
3-10
ES User’s Guide
Making Measurements
Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer
NOTE
When making any type of S-parameter measurement with a two-port
calibration, the analyzer takes both a forward and a reverse sweep while
collecting data.
S
11
and S
21
are determined by measuring the magnitude and phase of
the incident, reflected, and transmitted signals when the output is
terminated in a perfect Z
0
(a load that equals the characteristic
impedance of the test system). This condition guarantees that a
2
is zero.
S
11
is equivalent to the input complex reflection coefficient or impedance
of the DUT, and S
21
is the forward complex transmission coefficient.
Likewise, by placing the source at port 2 and terminating port 1 in a
perfect load (making a
1
zero), S
22
and S
12
measurements can be made.
S
22
is equivalent to the output complex reflection coefficient or output
impedance of the DUT, and S
12
is the reverse complex transmission
coefficient.
The accuracy of S-parameter measurements depends greatly on how
good a termination we apply to the port not being stimulated. Anything
other than a perfect load will result in a
1
or a
2
not being zero (which
violates the definition for S-parameters). When the DUT is connected to
the test ports of a network analyzer and you don’t account for imperfect
test port match, you haven’t satisfied the condition of a perfect
termination. For this reason, two-port error correction, which corrects for
source and load match, is very important for accurate S-parameter
measurements (two-port correction is covered in more detail in
Содержание HP 8712ES
Страница 8: ...viii ES User s Guide ...
Страница 17: ...ES User s Guide 1 1 1 Installing the Analyzer ...
Страница 34: ...1 18 ES User s Guide Installing the Analyzer Preventive Maintenance ...
Страница 35: ...ES User s Guide 2 1 2 Getting Started ...
Страница 52: ...2 18 ES User s Guide Getting Started Performing the Operator s Check ...
Страница 53: ...ES User s Guide 3 1 3 Making Measurements ...
Страница 58: ...3 6 ES User s Guide Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Figure 3 3 Block Diagram ...
Страница 135: ...ES User s Guide 4 1 4 Using Instrument Functions ...
Страница 146: ...4 12 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 6 6 dB Bandwidth Marker Search ...
Страница 151: ...ES User s Guide 4 17 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 11 Multi Notch Search Mode ...
Страница 153: ...ES User s Guide 4 19 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 12 Marker Statistics Function ...
Страница 155: ...ES User s Guide 4 21 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 13 Marker Flatness Function ...
Страница 157: ...ES User s Guide 4 23 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 14 RF Filter Statistics Function ...
Страница 159: ...ES User s Guide 4 25 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4 15 Delta Marker Mode ...
Страница 165: ...ES User s Guide 4 31 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Figure 4 16 Limit Lines ...
Страница 183: ...ES User s Guide 4 49 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4 22 The Display Annotation ...
Страница 187: ...ES User s Guide 4 53 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4 23 Normal Display ...
Страница 188: ...4 54 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4 24 Expanded Display ...
Страница 224: ...4 90 ES User s Guide Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor ...
Страница 225: ...ES User s Guide 5 1 5 Optimizing Measurements ...
Страница 246: ...5 22 ES User s Guide Optimizing Measurements Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay ...
Страница 247: ...ES User s Guide 6 1 6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy ...
Страница 281: ...ES User s Guide 7 1 7 Front Rear Panel ...
Страница 283: ...ES User s Guide 7 3 Front Rear Panel Connectors Connectors Figure 7 1 Analyzer Connectors Front Panel ...
Страница 303: ...ES User s Guide 7 23 Front Rear Panel Line Module Figure 7 11 Power Cable and Line Mains Plug Part Numbers ...
Страница 306: ...7 26 ES User s Guide Front Rear Panel Line Module ...
Страница 307: ...ES User s Guide 8 1 8 Hardkey Softkey Reference ...
Страница 410: ...8 104 ES User s Guide Hardkey Softkey Reference Z ...
Страница 411: ...ES User s Guide 9 1 9 Specifications ...
Страница 469: ...ES User s Guide 10 1 10 Safety and Regulatory Information ...
Страница 475: ...ES User s Guide 10 7 Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information ...
Страница 476: ...10 8 ES User s Guide Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information ...
Страница 477: ...ES User s Guide 11 1 11 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation ...