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WR6K-OM-E Rev A

ISSUED: October 2003

143

HISTOGRAM THEORY OF OPERATION

An understanding of statistical variations in parameter values is needed for many waveform
parameter measurements. Knowledge of the average, minimum, maximum, and standard
deviation of the parameter may often be enough, but in many cases you may need a more
detailed understanding of the distribution of a parameter's values.

Histograms allow you to see how a parameter's values are distributed over many measurements.
They do this by dividing a range of parameter values into sub-ranges called bins. A count of the
number of parameter values (events) that fall within ranges of the bin itself is maintained for each
bin.

While such a value range can be infinite, for practical purposes it need only be defined as large
enough to include any realistically possible parameter value. For example, in measuring TTL
high-voltage values a range of ±50 V is unnecessarily large, whereas one of 4 V ±2.5 V is more
reasonable. It is the 5 V range that is then subdivided into bins. And if the number of bins used
were 50, each would have a range of 5 V/50 bins or 0.1 V/bin. Events falling into the first bin
would then be between 1.5 V and 1.6 V. While the next bin would capture all events between 1.6
V and 1.7 V, and so on.

After a process of several thousand events, the bar graph of the count for each bin (its histogram)
provides a good understanding of the distribution of values. Histograms generally use the 'x' axis
to show a bin's sub-range value, and the 'Y' axis for the count of parameter values within each
bin. The leftmost bin with a non-zero count shows the lowest parameter value measurements.
The vertically highest bin shows the greatest number of events falling within its sub-range.

The number of events in a bin, peak or a histogram is referred to as its population. The following
figure shows a histogram's highest population bin as the one with a sub-range of 4.3 to 4.4 V
(which is to be expected of a TTL signal).

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Содержание 6000 SERIES

Страница 1: ...RO OY Y W WA AV VE ER RU UN NN NE ER R 6 60 00 00 0 S SE ER RI IE ES S O OS SC CI IL LL LO OS SC CO OP PE ES S O O P P E E R R A A T T O O R R S S M M A A N N U U A A L L O OC C T T O O B B E E R R 2 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 ...

Страница 2: ...rporation All rights reserved LeCroy ActiveDSO ProBus SMART Trigger JitterTrack WavePro and Waverunner are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation WaveMaster and X Stream are trademarks of LeCroy Corporation Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions Specifications subject to change without notice WR6K OM E Rev A 901769 00 ...

Страница 3: ...ers with Exclusion Technology 21 Automatic Setup 21 Probes 21 Color Waveform Display 21 Analog Persistence Display 22 Zoom Expansion Traces 22 Rapid Signal Processing 22 Internal Waveform Memory 22 Setup Storage 22 Interface 22 Auxiliary Input 22 Auxiliary Output 23 Math Tools standard 23 Measure Tools standard 24 Pass Fail Testing 24 Master Analysis Package XMAP 24 Advanced Math Package XMATH 25 ...

Страница 4: ...e 41 Power and Ground Connections 41 On Standby Switch 42 Calibration 42 Cleaning 42 Abnormal Conditions 43 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS 43 Front Panel Buttons and Knobs 43 Trigger Knobs 45 Trigger Buttons 45 Horizontal Knobs 45 Vertical Knobs 46 Channel Buttons 46 Wavepilot Control Knobs 46 Special Features Buttons 46 General Control Buttons 46 ON SCREEN TOOLBARS ICONS AND DIALOG BOXES 47 Dialog Boxes 48...

Страница 5: ...GNAL 66 PROBUS INTERFACE 66 AUXILIARY OUTPUT SIGNALS 67 To Set Up Auxiliary Output 67 SAMPLING MODES 68 SAMPLING MODES 68 To Select a Sampling Mode 68 SINGLE SHOT SAMPLING MODE 68 Basic Capture Technique 68 SEQUENCE SAMPLING MODE WORKING WITH SEGMENTS 69 To Set Up Sequence Mode 70 Sequence Display Modes 71 To Display Individual Segments 72 To View Time Stamps 72 RIS SAMPLING MODE FOR HIGHER SAMPLE...

Страница 6: ...79 TIMEBASE SETUP AND CONTROL 79 DUAL CHANNEL ACQUISITION 79 Combining of Channels 79 To Combine Channels 79 AUTOSETUP 80 TRIGGERING 81 TRIGGER SETUP CONSIDERATIONS 81 Trigger Modes 81 Trigger Types 81 Determining Trigger Level Slope Source and Coupling 82 Trigger Source 83 Level 83 Holdoff by Time or Events 84 Hold Off by Time 84 Hold Off by Events 85 SIMPLE TRIGGERS 85 Edge Trigger on Simple Sig...

Страница 7: ...112 Multi Zoom 112 XY DISPLAY 114 To Set Up XY Displays 114 SAVE AND RECALL 115 SAVING AND RECALLING SCOPE SETTINGS 115 To Save Scope Settings 115 To Recall Scope Settings 115 To Recall Default Settings 115 SAVING SCREEN IMAGES 116 SAVING AND RECALLING WAVEFORMS 116 Saving Waveforms 116 Recalling Waveforms 118 DISK UTILITIES 118 To Delete a Single File 118 To Delete All Files in a Folder 119 To Cr...

Страница 8: ...ISTOGRAM THEORY OF OPERATION 143 DSO Process 144 Parameter Buffer 145 Capture of Parameter Events 145 Histogram Parameters XMAP and JTA2 Options 146 Histogram Peaks 147 Binning and Measurement Accuracy 147 WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS 149 MEASURING WITH CURSORS 149 Cursor Measurement Icons 149 CURSORS SETUP 149 Quick Display 149 Full Setup 150 OVERVIEW OF PARAMETERS 150 To Turn On Parameters 150 Quick Ac...

Страница 9: ...k 166 Determining Time Parameters 168 Determining Differential Time Measurements 169 Level and Slope 169 LIST OF PARAMETERS 170 WAVEFORM MATH 194 INTRODUCTION TO MATH TRACES AND FUNCTIONS 194 MATH MADE EASY 194 To Set Up a Math Function 194 RESAMPLING TO DESKEW 195 To Resample 195 RESCALING AND ASSIGNING UNITS 196 To Set Up Rescaling 196 AVERAGING WAVEFORMS 196 Summed vs Continuous Averaging 196 T...

Страница 10: ...IES 221 STATUS 221 To Access Status Dialog 221 REMOTE COMMUNICATION 221 To Set Up Remote Communication 221 To Configure the Remote Control Assistant Event Log 222 HARDCOPY 222 PRINTING 222 CLIPBOARD 222 FILE 222 E MAIL 223 AUX OUTPUT 224 DATE TIME 224 To Set Time and Date Manually 224 To Set Time and Date from the Internet 224 To Set Time and Date from Windows 224 OPTIONS 225 PREFERENCES 225 Audib...

Страница 11: ...ors 242 Multiple Inputs and Outputs 243 Simple Excel Example 1 243 Simple Excel Example 2 247 Examples of Excel Parameter Functions 250 Examples of Excel Waveform Functions 251 Exponential Decay Time Constant Excel Parameter Excel Example 1 251 Gated Parameter Using Excel Excel Example 2 253 How Does this Work 254 Correlation Excel Waveform Function Excel Example 3 255 Multiple Traces on One Grid ...

Страница 12: ...Calling MATLAB 291 How to Select a Waveform Function Call 292 The MATLAB Waveform Control Panel 293 MATLAB Waveform Function Editor Example 293 MATLAB Example Waveform Plot 297 How to Select a MATLAB Parameter Call 298 The MATLAB Parameter Control Panel 299 The MATLAB Parameter Editor 300 MATLAB Example Parameter Panel 301 Further Examples of MATLAB Waveform Functions 303 Creating your own MATLAB ...

Страница 13: ...STENCE HISTOGRAMS 332 Selecting the Math Function 332 Setting Up the Histogram 333 HOW TO TRACE PERSISTENCE 334 An Innovative Visual and Processing Tool 334 To Set Up Trace Persistence 335 CHOOSING A TIMING PARAMETER 337 HOW TO USE THE TREND TOOL 337 The Basic Idea 337 To Set Up and Configure Trend 338 Math Setup 341 HISTOGRAM AND TREND CALCULATION 341 Acquisition Sequence 341 Parameter Buffer 342...

Страница 14: ...nitial Setup Optional Event Trigger 369 Initial Setup Main Trigger 370 Setup for Power Device Analysis 371 Power Device Analysis Measurements 373 Saturation Voltage and Dynamic On resistance Measurement 377 Fine DC Level Adjustment 379 Effects of Probe Compensation on Saturation Voltage Measurements 379 Example 380 Clearing the Power Device Analysis Setup 382 Measuring Device dv dt 382 To Access d...

Страница 15: ... Current Emissions 393 Configuration for Line Power Analysis 394 Setting Up the Line Voltage and Current Signals 396 Activating the Line Power Analysis Menu 397 Line Harmonics Measurement 398 USING NON PROBUS PROBES 401 PMA2 Dialog Overview 401 Current Input Setup Menus 402 Voltage Input Setup Menus 403 PROCESSING WEB 404 PROCESSING WEB 404 To Use the Web Editor 404 ...

Страница 16: ...with a menu you can choose either to have information found for you automatically or to search for information yourself If you want context sensitive Help that is Help related to what was displayed on the screen when you requested Help touch in the drop down menu then touch the on screen control or front panel button or knob that you need information about The instrument will automatically display...

Страница 17: ...hone number For factory returns use a Return Authorization Number RAN which you can get from customer service Write the number clearly on the outside of the shipping carton Return products requiring only maintenance to your local customer service center If you need to return your scope for any reason use the original shipping carton If this is not possible be sure to use a rigid carton The scope s...

Страница 18: ...es and operation We frequently update both firmware and software during service free of charge during warranty You can also install new purchased software options in your scope yourself without having to return it to the factory Simply provide us with your instrument serial number and ID and the version number of instrument software installed We will provide you with a unique option key that consi...

Страница 19: ...eRunner 6051 10 mV div to 1 V div 500 MHz 5 mV div to 9 95 m div 500 MHz 2 mV div to 4 99 m div 350 MHz WaveRunner 6100 10 mV div to 1 V div 1 GHz 5 mV div to 9 95 m div 800 MHz 2 mV div to 4 99 m div 350 MHz WaveRunner 6200 10 mV div to 1 V div 2 GHz 5 mV div to 9 95 m div 1 GHz 2 mV div to 4 99 m div 350 MHz Input Channels 4 model 6051 2 Rise Time typical WaveRunner 6030 1 ns WaveRunner 6050 750...

Страница 20: ...o 1 V div 1 Mohms 500 mV 2 0 to 4 99 mV div 1 0 V 5 to 99 mV div 10 V 0 100 to 1 V div 100 V 1 to 10 V div Offset Accuracy 1 5 of full scale value 0 5 of offset value 1 mV Probing System BNC or ProBus Horizontal System Timebases Internal timebase common to all input channels an external clock can be applied at the auxiliary input Time div Range 20 ps div to 10 s div Math Zoom Traces 4 math zoom tr...

Страница 21: ...mum Acquisition Points Ch WaveRunner 6051 1 Ch 2 Ch Standard 2M 1M 2M 1M S Memory Option 4M 2M 4M 2M M Memory Option 8M 4M 8M 4M L Memory Option 16M 8M 16M 8M VL Memory Option 24M 12M 24M 12M Random Interleaved Sampling RIS 200 GS s Trigger Rate 125 000 waveforms per second Acquisition Modes Single shot For transient and repetitive signals 20 ps div to 10 s div Sequence 10 000 segments max Memory ...

Страница 22: ...e or Events Up to 20 s or from 1 to 99 999 999 events Internal Trigger Range 5 div from center Maximum Trigger Frequency 2 divisions at 750 MHz with Edge Trigger 1 division at 750 MHz 750 MHz max with SMART Trigger 10 mV subject to bandwidth limit of scope Trigger Level DC Accuracy 3 of full scale 2 mV typical External Trigger Range EXT 10 4 V EXT 400 mV Basic Triggers Edge Slope Line Triggers whe...

Страница 23: ...vity to display a wide range of repetitive signals Vertical Find Scale Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channels to display a waveform with maximum dynamic range Probes Probes One PP007 probe per channel standard optional passive and active probes are available Probe System ProBus Automatically detects and supports a wide variety of compatible probes Scale Fa...

Страница 24: ...B with L and VL options Internal Waveform Memory Waveform M1 M2 M3 M4 Store full length waveforms with 16 bits data point Or save to any number of files limited only by data storage media Setup Storage Front Panel and Instrument Status Save to the internal hard drive or to a USB connected peripheral device Interface Remote Control Through Windows Automation or LeCroy remote command set GPIB Port o...

Страница 25: ...races F1 to F4 The easy to use graphical interface simplifies setup of up to two operations on each function trace Function traces can be chained together to perform math on math absolute value average summed average continuous derivative deskew resample difference enhanced resolution to 11 bits vertical envelope exp base e exp base 10 fft basic floor histogram of 1 000 events integral invert nega...

Страница 26: ...oints overshoot overshoot peak to peak period phase rise time 10 90 20 80 level rms std deviation time level top width x minimum min x maximum max x at max x at min Pass Fail Testing Test multiple parameters against selectable parameter limits at the same time Pass or fail conditions can initiate actions including document to local or networked files email the image of the failure save waveforms s...

Страница 27: ... up to 25 Mpts Narrow band power measurements Auto correlation function Sparse function Cubic and quadratic interpolation function Advanced Customization Package XDEV This package provides a set of tools to modify the scope and customize it to meet your unique needs Additional capability provided by XDEV includes Creation of your own measurement parameter or math function using third party softwar...

Страница 28: ...s and other useful tools Jitter and Timing parameters with JitterTrack graphs of Cycle to Cycle N Cycle N Cycle with Start selection Frequency Period Half Period Width Time Interval Error Setup Hold Skew Duty Cycle Duty Cycle Error Delta Width edge lv parameter counts edges Histograms expanded with 19 histogram parameters and up to 2 billion events Trend datalog of up to one million events Persist...

Страница 29: ...se narrow band power non linear transition shift overwrite pulse width 50 pulse width 50 pulse width 50 resolution track average amplitude track average amplitude track average amplitude Correlation function Trend datalog of up to one million events Histograms expanded with 19 histogram parameters and up to 2 billion events General Auto Calibration Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maint...

Страница 30: ...torage non operating 20 to 60 C Humidity Operating 5 to 80 RH noncondensing up to 30 C upper limit derates linearly to 50 RH noncondensing at 40 C Storage non operating 5 to 95 RH noncondensing as tested per MIL PRF 28800F Altitude Operating 3048 m 10 000 ft max at 25 C Storage non operating 12 192 m 40 000 ft Random Vibration Operating 5 Hz to 500 Hz overall level 0 31 grms 15 minutes in each of ...

Страница 31: ...onform to Radiated Emissions standard use properly shielded cables on all I O terminals Warning This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take appropriate measures EN 61000 4 2 1995 A2 2001 Electrostatic Discharge 4 kV contact 8 kV air 4 kV vertical horizontal coupling planes EN 61000 4 3 2002 RF Radiated...

Страница 32: ...l for protective ground UL Standard UL 3111 1 UL and cUL Certifications Canadian Standard CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 92 WARRANTY The instrument is warranted for normal use and operation within specifications for a period of three years from shipment LeCroy will either repair or at our option replace any product returned to one of our authorized service centers within this period However in order to do th...

Страница 33: ...EULA IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY LICENSING THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT YOU OR YOUR AND LECROY CORPORATION LECROY FOR THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT S ACCOMPANYING THIS EULA WHICH INCLUDE S COMPUTER PROGRAMS ANY ONLINE OR ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION AND PRINTED MATERIALS PROVIDED BY LECROY HEREWITH DOCUMENTATION ASSOCIATED MEDIA AND ANY UPDATES AS DEFINED BELOW COLLECTIVELY THE SOFTWARE PRODU...

