Arcteq AQ-F255 Instruction Manual Download

Page: 173 / 369

As an example of the k

(service factor, current carrying capacity) factor importance let’s calculate

cable installation with correct k factor and without setting it to correct value.

Initial data for the set-up of the thermal image:

AQ-F255

Instruction manual

Version: 2.00

172

Summary of Contents for AQ-F255

Page 1: ...AQ F255 Feeder protection IED Instruction manual ...

Page 2: ...nt unbalance I2 46 5 4 8 Harmonic overcurrent Ih 50H 51H 68H 5 4 9 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF 5 4 10 Restricted earth fault cable end differential REF I0D 87N 5 4 11 Overvoltage U 59 5 4 12 Undervoltage U 27 5 4 13 Neutral voltage U0 59N 5 4 14 Sequence voltage U1 U2 59P 27P 47 5 4 15 Over and underfrequency f 81O 81U 5 4 16 Rate of change of frequency protection df dt 81R 5 4 17...

Page 3: ...2 CPU IO and Power supply module 8 3 Current measurement module 8 4 Voltage measurement module 8 5 Binary input module DI8 option 8 6 Binary output module DO5 option 8 7 Arc protection module option 8 8 RTD mA input module option 8 9 Serial RS232 communication module option 8 10 LC100 Ethernet communication module option 8 11 mAout mAinput module option 8 12 Installation dimensioning 9 Technical d...

Page 4: ...te of change frequency 81R df dt 9 2 1 16 Line thermal overload 49L TF 9 2 1 17 Over Under Reverse power protection 32 37 P P PREV 9 2 1 18 Resistance temperature detector alarm 49RTD T 9 2 1 19 Vector jump 78 ΔΑ 9 2 1 20 Arc protection 50ARC 50NARC IARC I0ARC option 9 2 2 Control functions 9 2 2 1 Setting group selection 9 2 2 2 Object control OBJ 9 2 2 3 Autoreclosing function 79 0 1 9 2 2 4 Col...

Page 5: ...extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not ful l the aforementioned requirements Furthermore the manufacturer shall not be liable for possible errors in this document Please note ...

Page 7: ... Date 9 2 2017 Changes Order code upgraded Programmable stage description added Revision 1 02 Date 20 12 2017 Changes Measurement value recorder description ZCT connection added to current measurement description Internal harmonics blocking to I I0 Idir I0dir function descriptions Non standard delay curves added Event lists revised on several functions RTD mA card description improvements Auto rec...

Page 8: ...ardware IED Intelligent electronic device IO Input output LED Light emitting diode LV Low voltage MV Medium voltage NC Normally closed NO Normally open RMS Root mean square SF System failure TMS Time multiplier setting TRMS True root mean square VAC Voltage alternating current VDC Voltage direct current SW Software uP Microprocessor AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 7 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 9: ...ept The hardware modules are assembled and con gured according to the application IO requirements and the software determines the available functions This manual describes the speci c application of the AQ F255 Feeder Protection IED For other AQ 200 series products please consult corresponding device manuals AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 8 ...

Page 10: ...ture 4 default LEDs for free con guration Power Error Start and Trip 16 freely con gurable LEDs with programmable legend texts 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with Ctrl button control breaker with 0 and I push buttons L R push button for local remote control 7 Navigation buttons for IED local programming and a button for password activation 12 freely con gurable function bu...

Page 11: ...ng return key while the lock is selected If you need to change the password you can select the key icon again and give a new password Please note that in order to do this the user level must be unlocked The required access level required to change a parameter is indicated with star symbol if such is required As a general rule the access levels are divided as follows User Can view any menus and set...

Page 12: ...e sequence overcurrent phase current reversal unbalance protection 4 stages HOC1 HOC2 HOC3 HOC4 Ih Ih Ih Ih 50h 51h 68h Detection and blocking or tripping from selectable 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17th 19th harmonic Phase currents and residual currents separate stages 4 stages CBF1 CBFP 50BF 52BF Breaker failure protection REF1 I0d 87N Low or high impedance restricted earth fault cabl...

Page 13: ...oring functions of AQ F255 Name IEC ANSI Description CTS Current transformer supervision VTS 60 Fuse failure DR Disturbance recorder CBW Circuit breaker wear monitor THD Total harmonic distortion FLOC 21FL Fault locator VREC Measurement value recorder 5 2 Measurements 5 2 1 Current measurement and scaling Current measurement module CT module is used for measuring the currents from current transfor...

