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sensitivity, decreasing the gain will increase the dynamic reserve.

1.8 Signal Input Amplifier and Filters

A lock-in amplifier can measure signals as small as a few nanovolts. The gain of the low noise signal amplifier should be
large enough so that the output signal can be digitized by the A/D converter without degrading the signal to noise ratio
(SNR). The analog gain of the SE1022 ranges from roughly 7 to 1000 times. Higher gains do not improve the SNR.

The overall gain (AC plus DC) is determined by the sensitivity and the distribution of the gain is set by the dynamic
reserve.

Input Noise

In SE1022, the input noise is about

Hz

nVrm

/

10

. If an amplifier has

Hz

nVrm

/

10

of input noise and a gain of

1000, the output will have

Hz

Vrm

/

10



of noise. Suppose the output of the amplifier is low-pass filtered by a single

RC filter (6 dB/oct rolloff) with 100ms time constant.

Input noise of lock-in amplifier and Johnson noise of resistors are both Gaussian in nature. That is to say, the amplitude of
noise is proportional to the square root of the noise bandwidth. A single-stage RC filter has an ENBW of 1/4T where T is
the time constant (RxC) which means that Gaussian noise is filtered with an effective bandwidth equal to ENBW. In this

case, the filter sees

Hz

Vrm

/

10



of input noise and has an ENBW of 1/(4

×

100ms) or 2.5 Hz. The voltage noise at

the filter output will be

Hz

Hz

Vrm

5

.

2

/

10





or 15.8 μVrms.

For Gaussian noise, the peak-peak noise is about 5 times the rms noise. Thus, the output noise will be about 79μVrms.
Input noise works in the same way. For sensitivities below 5μV, the value of input noise determines the output noise.

ENBW depends on the time constant and filter roll off. For example, suppose the SE1022 is set to <5 μV> full scale, <100
ms> time constant and <6dB/oct> roll off. Thus, ENBW is 2.5 Hz. This leads to 7.9nVrms input noise. At the output, this
causes about 0.16% of full scale (7.9nV/5μV). The peak to peak noise will be about 0.8% of full scale.

Assume that the signal input is from a low impedance source. The Johnson noise of resistors equals to

R



13

.

0

. Take

a 100

Ω

resistor for example, its noise is greater than the input noise of SE1022. The overall noise of multiple noise

sources is determined by the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual noise figures. For example, if a 1k

Ω

source impedance is used, the Johnson noise will be

Hz

nVrm

/

11

.

4

.

At low gains (sensitivities above 50

μ

V), the gain is not high enough to amplify the input noise to a level greater than the

noise of the A/D converter. In these cases, the output noise is mainly the A/D noise. At these sensitivities, the DC gain is
low and the noise at the output is negligible.)

Notch Filters

There are two notch filters in the signal amplifier chain in SE1022. They are pre-tuned to the line frequency and twice the

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Содержание SE1022

Страница 1: ...SE1022 Digital Lock in Amplifier User Manual Saluki Technology Inc ...

Страница 2: ... salukitec com 2 The document applies to following models SE1022 DSP Lock in Amplifier 1 mHz to 102 kHz Standard Pack 1 Main Machine 1 Power Cord 1 USB Cable 2 BNC Connection Cable 1 Spare Fuse 2A 250VAC 1 U Disk or CD for User Manual and PC Software ...

Страница 3: ...mitted for the purpose of making profit without its prior permission otherwise Saluki will reserve the right to investigate and affix legal liability of infringement Product Quality Assurance The warranty period of the product is 36 months from the date of delivery The instrument manufacturer will repair or replace damaged parts according to the actual situation within the warranty period Product ...

Страница 4: ...s 15 1 9 Input Connections 16 1 10 Intrinsic Noise Sources 17 1 11 External Noise Sources 19 1 12 Aux In Out 21 1 13 Sweep Frequency and Amplitude of Signal Generator 21 1 14 FFT Spectral Analysis 21 1 15 Multi harmonic Detection 22 2 Interfaces 23 2 1 Front Panel 23 2 2 Rear Panel 24 2 3 Main Display 25 3 Menus 28 3 1 INPUT FILTERS 28 3 2 REF PHASE 29 3 3 GAIN TC 36 3 4 DISPLAY 38 3 5 SAVE RECALL...

Страница 5: ...Self Test 98 6 2 DC Offset 98 6 3 Common Mode Rejection 99 6 4 Amplitude Accuracy and Flatness 100 6 5 Amplitude Linearity 101 6 6 Frequency Accuracy 102 6 7 Sine Output Amplitude Accuracy and Flatness 102 6 8 DC Outputs and Inputs 103 6 9 Input Noise 104 6 10 Performance Test Record 105 7 Operation Examples 109 7 1 Simple Signal Measurements 109 7 2 Harmonics Measurements 113 7 3 Optical Spectral...

Страница 6: ...s will amplify both the noise signals and the required signals If there is no band limiting or filtering amplification will decrease the signal to noise ratio SNR Therefore filtering is needed to purify the signal and increase the SNR in order to measure the weak signal accurately PSD can be seen as a band pass filter with a very narrow bandwidth The basic modules of PSD include a multiplier modul...

Страница 7: ...his part is zero In the frequency region we can redraw these three parts The first part is at 0Hz which is known as the DC component of one signal The second part is at 2fref Hz The third part is a random signal at all the frequencies such as white noise The frequency spectrum of white noise does not change after any frequency drifts To sum up the LPF output is defines as cos 2 1 R I Output A A S ...

Страница 8: ...de control signal which is associated with the detected signal The SE1022 reference input can trigger on an analog signal such as a sine wave or a TTL logic signal The input is AC coupled and the input impedance is 1MΩ Generally both the sine wave and the TTL signal can be used as the reference signal However the generator s sine output has a small and varying amplitude Meanwhile many function gen...

Страница 9: ...e PSD in the SE1022 acts as a digital multiplier as is shown in Fig 5 The input signal amplified and filtered is converted to digital signal by a 24 bits A D converter and then goes into the PSD The reference sine wave is computed to 24 bit of accuracy and the accuracy of the whole PSD is 48 bit The PSD module in lock in amplifier is mainly used to implement the coherent modulation of the input si...