Страница 34: ... Code for the sole purposes of designing developing and testing Your Software If you are an entity only one designated individual within your organization as designated by you may exercise the License provided that additional individuals within your organization may assist with respect to reproducing and distributing Sample Code as permitted under Section 1 1 c ii LeCroy reserves all rights not ex...

Страница 35: ...You may reverse engineer or otherwise circumvent the technological measures protecting the Software Product for the sole purpose of identifying and analyzing those elements that are necessary to achieve Interoperability the Permitted Objective only if A doing so is necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective and it does not constitute infringement under Title 17 of the United States Code B such c...

Страница 36: ...ty laws and treaties You will not take any action inconsistent with such title and ownership This EULA grants you no rights to use such Content outside of the proper exercise of the license granted hereunder and LeCroy will not be responsible or liable therefor 3 2 Intellectual Property Protection You may not alter or remove any printed or on screen copyright trade secret proprietary or other lega...

Страница 37: ...er rightfully furnished to the receiving party by a third party without a breach of any separate nondisclosure obligation to the disclosing party C publicly known without breach of this EULA d furnished by the disclosing party to a third party without restriction on subsequent disclosure or e independently developed by the receiving party without reference to or reliance on the Confidential Inform...

Страница 38: ...out of any claim that the Software Product Documentation or other information or materials provided by LeCroy hereunder were exported or otherwise accessed shipped or transported in violation of applicable laws and regulations 7 RISK ALLOCATION 7 1 No Warranty THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT IS NOT ERROR FREE AND THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND SUPPORT SERVICES IS ARE BEING PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KI...

Страница 39: ...ereof No provision of right power or privilege under this EULA will be deemed to have been waived by any act delay omission or acquiescence by LeCroy its agents or employees but only by an instrument in writing signed by an authorized officer of LeCroy No waiver by LeCroy of any breach or default of any provision of this EULA by you will be effective as to any other breach or default whether of th...

Страница 40: ...ll notices will be in English and will be effective upon receipt 8 7 Headings The headings used in this EULA are intended for convenience only and will not be deemed to supersede or modify any provisions 8 8 Acknowledgment Licensee acknowledges that a it has read and understands this EULA b it has had an opportunity to have its legal counsel review this EULA c this EULA has the same force and effe...

Страница 41: ...ent ground connection This symbol is used to denote a safety ground connection This symbol shows that the switch is a On Standby switch When it is pressed the DSO s state toggles between Operating and Standby state This switch is not a disconnect device To completely remove power to the DSO the power cord must be unplugged from the AC outlet after the DSO is placed in Standby state This symbol is ...

Страница 42: ...on Overvoltage Categories II Mains Supply Connector I Measuring Terminals Pollution Degree 2 Protection Class I Note Installation Overvoltage Category II refers to local distribution level which is applicable to equipment connected to the mains supply AC power source Installation Overvoltage Category I refers to signal level which is applicable to equipment measuring terminals that are connected t...

Страница 43: ...ies installed internal printer front panel probes PC port plug ins etc the instrument can draw up to 425 W 425 VA Note The instrument automatically adapts itself to the AC line input within the following ranges Voltage Range 90 to 264 Vrms 90 to 132 Vrms Frequency Range 47 to 63 Hz 380 to 420 Hz Power and Ground Connections The instrument is provided with a grounded cord set containing a molded th...

Страница 44: ... On or Standby In the On state the DSO including its computer subsystems CPU hard drive etc is fully powered and operational In the Standby state the DSO including computer subsystems is powered off with the exception of some housekeeping circuitry approximately 12 watts dissipation Always use the On Standby switch to place the DSO in Standby state so that it executes a proper shutdown process inc...

Страница 45: ...RONT PANEL CONTROLS Front Panel Buttons and Knobs The control buttons of the instrument s front panel are logically grouped into analog and special functional areas Analog functions are included in the Horizontal Trigger and Vertical groups of control buttons and knobs Sometimes you may want to change a value without using the numeric keypad In that case simply touch once inside the data entry fie...

Страница 46: ...K OM E Rev A to toggle to Fine and adjust digits to the right of the decimal point To enter exact values you can also display a keypad by touching twice inside the data entry field Then use the keypad to type in the value Example Data Entry Field ...

Страница 47: ...e the message no trace available will be displayed Press Auto to display your trace Auto Triggers the scope after a time out even if the trigger conditions are not met Normal Triggers the scope each time a signal is present that meets the conditions set for the type of trigger selected Single Arms the scope to trigger once single shot acquisition when the input signal meets the trigger conditions ...

Страница 48: ...e zoom region is highlighted in color on the source trace Zoom Adjusts the horizontal zoom magnification factor of the selected zoom trace Position Adjusts the vertical position of the selected zoom trace on the display Zoom Adjusts the vertical zoom magnification factor of the selected zoom trace on the display Special Features Buttons Auto Setup Automatically sets the scope s horizontal timebase...

Страница 49: ...of common functions At the right end of the menu bar is a quick setup button that when touched opens the setup dialog associated with the trace or parameter named beside it The named trace or parameter is the one whose setup dialog you last opened This button also appears as an undo button after the Autosetup front panel button is pressed If you want to perform an Undo operation it must be the ver...

Страница 50: ...e tab at the right of the dialog box ALTERNATE ACCESS METHODS The instrument often gives you more than one way to access dialogs and menus Mouse and Keyboard Operation In the procedures we focus on touch screen operation but if you have a mouse connected to the instrument you can also click on objects Likewise if you have a keyboard connected you can use it instead of the virtual keyboard provided...

Страница 51: ...a math function from this menu without leaving the Channel Setup dialog A math trace of the channel whose dialog is currently open is automatically displayed Loads the channel trace into the next available memory location M1 to M4 Automatically performs a vertical scaling that fits the waveform into the grid Automatically moves the channel trace whose dialog is currently open onto the next grid If...

Страница 52: ...ting BWL and averaging AVG These indicators have a long and short form Besides channel traces math and parameter measurement labels are also displayed Labels are displayed only for traces that are turned on The title bar of the TimeBase label shows the trigger delay setting Time per division and sampling information is given below the title bar The title bar of the Trigger label shows the trigger ...

Страница 53: ...by specifying an exact horizontal position To Annotate a Waveform 1 Touch the waveform you want to annotate then Set label in the pop up menu A dialog box opens in which to create the label If you are creating a label for the first time for this waveform Label1 is displayed with default text If you are modifying an existing label under Labels touch the label you want to change ...

Страница 54: ... O K on the keyboard when you are done Your edited text will automatically appear in the label on the waveform 3 To place the label precisely touch inside the Horizontal Pos field and enter a horizontal value using the pop up numeric keypad 4 To add another label touch the Add label button To delete a label select the label from the list then touch the Remove label button 5 To make the labels visi...

Страница 55: ...bar the dialog at the bottom of the screen automatically switches to the vertical setup or math setup dialog for that selection You can configure your traces from here including math setups The channel number appears in the Vertical Adjust tab of the Vertical Adjust dialog signifying that all controls and data entry fields are dedicated to the selected trace SCREEN LAYOUT The instrument s screen i...

Страница 56: ...UED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Signal Display Grid You can set up the signal display area by touching in the toolbar then the tab The display dialog offers a choice of grid combinations and a means to set the grid intensity ...

Страница 57: ...B Port 11 Line In 12 Speakers 13 Microphone External Monitor 1 Shut off power to the scope 2 Connect the external monitor to the VGA port at the rear of the instrument item 7 in the diagram 1 Plug in the monitor s power cord and apply power to the monitor 1 Apply power to the scope 2 After boot up touch Display in the menu bar then Display Setup in the drop down menu 3 Touch the Monitor tab of the...

Страница 58: ...ABLE CD DRIVE OPTION If your scope is equipped with this option follow these setup instructions to install the software Note Install the software only in WaveRunner scopes that have CD drive model SM CD W224EA installed 1 Connect a keyboard and mouse to the scope 2 Load the Easy CD Creator 5 Basic installation CD into the CD drive 3 Click Yes to begin installation ...

Страница 59: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 57 4 Select a language 5 Click Next when the Wizard appears ...

Страница 60: ...Operator s Manual 58 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A 6 Select Complete setup 7 Click Install ...

Страница 61: ... on the desktop Note If in the future it is necessary to run recovery software this Easy CD Creator 5 Basic installation software will need to be reinstalled also Software Checking the Scope Status To find out the scope s software and hardware configuration including software version and installed options proceed as follows 1 In the menu bar touch ...

Страница 62: ...is feature turns on Channel1 and Channel 2 with no processing enabled Other default settings are as follows Vertical Timebase Trigger 50 mV div 50 0 ns div DC50 WaveMaster DDA SDA AC1M WavePro C1 0 mV level 0 V offset 10 0 GS s edge trigger positive edge 0 s delay Auto trigger mode DDA SDA and WaveRunner DSOs On your front panel the Default Setup push button does not exist For these instruments th...

Страница 63: ...n the menu bar touch 4 In the dialog area touch the tab 5 Touch 6 Use the pop up keyboard to type the key code Touch O K on the keyboard to enter the information 7 The name of the feature you just installed is shown below the list of key codes You can use the scroll buttons to see the name of the option installed with each key code listed The full array of installed software and hardware options i...

Страница 64: ...e scope by pressing and holding in the power switch for 10 seconds then turning the power back on REMOVABLE HARD DRIVE The removable hard drive option replaces the standard internal hard drive with a removable hard drive that is installed at the rear of the scope in the slot normally occupied by the CDROM drive The kit includes two hard drives which can be used interchangeably It also includes a U...

Страница 65: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 63 Proper Orientation of Drive ...

Страница 66: ...ou can find out your processor s speed by touching Utilities in the menu bar then touching the Status tab of the Utilities dialog If the speed is greater than 1 GHz proceed as follows 1 Shut off power to the scope 2 Connect the external monitor to the VGA port at the rear of the instrument item 6 in the diagram 3 Plug in the monitor s power cord and apply power to the monitor 4 Apply power to the ...

Страница 67: ...65 5 After boot up touch Display in the menu bar then Display Setup in the drop down menu 6 Touch the Monitor tab of the Display dialog 7 Touch Enable External Monitor 8 Touch inside the Brightness field and adjust brightness as necessary ...

Страница 68: ...tage differential and current active probes It uploads gain and offset correction factors from the ProBus EPROMs and automatically compensates to achieve fully calibrated measurements This intelligent interconnection between your instrument and a wide range of accessories offers important advantages over standard BNC and probe ring connections ProBus ensures correct input coupling by auto sensing ...

Страница 69: ...put 1 In the menu bar touch Utilities then Utilities Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Aux Output tab 3 If you simply want a 1 kHz 1 V square wave touch the button so labeled 4 If you want a specialized output touch one of the buttons under Use Auxiliary Output For 5 Touch inside the Amplitude data entry field and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad If you want a TTL level signal t...

Страница 70: ...es of measured data values associated with a single trigger event The acquisition is typically stopped a defined number of samples after this event occurs a number determined by the selected trigger delay and measured by the timebase The waveform s horizontal position and waveform display in general is determined using the trigger event as the definition of time zero You can choose either a pre or...

Страница 71: ... measure tools Sequence mode offers a number of unique capabilities With it you can limit dead time between trigger events for consecutive segments The instrument can capture in fine detail complicated sequences of events over large time intervals while ignoring the uninteresting periods between the events You can also make time measurements between events on selected segments using the full preci...

Страница 72: ...The timeout period accounts for instances when a Num Segments miscount occurs for some reason and the scope waits indefinitely for an unforthcoming segment During that time no scope functions are accessible By means of a timeout value however the acquisition will be completed the waveform displayed and control of the scope returned to the user after the timeout has elapsed 5 Touch the Enable Timeo...

Страница 73: ...c keypad 9 Touch inside the Starting at field and enter a starting segment number using the pop up numeric keypad Sequence Display Modes The instrument gives you a choice of five ways to display your segments Adjacent Waterfall cascaded Mosaic tiled ...

Страница 74: ...uch a function tab F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded on your scope See specifications 3 Touch inside the Operator1 field and select Segment from the pop up menu 4 In the right hand dialog touch the Select tab 5 Touch inside the Select data entry field and use the pop up numeric keypad to select the segment you want to display Note In Persistence mo...

Страница 75: ...and satisfying the time constraint is a random one The relative time between ADC sampling instants and the event trigger provides the necessary variation measured by the timebase to 5 ps resolution The instrument requires multiple triggers to complete an acquisition The number depends on the sample rate the higher the sample rate the more triggers are required It then interleaves these segments se...

Страница 76: ...s in single shot acquisitions that have a sufficiently low data rate The oscilloscope rolls the incoming data continuously across the screen until a trigger event is detected and the acquisition is complete The parameters or math functions connected to each channel are updated every time the roll mode buffer is updated as if new data is available This resets statistics on every step of Roll mode t...

Страница 77: ...criptor label and in the Volts Div field To Adjust the Waveform s Position Turn the vertical offset adjust knob directly above the channel button whose waveform you want to move vertically Or you can touch inside the Offset field and type in a value on the pop up keypad To set the vertical offset to zero touch the Zero Offset button directly below the Offset field COUPLING The choices of coupling ...

Страница 78: ...obe Atten data entry field Touch a divide by menu selection or touch Var variable If you choose Var type in a value using the pop up numeric keypad BANDWIDTH LIMIT Reducing the bandwidth also reduces the signal and system noise and prevents high frequency aliasing To Set Bandwidth Limiting To set bandwidth limiting 1 In the menu bar touch Vertical then select a channel from the drop down menu 2 To...

Страница 79: ...inear or Sinx x interpolation 4 Touch the button for the type of interpolation you want Inverting Waveforms Touch the Invert checkbox to invert the waveform for the selected channel QUICKZOOM QuickZoom automatically displays a zoom of the channel or trace on a new grid To Turn On a Zoom Touch the Zoom button in the channel dialog FINDING SCALE You can access the Find Scale button from the channel ...

Страница 80: ...e gain you want to vary 2 Touch the Variable Gain check box CHANNEL DESKEW Unlike the Deskew math function channel Deskew does no resampling but instead adjusts the horizontal offset by the amount that you enter The valid range is dependent on the current timebase 9 divisions To Set Up Channel Deskew 1 In the menu bar touch Vertical from the drop down menu select a channel to set up 2 Touch inside...

Страница 81: ...all its detail When you combine channels uncombined channels like EXT BNC remain available for triggering even though they are not displayed Note While channels can be combined on any WaveRunner 6000 Series model to increase memory sample rate can only be increased on 1 GHz and 2 GHz bandwidth models In 2 channel operation channels 2 and 3 are active In Auto operation you can use channel 1 or 2 an...

Страница 82: ...setup operates only on those turned on channels If no channels are turned on all channels are affected When more than one channel is turned on the first channel in numerical order with a signal applied to it is automatically set up for edge triggering You can perform an autosetup of all these functions together by simply pressing on the front panel or by touching Autosetup in any drop down menu ...

Страница 83: ... will occur Or you can specify a pulse width and voltage range within or outside of which a trigger will occur Another of the SMART Triggers Glitch trigger is a simpler form of Width trigger Use Glitch trigger when you want to define a fixed pulse width time or time range only Glitch trigger makes no provision for voltage levels or ranges While Glitch trigger performs over the width of a pulse Int...

Страница 84: ...erate an event a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger source Trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when you change the vertical gain or offset The amplitude and range of the trigger level are limited as follows 5 screen divisions with a channel as the trigger source 400 mV with...

Страница 85: ...he oscilloscope within a range of 400 mV on EXT 4 V with EXT 10 as the trigger source A logic pattern Level Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger circuit will generate an event a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger source Note that the trigger level is specified in volts and normally remai...

Страница 86: ...sing conditions similar to holdoff Hold Off by Time Sometimes you can achieve a stable display of complex repetitive waveforms by placing a condition on the time between each successive trigger event This time would otherwise be limited only by the input signal the coupling and the instrument s bandwidth Select a positive or negative slope and a minimum time between triggers The trigger is generat...