Page 14: ...al This is not absolutely mandatory in some relays it is still needed to calculate correct settings manually Setting the relay nominal current makes the motor protection a lot easier and straight forward In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the current transformer primary secondary and motor nominal currents are given Normally the primary current ratings f...

Page 15: ...CT primary 10A I0CT secondary 1A Load nominal 36A Phase currents are connected to summing Holmgren connection into the I01 residual input Phase current CT secondary currents starpoint is towards the line For the scaling of the currents to per unit values for the protections selection needs to be made now if the protected object nominal current or the CT primary value should be the base for per uni...

Page 16: ...hould be 1 since the selected nominal current is the phase CT nominal Per unit scaling factors to primary and secondary values are also shown In this case the scaling factors are directly the set primary and secondary currents of the set CT If the settings would be wanted to be scaled to load nominal then the selection Scale meas to In would be set to Object In p u Figure 5 2 1 5 Phase current tra...

Page 17: ...alculated accordingly to the given ratio of CT primary to object nominal current If coarse residual current I01 is wanted to be used for CT sum Holmgren input then it should be set to phase current CT ratings 100 5A Figure 5 2 1 6 Residual current I01 scaling to summing connection For the sensitive residual current I02 measurement is set directly 10 1A rated currents Figure 5 2 1 7 Residual curren...

Page 18: ...in the relay is scaled to either transformer nominal or the protected object nominal and this makes the settings input for the protected object straight forward ZCT scaling example Figure 5 2 1 10 If zero sequence current transformer is used it should be connected to I02 channel which has lower CT scaling ranges Figure 5 2 1 11 Setting example of zero sequence current transformer application AQ F2...

Page 19: ...ured current amplitude does not match for one measured phase or calculated I0 is measured when there should not be any Check wiring connections from injection device or CTs to the IED NOTE If working with CTs which are in energized system extreme caution should be practiced when checking connections Opened CT secondary circuit may generate dangerously high voltages Buzzing sound from connector can...

Page 20: ...ct Phase currents IL1 1 00 xIn 0 00 deg IL2 1 00 xIn 60 00 deg IL3 1 00 xIn 120 00 deg Sequence currents I1 0 33 xIn 0 00 deg I2 0 67 xIn 60 00 deg I0Calc 0 67 xIn 60 00 deg Resolution Change wires to opposite in CT module connectors 3 4 Or from the Transformers Phase CT scaling select IL2 polarity to Invert Phase L3 C polarity incorrect Phase currents IL1 1 00 xIn 0 00 deg IL2 1 00 xIn 240 00 deg...

Page 21: ...0Calc 0 00 xIn 0 00 deg Resolution Change wires to opposite in CT module connectors 1 3 Phase L2 B and L3 C switch place network rotation wrong Phase currents IL1 1 00 xIn 0 00 deg IL2 1 00 xIn 120 00 deg IL3 1 00 xIn 240 00 deg Sequence currents I1 0 00 xIn 0 00 deg I2 1 00 xIn 0 00 deg I0Calc 0 00 xIn 0 00 deg Resolution Change wires to opposite in CT module connectors 3 5 Phase L3 C and L1 A sw...

Page 22: ...ction selection Default setting is that positive current flow is from connector 5 to connector 6 and the secondary currents starpoint is towards line CT scaling factor P S IED feedback value this is the calculated scaling factor for primary secondary current ratio CT scaling factor NOM IED feedback value this is the calculated ratio in between of set primary and nominal currents Ipu scaling primar...

Page 23: ...current Phase current ILx TRMS pri 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Primary measurement from each current channel TRMS current including harmonics up to 31st Table 5 2 1 12 Secondary phase current measurements Name Range Step Description Secondary Phase current ILx 0 00 300 0A 0 01A Secondary measurement from each phase current channel fundamental frequency RMS current Phase current ILx TRMS sec 0 00 300 0A ...

Page 24: ...al current channel I01 fundamental frequency RMS current Secondary residual current I02 0 00 300 0A 0 01A Secondary measurement from residual current channel I02 fundamental frequency RMS current Secondary calculated I0 0 00 300 0A 0 01A Secondary measurement from calculated I0 fundamental frequency RMS current Residual current I01 TRMS sec 0 00 300 0A 0 01A Secondary measurement from residual cur...