Страница 10: ...frequency Only the signal whose frequency is exactly equal to the reference frequency will result in a DC output The low pass filter LPF at the PSD output removes all the AC signals that unwanted including the 2F sum of the signal and the reference and the noise signals This filter is what makes the lock in such a narrow band detector Time Constants The bandwidth setting of the low pass filter is ...

Страница 11: ...cause the capacitors required for the RC filters are prohibitively large in value and size Why would you use such a long time constant Sometimes you have no choice If the reference is below 1 Hz with a lot of noise at low frequency the PSD output will contain many low frequency components Nevertheless the synchronous filter only filters out the harmonic component of the reference frequency and the...

Страница 12: ...nal and the setting scale Otherwise the SE1022 shows the values of CH1 and CH2 on the front panel including the value of X Y R θ of the test signal The display interface of SE1022 is shown in Fig 6 SE1022 can display the value of CH1 and CH2 through bars in addition to numbers To discover the changes of data you can observe the data in the time region Fig 6 Display Interface of SE1022 Fig 7 Polar ...

Страница 13: ...cale When the sensitivity is changed the percentage does not change The X Y and R outputs can be expanded It s realized by multiplying the output with an expansion factor Thus a signal which is only 10 of full scale can be expanded to provide 10 V rather than 1 V The general use for expansion is to increase the measurement resolution around some value which is not zero When the output does not exc...

Страница 14: ...becomes part of the DC signal after the PSD This enlarges the output error of the lock in amplifier The dynamic reserve is related to noise frequency The dynamic reserve is 0dB at reference frequency and increases when the noise frequency moves away from the reference frequency It reaches a maximum value when the frequency is far enough The dynamic reserve near the reference frequency is important...

Страница 15: ...f input noise and has an ENBW of 1 4 100ms or 2 5 Hz The voltage noise at the filter output will be Hz Hz Vrm 5 2 10 or 15 8 μVrms For Gaussian noise the peak peak noise is about 5 times the rms noise Thus the output noise will be about 79μVrms Input noise works in the same way For sensitivities below 5μV the value of input noise determines the output noise ENBW depends on the time constant and fi...

Страница 16: ...uency is 312 5 kHz However signals above 156 kHz cannot reach the A D converter These signals would violate the Nyquist criterion and be under sampled The result of under sampling is to make the higher frequency signals appear as lower frequency signal in the digital data stream This would make the measurement wrong To avoid under sampling the analog signal is filtered to remove signals above 154 ...

Страница 17: ... this mode take care that the two cables travel the same path between the experiment and the lock in There should not be a large loop area enclosed by the two cables Otherwise measurement is susceptible to magnetic pickup 1 10 Intrinsic Noise Sources Noise is defined as any negative factors which will affect the result of measurement Noise is random unpredictable and temporary Good experimental de...

Страница 18: ... 57 nA which is about 0 000006 of Idc At a smaller current the fluctuation is larger For example if Idc is 1 μA and B is still 10 kHz then I is about 0 006 or 85 dB If Idc is 1 pA then I is about 5 6 or 56 fA In fact shot noise is one kind of the white noise Its power spectrum density is given by 2 2 Hz A qld f Ssl The formula is based on the assumption that carriers in the current do not affect e...

Страница 19: ...ract from the actual signal and cause errors in the measurement Fortunately external noise sources can be reduced through various ways Capacitive Coupling The mutual capacity between wires is often called stray capacity Cstray An AC voltage from a nearby piece of apparatus can couple to a detector via Cstray Although Cstray may be very small the coupled noise may still be larger than a weak experi...

Страница 20: ...ound loop problems include 1 Connect all grounds to the same physical point 2 Use a heavy ground bus to reduce the resistance of ground connections 3 Remove sources of large ground currents from the ground bus Microphonics Not all noise source are electrical in origin According to microphonic effects mechanical noise can be transformed into electrical noise Physical changes in the device or cables...

Страница 21: ... analog signals or DC signals the signals come from temperature sensor and pressure sensor This is useful for proportional operation and transferring data to computer Because of the internal special structure of the 4 AUX ADC channels the measurement result is about 2 048V when the input is floating There are also four 16 bit high precision AUX ADC output channels in SE1022 The output voltage rang...

Страница 22: ...ter this transformation the total operation times will be N 2 N 2 2 N N 2 2 Thus when N 1024 the total operation times are 525312 which save about 50 of the computation SE1022 develops and integrates the function of FFT high accuracy spectrum analysis which can realize the frequency domain analysis from 1 kHz to 102 kHz and display the spectrum distribution of the signal in real time The setting o...

Страница 23: ...options and another is to highlight some parameters and then use the knob or keyboard to input For all functions soft key only work with parameters that are adjacent to it Spin Knob The knob is used to adjust parameters which are highlighted Most parameters can be adjusted by the spin knob Keyboard The keyboard consists of 3 groups of buttons The ENTRY area is used to input the highlighted paramet...

Страница 24: ... instrument This power connector with a build in fuse receives 220 V 50 Hz AC power And it can filter high frequency noise USB The SE1022 lock in amplifier communicates with the PC through a USB interface so that the PC can control the SE1022 and read data directly from it AUX IN AUX_ADC input 1 4 A D Inputs These are auxiliary analog inputs which can be digitized The range is 10V to 10V AUX OUT A...

Страница 25: ...f measurement Users can switch what to display in the submenu DISPLAY Status bars can show the following parameters Sens The value of sensitivity Filter The value of the filter roll off Notch The status of notch filter TC The value of time constant DR The status of dynamic reserve Sync The status of synchronous filter Cpl The couple mode Src The input mode X The X value of input signal Y The Y val...

Страница 26: ...lso optional such as number chart bar chart XY coordinate graph and pole coordinate graph More details about setting is in DISPLAY submenu 3 Monitoring Bar The monitoring bar is at the bottom of the screen as is shown in Fig 14 Overload To indicate an input overload or amplification overload If there is no overload it shows Overload NONE NONE If an input overload it shows Overload INPUT NONE If an...