Страница 87: ...icate potential triggers while the bold ones show where triggers actually occur after the holdoff expires SIMPLE TRIGGERS Edge Trigger on Simple Signals The instrument uses many waveform capture techniques that trigger on features and conditions that you define These triggers fall into two major categories Edge activated by basic waveform features or conditions such as a positive or negative slope...

Страница 88: ...rigger will generate an event a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions Alternatively in the Trigger dialog you can touch inside the Level field and type in a value using the pop up numeric keypad To quickly set a level of zero volts touch the Zero Level button directly below the Coupling field An arrow on the left side of the grid shows the threshold position This arrow i...

Страница 89: ... the pop up numeric keypad enter a value in millivolts or use the up down buttons to increase or decrease the value in increments of 1 mV Or touch one of the preset value buttons Max 1 000 V Default 0 mV Min 1 000 V 6 Select the holdoff by touching the Time or Events buttons Using the ...

Страница 90: ...e the up down buttons to increase or decrease the time value in increments of 200 ps Or touch one of the preset value buttons The preset Time values are as follows Max 20 0 s Default 50 0 ns Min 2 ns The preset Events values are as follows Max 1 000 000 000 events Default 1 event Min 1 event 7 Choose Positive or Negative slope ...

Страница 91: ...ge within or outside of which a trigger will occur To Set Up Width Trigger 1 In the menu bar touch Trigger then Trigger Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Width trigger button 3 Touch inside the Trigger On data entry field and select a source on which to trigger 4 Touch inside the Level data entry field and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad 5 Select positive or negative slope 6 To...

Страница 92: ...ger Works Glitch trigger can be used to catch glitches You can specify a pulse width or a pulse width range Pulse smaller than selected pulse width Set a maximum pulse width This glitch trigger is generated on the selected edge positive or negative when the pulse width is less than or equal to the set width The timing for the width is initialized and restarted on the opposite slope to that selecte...

Страница 93: ... The broken upward pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs To Set Up Glitch Trigger 1 In the menu bar touch Trigger then Trigger Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Glitch trigger button 3 Touch inside the Trigger On data entry field and select a source on which to trigger ...

Страница 94: ...over the width of a pulse Interval trigger performs over the width of an interval with the signal duration period separating two consecutive edges of the same polarity positive to positive or negative to negative Use Interval trigger to capture intervals that fall short of or exceed a given time limit In addition you can define a width range to capture any interval that is itself inside or outside...

Страница 95: ...ccurs on the positive edge within the selected interval Interval Greater Than For this Interval Trigger generated on an interval larger than the one that you set select a minimum interval between two edges of the same slope The instrument generates the trigger on the second edge if it occurs after the set interval The timing for the interval is initialized and restarted whenever the selected edge ...

Страница 96: ...l trigger while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge after the selected interval Interval In Range This Interval Trigger is generated whenever an interval between two edges of the same slope falls within a selected range The instrument initializes and restarts the timing for the interval whenever the selected edge occurs You can set an interval from 2 ns to 20 s ...

Страница 97: ... upward pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger while the bold one indicates where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge within the selected range To Set Up Interval Trigger 1 In the menu bar touch Trigger then Trigger Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Interval trigger button 3 Touch inside the Trigger On data entry field and select a source on which to trigger ...

Страница 98: ... the Nominal Width and Delta data entry fields and enter values using the pop up numeric keypads Touch the Limits button to set up a precise range Touch inside the Lower Limit and Upper Limit data entry fields and enter values using the pop up numeric keypads Or touch the OutOfRange button and perform the same Delta or Limits setup as for InRange triggering QUALIFIED TRIGGER How Qualified Triggers...

Страница 99: ...rn After the delay timeout and while the pattern is present a trigger can occur The timing for the delay is restarted when the selected pattern begins Events determines a minimum number of events of the trigger source An event is generated when a trigger source meets its trigger conditions On the selected event of the trigger source and while the pattern is present a trigger can occur The count is...

Страница 100: ...d select a source on which to trigger 4 Select Positive or Negative slope 5 Touch inside the After data entry field and select the qualifying signal source from the pop up menu If you select an input channel or external source touch inside the has gone data entry field and select a logic level Above or Below Then touch inside the Level field and set a voltage level using the pop up numeric keypad ...

Страница 101: ... the qualifying inputs State trigger uses the logic state of the inputs to qualify the trigger Therefore the pattern must become true and remain true for a period of time or number of events that you specify to qualify the trigger See also How Qualified Triggers Work State Qualified and Wait Trigger after timeout The broken upward pointing arrows indicate potential triggers while the bold arrows s...

Страница 102: ...a entry field and select a logic level Above or Below Then touch inside the Level field and set a voltage level using the pop up numeric keypad If you want to set a holdoff in time or events touch one of the holdoff buttons 6 Touch inside the field below the holdoff buttons and set a value using the numeric keypad DROPOUT TRIGGER Used primarily in single shot applications and usually with a pre tr...

Страница 103: ...4 Touch inside the Trigger after timeout data entry field and enter a time window using the pop up numeric keypad LOGIC TRIGGER How Logic Trigger Works Logic Trigger enables triggering on a logical combination of up to five inputs CH 1 CH 2 CH 3 CH 4 and EXT The combination of inputs is referred to as a pattern There are four logic gates available AND NAND OR NOR A trigger state is either high or ...

Страница 104: ... data transmission buses To Set Up Logic Trigger 1 In the menu bar touch Trigger then Trigger Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Logic trigger button 3 Touch the Pattern tab 4 For each input you want to include in the logic pattern touch inside the State data entry field and select a logic state Low or High Select Don t Care for all other inputs 5 Touch inside the Level data entry field for e...

Страница 105: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 103 true touch one of the holdoff buttons 8 Touch inside the holdoff data entry field and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad ...

Страница 106: ...aced on top To undo simply uncheck Grid on top 5 Touch the Axis labels checkbox to permanently display the values of the top and bottom grid lines calculated from volts div and the extreme left and right grid lines calculated from the timebase 6 Choose a line style for your trace solid Line or Points Sequence Mode Display To a set up Sequence Mode display you must first have selected Sequence trig...

Страница 107: ...alog style display User definable persistence duration can be used to view how the maps evolve proportionally over time Statistical integrity is preserved because the duration decay is proportional to the persistence population for each amplitude or time combination in the data In addition the instrument gives you post acquisition saturation control for a more detailed display When you select mode...

Страница 108: ...ixels not seen at higher percentages 3 Dimensional Persistence By selecting 3d you can create a topographical view of your waveform from a selection of shadings textures and hues The advantage of the topographical view is that areas of highest and lowest intensity are shown as peaks and valleys in addition to color or brightness The shape of the peaks pointed or flat can reveal further information...

Страница 109: ...rojected light view of the same waveform This view emphasizes the shape of the pulses Here is a wire frame view of the same waveform in which lines of equal intensity are used to construct the persistence map Show Last Trace For most applications you may not want to show the last trace because it will be superimposed on top of your persistence display In those cases turn off Show Last Trace by tou...

Страница 110: ...ce Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Persistence On checkbox If Per Trace is selected touch the Reset All button to return all input channel setups to their default settings 3 Touch the All Locked button if you want to set the same mode saturation level persistence time and last trace display for all input channels Touch the Per Trace button to set these for each input channel individually 4...

Страница 111: ...panel Analog Persist button This button toggles Analog Persistence on and off SCREEN SAVER The Windows screen saver is activated in the same way as for any PC 1 Minimize the instrument display by touching File in the menu bar then Minimize in the drop down menu 2 Touch Start down in the task bar 3 Touch Settings in the pop up menu 4 Touch Control Panel 5 Touch Display 6 Touch the Screen Saver tab ...

Страница 112: ...veform On the other hand you can zoom a memory or math function non zoom trace directly without having to create a separate zoom trace For such traces a zoom control mini dialog is provided at the right of each math trace Fx setup dialog The front panel QuickZoom button creates multiple zooms one for each displayed input channel At any time you can also zoom a portion of a waveform by touching and...

Страница 113: ...rrent horizontal and vertical zoom factors 4 If you want to increase or decrease your horizontal or vertical zoom in small increments touch the Var checkbox to enable variable zooming Now with each touch of the zoom control buttons the degree of magnification will change by a small increment To zoom in or out in large standard increments with each touch of the zoom control buttons leave the Var ch...

Страница 114: ...e front panel Math function traces F5 to F8 will be used to create a zoom of each displayed input channel waveform Each zoom will be displayed in its own grid To Turn Off Zoom 1 Touch the math function trace label for the zoom you want to turn off 2 Touch the Trace On checkbox to delete the check mark and disable the zoom trace Multi Zoom The Multi zoom feature creates time locked zoom traces for ...

Страница 115: ...x to enable Multi zoom Then touch the Include checkbox for each zoom trace you want to include in the time locked multi zoom Here the user has chosen to include only F2 and F3 in the Multi zoom even though F4 is also a zoom function and is also displayed Thus the scrolling feature will not affect zoom F4 6 Use the Auto Scroll buttons at the right of the Multi Zoom dialog to control the zoomed sect...

Страница 116: ...axis The shape of the resulting pattern reveals information about phase difference and frequency ratio To Set Up XY Displays 1 In the menu bar touch Display then touch Display Setup in the drop down menu 2 Choose an XY display by touching one of the XY display mode buttons You have the choice of showing the two waveforms on just the XY grid or you can also show the input waveforms on a single or d...

Страница 117: ...ups on the scope s hard drive touch inside a SetupX data entry field and use the pop up keyboard to enter a file name Touch alongside the data entry field The file is deposited in D Internal Setups and the current date is displayed above the field To Recall Scope Settings 1 In the menu bar touch File then touch Recall Setup in the drop down menu 2 To Recall From File touch inside the Recall panels...

Страница 118: ...t your waveforms to print in color with a white background A white background saves printer toner 7 Touch inside the Directory field and type in the path to the directory where you want the image stored using the pop up keyboard Or you can touch the browse button and navigate there 8 Touch inside the File Name field and type in a name for your image using the pop up keyboard 9 Under Include On Pri...

Страница 119: ...XYZ0 through XYZ31 the waveform will be renumbered with the next available number in the sequence If you need to use a number in your waveform s name it is recommended that you append an alpha character at the end of the number XYZ32a for example 1 If you are saving to file touch the Data Format field and select a format type from the pop up menu If you select ASCII or Excel also touch the SubForm...

Страница 120: ...1 to M4 4 If you selected File touch inside the Destination field and select a memory location in which to store the file a Touch inside the Show only files field and select an area to limit the search to channels math functions or memory b Touch inside the Recall files from directory data entry field and enter the path using the pop up keyboard Or touch the Browse button to navigate to the file c...

Страница 121: ...Folder 1 Touch File in the menu bar then Disk Utilities in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Delete button in the Disk Utilities dialog 3 Touch inside the Current folder data entry field and use the pop up keyboard to enter the path to the folder that contains the file you want to delete Or touch the Browse button and navigate to the folder 4 Once you have located the folder touch the Empty Folder bu...

Страница 122: ... up choose the printer you want to print to Touch the Properties button to see your printer setup 5 Touch the icon for the layout Orientation you want portrait or landscape 6 Touch the Grid Area Only checkbox if you do not need to print the dialog area and you only want to show the waveforms and grids To Print You can print in one of three ways Press the printer button on the front panel In the me...

Страница 123: ... you want to set as the default printer then touch File Set as Default Printer MANAGING FILES Use the instrument s utilities to create waveform files on floppy disk internal hard drive or network drives You can copy files from your hard drive to floppy disk You also can give your files custom names and create directories for them Hard Disk Partitions The instrument s hard disk is partitioned into ...

Страница 124: ...ator s Manual 122 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A 100BASE T ETHERNET CONNECTION CONNECTING TO A NETWORK Use the Ethernet connector item 8 in the rear panel diagram to connect the instrument to a network ...

Страница 125: ...tions if your scope does not work properly try reloading the instrument software from the CD shipped with the scope Do not modify or remove any system fonts doing so may affect the readability of the dialogs Do not change any display properties like Background Appearance Effects or Settings Functionality of the scope or screen saver may be affected Do not make any changes to the Windows folder Do ...

Страница 126: ...eld and select a parameter from the pop up menu 5 Touch the Trend button at the bottom of the dialog then from the Math selection for Trend menu select a math function location F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded on your scope See specifications to store the Trend display The Trend will be displayed along with the trace label Example Trend Trace Labe...

Страница 127: ...y field and select a parameter from the pop up menu 5 Touch the Track button at the bottom of the dialog then from the Math selection for Track menu select a math function location F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded on your scope See specifications to store the Track display The Track will be displayed along with the trace label Example Track Trace ...

Страница 128: ...hen close the pop up menu 8 Touch the math trace label for the math trace you just created 9 In the dialog to the right touch the Histogram tab 10 Under Buffer touch inside the Values data entry field and enter a value 11 Under Scaling touch inside the Bins data entry field and enter a value from 20 to 2000 12 Touch the Find Center and Width button to center the histogram Or touch inside the Cente...

Страница 129: ...meter 1 In the menu bar touch Measure then one of the Measure Mode buttons Std Vertical Std Horizontal or My Measure 2 Touch the Histicons checkbox to display thumbnail histograms below the selected parameters Note For measurements set up in My Measure you can quickly display an enlarged histogram of a thumbnail histogram by touching the Histicon you want to enlarge The enlarged histogram will app...

Страница 130: ...where you can enter a scale measured in standard deviations by which to create a new waveform HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS fwhm Full Width at Half Maximum Definition Determines the width of the largest area peak measured between bins on either side of the highest bin in the peak that have a population of half the highest s population If several peaks have an area equal to the maximum population the leftmo...

Страница 131: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 129 Example ...

Страница 132: ...pulation peak is identified and the height of its highest bin population determined see the pks description Next the bin populations to the right and left are found until a bin on each side is found to have a population of less than xx of that of the highest bin A line is calculated on each side from the center point of the first bin below the 50 population to that of the adjacent bin towards the ...

Страница 133: ...uld indicate the difference between the binary 1 and 0 voltage values Description The values at the center line dividing the population of peak in half of the two highest peaks are determined see pks parameter description The value of the leftmost of the two peaks is the histogram base see hbase While that of the rightmost is the histogram top see htop The parameter is then calculated as hampl hto...

Страница 134: ... with two primary parameter values such as TTL voltages where hbase would indicate the binary 0 voltage value Description The two highest histogram peaks are determined If several peaks are of equal height the leftmost peak among these is used see pks Then the leftmost of the two identified peaks is selected This peak s center value the line that divides the population of the peak in half is the h...

Страница 135: ...stogram Description The center value of each populated bin is squared and multiplied by the population height of the bin All results are summed and the total is divided by the population of all the bins The square root of the result is returned as hrms Example Using the histogram shown here the value for hrms is hrms 2 87 ...

Страница 136: ... useful for waveforms with two primary parameter values such as TTL voltages where htop would indicate the binary 1 voltage value Description The two highest histogram peaks are determined The rightmost of the two identified peaks is then selected The center of that peak is htop center is the horizontal point where the population to the left is equal to the area to the right Example ...

Страница 137: ...axp Maximum Population Definition The count vertical value of the highest population bin in a histogram Description Each bin between the parameter cursors is examined for its count The highest count is returned as maxp Example Here maxp is 14 ...

Страница 138: ...inition The value of the highest population bin in a histogram Description Each bin between the parameter cursors is examined for its population count The leftmost bin with the highest count found is selected Its center value is returned as mode Example Here mode is 150 mV ...

Страница 139: ...ual or exceed xx of the population value is encountered A ratio of the number of counts needed for xx population total bin population is then determined for the bin The horizontal value of the bin at that ratio point of its range is found and returned as pctl Example The total population of a histogram is 100 The histogram range is divided into 20 bins and xx is set to 25 The population sum at the...

Страница 140: ...ned from left to right Any bin that crosses above T2 signifies the existence of a peak Scanning continues to the right until one bin or more crosses below T2 However if the bins cross below T2 for less than a hundredth of the histogram range they are ignored and scanning continues in search of peaks that cross under T2 for more than a hundredth of the histogram range Scanning goes on over the rema...

Страница 141: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 139 ...

