Bas
i
c app
li
cat
i
on
3 5
4.2 M
a
i
n Cont
ac
to
r
op
e
r
a
t
i
on
The contro
l
of the ma
i
n contactor
i
s very
i
mportant. Incorrect
i
mp
l
ement
i
on
i
s the ma
i
n cause of fa
il
ures.
See a
l
so 6.5 C H A N GE P A RA ME TERS / ST OP M O DE RA MP and 6.5.1. 1 B
Th
e
e
ss
e
nt
i
a
l
e
l
e
m
e
nts of
c
ont
r
o
lli
ng th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
a
r
e
a
s fo
ll
ows.
1
)
I
t must b
e
poss
i
b
l
e
to
r
e
l
ea
s
e
th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
w
i
thout
r
e
l
y
i
ng on
e
l
ec
t
r
on
i
c
s.
2
)
Th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
must not b
r
eak
c
u
rr
e
nt. To ob
e
y th
i
s
r
u
l
e
th
e
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
a
pp
li
e
s:-
a
)
Th
e
PL
/X must not
a
tt
e
mpt to d
e
li
v
e
r
a
r
m
a
tu
r
e
c
u
rr
e
nt unt
il
a
ft
e
r
th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
h
a
s
c
l
os
e
d.
b
)
Th
e
a
r
m
a
tu
r
e
c
u
rr
e
nt must b
e
b
r
ought to z
e
r
o b
e
fo
r
e
th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
h
a
s op
e
n
e
d.
3
)
Th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
c
ont
r
o
l
c
ir
c
u
i
t must b
e
c
omp
a
t
i
b
l
e
w
i
th
a
ll
li
ke
l
y
a
pp
li
ca
t
i
on
r
e
qu
ir
e
m
e
nts.
Th
e
PL
/X h
a
s b
ee
n d
e
s
i
gn
e
d to
c
ont
r
o
l
a
ll
of th
e
a
bov
e
r
e
qu
ir
e
m
e
nts
i
n th
e
us
e
of th
e
m
a
i
n
c
ont
ac
to
r
.
The purpose of the ma
i
n contactor
i
s to prov
i
de mechan
i
ca
l
i
so
l
at
i
on of the motor armature from the po w er
supp
l
y. In the event of an emergency
i
t must be poss
i
b
l
e for the supp
l
y to be removed e
l
ectromechan
i
ca
ll
y
(w
i
thout the a
i
d of sem
i
conductor e
l
ectron
i
cs). Th
i
s requ
i
rement
i
s usua
ll
y mandated by safety codes.
Under norma
l
operat
i
on the contactor
i
s contro
ll
ed by the PL/X accord
i
ng to the programmed requ
i
rements of
the user. See 6.5 C H A N GE PAR A METERS / ST OP M O DE RA MP. The C ST OP (coast stop) term
i
na
l
T 3 4 goes
d
i
rect
l
y to the 2 4 V co
il
of the
i
nterna
l
contactor contro
l
re
l
ay. (Re
l
ay contact
i
s on T 4 5 and T 4 6). If th
i
s
term
i
na
l
i
s prov
i
ded w
i
th 2 4 V then the re
l
ay (and hence the ma
i
n contactor)
i
s ready to be contro
ll
ed by the
PL/X . If the C ST OP term
i
na
l
i
s opened then the re
l
ay w
ill
e
i
ther not energ
i
se, or de-energ
i
se and re
l
ease the
ma
i
n contactor. There
i
s a capac
i
tor across the re
l
ay co
il
w h
i
ch causes
i
t to have a def
i
ned drop out t
i
me of
approx. 1 0 0mS. Th
i
s ensures that the PL/X has t
i
me to commutate the armature current to zero before the
contacts open.
I
t m
a
y b
e
n
ece
ss
a
r
y fo
r
i
nst
a
ll
a
t
i
ons to h
a
v
e
ov
e
r
-
ri
d
i
ng
e
xt
e
r
n
a
l
i
nd
e
p
e
nd
e
nt
syst
e
ms fo
r
d
e
-
e
n
e
r
g
i
s
i
ng th
e
m
a
i
n
c
ont
ac
to
r
.
I
n th
i
s
ca
s
e
i
t
i
s
r
ec
omm
e
nd
e
d th
a
t
th
e
CSTO
P
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
l
b
e
op
e
n
e
d 100mS
i
n
a
dv
a
n
ce
of th
e
m
a
i
n
c
ont
ac
ts op
e
n
i
ng.