Страница 27: ...t signal Ref Source The mode of the reference signal Internal or External PLL The status of PLL If the internal reference is used it shows PLL UNLOCK If the external reference is used it shows PLL LOCKED Fig 14 Main Interface Monitoring Bar 4 Function Bar Fig 15 Main Interface Function Bar As is shown in Fig 15 users can choose different functions in the function bar It s operated by 5 soft keys w...

Страница 28: ...ounding Coupling and Line Notches Fig 16 INPUT FILTERS submenu 3 1 1 Source Setting the Input Signal Mode A Single ended voltage input mode A B Differential voltage input mode I Current input mode Note that when choose mode A and mode A B the amplitude of the input signal must be less than 1Vrms 3 1 2 Current Gain Setting the Current Gain 1M The input current is amplified by the gain of 106 V A 10...

Страница 29: ...d If the signal frequency is less than 200 Hz DC should be chosen 3 1 5 Line Notches Setting the Status of the Notch Filters None Turn off all notch filters Line Turn on the 50 60 Hz notch filter to suppress the power line interference 2 Line Turn on the 100 120 Hz notch filter to suppress the second harmonic interference of power Both Turn on the 50 60 Hz and the 100 120 Hz notch filter Generally...

Страница 30: ...e is from 180 to 180 For phase it s meaningful only when there is a reference In the system the default reference phase is the phase of REF IN after locked by a high precision PLL Other phases are relative to this reference phase 3 2 2 Ref source Setting the Reference Source External The external reference signal Ref slope can be set here Internal The internal reference signal In this mode the ref...

Страница 31: ...TTL logic Thus it is beneficial to choose Sine to trigger Moreover choose TTL signal if the signal frequency is very low 1Hz If the input reference signal is sine wave choose SINE to trigger In this mode the instrument will do precision truing for the REF IN input and then detect the frequency and phase information Otherwise the system has no requirement on the signal duty cycle no matter what the...

Страница 32: ...ting step frequency In the Log mode the step type is the percentage of frequency For example in the Log sweep mode the sweep step is 10 of the frequency the start frequency is 1 kHz and the cutoff frequency is 2kHz The process of frequency sweep is 1000 000 Hz 1100 000 Hz 1210 000 Hz 1331 000 Hz 1464 000 Hz 1610 510 Hz 1771 561 Hz 1948 717 Hz 2000 000 Hz Sweep Set Setting frequency sweep parameter...

Страница 33: ...ency and the minimum maximum resolution of the step time is 1mS 100S Sweep Run Setting frequency sweep running mode Stop stop sweep Single single sweep Loop loop sweep When start from Single sweep SE1022 does an internal frequency sweep according to the settings of users After that the status jumps back to Stop automatically When start from Loop sweep SE1022 does constant loop sweep until users sw...

Страница 34: ...es It is necessary to set List in the Full option of the Display submenu during detecting double harmonic 3 2 7 Sine Output Setting the Sine Output SE1022 can output sine wave whose amplitude range is from 0V to 5V through the Sine Out BNC connector on front panel In its secondary submenu users can set Sweep Type Voltage Sweep Set and Sweep Run Besides there are 3 modes to choose in Sweep Type inc...

Страница 35: ...s and the minimum resolution is 0 001Vrms Sweep Set Setting the parameters of amplitude sweep Start the start amplitude of sweep Stop the cutoff amplitude of sweep Step in Linear mode the Step is the step amplitude of sweep in the Log mode the Step is the percentage of amplitude Time the step time interval of sweep Users can set the start amplitude cutoff amplitude step and time through keyboard a...

Страница 36: ...as is shown in Fig 24 There are 5 function settings in the submenu including Sensitivity Reserve Time Constant Filter dB oct and Synchronous Fig 24 GAIN TC Submenu 3 3 1 Sensitivity Setting the Full Scale Sensitivity Choose an appropriate full scale sensitivity according to the amplitude of the input signal Adjust the value through the soft keys or spin knob Table 1 Full Scale Sensitivity 1 nV fA ...

Страница 37: ...etting the Time Constants The range of time constant is from 10 us to 3000 s Adjust the value through soft keys and spin knob Table 2 Time Constants 10 μs 3 ms 1 s 300 s 30 μs 10 ms 3 s 1000 s 100 μs 30 ms 10 s 3000 s 300 μs 100 ms 30 s 1 ms 300 ms 100 s 3 3 4 Filter dB oct Setting the Roll off Slope of the Low Pass Filter 6dB oct The roll off slope is 6 dB oct 12dB oct The roll off slope is 12 dB...

Страница 38: ...ubmenu Fig 25 DISPLAY Submenu 3 4 1 Monitor Setting Status Bar Display Settings The current setting parameters and status will be shown in the status bar at the top left of the screen such as Sensitivity Filter and so on Output The real time values of R X Y and θ will be shown in the status bar Input The real time values of AD1 AD2 AD3 and AD4 of the AUX_ADC output on rear panel will be shown in t...

Страница 39: ...Tel 886 909 602 109 Email sales salukitec com www salukitec com 39 Fig 27 Full Chart Display Fig 28 Full FFT Display Fig 29 Full List Display ...

Страница 40: ...esides the values of X and Y are visible It s very convenient and intuitive 2 Chart XY coordinates chart It displays the curve of the measurement results Users can watch the value of sample points by controlling Cursor through spin knob Chart always picks up the measured data cooperating with SAMPLE submenu and CONTROL area as is shown in Fig 27 3 FFT spectrum map Compute the spectrum information ...

Страница 41: ...way of bottom area will change just like the Top mode Type Trace Setting the way of display Switch Type or Trace to set by soft keys The chosen one will be highlighted and then switch the wanted mode through knob Type How to display Users can choose polar polar coordinates chart XY coordinates and Bar number percentage Besides FFT and LIST are optional in the Full mode Trace What to display Users ...

Страница 42: ...nput signal θh2 The θ value of 2th channel harmonic of the input signal E1 The 1th Equation value E2 The 2th Equation value E3 The 3th Equation value E4 The 4th Equation value 3 4 3 Equation Setting the Equation The function of Equations is to do basic proportional calculation with the measurement values The results output through CH1 CH2 BNCs on front panel The equation is fixed C B A Equation A ...