Страница 142: ...nition Computes the difference between the value of the rightmost and that of the leftmost populated bin Description The rightmost and leftmost populated bins are identified The difference in value between the two is returned as the range Example In this example range is 2 mV ...

Страница 143: ...tp Total Population Definition Calculates the total population of a histogram between the parameter cursors Description The count for all populated bins between the parameter cursors is summed Example The total population of this histogram is 9 ...

Страница 144: ...n order of total area for a discussion on how peaks are identified see the description for the pks parameter The center of the nth ranked peak the point where the area to the left is equal to the area to the right where n is selected by you is then returned as xapk Example The rightmost peak is the largest and is thus ranked first in area 1 The leftmost peak although higher is ranked second in are...

Страница 145: ...values a range of 50 V is unnecessarily large whereas one of 4 V 2 5 V is more reasonable It is the 5 V range that is then subdivided into bins And if the number of bins used were 50 each would have a range of 5 V 50 bins or 0 1 V bin Events falling into the first bin would then be between 1 5 V and 1 6 V While the next bin would capture all events between 1 6 V and 1 7 V and so on After a process...

Страница 146: ...generates histograms of the parameter values of input waveforms But first you must define the following The parameter to be histogrammed The trace on which the histogram is to be displayed The maximum number of parameter measurement values to be used in creating the histogram The measurement range of the histogram The number of bins to be used Some of these are pre defined but can be changed Once ...

Страница 147: ...stograms to be redisplayed using an acquired set of values and settings that produce a distribution shape with the most useful information In many cases the optimal range is not readily apparent So the scope has a powerful range finding function If required it will examine the values in the parameter buffer to calculate an optimal range and redisplay the histogram using it The instrument will also...

Страница 148: ...lable through selecting Statistics from the Category menu they are calculated for the selected section between the parameter cursors fwhm full width of largest peak at half the maximum bin fwxx full width of largest peak at xx the maximum bin hist ampl histogram amplitude between two largest peaks hist base histogram base or leftmost of two largest peaks hist max value of the highest right most po...

Страница 149: ... peaks is very useful because they indicate dominant values of a signal However signal noise and the use of a high number of bins relative to the number of parameter values acquired can give a jagged and spiky histogram making meaningful peaks hard to distinguish The scope analyzes histogram data to identify peaks from background noise and histogram definition artifacts such as small gaps which ar...

Страница 150: ...ween populated bins that may make it difficult to determine peaks The oscilloscope s 20 000 parameter buffer is very effective for determining the optimal number of bins to be used An optimal bin number is one where the change in parameter values is insignificant and the histogram distribution does not have a jagged appearance With this buffer a histogram can be dynamically redisplayed as the numb...

Страница 151: ...ured for each measurement mode Each cursor locates a point on the waveform The cursor values can be read in the descriptor label for the trace Use the Position data entry fields at the right side of the dialog to place the cursors precisely This is the difference in Y values The value can be read in the descriptor label for the trace This gives the slope between cursors If there are non time domai...

Страница 152: ...oth cursors to move in unison as you adjust the position touch the Track check box to enable tracking OVERVIEW OF PARAMETERS Parameters are measurement tools that determine a wide range of waveform properties Use them to automatically calculate many attributes of your waveform like rise time rms voltage and peak to peak voltage for example There are parameter modes for the amplitude and time domai...

Страница 153: ...follows A green check mark means that the scope is returning a valid value A crossed out pulse means that the scope is unable to determine top and base however the measurement could still be valid A downward pointing arrow indicates an underflow condition An upward pointing arrow indicates an overflow condition An upward and downward pointing arrow indicates an underflow and overflow condition ...

Страница 154: ...erflow condition in which the amplitude of the waveform cannot be determined 1 Minimize the scope display by selecting File Minimize 2 Touch the X Stream Browser desktop icon to open the browser 3 Touch the left scope icon Connect to a local X Stream DSO device in the X Stream Browser toolbar 4 Select Measure Parameter in error P1 Out Result ...

Страница 155: ...stics that are displayed are as follows value last mean min max sdev num The values displayed in the num row is the number of measurements computed For any parameter that computes on an entire waveform like edge level mean minimum maximum etc the value displayed represents the number of sweeps For any parameter that computes on every event the value displayed is equal to the number of events per a...

Страница 156: ... menu bar touch Measure then Measure Setup 2 Choose a Measure Mode from the dialog The parameters are displayed below the grid Measure Modes The selections for Measure Mode allow you to quickly apply parameters for standard vertical and standard horizontal setups and custom setups Standard Vertical Parameters These are the default Standard Vertical Parameters Vertical mean sdev max min ampl pkpk t...

Страница 157: ...ion multiplication division on the results of two parameter measurements Alternatively you can apply math to a single parameter for example invert By customizing parameters in this way you can effectively extend the range of parameter measurements based on your particular needs Logarithmic Parameters The parameter math feature prevents multiplication and division of parameters that return logarith...

Страница 158: ... data next DC2DPOS delta clock to data previous DC2DNEG delta delay DDLY delta time at level DTLEV phase PHASE resolution RES mTnTmT shift BEES mTnTmT shift sigma BEESS mTnTmT shift sigma list BEESS Parameter Script Parameter Math In addition to the arithmetic operations the Parameter Math feature allows you to use VBScript or JavaScript to write your own script for one or two measurements and pro...

Страница 159: ...t as shown in the figure below P Script on the other hand is another VBScript or JavaScript that takes as input one or two parameters and performs a math operation on them to produce another parameter output The inputs to Param Script can also be math F1 Fx or memory M1 Mx traces The inputs to P Script can be the results of any parameter measurement not necessarily Param Script ...

Страница 160: ...o P1 to Px If you are applying math to a single parameter for example invert just touch inside the Source1 field and select a parameter P1 to Px 6 Touch inside the Math Operator field and select a math operation from the Select Measurement menu If you select an operation that requires two input parameters the Source field will expand to two fields To Set Up Parameter Script Math 1 Touch Measure in...

Страница 161: ...orage location If you create your script in this window you can then export it and save it to file Measure Gate Using Measure Gate you can narrow the span of the waveform on which to perform parameter measurements allowing you to focus on the area of greatest interest You have the option of dragging the gate posts horizontally along the waveform or specifying a position down to hundredths of a div...

Страница 162: ...e you can see that the Measure Gate includes only five rising edges Therefore parameter calculations for rise time are performed only on the five pulses bounded by the gate posts The position of the gate posts is shown in the Start and Stop fields in the accompanying dialog ...

Страница 163: ... of interest set up you can simply touch the parameter Example Parameter Readout directly below the grid 3 Touch inside the Start data entry field and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad Or you can simply touch the leftmost grid line and drag the gate post to the right 4 Touch inside the Stop data entry field and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad Or you can simply touch the r...

Страница 164: ...the option by means of an Always On checkbox to leave the Help Markers displayed after you have closed the Help Markers setup dialog You have a choice of Simple or Detailed views of the markers The Simple selection produces cursors and Measure Gate gate posts The gate posts are independently placeable for each parameter The Detailed selection produces cursors Measure Gate gate posts a label identi...

Страница 165: ... The Simple selection produces cursors and Measure Gate gate posts The gate posts are independently placeable for each parameter or Detailed The Detailed selection produces cursors Measure Gate gate posts a label identifying the parameter being measured and a level indicator and hysteresis band for at level parameters Note The choice of Simple or Detailed is applied to all parameters at the same t...

Страница 166: ...categorized by type appears To display parameter icons only touch the icon button at the bottom of the menu To display the icons in list form along with an explanation of each parameter touch the list button Use the Up Down buttons to scroll through the list of icons 4 When you make a selection from the parameter icon menu the setup dialogs for that parameter appear You can then change the wavefor...

Страница 167: ...og touch the Measure button 2 Select a parameter from the pop up menu The Actions for trace source defaults to the channel or trace whose dialog is open If a parameter it goes into the next available parameter or the last one if all are used 3 Select another parameter or touch Close ...

Страница 168: ... the waveform data over the time interval spanned by the left and right time cursors For example the histogram of a waveform transitioning in two states will contain two peaks see Figure 1 The analysis will attempt to identify the two clusters that contain the largest data density Then the most probable state centroids associated with these two clusters will be computed to determine the top and ba...

Страница 169: ...ossing points on a rising or falling edge But when relative settings are chosen the vertical interval spanned between the base and top lines is subdivided into a percentile scale base 0 top 100 to determine the vertical position of the crossing points The time interval separating the points on the rising or falling edges is then estimated to yield the rise or fall time These results are averaged o...

Страница 170: ...ce lines Time parameter estimation depends on the number of cycles included within the observation window If the number of cycles is not an integer parameter measurements such as rms or mean will be biased However only the last value is actually displayed the mean being available when statistics are enabled To avoid these bias effects the instrument uses cyclic parameters including crms and cmean ...

Страница 171: ...ransition that does not exceed the boundaries of the hysteresis interval In Figure 3 Delta c2d 1 2 measures the time interval separating the rising edge of the clock trigger from the first negative transition of the data signal Similarly Delta c2d 1 2 measures the time interval between the trigger and the next transition of the data signal Level and Slope For several time based measurements you ca...

Страница 172: ...ween taa and taa 1 taa taa taa taa Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A ACSN Auto correlation Signal to Noise provides a signal to noise ratio for periodic waveforms Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Area Integral of data Computes area of waveform between cursors relative to zero level Values greater than...

Страница 173: ...ing Mean from the parameter table then touching the Cyclic checkbox Standard parameter cyclic Median Cyclic median Computes average of base and top values over an integral number of cycles contrary to median eliminating bias caused by fractional intervals Data value for which 50 of values are above and 50 below Choose this parameter by selecting Median from the parameter table then touching the Cy...

Страница 174: ... touching the Cyclic checkbox Standard parameter Delay Time from trigger to transition Measures time between trigger and first 50 crossing after left cursor Can measure propagation delay between two signals by triggering on one and determining delay of other Time between trigger and first 50 crossing after left cursor Standard parameter Delta delay delay Computes time between 50 level of two sourc...

Страница 175: ...us segment s to current segment s trigger for waveforms produced by a history function time from first to last accumulated waveform s trigger Time from first to last acquisition for average histogram or sequence waveforms Standard parameter Duty level Percent of period for which data are above or below a specified level Reference levels and edge transition polarity can be selected Hysteresis argum...

Страница 176: ... be loaded on the instrument Fall time Fall time Duration of falling edge from 90 10 Threshold arguments specify two vertical values on each edge used to compute fall time Formulas for upper and lower values lower lower thresh x amp 100 base upper upper thresh x amp 100 base Time at upper threshold minus Time at lower threshold averaged over each falling edge On signals not having two major levels...

Страница 177: ...lso Rise level Duration of falling edge between transition levels On signals not having two major levels triangle or saw tooth waves for example top and base can default to maximum and minimum giving however less predictable results Standard parameter First Indicates value of horizontal axis at left cursor Horizontal axis value at left cursor Indicates location of left cursor Cursors are interchan...

Страница 178: ...nsition polarity can be selected Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with JTA2 and XMAP options FWHM Measures the width of the largest area histogram peak at half of the population of the highest peak Available with DDM2 JTA2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A FWxx Measures the width of the largest area histogram peak at xx of the population of the high...

Страница 179: ...n a histogram Available with DDM2 JTA2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A Hist mean Average or mean value of data in the histogram Available with DDM2 JTA2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A Hist median Value of the X axis of a histogram that divides the population into two equal halves Available with DDM2 JTA2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A Hist minimum Value of the lowest left mo...

Страница 180: ...y for Hold Clock and Hold Data See also Setup parameter Reference levels and edge transition polarity can be selected Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with JTA2 and XMAP options Last Time from trigger to last rightmost cursor Time from trigger to last cursor Indicates location of right cursor Cursors are interchangeable for example the right cursor may b...

Страница 181: ...h DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local bsep Local baseline separation between rising and falling slopes Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local max Maximum value of a local feature Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local min Minimum ...

Страница 182: ...data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local tbe Time between events between local peak and next trough or local trough and next peak Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local tbp Time between a local feature peak and the next local peak Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data ...

Страница 183: ...feature Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local tot Time a local feature spends over a user specified percentage of its peak to trough amplitude Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Local tpt Time between local feature peak and trough Hyst...

Страница 184: ...th DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Mathcad Produces a parameter using a user specified Mathcad function Available with XMAP option Mathcad 2001i or later must be loaded on the instrument MATLAB Produces a parameter using a user specified MATLAB function Available with XMAP option MATLAB must be loaded on the instrument Maximum Measures highest point in waveform Unlike top does not assume wavefor...

Страница 185: ...on for a histogram Average of data Gives similar result when applied to time domain waveform or histogram of data of same waveform But with histograms result may include contributions from more than one acquisition Standard parameter Median The average of base and top values Average of Base and Top Standard parameter Minimum Measures the lowest point in a waveform Unlike base does not assume wavef...

Страница 186: ...m narrow band Available with DDM2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A N cycle jitter Peak to peak jitter between edges spaced n UI apart Compares the expected time to the actual time of leading edges n bits apart Available in SDA analyzers NLTS Provides a measurement of the nonlinear transition shift for a prml signal Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005AA Npts Number of points in th...

Страница 187: ...sidual to original power of a low frequency waveform overwritten by a higher frequency Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A Param Script Visual Basic or Java script that produces a measurement from one or two input waveforms Available with XMAP option Standard in DDA 5005A Peaks Number of peaks in a histogram Available with DDM2 JTA2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A Peak to peak ...

Страница 188: ...her pair of 50 crossings Starting with first transition after left cursor period is measured for each transition pair with values averaged to give final result Where Mr is the number of leading edges found Mf the number of trailing edges found the time when rising edge i crosses the x level and the time when falling edge i crosses the x level Standard parameter Period level Period at a specified l...

Страница 189: ...options Standard in DDA 5005A PW50 Average pulse width at the 50 point between the local baseline and the local peak or trough Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A PW50 Average pulse width at the 50 point between the local baseline and the local trough Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data A...

Страница 190: ...hresh x amp 100 base upper upper thresh x amp 100 base Time at lower threshold minus Time at upper threshold averaged over each rising edge On signals not having two major levels triangle or saw tooth waves for example top and base can default to maximum and minimum giving however less predictable results Standard parameter Rise 20 80 Rise 20 to 80 Duration of pulse waveform s rising transition fr...

Страница 191: ...however less predictable results Standard parameter RMS Root Mean Square of data between the cursors about same as sdev for a zero mean waveform Gives similar result when applied to time domain waveform or histogram of data of same waveform But with histograms result may include contributions from more than one acquisition Where vi denotes measured sample values and N number of data points within ...

Страница 192: ...Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with JTA2 and XMAP options Std dev Standard deviation of the data between the cursors about the same as rms for a zero mean waveform Gives similar result when applied to time domain waveform or histogram of data of same waveform But with histograms result may include contributions from more than one acquisition Where vi d...

Страница 193: ...atures Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 option Standard in DDA 5005A TIE level Difference between the measured times of crossing a given slope and level and the ideal expected time For Slope you can choose positive negative or both For output units you can choose time or unit interval UI A unit interval equals one clock period The Virtual Clock...

Страница 194: ...nd represents the higher most probable state determined from the statistical distribution of data point values in the waveform Value of most probable higher state Gives similar result when applied to time domain waveform or histogram of data of same waveform But with histograms result may include contributions from more than one acquisition Standard parameter Total Pop Total population of a histog...

Страница 195: ...evel Reference levels and edge transition polarity can be selected Hysteresis argument used to discriminate levels from noise in data Available with DDM2 JTA2 and XMAP options Standard in DDA 5005A X at max Determines the horizontal axis location of the maximum value between the cursors Restricted to time and frequency waveforms only X at min Determines the horizontal axis location of the minimum ...

Страница 196: ... but are standard on Disk Drive Analyzers and Serial Data Analyzers MATH MADE EASY With the instrument s math tools you can perform mathematical functions on a waveform displayed on any channel C1 to C4 or recalled from any of the four reference memories M1 to M4 To do computations in sequence you can also use math functions F1 to Fx as a source input waveform Or you can use Parameters P1 through ...