F
a
il
u
r
e
to
ac
h
i
e
v
e
th
i
s m
a
y
r
e
su
l
t
i
n d
a
m
a
g
e
to th
e
un
i
t.
Not
e
.
I
f th
e
us
e
r
s m
a
i
n
c
ont
ac
to
r
h
a
s
a
c
l
os
i
ng t
i
m
e
d
e
l
a
y of g
r
ea
t
e
r
th
a
n 75mS,
th
e
n
i
t
i
s
e
ss
e
nt
i
a
l
th
a
t st
e
ps
a
r
e
t
ake
n to d
e
l
a
y th
e
r
e
l
ea
s
e
of
a
r
m
a
tu
r
e
c
u
rr
e
nt unt
il
th
e
m
a
i
n
c
ont
ac
t h
a
s
c
l
os
e
d.
1
)
I
ns
e
r
t
a
n
a
ux
ili
a
r
y no
r
m
a
ll
y op
e
n
c
ont
ac
t on th
e
m
a
i
n
c
ont
ac
to
r
i
n s
e
ri
e
s w
i
th th
e
R
UN
i
nput on T31.
2
)
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
l
y us
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
w
iri
ng m
e
thod shown
i
n 4.3.2.
Cont
ac
to
r
c
o
il
s usu
a
ll
y h
a
v
e
a
h
i
gh
i
ndu
c
t
a
n
ce
. Wh
e
n th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
i
s d
e
-
e
n
e
r
g
i
s
e
d
i
t
ca
n p
r
odu
ce
h
i
gh
e
n
e
r
gy
a
r
c
i
ng on th
e
i
nt
e
r
n
a
l
PL
/X
c
ont
r
o
l
r
e
l
a
y. Th
i
s m
a
y d
e
g
r
a
d
e
th
e
li
f
e
of th
e
r
e
l
a
y
a
nd/o
r
p
r
odu
ce
e
x
ce
ss
i
v
e
EMC
e
m
i
ss
i
ons. Ensu
r
e
th
a
t th
e
c
ont
ac
to
r
c
o
il
i
s snubb
e
r
e
d.
4.2.1 Contactor contro
l
quest
i
ons and ans w ers
Qu
e
st
i
on
. W hy
i
s
i
t so
i
mportant to prevent the contactor 1) Break
i
ng current or 2) Mak
i
ng current?
Answ
e
r
. 1) Break
i
ng current. The motor armature
i
s an
i
nduct
i
ve
l
oad. Th
i
s he
l
ps to smooth the current by
stor
i
ng e
l
ectr
i
ca
l
energy dur
i
ng a charg
i
ng per
i
od and re
l
eas
i
ng
i
t dur
i
ng a d
i
scharg
i
ng per
i
od. Ho w ever
i
f the
c
i
rcu
i
t
i
s sudden
l
y broken then the stored energy has no w here to go. Th
i
s resu
l
ts
i
n a rap
i
d r
i
se
i
n vo
l
tage as
the
i
nductor (motor armature) seeks to f
i
nd a d
i
scharge path. Th
i
s rap
i
d trans
i
ent may cause thyr
i
stors
i
n the
armature br
i
dge to ava
l
anche on and become conduct
i
ve. If th
i
s happens to a pa
i
r of thyr
i
stors then an
effect
i
ve short c
i
rcu
i
t may be formed across the armature. Then a second effect occurs. If the motor
i
s
rotat
i
ng and
i
s sudden
l
y shorted then the mechan
i
ca
l
energy stored
i
n the rotat
i
on of the motor and
l
oad
i
s
then generated
i
nto the short c
i
rcu
i
t. Th
i
s cou
l
d be a destruct
i
ve amount of energy. The thyr
i
stors then
become permanent
l
y shorted, and the next t
i
me that the contactor c
l
oses, the supp
l
y fuses w
ill
b
l
o w .
So
l
ut
i
on.
A
l
w ays
l
et the PL/X contro
l
the contactor. It has been des
i
gned to ho
l
d the contactor
i
n w h
il
e
i
t safe
l
y
quenches the armature current. Use the C ST OP for emergency open
i
ng of the contactor v
i
a the PL/ X . Th
i
s
term
i
na
l
i
s e
l
ectromechan
i
ca
l
but a
l
so
l
ets the PL/X quench the current
i
n t
i
me. If safety codes prevent the
PL/X from be
i
ng used
i
n the emergency stop sequence, ensure that the C ST OP
i
s opened 1 0 0mS pr
i
or to the
ma
i
n contactor open
i
ng.
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