Hameg HM 407A Manual Download Page 31

31

Subject to change without notice

Of course, the magnification is not restricted to a factor 50 as
mentioned in the example. The limit is given by the increasing
loss of trace intensity as the magnification is increased.

The manipulation of time delay requires a certain experience,
especially with  complicated signal combinations which are
difficult to display. The recording of signal sections of simple
signals  is, in contrast, from the beginning fairly easy. The time
delayed display  is also possible in the dual  channel, addition
and  difference modes.

Attention:
The display may be in chopped DUAL mode with
DELAY operation in dual channel mode (DUAL). This is
the case when in SEARCH, a time base between 500ms/
div and  500µs/div is set, which automatically switches
in chopped DUAL mode.

The chopped DUAL mode is effective even if
subsequently the time base is switched to between
0,2ms/cm and 50ns in triggered or untriggered DELAY
operation. With highly expanded displays the channel
switching will be visible during a sweep (alternately
switching between channels  I and II). One can then
switch to alternate DUAL mode. A renewed change in
the time base setting will again result in chopped
display but this can be overcome again.

AUTO SET

The instrument specific information regarding this function is
part of the section “Controls and Readout” paragraph

 AUTO

SET (2)

. The following description is relevant for analog and

digital operation. In digital operation 

AUTO SET

 automatically

selects 

REFRESH

 signal capture if 

ROLL

 or 

SINGLE

 mode is

active. The signal to be displayed must meet the amplitude and
frequency requirements of automatic triggering, to enable a
useful automatic instrument setting.

As also mentioned above all controls are electronically selected
with the exception of the

 POWER 

and calibrator frequency

(

CAL 1kHz/1MHz

) pushbuttons as well as the FOCUS and TR

(trace rotation) control. Thus automatic signal related instrument
set up in Yt (time base) mode is possible. In most cases no
additional manual instrument setting is required.

Briefly pressing the

 AUTO SET 

pushbutton causes the

instrument to switch over to the last Yt mode settings
regarding

 CH I

,

 CH II 

and

 DUAL

. If the instrument was

operated in Yt mode, the actual setting will not be affected
with the exception of

 ADD 

mode which will be switched off.

At the same time the attenuator(s)

 (VOLTS/DIV) 

are

automatically set for a signal display height of approx. 6 div in
mono channel mode or if in

 DUAL 

mode for approx. 4 div

height for each channel. This and the following explanation
regarding the automatic time coefficient setting assumes that
the pulse duty factor of the input signal is approx. 1:1.

The time deflection coefficient is also set automatically for a
display of approx. 2 signal periods. The time base setting
occurs randomly if complex signals consisting several
frequencies e.g. video signals are present.

AUTO SET 

sets the instrument automatically to the following

operating conditions:

• The input coupling is not affected while

 AC 

or 

DC 

is used,

but if

 GD 

was selected the last used input coupling (

AC 

or

DC

) will be chosen.

• Internal triggering (channel I or channel II)
• Automatic peak (value) triggering

• Trigger level in electrical midrange position
• Y deflection coefficient(s) calibrated between 5mV/div and

20V/div

• A time base (deflection coefficient calibrated)

SEARCH 

and

 DELAY 

time base mode switched off

• AC trigger coupling (

DC 

trigger coupling unchanged)

• X x10 magnifier switched off
• Automatic X and Y position settings
• Trace and readout visible.

If

 CURSOR 

measurement is active,

 AUTO SET 

causes addi-

tional automatic settings. The restrictions already mentioned
must be taken into account:

Analog mode in combination with 

∆∆∆∆∆

V

• automatic

 CURSOR 

supported voltage measurement.

• automatic assignment of the

 CURSOR 

lines to the signal,

which is used for triggering when

 DUAL 

mode is active.

Note
If no signal is applied or the trigger conditions can not be
met, the CURSOR line positions do not change.
The positioning accuracy depends on the signal frequency.

Digital mode in combination with
all CURSOR measurement modes

• automatic

 CURSOR 

supported voltage, time and frequency

measurement

• automatic assignment of the

 CURSOR 

lines to the signal,

which is used for triggering when

 DUAL 

mode is active.

Note
If no signal is applied or the trigger conditions can not
be met, the CURSOR line positions do not change.