Страница 43: ...bmenu Range Setting display range Range is used to set the largest scale of Bar Chart and Polar chart The input range of Range is 1 nV to 1 V This range will change in sync with the change of Sensitivity Besides it can be set numerically through the keyboard For example 1 00e 01 means 1 00 10 1 V that is 100mV Keep Sensitivity unchanged and then change the value of Range Set Range 1 00e 03 1mV the...

Страница 44: ... parameters and status Users can save in S1 S2 S3 and S4 according to their individual favorites As is shown in Fig 34 Save Recall choose Save Channel chooses S1 Execute choose YES and then the current setting parameters and status will be saved in S1 In this case the current parameters and status can be save in S1 Save Recall choose Recall Channel chooses S1 and Execute choose YES to recall the a...

Страница 45: ...h1 Rh2 Xh2 Yh2 or Noise V Expand offset 10 Sens rce Signal sou Output 2 When source is θ θh1 θh2 V 10 180 rce Signal sou Output 3 When source is E1 to E4 Equation in addition to the two equations above there are other options as below a AUX_IN1 AUX_IN4 output the input voltage b Constant coefficient directly correspond Such as 10 corresponds to 10V 5 corresponds to 5V c frequency Every stage of th...

Страница 46: ...log level of the channel output θ the corresponding analog level of the channel output Xh1 the corresponding analog level of the channel output Yh1 the corresponding analog level of the channel output Rh1 the corresponding analog level of the channel output θh1 the corresponding analog level of the channel output Xh2 the corresponding analog level of the channel output Yh2 the corresponding analog...

Страница 47: ... Offset and Expand will not affect the data display in dynamic area 3 6 3 Speed Setting the Output Speed Choose the Offset Expand and enter the secondary submenu as is shown in Fig 36 Slow the data output speed of channel CH1 CH2 is 10 Hz Fast the data output speed of channel CH1 CH2 is 312 5 kHz 3 7 SAMPLE SAMPLE submenu is used to control the sampling and storage There are 5 settings in this sub...

Страница 48: ...the Sample Length Setting the sample data length range 1 to 16384 When the data sampling is being executed if the Length value is set smaller than the length of the current sampling sampling will stop immediately in single sample mode But in the loop sample mode sampling will start again from the first point 3 7 3 Select Setting the Sampling Object The Select secondary menu is shown in Fig 38 Fig ...

Страница 49: ...ling pulse is input from BNC TRIG_IN on rear panel Sample a point at each sampling pulse and the sampling rate is not more than 500 Hz Internal trigger mode and external trigger mode both control the sampling to start stop or reset through the buttons in CONTROL area 3 7 5 Sample Mode Setting Sample Mode Single Signal sample mode Loop Long sample mode In Single mode the system will automatically s...

Страница 50: ...o AUX_DAC2 on rear panel DA3 Output The third channel output of AUX DAC corresponding to AUX_DAC3 on rear panel DA4 Output The forth channel output of AUX DAC corresponding to AUX_DAC4 on rear panel 3 9 SYSTEM SYSTEM submenu includes the system information and settings of SE1022 like instrument information screen brightness and the settings of RS232 communications as is shown in Fig 40 Fig 40 SYST...

Страница 51: ...nu shown in Fig 41 This submenu displays related information about the R D unit of the instrument Fig 41 INFO Submenu Choose Version and the interface displays the version of SE1022 as is shown in Fig 42 Fig 42 INFO Version Choose Contact and the interface displays contact information as is shown in Fig 43 ...

Страница 52: ...Tel 886 909 602 109 Email sales salukitec com www salukitec com 52 Fig 43 INFO Contact Information 3 9 2 Screen Submenu Fig 44 Screen Submenu Style 1 Fig 45 Screen Submenu Style 2 ...

Страница 53: ...knob 3 9 3 RS232 Setting the RS232 Mode Choose the RS232 secondary submenu to enter Fig 46 Fig 46 RS232 Submenu There are 3 function settings in the submenu including Baud Rate Word Length and Parity Baud Rate Setting the baud rate Press the corresponding soft keys and knob to adjust the baud rate The value can be set as 600 1200 2400 9600 19200 38000 43000 56000 57600 115200 230400 380400 460800 ...

Страница 54: ...the setting of Sensitivity according to the current R The principle is that the system should choose an appropriate Sensitivity but no more than the maximum sensitivity The Auto Gain function in SE1022 needs some response time generally less than 5s If the current R fluctuates a lot the setting for Auto Gain might be fail In this case users should switch current menu to the GAIN TC submenu and set...

Страница 55: ...en sampling is stopped press the START button and the system will start sampling again from the beginning until the ending point stops If press the PAUSE button when the sampling is executing Sampling will be paused In this case press the START CONT button and the sampling will be continued 3 11 2 PAUSE CLEAR Pause Sampling or Clear Sampling Data The PAUSE CLEAR button has two functions One is to ...

Страница 56: ... More menu CURSOR makes sense when the data sampling is executing or pausing 3 11 4 ACTIVE CHART Choose Chart as the Active Area The ACTIVE CHART is used to choose the Top or Bottom area of Chart as the current active area Cursor only makes sense in active area The chosen active area will be highlighted at the top left corner of the Chart The Chart in Full area is always active Therefore the ACTIV...

Страница 57: ... order received If the buffer fills up the new commands will cover the oldest and processed commands SE1022 allows users to query the current value of internal parameters through commands A query is formed by appending a question mark to the command mnemonic and omitting the desired parameter s from the command Values returned by the SE1022 are sent as a string of ASCII characters terminated by a ...

Страница 58: ...TL reference must be used SWPT i The SWPT command sets or queries the mode of internal frequency sweep The parameter i selects Linear i 0 or Log i 1 SLLM f The SLLM command sets or queries the Start frequency in internal frequency sweep mode The SLLM command will return the start frequency The range of f is 0 100kHz and the minimum resolution is 1mHz SULM f The SULM command sets or queries the Sto...

Страница 59: ... x The SVUL command sets or queries Stop cutoff amplitude in Sine Output sweep mode The SVUL command will return the cutoff amplitude of sweeping amplitude The range of x is 0 000Vrms x 5 000Vrms and the minimum resolution is 0 001Vrms SVSL x The SVSL command sets or queries Step amplitude in Linear Sine Output sweep mode The SVSL command will return the step amplitude of linear sweeping amplitude...