Страница 197: ...ph button then touch inside the Graph with field to select a graph mode The Graph modes are as follows Histogram of the values of a parameter Track of the values of a parameter Trend of the values of a parameter RESAMPLING TO DESKEW Deskew whenever you need to compensate for different lengths of cables probes or anything else that might cause timing mismatches between signals Resample a signal on ...

Страница 198: ... 5 Touch inside the Operator1 data entry field and select Rescale from the Functions category 6 In the dialog on the right touch the Rescale tab 7 Touch inside the First multiply by checkbox and enter a value for a the multiplication factor 8 Touch inside the then add data entry field and enter a value for b the additive constant 9 Touch inside the Override units checkbox to disregard the source w...

Страница 199: ...ate to increase the averaging speed points and events per second Continuous Averaging Continuous Averaging the default setting is the repeated addition with unequal weight of successive source waveforms It is particularly useful for reducing noise on signals that drift very slowly in time or amplitude The most recently acquired waveform has more weight than all the previously acquired ones the con...

Страница 200: ...ect a source waveform from the pop up menu 12 Touch inside the Operator1 field and select Average from the Select Math Operator menu 13 Touch the Average tab in the dialog to the right of the Fx dialog touch the Continuous button 14 Touch inside the Sweeps data entry field and enter a value using the pop up keypad The valid range is 1 to 1 000 000 sweeps To Set Up Summed Averaging 1 In the menu ba...

Страница 201: ...o noise ratio SNR improvement you gain is dependent on the form of the noise in the original signal The enhanced resolution filtering decreases the bandwidth of the signal filtering out some of the noise The instrument s constant phase FIR Finite Impulse Response filters provide fast computation excellent step response in 0 5 bit steps and minimum bandwidth reduction for resolution improvements of...

Страница 202: ...requency Enhanced resolution should therefore not cause overflow if the source data is not overflowed If part of the source trace were to overflow filtering would be allowed but the results in the vicinity of the overflowed data the filter impulse response length would be incorrect This is because in some circumstances an overflow may be a spike of only one or two samples and the energy in this sp...

Страница 203: ...tly shorter after filtering The number of samples lost is exactly equal to the length of the impulse response of the filter used between 2 and 117 samples Normally this loss just 0 2 of a 50 000 point trace is not noticed However you might filter a record so short there would be no data output In that case however the instrument would not allow you to use the ERES feature To Set Up Enhanced Resolu...

Страница 204: ...duce the input waveform by A sparsing factor of 4 for example tells the scope to retain only one out of every 4 samples A Sparsing offset of 3 on the other hand tells the scope to begin on the third sample then skip the number of samples specified by the sparsing factor 4 In this way the sample rate is effectively reduced For the sparsing factor interval you can set a value from 1 to 1 000 000 poi...

Страница 205: ...1 field and select an input waveform 4 Touch inside the Operator1 field then touch the Filter button in the Select Math Operator menu 5 Select Interpolate from the Filter submenu 6 Touch the Interpolate tab in the mini setup dialog to the right of the main dialog 7 Touch inside the Algorithm field and select an interpolation type 8 Touch inside the Upsample by Upsampling is the factor by which sam...

Страница 206: ...spectrum density functions These latter functions are even better suited for characterizing spectra The power spectrum V2 is the square of the magnitude spectrum 0 dBm corresponds to voltage equivalent to 1 mW into 50 ohms This is the representation of choice for signals containing isolated peaks periodic signals for instance The power density spectrum V2 Hz is the power spectrum divided by the eq...

Страница 207: ...eudo frequencies will appear in the spectral domain distorting the real spectrum When the start and end phase of the signal differ the signal frequency falls within two frequency cells broadening the spectrum The broadening of the base stretching out in many neighboring bins is termed leakage Cures for this are to ensure that an integral number of periods is contained within the display grid or th...

Страница 208: ...also reduced Hamming These reduce leakage and improve amplitude accuracy However frequency resolution is also reduced Flat Top This window provides excellent amplitude accuracy with moderate reduction of leakage but with reduced frequency resolution Blackman Harris It reduces the leakage to a minimum but with reduced frequency resolution FFT Window Filter Parameters Window Type Highest Side Lobe d...

Страница 209: ...alysis can be carried out FFT ALGORITHMS A summary of the algorithms used in the oscilloscope s FFT computation is given here in a few steps 1 The data are multiplied by the selected window function 2 FFT is computed using a fast implementation of the DFT Discrete Fourier Transform where xk is a complex array whose real part is the modified source time domain waveform and whose imaginary part is 0...

Страница 210: ...gular window results in a peak of 2 0 V magnitude at 0 Hz The waveforms for the other available spectrum types are computed as follows Phase angle arctan In Rn _Mn Mmin angle 0 Mn Mmin Where Mmin is the minimum magnitude fixed at about 0 001 of the full scale at any gain setting below which the angle is not well defined The dBm Power Spectrum where Mref 0 316 V that is 0 dBm is defined as a sine w...

Страница 211: ...rresponding to each window function is 1 0 0 dB for a rectangular window and less than 1 0 for other windows It defines the loss of signal energy due to the multiplication by the window function This loss is compensated for in the oscilloscope The following table lists the values for the implemented windows Window Frequency Domain Parameters Window Type Highest Side Lobe dB Scallop Loss dB ENBW bi...

Страница 212: ... the frequency resolution is equal to the bin width Delta f That is if the input signal changes its frequency by Delta f the corresponding spectrum peak will be displaced by Df For smaller changes of frequency only the shape of the peak will change However the effective frequency resolution that is the ability to resolve two signals whose frequencies are almost the same is further limited by the u...

Страница 213: ... obtained with the Flattop window Power Spectrum The power spectrum V2 is the square of the magnitude spectrum The power spectrum is displayed on the dBm scale with 0 dBm corresponding to Vref 2 0 316 Vpeak 2 where Vref is the peak value of the sinusoidal voltage which is equivalent to 1 mW into 50 ohms Power Density Spectrum The power density spectrum V2 Hz is the power spectrum divided by the eq...

Страница 214: ...ded on your scope See Specifications a pop up menu appears Select FFT from the menu 3 Touch the Single or Dual function of a function button if the FFT is to be of the result of another math operation 4 Touch inside the Source1 field and select a channel memory or math trace on which to perform the FFT 5 Touch inside the Operator1 field Select FFT from the pop up menu if you selected Single functi...

Страница 215: ... a first order discontinuity in the filled data Since the data at the end of the record is filled data it is advisable to select a weighting window other than rectangular to minimize the effect of the fill on the resulting spectrum 3 The default algorithm is a least primes algorithm that computes FFTs on transform sizes having lengths that can be expressed as factors of 2 N 5 K This is very compat...

Страница 216: ...n operators At the touch of a button test results can also be compared to these standard statistical limits current mean mean 1 SD mean 3 SD In Dual Parameter Compare mode your X Stream scope gives you the option to compare to each other parameter results measured on two different waveforms You can set your test to be true if Any waveform or All waveforms fit the criterion stipulated by the compar...

Страница 217: ...elect All In the test will be False if even a single waveform falls outside the mask Masks that you create from your waveform can be confined to just a portion of the trace by use of a measure gate See Measure Gate for an explanation of how this feature works Actions By touching the Stop Test checkbox in the Actions dialog you can set up the test to end after a predetermined number of sweeps that ...

Страница 218: ...f text that shows concisely the status of your last waveform and keeps a running count of how many sweeps have passed 5 Touch inside the Pass If field and select a boolean condition from the pop up menu 6 If you want to set up the test to end after a finite number of sweeps touch the Stop Test checkbox Then touch inside the After data entry field and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad 7...

Страница 219: ...pare 5 Touch inside the Compare Values field and select All or Any from the pop up menu By selecting All the test will be true only if every waveform falls within the limit that you will set By selecting Any the test will be true if just one waveform falls within the limit 6 Touch inside the Condition field in the ParamCompare mini dialog and select a math operator from the pop up menu 7 Touch ins...

Страница 220: ... field in the main dialog and select DualParamCompare 4 Touch inside the Source1 and Source2 fields and select a source from the pop up menu 5 Touch inside the ParamCompare mini dialog field and select a source from the pop up menu 6 Touch inside the Compare Values field and select All or Any from the pop up menu By selecting All the test will be true only if every waveform falls within the limit ...

Страница 221: ...k Testing 1 Touch Analysis in the menu bar then Pass Fail Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch a Qx tab a setup dialog for that position will open 3 Touch inside the Source1 field and select a source from the pop up menu 4 Touch inside the Condition field in the main dialog and select Mask Test 5 From the Test mini dialog make a selection in the Test is True when group of buttons This selection mea...

Страница 222: ... Make Mask tab 9 Touch inside the Ver Delta and Hor Delta fields and enter boundary values using the pop up numeric keypad 10 Touch the Browse button to create a file name and location for the mask if you want to save it 11 Touch the Gate tab then enter values in the Start and Stop fields to constrain the mask to a portion of the waveform Or you can simply touch and drag the Gate posts which initi...

Страница 223: ...between your PC and scope when you are operating the instrument remotely You can log all events or errors only This log can be invaluable when you are creating and debugging remote control applications To Set Up Remote Communication If you are connecting the scope to a network first contact your Information Systems administrator If you are connecting the scope directly to your PC connect a GPIB or...

Страница 224: ...d and enter a file name using the pop up keyboard Then touch the Export to Text File button HARDCOPY PRINTING For print setup refer to Printing CLIPBOARD This selection prints to the clipboard so you can paste a file into another application like MS Word for example To Print from the Clipboard 1 In the menu bar touch Utilities then Utilities Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Hardcopy tab 3 U...

Страница 225: ...p keyboard 7 Touch the Grid Area Only checkbox if you do not need to print the dialog area and you only want to show the waveforms and grids 8 Touch the Print Now button E MAIL The instrument also gives you the option to e mail your screen images using either the MAPI or SMTP protocols Before you output to e mail from the Utilities dialog you first have to set up the e mail server and recipient ad...

Страница 226: ... tab 3 Touch inside each of the Hour Minute Second Day Month and Year data entry fields and enter a value using the pop up numeric keypad 4 Touch the Validate Changes button To Set Time and Date from the Internet The Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP is used 1 Ensure that the scope is connected to the Internet through the LAN connector at the rear of the scope 2 In the menu bar touch Utilities the...

Страница 227: ...formance to you instrument This added performance is seen in the new math functions or parameters that you can choose from when doing Measure or Math setups PREFERENCES Audible Feedback You can elect to have audible confirmation each time you touch a screen or front panel control 1 In the menu bar touch Utilities then touch Preferences in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Audible Feedback Enable chec...

Страница 228: ...ch Preferences in the drop down menu 2 Touch the Offset Delay tab 3 Under Offset Setting constant in touch either the Div or Volts button Delay Control As you change the timebase this control allows you to either keep the horizontal offset indicator stationary when Div is selected or to have it move with the trigger point when Time is selected The advantage of selecting Div is that the trigger poi...

Страница 229: ...e the Originator Address From data entry field and use the pop up keyboard to type in the instrument s e mail address Then touch inside the Default Recipient Address To data entry field and use the pop up keyboard to enter the recipient s e mail address y If you chose SMTP touch inside the SMTP Server data entry field and use the pop up keyboard to enter the name of your server Touch inside the Or...

Страница 230: ...inimizes the instrument application to reveal the underlying desktop To maximize the application touch the appropriate shortcut icon TOUCH SCREEN CALIBRATION Touching the Touch Screen Calibration button starts the calibration procedure During the procedure you will be prompted to touch the center of a small cross in 5 key locations on the touch screen Because sufficient accuracy cannot be achieved...

Страница 231: ...ram the scope yourself The instrument does not just provide connectivity with data downloads to other programs It provides true customizable interaction with these other programs and allows you to truly customize the scope to do the exact job you want it to do The advantages to this are many You can use the standard processing power of the instrument to do most of your calculations You only need t...

Страница 232: ... You don t have to use all the data from the input waveforms you can select data from one or more segments which need not be aligned in the two input waveforms Examples Example 1 Simple math functions using VBScript WaveOut is the waveform being returned to the instrument F1 in this case WaveIn is the input waveform C1 in this case You can see that the F1 result is displayed on the scope and can b...

Страница 233: ...f the acquired waveform upper trace and the golden waveform The subtraction of course contains all the noise but it also shows the presence of a very small square wave signal Example 3 Here is the VBScript that produced the golden sine F2 above Frequency 3000000 0 Frequency of real data SampleTime InResult HorizontalPerStep Omega 2 0 3 1416 Frequency SampleTime Amplitude 0 15 Amplitude of real dat...

Страница 234: ...ew jitter measurement using a VBScript to emulate the PLL In this example a customer was not able to probe the desired clock signal The only probing point available was the output differential clock signal C2 However that clock was a factor of 10 slower than the clock embedded in the data signal C3 By using a VBScript to create a clock waveform of the appropriate frequency waveform F1 the customer...

Страница 235: ... after enhanced resolution has been applied It was created using instrument functions The lower trace is the first lobe of the FFT display But with a logarithmic frequency scale Click here for the VBScript In addition to VBScripting MATLAB Mathcad or Excel can also be used to generate a result The F1 trace shown below in Example 6 was calculated in MATLAB F1 WformOut from C1 WformIn1 and C2 WformI...

Страница 236: ...Operator s Manual 234 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Example 6 ...

Страница 237: ... calculations and solving equations and communicating with other programs Results can be presented in tabular or graphical form What is MATLAB MATLAB is a software package from MathWorks that provides an environment for work in computation and mathematics An interactive language and graphics are provided What is VBS VBS is a programming language but you don t write it in a special environment such...

Страница 238: ...M E Rev A The following diagrams were made by changing a small part in some cases just one line of a standard VBScript VBS is a well known standard language with excellent support documentation and it is easy to use in several different environments ...

Страница 239: ...t can be derived logically from the input waveform you can do it Many calculations can be done with remarkably small scripts but if you have no time for scripting you can use one of the proprietary packages such as Excel MATLAB or Mathcad which offer immense processing power Scaling and Display Scripting and programming allow a large variety of opportunities You may for example be using transducer...

Страница 240: ...ed are the vertical resolution and the number of samples A practical example DVI Data Clock skew The next example is a measurement of DVI Data Clock skew jitter measurement using a VBScript to emulate the PLL A solution to a practical measurement problem was shown earlier These are just a few of the many solutions that can be created Top of Page CALLING EXCEL FROM YOUR INSTRUMENT Calling Excel Dir...

Страница 241: ... Excel program directly How to Select a Math Function Call The Excel math function is selected from the Math Operator menu where it appears in the Custom group How to Select a Parameter Function Call The Excel Parameter function is selected from the Select Measurement menu where it appears in the Custom group The Excel Control Dialog Once you have invoked an Excel call you will see a dialog at the...

Страница 242: ... Manual 240 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Create Demo Sheet Calls up a default Excel spreadsheet Add Chart Adds charts of your waveforms to Excel You can go into Excel and create as many charts as you want ...

Страница 243: ...n the sheet be careful to avoid over writing needed information especially when you are using multiple input waveforms As depicted here the instrument panel has been pasted over the Excel sheet There are three arrays of data for the three waveforms up to two inputs and one output There are corresponding small arrays of information about each trace ...

Страница 244: ...Manual For one acquisition click Find Scale the instrument fits the current waveform into the grid All subsequent acquisitions will use this scale until you make a change From Sheet The scale is taken from the specified cells in the Excel sheet H2 through H10 in the example above where cell H2 was specified as the top of the data set as depicted below Trace Descriptors The next figure explains the...

Страница 245: ...ioning of your cell ranges within the sheet so that no conflicts occur Because filling cells in the spreadsheet is a relatively slow process all unwanted sources inputs should be left disabled unchecked For example if you want one waveform and two parameters derived from the data of three waveforms you can have one function with both sources enabled one with one source enabled and one with no sour...

Страница 246: ...ta are in columns A and B though only the first is used and the output is in column C All have been set to start at row 2 allowing space for a title in row 1 Columns D E and F contain the headers for the three waveforms These are the set of numbers that provide the description of the scope settings such as vertical scale and offset and number of samples ...