Attention!
If a signal is applied with a pulse duty factor of ap-
prox. 400:1 or larger, an automatic signal display can
not be performed. The pulse duty factor causes too
low a Y deflection coefficient (sensitivity too high)
and too high a time deflection coefficient (time base
speed to slow) and results in a display in which only
the baseline is visible.

In such cases it is recommended to select normal triggering
and to set the trigger point approx. 0.5div above or below the
trace. If under one of these conditions the trigger indicator
LED is lit, this indicates the presence of a signal. Then both the
time coefficient and Y deflection coefficient should be reduced.
Please note that a reduction in intensity may occur, which could
result in a blank screen when the physical limits are reached.

STORAGE MODE ONLY

In contrast to analog mode, intensity reduction does not occur.
But it must be noted that pulses of less than 20ns width are
displayed with too small amplitude. This is because of too
few samples per pulse, as in 100MS/s condition (10ns
sampling interval) only 4 samples are taken.

Save/Recall

The instrument specific information regarding the controls and
their use are part of item

 (12) 

in section “Controls and

readout”.

The instrument contains a non volatile memory which can be
used by the operator to save 9 different instrument settings
and to recall them. This relates to all settings with the
exception of

 FOCUS

,

 TR 

(trace rotation) and the calibrator

frequency pushbutton.

Auto Set - Save/Recall

Summary of Contents for HM 407A

Page 1: ...in analog mode 29 Auto Set 31 Save Recall 31 Component Tester analog mode 31 General 31 Using the Component Tester 32 Test Procedure 32 Test Pattern Displays 32 Testing Resistors 32 Testing Capacitors...

Page 2: ...mity test made by HAMEG is based on the actual generic and product standards In cases where different limit values are applicable HAMEG applies the severer standard For emission the limits for residen...

Page 3: ...100MHz 0 5div Normal DC 100MHz LED for trigger indication Slope positive or negative Sources CH I or II line ext CH I alternate CH II 0 8div Coupling AC 10Hz 100MHz DC 0 100MHz HF 50kHz 100MHz LF 0 1...

Page 4: ...protective earth contact The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective conductor Themains lineplugmustbeinsertedbeforeconnections are made to measuring...

Page 5: ...is stated for possible queries this helps towards speeding up the processing of guarantee claims Maintenance Various important properties of the oscilloscope should be carefully checked at certain int...

Page 6: ...he readout with the symbol for DC and the symbol for AC coupling Amplitude Measurements In general electrical engineering alternating voltage data normally refers to effective values rms root mean squ...

Page 7: ...ore the measurement It can lie below or above the horizon tal central line according to whether positive and or negative deviations from the ground potential are to be measured Total value of input vo...

Page 8: ...has little meaning For amplifiers with approximately constant group delay therefore good pulse transmission performance the following numerical relationship between rise time tr in ns and bandwidth B...

Page 9: ...tective conductor connections caused by external equipment connected to the mains line e g signal generators with interference protection capacitors Controls and readout The following description assu...

Page 10: ...a pre or post trigger value PT is not indicated by the readout Pressing and holding the STOR ON button switches over to the digital mode but without changing the channel operating mode CH I CH II DUAL...

Page 11: ...and back to PT0 The values refer to the X axis graticule of the screen display 10 1div The following description assumes that the X magnifier x10 is inactive and the signal display starts on the left...

Page 12: ...V In this case also several signal acquisition scans are required hence it is similar to Refresh operation The signal is averaged over the several acquisitions so that amplitude variations e g noise a...

Page 13: ...r pretrigger and post trigger settings the signal acquisition is not complete when the trigger occurs and will only be terminated later After termination the RES LED extinguishes but the signal displa...

Page 14: ...nob In ADD addition mode both Y POS I and Y POS II control knobs are active If the instrument is set to analog XY mode this control knob is inactive and the X POS knob must be used for a horizontal po...

Page 15: ...trigger point setting voltage The trigger unit starts the time base when the edge of a trigger signal crosses the trigger point In most Yt modes the trigger point is displayed in the readout by the s...

Page 16: ...nged All controls related to both channels are active if the inputs 31 and 35 are not set to GD 33 37 Whether alternated or chopped channel switching is present depends on the actual time base setting...