Page 25: ...eg Calculated negative sequence current angle Zero sequence current angle 0 00 360 0deg 0 01deg Calculated zero sequence current angle Table 5 2 1 22 Harmonic current measurements Name Range Step Description IL1 Harmonics IL1 fund IL1 31harm 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for current input IL1 IL2 Harmonics IL2 fund IL2 31harm 0 00 1000000 0A 0 01A Per...

Page 26: ...ge Step Description ILx Resistive Current Pri 100000 00 100000 00A 0 01A Primary measurement from each phase current channel resistive current component ILx Reactive Current Pri 100000 00 100000 00A 0 01A Primary measurement from each phase current channel reactive current component Pos Seq Resistive Current Pri 100000 00 100000 00A 0 01A Primary measurement from each phase current channel resisti...

Page 27: ...is important to make sure that the measurement signals are connected to correct inputs and direction of voltages are connected right and the scaling is set correctly Relay calculates scaling factors based on the set VT primary and secondary voltage values Relay measures secondary voltages which in this case mean the voltage outputs from the voltage transformer that is installed into the primary ci...

Page 28: ...nnected similar way with Line to neutral voltages U0 In case of incorrect wiring all polarities can be switched individually by 180 degrees in IED If voltage based protection is used the supervised voltage may be based on line to line or line to earth voltages This selection is completed in each protection stage menu separately Voltage protection is based on nominal voltage If 20000V is set to be ...

Page 29: ...ering of voltage protection stage can be based on single dual or all three fault loops Fault loops are either line to line or line to neutral according the Measured magnitude setting Figure 5 2 2 16 Activation of one fault loop will trip the voltage protection stage as a default There are several different ways to use all four voltage channels Most common voltage measurement mode is the three from...

Page 30: ...ide 2 voltage measurement Synchro check In case 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected the third channel U3 can be used to similar purpose Be noticed that U0 can be measured only by using one channel Figure 5 2 2 18 Two line to line measurements with zero sequence voltage and voltage from side 2 for Synchro check 2LL U0 SS Line to neutral voltages can be calculated since U0 is available In the next gure is pr...

Page 31: ... voltage which has same ratio 20000 100 V Troubleshooting It is possible that for some reason the measured voltages may not be as expected For these cases following checks may be helpful Problem Check Resolution Measured voltage amplitude in all phases does not match for what is injected Scaling settings or voltage measurement mode may be wrong check from Measurement Transformers VT Module that th...

Page 32: ...U4 mode U0 or SS 0 NotUsed 1 U0 2 SS 0 NotUsed Voltage channel U3 can be used to measure zero sequence voltage U0 or Synchro check voltage SS In case these are not needed the default setting NotUsed should be active U0 U4 Measured from 0 Broken Delta 1 Neutral point 2 Open delta 0 Broken delta Connected U0 voltage De nes how secondary voltage is scaled to primary Does not affect to how protection ...

Page 33: ...nel U3 Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U3 scaling factor p u Pri IED voltage channel U3 feedback value scaling factor from p u value to primary voltage Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U3 scaling factor p u Sec IED voltage channel U3 feedback value scaling factor from p u value to secondary voltage Valid only in 2LL U3 U4 mode U4 VT scaling factor P S U0 SS IED feedback value this is the calculated scali...

Page 34: ...o seq Volt sec 0 00 4800 0V 0 01V Secondary measurement from calculated zero sequence voltage U0 Calc sec 0 00 4800 0V 0 01V Secondary measurement from calculated residual voltage Table 5 2 2 34 Sequence voltage angle measurements Name Range Step Description Pos seq Volt Angle 0 00 360 0deg 0 01deg Calculated positive sequence voltage angle Neg seq Volt Angle 0 00 360 0deg 0 01deg Calculated negat...

Page 35: ...ary measured Synchro check SS angle Table 5 2 2 37 Harmonic voltage measurements Name Range Step Description U1 Harmonics U1 fund U1 31harm 0 00 100000 0V 0 01V Selectable per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for voltage input U1 U2 Harmonics U2 fund U2 31harm 0 00 100000 0V 0 01V Selectable per unit primary and secondary harmonics per component for voltage input U2 U3 Harmonics ...