Страница 247: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 245 In this figure the panel has been pasted onto the Excel sheet for comparison ...

Страница 248: ...s Manual 246 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A To get the output values in column C we set C2 A2 and copy this formula down the column This is the only action needed in Excel and can be seen in the next figure ...

Страница 249: ...d displayed on the screen The input data is in columns A and B though by default only a single input column is used and the output is in column C All have been set to start at row 2 which allows for a header in row 1 To create this waveform you would simply do the following 1 Ensure that your acquisition has no more than 64 kpts the Excel calculation limit 2 Choose a function and select ExcelMath ...

Страница 250: ... E Rev A 3 Choose File Minimize from the menu bar to minimize the instrument display and open the Excel program 4 Create your formula for each data point in column A in this case our formula for cell C2 is A2 copied for the entire column as shown here ...

Страница 251: ...ns and returns the calculated data back to the display as the chosen F trace This Excel calculated trace can have further measurements or math calculations performed on it if desired You can also create a chart of the data in Excel automatically and view the data there Simply press the Add Chart button in the instrument s Excel dialog and a chart of the input top chart and Excel calculated output ...

Страница 252: ...Operator s Manual 250 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Examples of Excel Parameter Functions Excel Example 1 Exponential decay constant of a pulse Excel Example 2 Parameter gated by a waveform ...

Страница 253: ...utput of a phosphor The first figure shows a typical pulse including pseudo random noise generated by a VBScript The pulse was generated by a formula of the form e 1 t TC1 e t TC2 where TC1 and TC2 are time constants The requirement is to measure the time constant TC2 using the portion of the trace where TC1 has negligible effect This was done using Function F1 which is not a part of the measureme...

Страница 254: ...le in A created using the contents of cell F9 Horizontal Per Step The logarithmic data are in column D with the time scale repeated in C The output appears in cell H3 using the formula 1 SLOPE D21 D51 C21 C51 Required files Setup PhosphorDecay20Apr lss F1 Generator PhosphorPulseGen txt P1 Excel PhosphorDecay xls ...

Страница 255: ... to provide noise and varying pulse widths Randomize Timer Randomize Timer was used in both scripts to ensure that successive acquisitions produced different data Script F1 generates pulses with widths that are multiples of a set clock period F2 generates one pulse in the first half of the time window and one pulse in the second half Both pulses are constrained to coincide with the clock pulses of...

Страница 256: ...mber that in the instrument the sources were defined to be A10 and B10 This means that the first point on the waveform will be read into A10 and since the waveform has 500 points the last point will be read into A510 The same holds true for F2 and column B since F2 is assigned as Source2 and data is defined to write into column B starting with cell B10 To create the gating function in column C the...

Страница 257: ...tion to examine the cross correlation between two signals which are both noisy sinusoidal segments The correlation trace is of necessity shorter than the input traces The noise was generated using pseudo random numbers Randomize Timer was included in the VBScript to ensure that the two traces differed and that subsequent acquisitions differed Functions F1 and F2 are included only to simulate signa...

Страница 258: ... 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A This example used the CORREL Array1 Array2 function of Excel as depicted below Required files Setup CorrelateExcel22Apr lss Function F1 NoisySine22Apr txt Function F2 NoisySine22Apr txt Function F3 Correlate22Apr xls ...

Страница 259: ...operations in an Excel sheet Depicted below is an example from an Excel spreadsheet Here is an original instrument trace The method is very simple First the waveform is transferred to an Excel spreadsheet by means of an instrument Excel call Second two operations are needed in Excel placing a simple formula in one cell and copying that formula into a range of cells ...

Страница 260: ... plot is required to start at cell B134 The traces repeat at intervals of 250 cells Let us call this interval R If we require a horizontal displacement D then in cell CN we write B N R D In this example D is 10 Finally we may want a vertical displacement V and we write B N R D V In this example V is 0 02 D and V can be zero if required as depicted below All that remains is to copy the formula to t...

Страница 261: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 259 ...

Страница 262: ...ded only as a simulator of signals Instrument setup LaserStartup25Apr lss Function F1 LaserStartupApr25 txt Function F2 LaserStartupPulses xls No offset LaserStartupPulses2 xls Vertical offset LaserStartupPulses3 xls Vertical and horizontal offset Using a Surface Plot Excel Example 5 ...

Страница 263: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 261 Required files Setup LaserSurface1May lss Function F1 Generator LaserSurface2May txt Function F2 Excel LaserSurface2May xls ...

Страница 264: ...ur script and you can load a previous one Should you forget to save a script please note that when you save your setup it has your current scripts embedded in it Therefore it is a good idea to save your setup frequently It is worth saving the script separately as well because it is saved in a suitable format for printing or off line editing with Notepad Note that in both these examples the input d...

Страница 265: ... Next OutResult DataArray False newArray signed long integer data output Example Parameter Function Script RMS of a waveform Example script to produce a parameter This script calculates the root mean square of the input waveform Note that a trace of nominal length 1000 has data from 0 to 1001 The 1001st point is not visible so you normally use points 0 to 1000 giving 1001 points and 1000 intervals...

Страница 266: ...d is never seen That is why the loop in the script runs only to endData 1 OutResult Samples is the number of data in the output trace and is set to be the same as the number of data in the input trace If you set the output length less than the input length you get a shorter trace the remainder being made of zeroes If you try to set the output values to something illegal you may find that a part of...

Страница 267: ...ll cause an error message Anything after a single quotation mark on a line will not be used by the instrument This feature is intended for comments for example This is a comment A Amp Sin Omega T Calculate the output InResult DataArray and OutResult DataArray are only to be used as shown in the default scripts and in the example scripts you cannot refer directly to individual elements of these arr...

Страница 268: ... parameter function script explanatory notes The default parameter script is similar to the default waveform script but there are subtle differences First the size of the data array is the same as the nominal value you cannot use or see the extra two points So 500 points means just that 500 points Second the output looks like an array but only element zero is currently used You must copy your para...

Страница 269: ...eArray 0 MeanParameter InResult DataArray and OutResult DataArray are only to be used as shown in the default scripts and in the example scripts You cannot refer to or modify any individual element in these arrays Scripting with VBScript Separators The two separators in VBS are the colon and the single quotation mark Using the colon you can place two or more statements on a line for example XMin 0...

Страница 270: ...final result in an undesirable or unpredictable way If you want to change the type of a variable or a result use a conversion function that will show others what you intend to happen The conversion functions are CDbl CInt CLng CSng CStr Variable Names Upper and lower case have no significance in VBS either in variable names or in keywords the names reserved by the system but it is a good idea to b...

Страница 271: ...ce spaces for clarity except of course within variable names function names and other keywords Indenting control statements can be a great help in understanding a program For example For K Kstart To Kstop X K Sqr 3 For N NStart To Nstop Y N N If Y FullScale Then End If End of main calculation Next End of N loop Next End of K loop If a section becomes very long you could provide the end with a comm...

Страница 272: ...possibility that you will be dividing by zero make sure to trap this There are two ways of dealing with these types of problem One is to prevent it happening by making suitable tests before the calculation is performed The other is to let it happen and use an error handling routine This will be discussed later Normally in VBScript you will know the range of the data since all the incoming data are...

Страница 273: ...e the order of the calculations clear to any reader of the program which is desirable if you are to give it to a customer who will want to know what was intended Here are some examples of the uses of brackets Brackets are worked out before any other operations are performed Use brackets to force the result you want and also to clarify a calculation A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 90 B OR C A...

Страница 274: ...xit For GoTo__This is not allowed in instrument VBS If Then _ On one line__ If Then ElseIf Then End If If Then End If__ If Then Else End If Select Case End Select While Wend Choose the construction that best satisfies the requirements of speed and clarity The construction GoTo LabelledStatement is available in many languages including VBA but not in VBS GOTO is not allowed in VBS IF Then Else End ...

Страница 275: ...equal to B A B A is equal to B A B A is less than B A B A is less than B or equal to B A B A is not equal to B These statements are not like the usual program statements such as A B These statements are Boolean logic statements which can take the values True or False You may even see things like If A Then B which means that if A is True B gets done In the first example if A is negative we might wa...

Страница 276: ...is equivalent to If A 0 And B 0 Then Z Y End If Summary of If Then Else If Boolean Then AnyVBScriptingOnOneLine If Boolean Then AnyVBScriping End If If Boolean Then AnyVBScripting Else AnyOtherVBScripting End If If you write a list like this all the Booleans will be evaluated whether you want that or not If A 9 Then VBScripting1 If A 7 Then VBScripting2 ...

Страница 277: ...elect Case construction Select Case This is a very powerful construction which is also easy to understand when written out It is best for Integers and Strings where exact values are always obtained Here is a simple example Select Case K Case 7 Y 6 Z 3 Case 7 Y Sqr Sin A Z Sqr Cos A Case N Z Y X Case Else End Select Case N assumes that the value of N has already been set Case Else is included to co...

Страница 278: ...is useful when you do not know at programming time how many times the loop will be executed Here are some examples Do AnyVBSCalculation Loop Until D Pi Do Until Z Y AnyVBSCalculation Loop Do AnyVBSCalculation Loop While D Pi Do While Y Z AnyVBSCalculation Loop These constructions enable you to make the test before or after the calculation If before the calculation might not be done even one time i...

Страница 279: ...you want to do a job For this case a For loop is ideal especially when you have an array of numbers to work with Examples For K 0 To Total HistogramBin K 0 Next Omega TwoPi Period For N 0 To Period Y N A Sin Omega N Next Be careful about changing the counting variable in any loop You can do this to terminate the loop early but Exit For is better but you could also prevent it from terminating at al...

Страница 280: ...ly to the instrument Add two values or concatenate two strings Subtract two values Multiply two values Divide two values Divide two values to obtain an integer result Abs Make absolute value Asc Make ASCII value of a character Atn Make tan 1 of a value Result in range from π 2 to π 2 radians Cdbl Convert a value to double precision floating point Chr Create a character from an integer in range 0 t...

Страница 281: ...Mid Take or insert some characters in a string Mod Take the modulus of a value in terms of another value On Error Take some action if an error occurs Open Open a file Print Send some ASCII data to a file Put Send some data to a file Randomize Randomize Timer re seeds the pseudo random number generator Read Read from a file Right Take some characters at the right end of a string Rnd Make a random r...

Страница 282: ...the function Abs Abs A calculates the absolute value of an integer or a real number so the result is always positive or zero A can be any number in the range of the VB system Atn Atn A calculates the angle of which A is the tangent Because infinitely many angles can have the same tangent the output of Atn always lies in the range minus π 2 to plus π 2 The input can be any positive or negative valu...

Страница 283: ...me since the previous midnight in whole seconds Hints and Tips for VBScripting Set the trigger to Single or Stopped if you need to do a lot of editing it is faster Before starting a script remove any existing scripts that you do not need This is because errors in an existing script will give you error messages even if your current script is perfect And an existing good script may develop a fault i...

Страница 284: ...hing for a few seconds or a few acquisitions before being erased Look for the Script OK message Be patient before assuming that you still have a bug If your calculation requires data to be used at some other horizontal positions than their original ones make sure that your algorithm does not try to send data to non existent array positions that is beyond the edges of the screen You may have to tru...

Страница 285: ...mputable function has been requested Sometimes the line number given for an error is wrong This can happen when the error is of this general type Missing Next Missing End If Extra Next Missing Until etc This happens because VBS cannot know where you should have put the statement If at some point during the calculation of an output array a value goes outside the allowed range the calculation will s...

Страница 286: ...Operator s Manual 284 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A ...

Страница 287: ...enerator of pseudo random statistical values If these belong to a distribution that in principle has an infinite range or a finite range which is wider than the signed 16 bits allowed check each value If a value falls outside the range you could set it to the maximum or generate another example You can however use one of the following On Error Resume Next followed by some code that may make some a...

Страница 288: ...ith the normal instrument functions Here are some possibilities Create a new function that acts on waveform values Create a new parameter Create a new form of non linear vertical scale Create a new form of non linear horizontal scale Move some or all data horizontally including reflections Combine data to form digital filters Show several function results side by side Show several function results...

Страница 289: ...ted the debugger will open and allow single stepping variable examination etc Using VBA or Visual Basic to debug VBScripts is not recommended since the language syntax for these three variants of basic is slightly different Horizontal Control Variables InResult HorizontalOffset Double precision Time shift of input waveform on grid in units of horizontal scale OutResult HorizontalOffset Double prec...

Страница 290: ...cal levels in the output waveform 1 256 of vertical full scale for channel waveforms 1 65536 of vertical full scale for math waveforms InResult VerticalUnits String Vertical units of input waveform OutResult VerticalUnits String Vertical units of output waveform List of Variables Available to Scripts FirstEventTime out retval VARIANT pVal FirstEventTime in VARIANT newVal LastEventTime out retval V...

Страница 291: ...RIANT array HorizontalFrameStart out retval double pVal HorizontalFrameStart in double newVal HorizontalFrameStop out retval double pVal HorizontalFrameStop in double newVal VerticalFrameStart out retval double pVal VerticalFrameStart in double newVal VerticalFrameStop out retval double pVal VerticalFrameStop in double newVal VerticalResolution out retval double pVal VerticalResolution in double n...

Страница 292: ...xcelApp GetObject Excel Application ExcelApp Visible True ExcelColumnA 2 Column where the data will appear in Excel ExcelRow 10 Row where the data will start ExcelColumnB 3 Column where the output data will appear in Excel For K 0 To LastPoint ExcelApp ActiveSheet Cells ExcelRow K ExcelColumnA USD K Next Once the data are in Excel any Excel functions can be applied to the data The results can be r...

Страница 293: ...ction F1 through Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded on your scope See Specifications MATLAB returns a waveform Using a parameter P1 through Px MATLAB returns a parameter In both cases one call to MATLAB can use two separate waveforms as input providing much greater computing power than is available by calling MATLAB from a VBScript Note If you do not plac...

Страница 294: ...ct a Waveform Function Call The MATLAB Waveform functions are selected from the Select Math Operator menu Please note that once you have clicked on MATLAB Wave there will be a slight pause before MATLAB starts Source 1 and Source 2 are the waveforms that MATLAB will use ...

Страница 295: ...ind Scale to make your output fit the grid or use the text boxes to choose a scale MATLAB Waveform Function Editor Example By touching Edit Code you can reach the MATLAB Editor where you will see the default waveform function If you are familiar with MATLAB you might prefer to launch MATLAB and create a MATLAB function that performs your task Your program in the instrument could then be a one line...

Страница 296: ...me needed to display it could be quite long The response values can be useful during development and debugging Any line without a semicolon will produce a visible MATLAB Response From this panel you can save your code load a previous code and edit your function A powerful feature of MATLAB is that you can refer to an entire waveform as a vector The two input waveforms are WformIn1 and WformIn2 whi...

Страница 297: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 295 You can write statements such as these WformOut 5 WformIn 5 WformOut 89 WformIn 144 WformOut 34 55 WformIn 34 55 WformOut 233 377 WformIn 100 244 ...

Страница 298: ...Operator s Manual 296 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A This very simple example adds a rescaled copy of Channel 2 to a copy of Channel 1 and then rescales the result ...

Страница 299: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 297 MATLAB Example Waveform Plot If you touch the MATLAB Plot checkbox you will see a MATLAB plot like this one ...

Страница 300: ...Operator s Manual 298 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A How to Select a MATLAB Parameter Call Menu position for MATLAB parameter call in Select Measurement menu ...

Страница 301: ...B Parameter Control Panel Once you have invoked a MATLAB parameter call a mini dialog to the right of the main dialog will appear You can touch the MATLAB Plot checkbox if you want to see a plot in MATLAB as well as getting a result in the instrument ...

Страница 302: ...el 1 and the result would be shown in the MATLAB Response pane for an amplitude of 0 15 volt You can load an existing MATLAB program using the Load Code button and you can save the current program using the Save Code button If you are familiar with MATLAB you might prefer to launch MATLAB and create a MATLAB function that performs your task Your program in the instrument could then be a one line c...