Страница 60: ...and return string 0 18 17 In this case for the Equation2 A is the value of R B is the value of C1 C is the value of Freq EQCS i x The EQCS command sets or queries two coefficients C1 C2 The parameter i selects to set C1 i 1 or C2 i 2 and is required when sending this command The parameter is used to set the value of coefficients and the range is 10 000 x 10 000 For example send command EQCS 2 5 00...

Страница 61: ... and 100Hz notch filter at the same time I 2 or open the 100Hz notch filter i 3 4 2 4 Sensitivity and Time Constants Commands SENS i The SENS command sets or queries the sensitivity The parameter i is used to select a different range i sensitivity i sensitivity 1 1 nV fA 15 50 uV pA 2 2 nV fA 16 100 uV pA 3 5 nV fA 17 200 uV pA 4 10 nV fA 18 500 uV pA 5 20 nV fA 19 1 mV nA 6 50 nV fA 20 2 mV nA 7 ...

Страница 62: ...er The parameter i selects Off i 0 or On i 1 The synchronous filtering is turned on only when the reference frequency is less than 200 Hz 4 2 5 Displayed and Output Commands FPOP i j The FPOP i command sets and queries the output channel on the front panel of SE1022 The parameter i must be set when sending this command The parameter i selects CH1 i 1 or CH2 i 2 as the output channel The parameter ...

Страница 63: ... offset and expand of the corresponding parameter of i The returned string contains both the offset and expand separated by a comma For example if the OEXP 2 command returns 50 00 1 then the offset of Y is 50 00 and the expand of Y is 10 OAUX i x The OAUX Command sets or queries the AUX_DAC output values The parameter i must be set when sending this command The parameter i is used to select a DAC ...

Страница 64: ... the Auto Phase function It is the same as pressing the Auto Phase key The outputs will take some time to reach their new values Do not send a new APHS command without waiting the appropriate amount time If the phase is unstable then APHS will do nothing Use PHAS Command to query the new value of the phase shift and see if APHS changed the phase shift ASCL The ASCL command performs the Auto Scale ...

Страница 65: ...INT i 0 or outer trigger mode EXT i 1 SPRM i The SPRM command sets or queries the mode of data sampling The parameter i selects Single mode i 0 or Loop mode i 1 STRD The STRD command starts or continues data sampling PAUS The PAUS command pauses data sampling REST The REST command resets the data buffers This command will empty the four data buffers including Buffer1 to Buffer4 4 2 9 Data Read Com...

Страница 66: ...es of no more than 13 parameters at a single instant For example SNAP is a way to query values of X Y R θ and F which are taken at the same time This is important when the time constant is very short Using the OUTP or OUTR commands will result in time delays which may be greater than the time constant between reading two different parameters The SNAP Command requires at least two parameters and at...

Страница 67: ...nd TRCA i j k The TRCA command queries the data Buffer1 to Buffer 4 in the channel i Buffer The values are returned as ASCII floating point numbers with the units of the trace Multiple points are separated by commas and the final point is followed by a terminator For example the response of two points might be 1 234567e 009 7 654321e 009 The parameter i selects the display buffer i 1 2 3 4 and is ...

Страница 68: ...ww salukitec com 68 IDN The IDN query returns the SE1022 s device identification string This string is in the format SSL LIA SE1022 SNXXXXXX VerXXX In this example the model name is SE1022 the serial number is SN0001 the firmware version is Ver 1 00 ...

Страница 69: ...he CD disk as below in Fig 48 Fig 48 Software files 1 Install the UART to USB Driver Double click FT232_drive exe in Fig 49 in the fourth file Uart Driver in Fig 48 Fig 49 Uart Driver files Double click the file FT232_drive exe in Fig 49 and then you can see the Fig 50 which shows the installation is running Fig 50 FT232 Driver Installing Interface ...

Страница 70: ...tion will run automatically If you have already installed the Serial to USB diver skip this step If the installation fails open readme txt in file Uart Driver and use file inf to install 2 Install NI LabView 2011 or Higher Version and the VISA Driver 1 You need to open the first file SE1022_Console Drivers in Fig 48 and start to install just as shown in Fig 52 2 Double click the file setup exe and...

Страница 71: ...in Windows 7 XP 2 Double click the file SE1022_Console_EN exe in Fig 53 red box If the installation is right and then you will see the Fig 54 3 Now you can configure the SE1022 parameters in PC Fig 53 SE1022_Console_EN File Fig 54 SE1022 Software Interface 5 2 How to Use the Software 1 Begin to Run In Fig 55 if you see Connecting as left it means the program is running If you see Connect as right ...

Страница 72: ... Connection This part shows you how to connect the PC and the SE1022 As is shown in Fig 56 click the button Fig 56 Current Connection Status The program begins to run and search for the proper COM automatically If the connection succeeds you will see the version information in Fig 57 Fig 57 Connection Succeeds Wait for a few seconds If the interface pops up a prompt box like Fig 58 it means that t...

Страница 73: ... with USB you can go to Device Manager to search COM and LPT In this case you can know which COM is used to connect currently If the COM is right wait for a few seconds and the connection status will refresh to Fig 57 The second solution a Click Wait until it becomes b Click again c Repeat the operations 1 and 2 until the connection is successful After connection successes as is shown in Fig 60 th...

Страница 74: ...eds 3 Input Configuration The program configuration area of input signal is as shown in the red box in Fig 61 The details of the configuration are listed on Table 3 Fig 61 The Configuration Area of Input Signal Table 3 Input Configuration Input Source Single Ended Voltage Differential Voltage Current ...

Страница 75: ... Open the 50Hz notch filter to suppress the frequency interference Both Notch Filters Open the 50Hz and 100Hz notch filters to suppress the frequency and frequency second harmonic interference 2x Line Notch Open the 100Hz notch filters to suppress the frequency interference Note that After finishing all the settings click to finish the configuration for input signal All settings can be changed at ...

Страница 76: ...ising Edge Sine Zero Crossing Int Frequency Manually 1mHz to 102kHz by one step of 1mHz at least Note that After finishing all the settings click the button to finish the configuration for input signal All settings can be changed at the same time and you just need to click the button once After changing the settings you need to click to finish this configuration Otherwise the settings are void Fre...