Page 36: ...ree phase active power P calculation Where phi is the angle difference between voltage and current Below is presented formula for three phase reactive power Q calculation Active power direction can be to forward or reverse direction Active power direction can be indicated simply by using Cos φ Cosine phi is calculated according the following formula Direction of reactive power is divided in to fou...

Page 37: ...roubleshooting Check troubleshooting section in chapters Current measurement and scaling and Voltage measurement and scaling Faulty power and energy measurement is normally related to same issues wiring errors wrong voltage measurement mode faulty frequency settings etc Settings Table 5 2 3 38 Power and Energy meas settings Name Range Step Default Description EP meas 3ph 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Dis...

Page 38: ... calculator Goes back to state automatically after reset Table 5 2 3 39 Energy Dose Counter 1 settings Name Range Step Default Description Energy dose counter mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enable energy dose counters generally DC 1 4 enable 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enable energy dose counter 1 4 individually DC 1 4 Input signal select 0 3PH Fwd Act EP 1 3PH Rev Avt EP 2 3PH Fwd Eac...

Page 39: ...Phase L1 reactive power direction L1 PF 1x106 1x106 0 0001 Phase L1 power factor Table 5 2 3 43 Phase L2 power calculation Name Range Step Description L2 Apparent power S 1x106 1x106 kVA 0 01kVA Phase L2 apparent power L2 Active power P 1x106 1x106 kW 0 01kW Phase L2 active power L2 Reactive power Q 1x106 1x106 kVar 0 01kVar Phase L2 reactive power L2 Tan phi 1x106 1x106 0 0001 Phase L2 active pow...

Page 40: ...xp Imp React Ind E bal MVarh 999999995904 000 999999995904 000kVarh MVarh 0 01 kVarh MVarh Sum of imported and exported reactive inductive energy Table 5 2 3 46 Phase L1 energy calculation Name Range Step Description L1 Exp Active Energy Mwh 1x109 1x109 kWh MWh 0 01MWh Phase L1 exported active energy L1 Imp Active Energy Mwh 1x109 1x109 kWh MWh 0 01MWh Phase L1 imported active energy L1 Exp Imp Ac...

Page 41: ...kWh MWh Phase L3 exported active energy L3 Imp Active Energy Mwh 1x106 1x106 MWh 0 01 kWh MWh Phase L3 imported active energy L3 Exp Imp Act E balance Mwh 1x106 1x106 MWh 0 01 kWh MWh Sum of imported and exported phase L3 active energy L3 Exp React Cap E Mvarh 1x106 1x106 MVarh 0 01 kVarh MVarh Phase L3total exported reactive capacitive energy L3 Imp React Cap E Mvarh 1x106 1x106 MVarh 0 01 kVarh ...

Page 42: ...9 71 3PH P 17 32 L1 Q 2 89 L2 Q 3 94 L3 Q 1 06 3PH Q 0 01 L1 Tan 1 00 L2 Tan 0 83 L3 Tan 0 11 3PH Tan 0 00 L1 Cos 0 71 L2 Cos 0 77 L3 Cos 0 99 3PH Cos 0 87 Voltages Line to line Currents VA 100 00V 30 00 IL1 2 500V 0 00 VB 100 00V 90 00 IL2 2 500V 120 00 IL3 2 500V 120 00 AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 41 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 43: ...m 6 Hz to 75 Hz Measurement error with frequency tracking when frequency changes Constant current of 5A frequency sweep from 6 Hz to 75 Hz As can be seen in the gure above the sampling frequency has major effect to the measurement accuracy of the IED If the sampling is not tracked to the system frequency it can be seen that even a change from set 50Hz to measured system frequency 60Hz most common ...

Page 44: ...he measured currents may not be as expected For these cases following checks may be helpful Problem Check Resolution Measured current or voltage amplitude is too low compared to what it should be Values are jumping and are not stable Set system frequency may be wrong Check the set frequency and that it matches to your local system frequency or change the measurement mode to Tracking and the IED wi...

Page 45: ...ing mode is active and start behavior is Use nom or tracked Tracked F CHA 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel A tracked frequency rough value Tracked F CHB 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel B tracked frequency rough value Tracked F CHC 5 75 0Hz 0 1Hz Display of the channel C tracked frequency rough value 5 3 General menu General menu consists of basic settings and indications of the IED In a...