Страница 303: ... October 2003 301 MATLAB Example Parameter Panel The next example calculates the ratio of the number of data points that are above a given level to the number of points below the level in this case one half of the amplitude ...

Страница 304: ...Operator s Manual 302 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A ...

Страница 305: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 303 Further Examples of MATLAB Waveform Functions Negate the input signal Square the input signal ...

Страница 306: ...Operator s Manual 304 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Create pulses from a sinusoid Create pulses at the zero crossings of the signal ...

Страница 307: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 305 Convolve two signals ...

Страница 308: ...eate a MATLAB function using any text editor and save it as a MATLAB m file by giving it a name of the form Filename m Call the function using the MATLAB math editor or the MATLAB parameter editor as appropriate A simple example is shown below function out negatewf wf1 NEGATEWF changes the sign of all the data out wf1 ...

Страница 309: ...topology that you need Basic mode also allows you to recall VBScripts that can set up all or part of the scope and do many other things Another more powerful feature is the PlugIn which allows you to add your own ActiveX controls to a setup These controls are powered by routines written in Visual Basic With ActiveX controls you can create your own user interfaces to suit your own preferences A lar...

Страница 310: ...ox the eight CustomDSO buttons will continue to be available at the bottom of the screen after you close the CustomDSO dialog Furthermore they will appear automatically each time the DSO is powered up Editing a CustomDSO Setup File If the file does not exist touch the Edit button a dialog will appear for you to create the file If the file does already exist the Edit button enables you to modify it...

Страница 311: ...CustomDSO 1161 CustomDSO Setup C lss 1162 CustomDSO ActionScript1 c LeCroy XStream CustomDSO A lss 1163 CustomDSO ActionEnable1 True 1164 CustomDSO ActionScript1 c LeCroy XStream CustomDSO B lss 1165 CustomDSO ActionEnable1 True 1166 CustomDSO ActionScript1 c LeCroy XStream CustomDSO C lss 1167 CustomDSO ActionEnable1 False 1168 CustomDSO ActionScript1 c LeCroy XStream CustomDSO A lss 1169 CustomD...

Страница 312: ...play GridMode Dual dso Acquisition C1 VerScale 0 1 dso Acquisition Horizontal HorScale 1e 6 dso Acquisition TriggerMode Auto You can add to this fragment any commands you need CustomDSO PlugIn Mode This is the mode in which CustomDSO really shows its power You can insert any ActiveX control or graph Creating a CustomDSO PlugIn Follow these steps to create an example Visual Basic PlugIn 1 Start a n...

Страница 313: ...de Stopped End Sub Double click on the Auto button In the resulting code window insert code to make the following subroutine Private Sub AutoButton_Click Dim app as Object Set app CreateObject LeCroy XStreamApplication app Acquistion TriggerMode Auto End Sub 5 Test the Component in Internet Explorer This is an optional but very useful step because you can test your work without installing anything...

Страница 314: ...e View Properties button in Visual Basic you can customize your PlugIn to your exact requirements Among the most useful properties are the following Height Width BackColor Name Caption You can gain access to the properties of your objects by Clicking View Properties Positions and sizes of objects can be changed from View Object by dragging the object or one of its handles You can insert any availa...

Страница 315: ... next example you can see a command button a picture box a list box and a Tabbed Dialog Control The Tabbed Control arrow is not in the basic tool box To gain access to it right click in the tool box at left but not on an icon You will see this menu ...

Страница 316: ...03 WR6K OM E Rev A Now select the Microsoft Tabbed Control as shown below and click on Apply The control will be added into the toolbox at the left of the screen where you can double click on it as usual The new control is shown below arrow ...

Страница 317: ... Rev A ISSUED October 2003 315 The system is very versatile and you can place controls on the tabs of the Tabbed Control Look in the properties window to see how you can customize your tabs as illustrated below ...

Страница 318: ...least two visible traces The routine looks for the visible traces in the order C1 C4 F1 Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded on your scope See Specifications and it exchanges the first two it finds whenever the button is pressed Note that arrays of objects can be constructed allowing numerous objects to be accessed in simple loops Private Sub Command1_Click...

Страница 319: ... If End If Loop Until trace 12 Or views 2 Show the parity of the last swap If Command1 Caption Swap A Then Command1 Caption Swap B Else Command1 Caption Swap A End If Dim TextString As String TextString Text1 Text Dim TextValue As Integer TextValue Val TextString 1 TextString Str TextValue TextString Trim TextString Text1 Text TextString End Sub This routine exchanges the first two traces that it ...

Страница 320: ... be useful in any routine where numerous operations such as triggers have to be performed In fact the caption of the button could have been used to show the number of operations ActiveX offers a large range of standard controls including list boxes for selection from a list and picture boxes for drawing graphs and charts ...

Страница 321: ... Log Log FFT Plot A frequent requirement is to plot a frequency spectrum on two logarithmic scales The instrument provides a vertical scale so CustomDSO has only to change the horizontal one Here is an example The first figure has been truncated on the right side ...

Страница 322: ...s in the second the FFT was zoomed vertically The graph has a red line to represent the theoretical envelope for the peaks This has great potential for testing the transmission characteristics of amplifiers and filters since the output can be compared with a theoretical curve Furthermore if the output is divided by the ...

Страница 323: ...ng Samples WM Math F1 Out Result Samples Samples Samples 1 Make it a round number Calculate the horizontal scale LogSamples Log Samples XScale Samples LogSamples Set the scale using DSO variables Dim Top Bot As Single Top WM Math F1 Out Result VerticalFrameStop Bot WM Math F1 Out Result VerticalFrameStart Picture1 Scale 0 Top Samples Bot Dim Wave Wave WM Math F1 Out Result DataArray Dim Black Whit...

Страница 324: ...e X If X 1 Then Picture1 Line LogX Y OldLogX OldWave Black End If OldLogX LogX OldWave Y Next X End Sub Here is an example showing a simple one pole roll off compared to a curve Control Variables in CustomDSO The simplest way to select variables for use in CustomDSO is to use LeCroy s X Stream Browser ...

Страница 325: ...ycle Interval Error Period Width and Frequency Interval Error for example calculates the timing error of a signal compared with an ideal expected interval defined by a user specified reference frequency the most common estimator of jitter The short term variations of a digital signal s significant instants from their ideal positions in time are plotted This is the perfect tool for characterizing c...

Страница 326: ...med over all cycles or edges present in the input signal without limitations Statistical Tools The information obtained from applying timing parameters can then be analyzed using the statistical tools histograms and trends Histograms characterize and present as a bar chart the statistical distribution of a timing parameter s set of values In addition there are 18 statistical histogram parameters w...

Страница 327: ...WR6K OM E Rev A ISSUED October 2003 325 How JitterTrack s Interval Error works when Clock Mode is selected ...

Страница 328: ...ired reference clock frequency for an ideal position against which the signal is to be compared or use Find Frequency 2 Specify the level at which the jitter measurement is to be made as well as the rising or falling edge on which the measurement is to start 3 Timing errors are graphically revealed ...

Страница 329: ...largely depend on the application as well as the other factors set out in the tables below While JitterTrack sample points are evenly spaced in time those of Trend are not Trend plots any parameter available in the instrument against its event count as in a scatter or an XY diagram Characteristic Trend JitterTrack Representation parameter Value vs Events attribute value vs time Attributes or Param...

Страница 330: ... Jitter works only on one acquisition at a time time correlate an event and a parameter value JitterTrack monitor an evolution in the frequency domain JitterTrack Trend points are not evenly spaced in time and therefore cannot be used for FFT Fast Fourier Transform monitor JTA parameters Trend Random NRZ Non Return to Zero data stream and its corresponding clock signal ...

Страница 331: ... this JitterTrack provides both Clock and Data modes Selecting Data from the VClock dialog gives the superior timing resolution through normalization see table required for correctly measuring jitter in data signals The diagram on the previous page shows a data stream in relation to its clock signal It illustrates how data pulses contain within themselves multiples of their clock signal pulse widt...

Страница 332: ...Operator s Manual 330 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Modes CLOCK DATA Jitter Range 3Τ ε ε 3Τ Resolution coarse fine Comparing a Random Data Stream Analyzed Using Clock and Data Modes ...

Страница 333: ... trace touch the Jitter button in the Select Math Operator menu then the Track button The Select Math Operator menu closes and the JitterTrack is automatically enabled Jitter Parameters Setup 1 Touch Measure in the menu bar then Measure Setup in the drop down menu 2 Touch the My Measure button 3 In the Measure dialog touch an unused Px button to simply select a jitter parameter from the Select Mea...

Страница 334: ...lative jitter on an eye diagram Persistence Histogram Horiz Slice signal to noise ratio on an eye diagram Persistence Histogram Vert Slice the different interval widths present in a long data stream Histogram of Timing Parameter p lv cumulative jitter on a long record of a clock signal Histogram of Timing Parameter tie lv cycle to cycle jitter Histogram of p lv SETTING UP PERSISTENCE HISTOGRAMS Se...

Страница 335: ...stogram Selecting the Cut Touch inside the Cut Direction field and select either Vertical or Horizontal If you choose to cut a vertical slice the units of the center and width of the slice are given in nanoseconds If you choose a horizontal cut the units of the center and width of the slice are given in millivolts ...

Страница 336: ...essing can be performed From left to right are shown Average Range and Sigma An Innovative Visual and Processing Tool With this timing function not only can waveform noise and jitter be displayed but further processing can also be done Persistence Trace generates special graphic representations of the persistence waveform on which further processing such as the application of parameters and even P...

Страница 337: ... on a persistence trace sigma assess worst case noise on a persistence trace and use it to create a tolerance mask range To Set Up Trace Persistence 1 Touch Math in the menu bar then Math Setup in the drop down menu 2 In the Math dialog touch an unused Fx button to simply make a selection from the Select Math Operator menu Or touch an Fx tab for more setup options Note By default unused Fx positio...

Страница 338: ...ich the envelope will be formed enabling exclusion of infrequent events artifacts For each vertical time slice on the persistence map Ptrace Range calculates and plots an envelope corresponding to the map s range The range can then be used in further processing for example as a source for Pass Fail masks Ptrace Sigma Clear Sweeps Scale to standard deviations This allows you to select a sigma from ...

Страница 339: ...width accuracy wid lv Statistics On or use Histogram Width Jitter measure adjacent cycle deviation Dp lv Statistics On or use Histogram Cycle to Cycle Jitter count number of edges in a waveform edge lv measure duty cycle duty lv Statistics On or use Histogram Duty Cycle Jitter measure time interval error tie lv Statistics On or use Histogram Interval Error Jitter measure n cycle n cycle lv N Cycle...

Страница 340: ... parameter period at level p lv for example Plot the trend of the parameter To Set Up and Configure Trend Parameter Setup Before a Trend can be plotted the timing parameter must be selected as follows 1 Touch Measure in the menu bar then Measure Setup in the drop down menu ...

Страница 341: ... button if you want to make a measurement on the result of two other parameters that have been added subtracted multiplied or divided If you want to use this feature you must have first set up those other two parameters 6 Touch inside the Source1 field and select a channel or memory waveform on which to make the parameter measurement If you are performing Math On Parameters Touch inside each of th...

Страница 342: ...ative Hysteresis 0 div to 10 div Note The Hysteresis selection imposes a limit above and below the Level which precludes measurements of noise or other perturbations within this band The width of the band is specified in milli divisions Guidelines for Use 1 Hysteresis must be larger than the maximum noise spike you want to ignore 2 The largest value of hysteresis usable is less than the distance f...

Страница 343: ...s and typing in values using the pop up numeric keypad 5 You can also touch the Enable Auto Find checkbox if you want the instrument to continuously self adjust Center and Height HISTOGRAM AND TREND CALCULATION With the instrument configured for Histograms or Trends the timing parameter values are calculated and the chosen function performed on each following acquisition The Histogram or Trend val...

Страница 344: ...redisplayed using an acquired set of values and settings that produce a distribution shape with the most useful information In many cases the optimal range is not readily apparent so the instrument has a powerful range finding function If required it will examine the values in the parameter buffer to calculate an optimal range and redisplay the histogram or trend using it The instrument will also ...

Страница 345: ...om traces display all events for the displayed portion of a waveform between the parameter cursors When dealing with segmented waveforms and when a single segment is selected the histogram or trend will be recalculated for all events in the displayed portion of this segment between the parameter cursors Histogram Peaks Because the shape of histogram distributions is particularly interesting additi...

Страница 346: ...epresented by a bin may have a value anywhere within its sub range However parameter measurements of the histogram itself such as average assume that all events in a bin have a single value The instrument uses the center value of each bin s sub range in all its calculations The greater the number of bins used to subdivide a histogram s range the less the potential deviation between actual event va...

Страница 347: ...e a jagged appearance With this buffer a histogram can be dynamically redisplayed as the number of bins is modified by the user In addition depending on the number of bins selected the change in waveform parameter values can be seen In the next figure the histogram shown in the previous figure has been recalculated with 100 bins Note how it has become far less jagged while the real peaks are more ...

Страница 348: ...Operator s Manual 346 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A ...

Страница 349: ...necessary The Solution At present these needs are addressed in two ways One way is building analog filters and placing them in front of the oscilloscope providing an already filtered signal to the DSO The disadvantages of this approach are many Analog filters depend heavily on the accuracy and stability of analog components Although in some cases analog filters are easily implemented they are quit...

Страница 350: ...ilter to download them from the spreadsheet to the scope DFP2 s flexibility is shown by the following example 1 A 25 kHz square wave combined with an unwanted 60 Hz sinusoidal component 2 A high pass filter set to attenuate signals lower than 1 kHz is applied to remove the unwanted 60 Hz component 3 FFT of the unfiltered trace 4 FFT of the filtered trace Note the absence of the 60 Hz component Enh...

Страница 351: ...enuation Band 3 Stop Band above end of transition region signal is highly attenuated High pass Filter High pass filters are useful for eliminating DC and low frequency components Sample applications include Disk Drive and Optical Recording analysis emulation of the SLICING function Band 1 Stop Band DC to bottom of the transition region highly attenuated Band 2 Transition Region edge frequency minu...

Страница 352: ...dth increasing attenuation Band 5 Second Stop Band signal highly attenuated Band stop Filter Band stop filters are useful for eliminating a narrow band of frequencies Sample applications include medical equipment such as ECG monitors where the dominant ripple at 50 60 Hz is rejected leaving the low energy biological signals intact Digital troubleshooting the inherent frequency of the switched powe...

Страница 353: ...n a raised cosine filter effect Sample applications include wireless cellular communications such as WCDMA datacom telecommunications disk drive and optical drive analysis Band 1 Pass Band DC to corner frequency minus half width signal passes unattenuated Band 2 Transition Region corner minus half width to corner plus half width attenuation increases with frequency with a rolloff shape of 0 5cos a...

Страница 354: ...r frequency Band 3 Stop Band above corner frequency plus half width signal is highly attenuated The impulse function for the square root raised cosine filter is Gaussian Band 1 Pass Band DC to half power bandwidth times modulation frequency pass 3 dB down at half power bandwidth The shape of a Gaussian filter s frequency response is a Gaussian distribution centered at DC The signal becomes more at...

Страница 355: ...lters The Bessel filter is noted for its uniform phase response as a function of frequency The following figure shows a comparison between Butterworth and Bessel filters Note that the Bessel filter has a wider transition bandwidth but is linear within the pass band If you need the fastest rolloff the Chebyshev filters have the narrowest transition region for a given number of stages However the Ch...

Страница 356: ...lter FIR non recursive filters require a limited number of multiplications additions and memory locations On the other hand IIR recursive filters which are dependent on previous input or output values in theory require an infinite number of each 7 Whether you selected FIR or IIR touch inside the Filter Kind field and select a filtering operation Some choices are not available for IIR 8 If you sele...

Страница 357: ...l solution for the design and implementation of FIR filters with narrow spectral constraints Multirate filters change the input data rate at one or more intermediate points within the filter itself while maintaining an output rate that is identical to the input rate This approach provides a solution with greatly reduced filter lengths as compared to standard single rate filters This can be achieve...