Page 17: ...ing in DUAL mode Under these conditions both TRIG CH I and CH II LEDs are lit As alternate triggering requires alternate channel operation alternate channel switching is set automatically A change of...

Page 18: ...of the trace can be set with the DEL POS control in the time base modes SEA SEARCH or DEL DELAY See SEA DEL ON OFF 29 STORAGE MODE ONLY The DEL POS control and the HO LED are disabled since in this m...

Page 19: ...eviously active settings Automatic normal triggering 15 trigger LEVEL 17 trigger slope 15 and trigger coupling 26 will be stored The instrument will be automatically switched to normal triggering NM a...

Page 20: ...as an earth ground symbol instead of the deflection coefficient and the AC or DC symbol The GD setting disables the input signal the AC DC 36 pushbutton and the VOLTS DIV 24 knob In automatic trigger...

Page 21: ...In this mode two signals are normally applied causing an X and a Y deflection The deflection coefficient selected for each channel may be different thus as in DUAL mode the V cursor measurement requi...

Page 22: ...ent the cursor moves fast 44 CAL Pushbutton and concentric socket A squarewave signal of 0 2Vpp 1 is available from the socket for probe adjustment purposes The signal frequency depends on the pushbut...

Page 23: ...eady for use If the AUTO SET function was not used and only a spot appears CAUTION CRT phosphor can be damaged reduce the intensity immediately and check that the XY mode is not selected XY not displa...

Page 24: ...displayed on the CRT screen should have the same value as during the 1kHz adjustment Probes other than those mentioned above normally have a larger tip diameter and may not fit into the calibrator out...

Page 25: ...n the result The following must be noted here Becauseoftheperiodicnatureofthetrigonometricfunctions the calculation should be limited to angles 90 However here is the advantage of the method Due to ph...

Page 26: ...g signal AC voltage are displayable in Yt mode In this mode the signal voltage deflects the beam in vertical direction Y while the time base generator moves the beam from the left to the right of the...

Page 27: ...e previous slope setting for the undelayed time base trigger is stored and still active For further information please note Controls and readout The time base generator can be triggered by a rising or...

Page 28: ...lit 26 The trigger point symbol is inactive in line mains trigger mode as there is no direct amplitude relationship between the trigger voltage and the signal voltage A voltage originating from mains...

Page 29: ...sweep periods approx up to the ratio 10 1 Pulses or other signal waveforms appearing during this off period cannot trigger the time base Particularly with burst signals or aperiodic pulse trains of t...

Page 30: ...tion coefficient must be increased with TIME DIV knob A larger deflection coefficient than in the SEARCH mode cannot be set Example The SEARCH setting selected in figure 2 is 5ms cm The display in DEL...

Page 31: ...veral frequencies e g video signals are present AUTO SET sets the instrument automatically to the following operating conditions The input coupling is not affected while AC or DC is used but if GD was...

Page 32: ...e will tend towards the horizontal axis and with low values the slope will move towards the vertical axis Values of resistance from 20 to 4 7k can be approximately evaluated The determination of actua...

Page 33: ...n circuit tests are possible in many cases However they are not well defined This is caused by a shunt connection of real or complex impedances especially if they are of relatively low impedance at 50...

Page 34: ...rizontal center graticule line by using the Y POS control Then the trigger point symbol may be set 2 division above the 0 Volt position using the LEVEL control If the deflection coefficient is set to...

Page 35: ...commended to switch on the instrument for about 20 minutes prior to the commencement of any check Cathode Ray Tube Brightness and Focus Linearity Raster Distortion Normally the CRT of the instrument h...

Page 36: ...regular intervals the deflection coefficients on all positions of the input attenuators and readjust them as necessary A compensated 2 1 series attenuator is also necessary and this must be matched t...

Page 37: ...For precise determination set the peak of the first marker or cycle peak exactly behind the first vertical graticule line using the X POS control Deviation tendencies can be noted after some of the m...

Page 38: ...ariable resistor 100k located on the CRT PCB is used for this adjustment procedure It may only be touched by a properlyinsulatingscrewdriver Caution Highvoltage Correct adjustment is achieved when the...

Page 39: ...a high level reference potential is not permitted and endangers operator oscilloscope interface and peripheral devices In case of disregard of the safety warnings contained in this manual HAMEG refuse...

Page 40: ...40 Subject to change without notice Front Panel HM407...

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