Page 46: ...ogic and matrix When reset command is given the parameter will return back to automatically 0 1 Reset 0 Measurement recorder Enables Measurement recorder tool Measurement recorder is con gured in Tools Misc Measurement recorder 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled MIMIC recon gure Reload the mimic to the unit 0 1 Recon gure 0 Table 5 3 52 General menu indications Name Description Serial number Unique s...

Page 47: ...igital environment with protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transferred to digital form Figure 5 4 1 21 Principle diagram of protection relay platform AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 46 ...

Page 48: ...constantly calculates the ratio between the user set pick up parameter and measured magnitude Im Reset ratio of 97 is inbuilt in the function and is always related to the Xset value If function pick up characteristics vary from this description it is de ned in the function part of the manual Figure 5 4 1 22 Pick up and reset characteristics of the function The pick up activation of the function is...

Page 49: ...l when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for trip signal and for the release of the func...

Page 50: ...ented in gure above Delay curve series IEC IEEE IEC Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Delay curve series for IDMT operation following either IEC or IEEE ANSI standard de ned characteristics Delay characteristics IEC NI EI VI LTI Param NI Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT IEC standard delay characteristics Normally Inverse Extremely In...

Page 51: ... to IDMT Constant A for IEC IEEE characteristics B 0 0000 5 0000 0 0001 0 1850 Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Constant B for IEC IEEE characteristics C 0 0000 250 0000 0 0001 0 0200 Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Constant C for IEEE characteristics Figure 5 4 1 25 Inverse operating time formulas for IEC and IEEE standards AQ F25...

Page 52: ...Figure 5 4 1 26 De nite time operating characteristics AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 51 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 53: ...Figure 5 4 1 27 IEC prede ned characteristics NI VI LTI and EI AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 52 ...

Page 54: ...Figure 5 4 1 28 IEEE ANSI prede ned characteristics EI LTI NI and VI AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 53 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 55: ...Figure 5 4 1 29 IEEE prede ned characteristics EI MI and VI AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 54 ...

Page 56: ... also have delay characteristics that deviate from the IEC or IEEE standards These functions are Overcurrent stages Residual overcurrent stages Directional overcurrent stages and Directional residual overcurrent stages The setting parameters and their ranges are documented in the function blocks respective chapters AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 55 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 57: ...ers if delayed pick up release is active Delayed Pick up release No Yes Yes Resetting characteristics selection either time delayed or instant after pick up element is released If activated the start signal is reset after set release time delay Time calc reset after release time No Yes Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after set...

Page 58: ...Figure 5 4 1 31 No delayed pick up release Figure 5 4 1 32 Delayed pick up release delay counter is reset at signal drop off AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 57 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 59: ...34 Delayed pick up release delay counter value is decreasing during the release time Resetting characteristics can be set according to the application Default setting is delayed with 60 ms and the time calculation is held during the release time AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 58 ...

Page 60: ...l operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Non directional overcurrent function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on instant or time delayed mode In time del...

Page 61: ...L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms Selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variat...

Page 62: ...ush harmonic blocking option which is applied by user set parameter If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation Table 5 4 2 59 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Description Range Step Default Inrush Harmonic Blocking Internal Only Trip 2nd harmonic blocking ena...

Page 63: ...s of the NOC function instances Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 1280 20 NOC1 0 Start ON 1281 20 NOC1 1 Start OFF 1282 20 NOC1 2 Trip ON 1283 20 NOC1 3 Trip OFF 1284 20 NOC1 4 Block ON 1285 20 NOC1 5 Block OFF 1286 20 NOC1 6 Phase A Start On 1287 20 NOC1 7 Phase A Start Off 1288 20 NOC1 8 Phase B Start On 1289 20 NOC1 9 Phase B Start Off 1290 20 NOC1 10 Phase C St...

Page 64: ... 9 Phase B Start Off 1418 22 NOC3 10 Phase C Start On 1419 22 NOC3 11 Phase C Start Off 1420 22 NOC3 12 Phase A Trip On 1421 22 NOC3 13 Phase A Trip Off 1422 22 NOC3 14 Phase B Trip On 1423 22 NOC3 15 Phase B Trip Off 1424 22 NOC3 16 Phase C Trip On 1425 22 NOC3 17 Phase C Trip Off 1472 23 NOC4 0 Start ON 1473 23 NOC4 1 Start OFF 1474 23 NOC4 2 Trip ON 1475 23 NOC4 3 Trip OFF 1476 23 NOC4 4 Block ...