Страница 77: ...uency range is from 1mHz to 102kHz and the minimum resolution is 1Hz Linear Step Time ms Setting the step time for every sweep manually The step range is from 1ms to 100s and the minimum resolution is 1ms Int Sweep Step Hz Setting the step frequency for every sweep manually the step range is from 1Hz to 102kHz and the minimum resolution is 1Hz Int Sweep Run Mode Single Loop Stop Note that After fi...

Страница 78: ...Normal High Reserve Sensitivity 1nV fA 200nV fA 50μV pA 10mV nA 2nV fA 500nV fA 100μV pA 20mV nA 5nV fA 1μV pA 200μV pA 50mV nA 10nV fA 2μV pA 500μV pA 100mV nA 20nV fA 5μV pA 1mV nA 200mV nA 50nV fA 10μV pA 2mV nA 500mV nA 100nV fA 20μV pA 5mV nA 1V μA Note that After finishing all the settings click the button to finish the configuration for input signal All settings can be changed at the same t...

Страница 79: ...able Enable Auto Scale Disable Enable Note that After choosing all the settings click the button to finish the configuration all settings can be changed at the same time and you just need to click this button once The configurations of Auto Sensitivity Auto Reserve Auto Phase and Auto Scale are relatively independent Click the corresponding not the button to close or open the auto function The but...

Страница 80: ...oct 18dB oct 24dB oct SYNC Filter Disable Enable Note that After choosing all the settings click the button to finish the configuration all settings can be changed at the same time and you just need to click this button once After changing the settings you need to click this button to finish this configuration Otherwise the settings are void The configurations of 3 Sync Filter is relatively indepe...

Страница 81: ...s contain the X Y R θ value of signal and signal harmonic the noise value and the E1 E2 E3 E4 value Channel 2 Choose CH2 to output the required values The value types contain the X Y R θ value of signal and signal harmonic the noise value and the E1 E2 E3 E4 value Offset The range is 100 to 100 the minimal step is 0 01 0 00 in default It can only set the R X Y value Expand The range is 1 to 256 1 ...

Страница 82: ...A1 Output Control the 4 AUX_DAC output AC voltage manually The voltage range is from 10 V to 10 V and the minimum resolution is 1mV DA2 Output DA3 Output DA4 Output Note that After setting the output configuration click the button to finish the configuration all settings can be changed at the same time and you just need to click this button once After changing the settings you need to click this b...

Страница 83: ...e input of Equation manually The range is 10 to 10 and the minimum resolution is 0 001 C2 Note that After setting the output configuration click the button to finish the configuration all settings can be changed at the same time and you just need to click this button once After changing the settings you need to click this button to finish this configuration Otherwise the settings are void 11 Sine ...

Страница 84: ...mVrms to 5Vrms the minimum resolution is 1mVrms Sine Out Stop Voltage Vrms Set the stop frequency of sweep manually The frequency range is 1mVrms to 5Vrms the minimum resolution is 1mVrms Step Time ms Set the step time manually The range is 1ms to 100s the minimum resolution is 1 ms Linear Step Vrms Set the step frequency manually The range is 1mVrms to 5Vrms the minimum resolution is 1 mVrms Sine...

Страница 85: ... The Configuration Area of Data Buffer Table 13 Data Buffer Configuration Options Buffer 1 Users can choose the following value the X Y R θ of signal or signal harmonic the ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 of AUX_ADC input noise frequency the E1 E2 E3 E4 of equation and C1 C2 Buffer 2 Buffer 3 Buffer 4 Step Time ms Set the step time manually The time range is 1ms to 100s the minimum resolution is 1 ms Length S...

Страница 86: ...once After finishing one sample you can operate on the button and These two buttons are used to save and clear data in buffer After clicking the button the interface will callout this window After clicking the button the SE1022 starts to save data There will be a progress bar at the bottom of this button When the progress runs to 100 the buffer finishes saving the data Now an excel will be generat...

Страница 87: ...g this button and it displays The software is saving the current collected data 3 Click the button again and the button status will switch back to again This means the software stops saving collected data 4 In box you can modify the sampling rate of the current display and data storage The input range is 0 1s 100s 14 Display Harmonic Waveform Choose the Harmonic Wave option in left window of the s...

Страница 88: ... guidance in 5 2 and then you can start to configure Suppose that the lock in amplifier configurations are shown in Table 14 Table 14 Configuration Instance Input Source Single ended voltage input Input Amplitude 40mV Input Coupling AC Input Notch Filter Close Dynamic Reserve Low Noise Sensitivity Auto Sensitivity Reference Source External reference 1000Hz Reference Signal Trigger Way TTL rising e...

Страница 89: ...se Reference Source External Ref Trigger with other options in default as is shown in Fig 75 At last click the button to finish the configurations If you don t use Auto Phase and Auto Scale to set the phase shift and display scale automatically do not click the corresponding button and just keep it unchangeable If you use Auto Phase to set phase shift angle automatically you need to click the corr...

Страница 90: ...g 76 At last click the button to finish the configurations Fig 76 Filter Configuration If you don t use sync filter do not click the corresponding button Close and just keep it If you use sync filter click the corresponding button When this button is clicked and it displays Open the SE1022 has started the sync filter function Click this button again and it will reset to the original status This me...

Страница 91: ...he configurations Fig 77 Reserve Sensitivity Configuration Use to set sensitivity Click the button in Auto Sensitivity option Then this button displays Processing This means the SE1022 is executing auto sensitivity function And after finishing this function this button will reset to the original status Now the and options will update to the values returned by SE1022 At this time the option change ...

Страница 92: ...ww salukitec com 92 Fig 78 Auto Sensitivity Configuration Compare the two SE1022 interfaces before and after configuration as is shown in Fig 79 and Fig 80 and you will see the configurations are successful Fig 79 SENS is 100 mV before configuration ...

Страница 93: ...e in default Then uses can collect and save data Data is saved in the selected directory in the form of an Excel The file name is Data_recorded_excel xls and it has 18 columns of data Fig 81 The data saving is paused As is shown in Fig 81 click the button in the red box When this button is clicked and it displays This means the SE1022 is saving data as is shown in Fig 82 ...

