV 1 2 50µs Radiated RF electromagnetic eld EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 3 f 80 1000 MHz 10V m Conducted RF eld EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 6 f 150 kHz 80 MHz 10V Table 9 3 185 Voltage tests Dielectric voltage test EN 60255 27 IEC 60255 5 EN 60255 1 2 kV 50Hz 1min Impulse voltage test EN ...

Page 283: ...protection degree IP54 front IP21 rear Temperature ranges Ambient service temperature range 35 70 C Transport and storage temperature range 40 70 C Other Altitude 2000m Overvoltage category III Pollution degree 2 Casing and package Table 9 3 189 Dimensions and weight Device Device dimensions W x H x D mm Casing height 4U width rack depth 210 mm Device weight 1 5kg With package Package dimensions W...

Page 284: ...10 Ordering information AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 283 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 285: ...AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 284 ...

Page 286: ...nit 25000 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01C Light point sensor unit 50000 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd 8000 Lux threshold AQ 02B Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd 25000 Lux threshold AQ 02C Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m ...

Page 287: ... Wolf ntie 36 F 12 65200 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 URL url www arcteq email sales sales arcteq Technical support site https arcteq support landing Technical support 358 10 3221 388 EET 8 00 16 00 AQ T216 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 286 ...

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