Page 65: ...operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Non directional overcurrent function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on instant or time delayed mode In time delay...

Page 66: ...nt input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms I0Calc Fundamental RMS value of the calculated zero sequence current from the three phase currents 5 ms Selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations pre fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms of Start or T...

Page 67: ...tion proceeds to the time characteristics calculation Table 5 4 3 65 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Description Range Step Default Inrush Harmonic Blocking Internal Only Trip 2nd harmonic blocking enable disable 0 No 1 Yes No 2nd Harmonic Block Limit Iharm Ifund 2nd harmonic blocking limit 0 10 50 00 Ifund 0 01 Ifund 0 01 Ifund If blocking signal is active when pick up element act...

Page 68: ...730 27 NEF2 2 Trip ON 1731 27 NEF2 3 Trip OFF 1732 27 NEF2 4 Block ON 1733 27 NEF2 5 Block OFF 1792 28 NEF3 0 Start ON 1793 28 NEF3 1 Start OFF 1794 28 NEF3 2 Trip ON 1795 28 NEF3 3 Trip OFF 1796 28 NEF3 4 Block ON 1797 28 NEF3 5 Block OFF 1856 29 NEF4 0 Start ON 1857 29 NEF4 1 Start OFF 1858 29 NEF4 2 Trip ON 1859 29 NEF4 3 Trip OFF 1860 29 NEF4 4 Block ON 1861 29 NEF4 5 Block OFF In the register...

Page 69: ... For IDMT operation IEC and ANSI standard time delays are supported as well as custom parameters Function includes CT saturation checking which allows the function to start and operate accurately also in case of CT saturation condition The operational logic consists of input magnitude and angle processing input magnitude selection saturation check threshold comparator block signal check time delay...

Page 70: ...urement of phase L3 C current 5 ms IL1RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms U1RMS Fundamental RMS m...

Page 71: ... function Trip characteristic can be set to directional or non directional In non directional mode only positive sequence current magnitude pick up value must be ful lled for the function to trip In directional mode the fault must be in the monitored direction as well to ful ll the terms to trip By default tripping area is 88 176 and reference angle is based on calculated positive sequence voltage...

Page 72: ...function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation Table 5 4 4 72 Internal inrush harmonic blocking settings Name Description Range Step Default Inrush Harmonic Blocking Internal Only Trip 2nd harmonic blocking enable disable 0 No 1 Yes No 2nd Harmonic Block Limit Iharm Ifund 2nd harmonic blocking limit 0 10 50 00 Ifund 0 01 Ifund 0 01 Ifund If blocking signal is active when pick up element...

Page 73: ...ction instances 1 4 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 4800 75 DOC1 0 Start ON 4801 75 DOC1 1 Start OFF 4802 75 DOC1 2 Trip ON 4803 75 DOC1 3 Trip OFF 4804 75 DOC1 4 Block ON 4805 75 DOC1 5 Block OFF 4806 75 DOC1 6 No voltage Blocking On 4807 75 DOC1 7 Voltage measurable Blocking Off 4808 75 DOC1 8 Measuring live angle On 4809 75 DOC1 9 Measuring live angle Off 4810...

Page 74: ...e On 5001 78 DOC4 9 Measuring live angle Off 5002 78 DOC4 10 Using voltmem On 5003 78 DOC4 11 Using voltmem Off Register of the DOC function records start trip or blocked On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of DOC function register content This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided instances separately Table 5 4 4 74 Register content C...

Page 75: ...the function Directional earth fault function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can be operating on instant or time delayed mode In time delayed mode the operation can be switched to de nite time or IDMT mode For IDMT operation IEC and ANSI standard time delays are supported as well as custom parameters The operational logic c...

Page 76: ...dual current measurement input I01 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5 ms I01TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5 ms I02PP Peak to peak measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I02RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS...

Page 77: ...ence before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between Iset Uset and measured magnitudes Im Um Reset ratio of 97 is inbuilt in the function and is always related to the I0set value or U0set Im exceeding the I0set value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 5 77 Pick up characteristics settings Name Description Range Step Default I0set Pick up set...