Страница 94: ..._Data xls as is shown in Fig 83 Fig 83 The excel of Saved Data The specific steps are below Suppose that the data sampling step time is 50ms sampling length is 1000 The buffers 1 4 collect the value of R X Y θ respectively 1 Choose these options in the 1 configuration area of data buffer including data type step time and length with other options in default Then click the button and then click the...

Страница 95: ...d Now if you want to save data just click the button in the red box in Fig 85 Fig 85 Save the Collected Data As is shown in Fig 86 after clicking the button there will be a progress bar at the bottom of this button When the progress bar runs to 100 the SE1022 has saved the collected data in buffers Now four excel files will be generated in current directory ...

Страница 96: ...Tel 886 909 602 109 Email sales salukitec com www salukitec com 96 Fig 86 The collected Data is saving ...

Страница 97: ...performance test record It is necessary to make a copy of it before filling in the record This record will allow you to determine whether the tests pass or fail and also preserve a record of the tests If a Test Fails If a test fails you should check the settings and connections of any external equipment and internal equipment If possible verify its operation with a DVM scope or other pieces of tes...

Страница 98: ...ther the display change to the corresponding setting Finally press Sensitivity and spin the knob to check whether the knob is OK 6 1 Self Test The self test checks the lock in hardware This test should be done before any other performance tests Device No external device is required in this test Steps 1 Open the power switch on the rear panel to start the lock in amplifier 2 Observe the device and ...

Страница 99: ...UT to both A and B inputs of the lock in Use equal length cables from A and B to a BNC TEE Connect the cable from the SINE OUT to the TEE Do not use any termination Steps 1 Turn the lock in off and on to restart it 2 Press the buttons in the following sequence Sensitivity Set to 1 V through the spinning knob Ref Source Set to Internal Ref Frequency Set to 100 Hz 3 Wait until R is steady and R shou...

Страница 100: ... High Z Sweep off Modulation none Steps 1 Turn the lock in off and on to restart it 2 Set Filter to 24 dB oct 3 Amplitude accuracy is verified at 1kHz and various sensitivities Set the sensitivity of the lock in and the amplitude of the function signal generator in the following sequence Sensitivity Amplitude 1 V 1 0000 Vrms 200 mV 200 00 mVrms 100 mV 100 00 mVrms 20 mV 20 000 mVrms 10 mV 10 000 m...

Страница 101: ...n measures a signal smaller than full scale Device Use a function signal generator to provide an accurate frequency and a sine wave Use a cable with BNC connector to connect the output of the function signal generator to the A I input of the lock in Use another cable with BNC connector to connect the reference output of the function signal generator to the REF IN of the lock in Set the function si...

Страница 102: ...ck in off and on to restart it 2 Set the frequency of the function signal generator to 10 kHz 3 Wait until PLL UNLOCK changes to PLL LOCKED then record Freq 4 End the test and fill in the performance test form 6 7 Sine Output Amplitude Accuracy and Flatness This test measures the amplitude accuracy and frequency response of the internal oscillator SINE OUT Device Use a 1 meter length cable with BN...

Страница 103: ...s then record R then test next frequency e Repeat from 4 c to 4 d until all the frequencies are tested over 5 End the test and fill results in the performance test form 6 8 DC Outputs and Inputs This test measures the DC accuracy of the DC outputs and inputs of the lock in Device Use a linear DC regulator to generate a DC input Use a DVM to measure the DC output of the lock in Connect a 50 Ω BNC t...

Страница 104: ...up data e Repeat steps 3b to 3c until finishing the tests for DA1 Then connect the DVM to DA2 DA3 DA4 to finish the tests for DA2 DA3 DA4 5 Follow the steps below a Set Monitor in Display to Input b use signal cable to connect the AC regulator OUT to AUX_IN 1 c use signal cable to connect the AC regulator OUT to AUX_IN 1 Voltage V 10 000 5 000 0 000 5 000 10 000 d Wait 10 seconds and recode the re...

Страница 105: ...ity Set to 100 nV through the spinning knob Reserve Set to Low Filter Set to 24 dB oct Trace Set Trace in Display to Noise 3 Wait until the reading is steady and then record the maximum value of noise 4 End the test and fill the result in the performance test form 6 10 SE1022 Performance Test Record SE1022 Performance Test Record Serial Number Tested By _ Firmware Revision Date _ Equipment Used _ ...

Страница 106: ...V 204mV 5 Amplitude Linearity Sensitivity Amplitude Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit 1V 1 0000Vrms 0 9900V 1 0100V 100 00Vrms 0 0990V 0 1010V 10 000Vrms 0 0099V 0 0101V 6 Frequency Accuracy Frequency Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit 10kHz 9 990kHz 10 010kHz 7 SINE OUT Amplitude and Flatness Sensitivity SINE OUT Ampl Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit 1V 2 000Vpp 0 7071Vrms 0 6859V 0 7283V 200mV 0 400Vp...

Страница 107: ...00 4 960V 5 040V 0 00 0 020V 0 020V 50 00 5 040V 4 960V 100 00 10 040V 9 960V Output Voltage Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit AUX OUT 1 10 00 9 700V 10 300V 5 00 4 900V 5 100V 0 00 0 020V 0 020V 5 00 5 100V 4 900V 10 00 10 300V 9 700V Output Voltage Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit AUX OUT 2 10 00 9 700V 10 300V 5 00 4 900V 5 100V 0 00 0 020V 0 020V 5 00 5 100V 4 900V 10 00 10 300V 9 700V Output Vol...

Страница 108: ...10 00 10 040V 9 960V Input Voltage Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit AUX IN 2 10 00 9 960V 10 040V 5 00 4 960V 5 040V 0 00 0 020V 0 020V 5 00 5 040V 4 960V 10 00 10 040V 9 960V Input Voltage Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit AUX IN 3 10 00 9 960V 10 040V 5 00 4 960V 5 040V 0 00 0 020V 0 020V 5 00 5 040V 4 960V 10 00 10 040V 9 960V Input Voltage Lower Limit Reading Upper Limit AUX IN 4 10 00 9 960V 10 ...