Страница 358: ...ers provided with DFP2 are not sufficient for your needs you can create filters with virtually any characteristic up to 2000 taps The required custom filter can be designed with a digital filter design or math package such as MATLAB or Mathcad The filter coefficients can then be loaded into the scope from an ASCII file The file consists of numbers separated by spaces tabs or carriage returns Note ...

Страница 359: ...component as follows 1 Click in the blank spot in your worksheet 2 Choose Component from the Insert menu 3 Select File Read or Write from the list and click Next This launches the first part of the File Read or Write Setup Wizard 4 Choose Write to a data source and press Next to go to the second page of the Wizard From the File Format drop down list in this Wizard choose Tab Delimited Text 5 Type ...

Страница 360: ... a file selection box will appear Select the file saved from Mathcad the coefficients will be used in the filter Example 2 Creating an IIR Filter Coefficient File Using Mathcad Note This example uses the Mathcad Signal Processing Extension Pack order 6 fcutoff 1 A iirlow butter order fcutoff x 0 001 5 Now create an ASCII file containing the coefficients IirFilter txt Writing Data to a Data File To...

Страница 361: ...thcad variable containing the data that will be written to the data file It is important to transpose the variable Ctl 1 so that the variables appear in the correct order When you click outside the component the values in the Mathcad variable will be written to the filename you specified Each time you calculate the worksheet the data file is rewritten On the instrument when the Custom filter kind ...

Страница 362: ...t responds to changes in line and or load as well as during start up and shut down Line Power Analysis This area covers the measurement of line voltage and current applied to an off line power conversion device Real power apparent power power factor and line harmonics are measured Analysis of line harmonic content is included to assist the design and evaluation engineer in designing for pre compli...

Страница 363: ...ed with power devices are relatively fast it is important to determine whether the time delay for the current and voltage signal paths are the same Signal delay characteristics of the voltage and current probes as well as the distance the signals must travel from the probe tips to the input of the DSO can cause time coincident points on the voltage and current signals to be sampled by the DSO at d...

Страница 364: ...used as the voltage and current inputs and connect the voltage and current probes to those channels Connect the DCS015 Deskew Calibration Source to the DSO s calibrator output or to one of the unused channels Connect the voltage and current probes to the DCS015 as shown Be sure to observe polarity on the current and voltage signals ...

Страница 365: ...l 3 for current Deskew Setup Once the DCS015 s voltage and current waveforms are properly displayed use the PMA2 software to match the time delay in the voltage and current channels 1 From the menu bar select Analysis then PowerMeasure from the drop down menu the PowerMeasure dialog opens 2 Touch the Voltage tab then touch inside the Source field and select a channel memory or math trace from the ...

Страница 366: ...Operator s Manual 364 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A 5 The voltage and current displays should look similar to this ...

Страница 367: ...wer the Sampling Rate to around 100 kS s to speed up processing 2 Press the front panel channel button for the voltage channel The Vertical Adjust dialog opens Touch inside the Averaging field and set a value of approximately 5 sweeps to remove noise from the trace Then press the front panel channel button for the current channel and do the same for that trace This will make it easier to align the...

Страница 368: ...veforms alignment point 2 Turn the Adjust knob until the knee of the current and voltage waveforms are aligned Use the Fine button under the Adjust knob to make small adjustments 3 Touch inside the Deskew field and enter a value of zero on the pop up keypad to return the Deskew value to zero The time delays of these two channels are now matched and they can be used to make accurate measurements th...

Страница 369: ...not going to be using the PMA2 application immediately you should turn it off so as to undo modifications made during the deskew process 1 Touch Analysis in the menu bar then PowerMeasure in the drop down menu Alternatively touch one of the PowerMeasure descriptor labels 2 Under Analysis touch the Off button ...

Страница 370: ...ware The following diagram shows a typical setup used to analyze the power FET in an off line switching power supply A differential amplifier is used to acquire the voltage across the device and a current probe is used to acquire the current through it Typical Connections to a Circuit under Test Required to Make Instantaneous Power Safe Operating Area Saturation Voltage and Dynamic On resistance M...

Страница 371: ...re menu it is important to determine the source and setup of the triggers Identify the signal on which the main measurement will be triggered as well as the signal on which the acquisition of an extended measurement record is to be triggered The main trigger can be the device s voltage or current signal while the event trigger is usually associated with load change or turn on and turn off Establis...

Страница 372: ...of a record can be initiated from this event The Load Change EVENT trigger shown in the figure above was used for this example The event you need to trigger on may be different Initial Setup Main Trigger The following example uses the power transistor s drain to source voltage as a trigger source This is the same signal that will be used to measure the device s instantaneous power loss or safe ope...

Страница 373: ...ements Power Device Analysis Setup 1 From the menu bar select Analysis then PowerMeasure from the drop down menu the PowerMeasure dialog opens 2 Touch the Voltage tab then touch inside the voltage Source field and select a channel memory or math trace from the pop up menu 3 Using the Horizontal and Vertical front panel buttons adjust the time division and volts division to obtain a stable display ...

Страница 374: ... to set V div to allow the largest expected voltage excursion to remain on screen during all conditions of the test If the voltage signal goes off screen during the test erroneous results will be obtained 9 It is good practice to balance the DC offset of the voltage probe at this point Press the DA1855A s Autozero button to autobalance the amplifier Note The channel selected as the Current Input c...

Страница 375: ...e The previous sections should be completed before you make these measurements After the channel to channel propagation delay is matched and the previous measurement setup is completed measurements on the device under test can proceed 1 From the menu bar select Analysis then PowerMeasure from the drop down menu the PowerMeasure dialog opens 2 Touch the Device button The choices of measurement are ...

Страница 376: ...rid The instantaneous power waveform Pwr is displayed in the second grid 1 Fine Adjust DC Level for both voltage and current are provided to allow you to compensate for any residual DC offset that the voltage and current probes may exhibit Because the magnitude of residual DC offset error is usually unknown use of these adjustments requires that you know something about the waveforms 2 Press the F...

Страница 377: ...er the acquisition on an event trigger The above is a 10 ms window of a power FETs drain source voltage drain current deskewed and instantaneous power dissipation that occurs during the circuit s transition from maximum to minimum load The zoom of the instantaneous power waveform F1 is used to examine the instantaneous power dissipation during one cycle in trace Pwr In this case the acquisition of...

Страница 378: ...cal The delay between the voltage and current samples have been removed by the deskew function Fine Adjust DC Level fields for both voltage and current are provided to allow you to compensate for any residual DC offset that the voltage and current probes may exhibit Because the magnitude of residual DC offset error is usually unknown use of these adjustments requires that you know something about ...

Страница 379: ...T s drain source voltage drain current deskewed and safe operating area measurement that occurs during the circuit s transitioning from maximum to minimum load In this case the acquisition of the 10 ms record was triggered by the event trigger previously set up on Channel 4 Note When a power mode button is selected a great many calculations are performed by the scope A brief interval is required t...

Страница 380: ...ded by the deskewed current waveform and the resulting resistance waveform is displayed in the second grid R Because the device saturation voltage waveform R is off screen during the non saturation portion of the waveform the math generated resistance waveform should be ignored during this time 1 Fine Adjust DC Level for both voltage and current are provided to allow you to compensate for any resi...

Страница 381: ...be when the zero current point on the waveform is known 1 Press the Fine front panel button 2 Turn the Adjust knob so that the underscore under I the zero level indicator becomes level with the zero current level of the waveform Adjustment of the Fine Adjust DC Level for voltage operates in the same fashion Placing the voltage plus and minus differential probes on the same point in the circuit wil...

Страница 382: ...obe s LF compensation adjustment can have a large effect on the accuracy of device saturation voltage measurement Most DSO users are familiar with the requirement of adjusting passive probes for low frequency compensation Under normal usage the entire waveform is on screen when a passive voltage probe s low frequency compensation is adjusted which is usually adequate for most measurements However ...

Страница 383: ... 2003 381 Figure A The voltage probe appears to be properly compensated on a 400 V square wave when viewed at 100 V div Figure B When viewed at 500 mV div the same 400 V square wave shows the probe compensation to be slightly peaked ...

Страница 384: ...oltage with the slightly peaked LF compensation makes the voltage appear to go negative In this example the repetition rate of the power supply is 60 kHz Clearing the Power Device Analysis Setup To Exit PMA2 1 Touch the Power Measure tab 2 Under Analysis touch the Off button Measuring Device dv dt The speed of a power device s dv dt during turn on and turn off can be measured using PMA2 s derivati...

Страница 385: ...u can click and drag 2 Touch the dV dT tab if you want to zoom in on the derivative In the example above a power device s Drain to Source Voltage VDS signal V is displayed in the first grid In the second grid the derivative of the waveform s dv dt is displayed The dv dt waveform shown is a zoom of the dv dt function You can use cursors to find the signal s dv dt at any point ...

Страница 386: ...erred in each cycle The most common modulation method used is Pulse Width Modulation PWM The Modulation Analysis section of PMA2 provides you with tools to view the information contained in the control circuit s modulated signals The most common method of controlling the energy per cycle transfer in power conversion circuits is through the use of PWM Other methods such as frequency modulation are ...

Страница 387: ...load as well as other pulse widths that occur during load transition When operating in steady state a power supply s pulse width will be narrow during periods of low load and wider when the load is higher This difference is easy to see on a DSO in the XY display mode What happens to the pulse width during a change in load or some other EVENT is much ...

Страница 388: ...he modulated signal that is normally displayed on the horizontal axis along with elapsed time and displays it on the vertical axis Example of how Modulation Analysis measures the width of individual pulses and displays their value on the vertical axis As the number of pulses per division increases the display of their individual widths forms a waveform that represents the change in pulse width as ...

Страница 389: ...lation Analysis The Modulation Analysis portion of PMA2 lets you capture and analyze information contained in the power conversion circuit s modulation The exact setup for this measurement may be different depending on the specific circuit topology and where in the circuit under test the modulation signal is to be acquired The following diagram shows a typical setup used to acquire the modulated s...

Страница 390: ...made to find the circuit s response to some event Identify which signal in the circuit is to be used as a source of modulation information modulated signal and a signal event that can be used to trigger the acquisition of the record of the modulated signal Connect the differential probes to the appropriate points in the circuit under test to acquire the modulated signal An event such as turn on tu...

Страница 391: ...ample used here the acquisition is triggered as the power supply s 5 V supply load changes from maximum to minimum Presetting the trigger of such an event will make the final modulation measurement setup easier 2 Touch the Timebase descriptor label and set the time division trigger delay and trigger level for the event trigger channel to obtain a display similar to that shown above If the modulate...

Страница 392: ... shown above Finishing the Setup and Making Modulation Measurements 1 After the measurement is planned the modulated signal channel is identified the probes are connected to the proper point in the circuit under test and preliminary triggering is established use the PMA2 software to finish the setup and measure the signal s modulation 2 Change the trigger source to the event trigger previously set...

Страница 393: ... going edge and the next falling edge 3 Touch either the voltage or current descriptor label to get back to the PowerMeasure dialog then touch the Modulation tab 4 Touch inside the Level Is field and select either Absolute of Percent Then touch the Find Level button to find the 50 level of the modulated signal s width 5 Turn the front panel Adjust knob to set the voltage level on the modulated sig...

Страница 394: ...oltage waveform in this example The waveform that results from measuring the width of each pulse Mod is displayed in the second grid and zoom traces F1 and F2 of the modulated signal V are displayed in the third and fourth grids These grids are used to expand waveform V so that individual cycles of a multiple cycle record can be viewed Clearing the Modulation Analysis Setup 1 Touch the PowerMeasur...

Страница 395: ...2 for full definitions and limits set forth by the standard The following information is abstracted for your convenience Classification of Equipment For purposes of harmonic current limitation EN 61000 3 2 classifies equipment as follows Class A Balanced three phase equipment and all other equipment except that stated in one of the following classes Class B Portable tools Class C Lighting equipmen...

Страница 396: ...er analysis measurements the equipment should be set up as shown here In the examples below Channel 2 is used for voltage and Channel 3 is used for current But any channel can be used for voltage or current In the case of 3 phase systems multiple voltage and or current channels can be set up before analysis is started ...

Страница 397: ...NE POWER SOURCE The power source should be low distortion EN 61000 3 2 specifies maximum crest factor and harmonic distortion for the power source while it is connected to the equipment under test The test can be run with the available power line but the distortion in the source will directly affect the quality of the measurements ...

Страница 398: ...Operator s Manual 396 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A Setting Up the Line Voltage and Current Signals ...

Страница 399: ...tivating the Line Power Analysis Menu 1 Touch Analysis in the menu bar then PowerMeasure in the drop down menu 2 In the PowerMeasure dialog touch the Line Power button under Analysis then touch the Power button just to the right of that 3 Touch the Voltage tab and select the previously set up modulated signal voltage channel Then touch the Trace On checkbox 4 Touch the Current tab and select the p...

Страница 400: ... factor pf Line Harmonics Measurement Note To speed up processing it is recommended that you set the sampling rate to 50 kS s This is because the highest frequency we need to measure is 40 times the fundamental line frequency 50 60 Hz The maximum frequency to be captured therefore is 2 4 kHz A sampling rate of 50 kS s is sufficient for that frequency To set the sampling rate 1 Touch the Timebase d...

Страница 401: ...select an EN 61000 classification A B C or D from the pop up menu 3 Touch inside the Frequency field and select a power line frequency from the pop up menu 4 Touch inside the Units field and select Amps or dBuA decibels referred to one microAmp 5 Touch the Line Harmonics Table tab to the right of the main dialog to display results in tabular form 6 Turn the front panel Cursor knob to move the curs...

Страница 402: ...Operator s Manual 400 ISSUED October 2003 WR6K OM E Rev A ...

Страница 403: ...n any math function Therefore multiplying a current channel waveform by a voltage waveform results in watts dividing a voltage waveform results in resistance etc This allows the proper units to be displayed even when a shunt resistor and a voltage probe are used to measure current Scaling When a channel is selected as a current input or voltage input in the PMA2 setup dialogs its scale can be set ...

Страница 404: ...ve gain factor then touch inside the Effective Gain field Enter that value using the pop up keypad 5 If the current probe s DC offset cannot be adjusted to zero on the probe use the Fine Adjust DC Level to correct the level Adjusting Current When the Current Probe Has an Amplifier with a 10 mV div Normalization Factor This setup is useful for the AM503 amplifier and its family of current probes 1 ...

Страница 405: ...Current tab 2 Touch inside the Current probe type field and select Shunt resistor from the pop up menu the Shunt resistor field appears 3 Touch inside the Shunt resistor field and enter the value in ohms of the shunt using the pop up keypad 4 Use the Fine Adjust DC Level to zero the level Voltage Input Setup Menus This setup is useful when a non ProBus voltage probe is used on the voltage input ch...

Страница 406: ... from the Add Parameter Math Processor menu Another key feature of the Processing Web is that you can preview your waveform at any math or parameter node in the web Math previews are thumbnail images of the waveform For parameters the statistic displayed is the value of the last acquisition Once you have created a Processing Web setup you can save and recall it for future use the same as for any p...

Страница 407: ...th Setup dialog by touching the single function double function or graph button Touch the Measure tab then touch the Web Edit button if you want to dedicate a parameter location P1 to Px for web processing The parameter location you choose will display Web Edit under the waveform display grid ...

Страница 408: ... you are using channel inputs touch the arrow of a channel input icon Then drag a line from the channel to the input of the math function icon If your math function is a dual input function such as ratio select a second input and drag another line to the second math input If you are using a memory location M1 to M4 as an input drag a line to the math function in the same way as for channel inputs ...

Страница 409: ...preview icon A thumbnail view of your signal will appear if the preview icon is connected to a channel output or math function output If it is connected to a parameter output a numeric value of the last acquisition will be displayed Exiting the Web Editor To exit touch the Close tab or in the menu bar touch Display then Scope Display in the drop down menu The scope display will return to the norma...

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