Page 78: ...he outgoing feeders The bigger the network the greater the capacitive current during fault is Each outgoing feeder produces capacitance according the zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line ohms per kilometer It is normal that in cable networks fault currents are higher compared to overhead lines Resistance of the fault affects to the amount of voltage drop during the fault In direct earth ...

Page 79: ...compensated Network is over compensated when k factor is greater than one and under compensated if the factor is smaller than one Inductance connected to the star point of incoming transformer or like in most cases to grounding transformer compensates the capacitance of the network but due this the capacitive fault current cannot be measured anymore Fault detection is handled by connecting a resis...

Page 80: ...gorithms may sporadically detect an earth fault in a long healthy feeder due to CT errors For all these reasons Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault protections Figure 5 4 5 42 Angle tracking of DEF function Broadrange mode New broad range mode is capable of detecting earth fault directionally in both ungrounded and compensated networks not only...

Page 81: ...Description U0 Pick up setting V Required residual voltage on the primary side for the relay to trip Detected U0I0 angle Deg The angle in degrees between the monitored residual voltage and current I0 Magnitude xI0n Per unit value of the monitored residual current I0 Wattmetric I0xCos xI0n Wattmetric per unit value of the monitored residual current I0 Varmetric I0xSin xI0n Varmetric per unit value ...

Page 82: ...startup current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating ti...

Page 83: ...EF3 7 I0Cos Start Off 5320 83 DEF3 8 I0Sin Start On 5321 83 DEF3 9 I0Sin Start Off 5376 84 DEF4 0 Start ON 5377 84 DEF4 1 Start OFF 5378 84 DEF4 2 Trip ON 5379 84 DEF4 3 Trip OFF 5380 84 DEF4 4 Block ON 5381 84 DEF4 5 Block OFF 5382 84 DEF4 6 I0Cos Start On 5383 84 DEF4 7 I0Cos Start Off 5384 84 DEF4 8 I0Sin Start On 5385 84 DEF4 9 I0Sin Start Off In the register of the DEF function is recorded st...

Page 84: ...ed by intermittent earth fault are normally seen in compensated network substations where during the fault possibly many feeders are tripped simultaneously by earth fault or whole substation is tripped by residual voltage back up protection from the incomer This is typical behavior in old fashioned relay protection which is not capable to differentiate in between of normal consistent earth fault a...

Page 85: ...f the current spike in the faulted feeder and same direction in non faulted feeder Following gures present few intermittent earth fault situations seen by the relays in substation Figure 5 4 6 44 Close to resonance tuned medium size network intermittent earth fault seen by faulty feeder relay AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 84 ...

Page 86: ...Figure 5 4 6 45 Close to resonance tuned network intermittent earth fault seen by healthy feeder relay AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 85 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 87: ...Figure 5 4 6 46 Undercompensated medium size network intermittent earth fault seen by faulty feeder relay AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 86 ...

Page 88: ...algorithms lose the direction sensing due to FFT processed input signal expects power cycle long stabile data for accurate directional output In this case the zero crossings during the power cycle are multiple so FFT result may be anything in between of 0 180 degrees When analyzing the situation on the normal directional earth fault protection point of view the result may be no trip at all or trip...

Page 89: ...set to very fast tripping 1s it may be necessary to verify the reset value of the residual voltage protection In no case shall the residual voltage protection operate time be faster than set intermittent earth fault operate time plus circuit breaker operate time added with reset time of residual voltage protection stage If an intermittent earth fault protection start is used to block regular non i...

Page 90: ...ontrolled by U0 Detect spike and I0 Detect spike setting parameters which de ne the maximum allowed measured residual current and voltage before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio in between of the setting and circular buffer maximum value Table 5 4 6 84 Pick up characteristics setting Name Range Step Default Description U0 Detect spike 1 00 100 00 Un 0 01 Un 80 ...

Page 91: ... Starts to count from rst detected forward faulty feeder spike If in counting another spike is detected resets and starts from beginning If runs to end resets the function start signals REV reset time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 300s Reverse start detection reset time Starts to count from rst detected reverse healthy feeder spike If in counting another spike is detected resets and starts from beginni...

Page 92: ... measures constantly negative and positive sequence current magnitudes which on the operating decisions are based In broken conductor mode I2 I1 phase current magnitudes are monitored also for minimum allowed loading current Two possible operating modes are available I2 mode which monitors negative sequence current and I2 I1 mode which monitors the ratio of negative sequence current ratio to posit...