Страница 109: ...sconnect all cables from the lock in Connect the power source and then turn on the power switch The system is in default now 2 Use a BNC cable to connect the output of the function signal generator and the A I input of the SE1022 Use another BNC cable to connect the reference signal of the function signal generator and the REF IN of the SE1022 as is shown in Fig 87 Reference Signal Measurement Sig...

Страница 110: ...Main Interface When the input of the preamplifier is overload you should decrease the output amplitude of the function signal generator If the output gain is overload you should increase the sensitivity of the SE1022 the input of the preamplifier will be overload when the peak value is larger than 1 7V or the valley value is lower than 1 7V The default sensitivity is 100mV Therefore in this exampl...

Страница 111: ...e maximum In this case we set the parameters as Fig 91 Then SE1022 measures the sine signal and the result is R 80 08 mV θ 72 78 Soft Key 1 Soft Key 2 Soft Key 3 Soft Key 4 Soft Key 5 Fig 91 GAIN TC Submenu 6 The data bar of main interface displays the value of R X Y and θ Press DISPLAY in front panel to enter the submenu as is shown in Fig 92 and 93 In default settings the top area displays R and...

Страница 112: ... press soft key 3 to highlight Type and then choose Chart though the knob Third press soft key 3 to highlight Trace and then choose θ After these settings the result is shown in Fig 94 Fig 94 Display θ in XY Chart 7 The monitor bar of main interface displays the value of R 7 X Y and θ Users can change which value to display as the following steps Press DISPLAY in front panel to enter the submenu T...

Страница 113: ...e SE1022 The steps are below 1 Disconnect all cables from the lock in Connect the power source and then turn on the power switch The system is in default 2 Use a BNC cable to connect the output of the function signal generator and the A I input of the SE1022 Use another BNC cable to connect the reference signal of the function signal generator and the REF IN of the SE1022 as is shown in Fig 96 Ref...

Страница 114: ...09 602 109 Email sales salukitec com www salukitec com 114 Fig 97 Measured Signal Parameter 4 Press REF PHASE in front panel and set Harmonic to the required order as is shown in Fig 98 Fig 98 REF PHASE Submenu ...

Страница 115: ...nic submenu as is shown in Fig 100 SoftKey 1 SoftKey 2 SoftKey 3 SoftKey 4 SoftKey 5 Fig 100 Harmonic Secondary Submenu Second press soft key 1 and then press the number key 1 in numeric keyboard Then press ENTER to confirm Third press soft key 2 and then number key 3 Now the measure result is the first and third harmonic of the input signal Choose DISPLAY submenu and choose Full in Display Scale ...

Страница 116: ... expand the result is sin 1 5 sin 5 1 3 sin 3 1 sin 2 t n t t t E t f Where the nth harmonic is a sine wave sin 2 t n n E t f Therefore the valid value of the nth harmonic is n E R 2 We can verify that whether the measured result is close to the theoretical result In this example the peak peak value E is 160mV and the calculated value of first harmonic is mV mV R 025 72 1 160 2 The calculated valu...

Страница 117: ... then turn on the power switch The system is in default 2 Set the corresponding parameters of SE1022 1 Press INPUT FILTERS and then set the input mode to I and Amplitude 1M Other settings remain the default 2 Press REF PHASE and then set Ref Source External and Type TTL 3 Press GAIN TC and then set Sensitivity 1μA which can be adjusted in measurement Reserve Normal TC 300ms and Roll off 12dB oct F...

Страница 118: ... Measurement Platform Diagram Fig 103 Spectral Measurement Platform Physical Connection 4 Start the spectral measurement and collect data from the data collection platform Then you will get an uncalibrated spectral curve as is shown in Fig 104 Fig 104 Spectrum Curve measured by SE1022 ...

Страница 119: ...C 2 The PC will recognize the USB device and remind to install the driver program If your PC system is WIN7 the PC will do these automatically online You just need to wait for a few minutes If the installation fails you need to install the driver manually according to Chapter 5 2 3 Open the folder Uart Driver in your disk and double click the file UartAssist exe It will call out the software inter...

Страница 120: ... CommUart Assistant Software Display After these settings are completed if you see a black circle like you need to click the button to make it red like If you cannot make it red please check the port number and repeat the connection If the connection id OK you will see Fig 108 ...

Страница 121: ...sales salukitec com www salukitec com 121 The port number is COM5 Fig 107 Check the port number at Device Manager Select COM5 port number Select the default baud rate 921600 Open and close buttons Fig 108 USB connection succeeds ...

Страница 122: ...micolons More details please see Chapter 4 Remote Programming The terminator can be a carriage return cr or a hexadecimal number 0D When sending the command first input the command in the sending area then press the Enter key then click the Send button the command will be sent As shown in Fig 109 and Fig 110 SE1022 Returns the value Enter the order with a carriage return at the end Send and receiv...

Страница 123: ...er the 0X0D Selecting this item will cause the ASC II in the send area to be converted to a hex format display After the instruction to be added 0X0D Fig 110 Send and Receive Commands in HEX 2 The serial assistant can be configured to automatically add carriage return 0X0D You just need to click and choose Finally set the additional digit to 0D as Fig 111 ...

Страница 124: ...om 124 Can return parameters normally Select the fixed byte set the value to 0D No additional carriage return 0xD is required Fig 111 Setting the checksum 3 Multiple commands are separated by such as SENS 24 FMOD 1 FREQ 1000 SENS FMOD FREQ as is shown in Fig 112 ...

Страница 125: ... read the values of X Y R θ and Freq continuously you can set the transfer interval time as Fig 113 and Fig 114 Note that when use this software to control the SE1022 the LCD display will refresh at the same time For example if Sens 100mV is corresponding to the 25 command Sens will change to Sens 50mV when the SE1022 receives the 24 command The SE1022 can use many versions of serial debugging ass...

Страница 126: ...lukitec com www salukitec com 126 Continuously receives the returned R value data Set the data cyclic to send The transmission interval is set to 200ms Send an instruction to read the R value Fig 113 Read the single R value continuously ...

Страница 127: ...sales salukitec com www salukitec com 127 Continuously return the value of X Y R θ Send multiple values read instruction Separated the parameters by comma Fig 114 Read the Values of X Y R θ and Freq continuously END OF DOCUMENT ...

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