Page 93: ...Function block utilizes calculated positive and negative sequence currents In broken conductor mode I2 I1 also the phase currents RMS values are used for the minimum current check Zero sequence and the component sequence angles are used for the fault registering and for fault analysis processing 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 4 7 88 Ana...

Page 94: ...ignal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the f...

Page 95: ...urrent Iset and measured current Im dependent time characteristics For the IDMT operation is available IEC and IEEE ANSI standard characteristics as well as user settable parameters Uniquely to current unbalance protection there is also Curve2 delay available which follows the formula below t Operating time I2meas Calculated negative sequence IN Nominal current k Constant k value user settable del...

Page 96: ... dial setting k 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 0 05s Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Time dial multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics A 0 0000 250 0000 0 0001 0 0860 Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Constant A for IEC IEEE characteristics B 0 0000 5 0000 0 0001 0 1850 Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to IDMT Consta...

Page 97: ...alues Table 5 4 7 92 Event codes of the CUB function instances Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 2048 32 CUB1 0 Start ON 2049 32 CUB1 1 Start OFF 2050 32 CUB1 2 Trip ON 2051 32 CUB1 3 Trip OFF 2052 32 CUB1 4 Block ON 2053 32 CUB1 5 Block OFF 2112 33 CUB2 0 Start ON 2113 33 CUB2 1 Start OFF 2114 33 CUB2 2 Trip ON 2115 33 CUB2 3 Trip OFF 2116 33 CUB2 4 Block ON 2117 ...

Page 98: ... e g set operating time delay is 0 s for blocking purposes of other protection stages either Start or Trip signal can be used In time delayed mode the operation can be switched to de nite time or IDMT mode Start signal can be used for blocking other stages while in cases when the situation prolongs can Trip signal be used for other actions as time delayed For IDMT operation IEC and ANSI standard t...

Page 99: ...3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic 17th harmonic 19th harmonic current 5 ms IL3FFT Magnitudes rms of phase L3 C current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic 17th harmonic 19th harmonic current 5 ms I01FFT Magnitudes rms of...

Page 100: ...ultiple instances of HOC can be set to operate independently of each other Pick up characteristics Pick up of the HOC function is controlled by Ihset pu Ih IL depends of the selected operating mode setting parameter which de nes the maximum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio in between of the Ihset pu or Ih IL and measured magnitud...

Page 101: ...minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports de nite time delay DT and inverse de nite minimum time IDMT delay types For detailed information on these delay types refer to chapter General properties of a protection function Events and registers The HOC function generates events an...

Page 102: ... In current dependent mode CBFP function constantly measures phase current magnitudes and selected residual current In signal dependent mode any of the IED binary signal can be used for triggering the CBFP In binary output dependent mode CBFP monitors selected output relay control signal status Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function durin...

Page 103: ...nput I02 5 ms I0Calc Calculated residual current from the phase current inputs 5 ms DOIN Monitoring of the digital output relay status 5 ms DIIN Monitoring of digital input status 5 ms Selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations pre fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms of Start or Trip event Pick up...

Page 104: ...f blocking condition is not active From binary signals the activation of the pick up is immediate when the monitored signal is activated Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element act...

Page 105: ...s for the function time characteristics Table 5 4 9 102 Operating time characteristics setting parameters Name Range Step Default Description Retrip 0 No 1 Yes Yes Retrip enabled or disabled If Retrip is disabled the output will not be visible and also the TRetr setting parameter will not be available Retrip time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 100s Retrip start timer this setting de nes how long t...

Page 106: ...il of the breaker from the trip output of the IED Retrip is wired in parallel from its own output contact in the IED to the second tripping coil of the circuit breaker CBFP signal to upstream is wired normally from its output contact in the IED to the upstream incomer breaker In following are few operational cases presented regarding to the different applications AQ F255 Instruction manual Version...

Page 107: ...imary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit rst is issued retrip and if the current is not decreased in time also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counters for retrip and CBFP are reset immediately the current is measu...

Page 108: ...stantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset rst is issued retrip and if the current is not decreased in time also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counters for retrip and CBFP are reset im...

Page 109: ...t decreased under the setting limit or the trip signal from primary stage is not reset In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the conditions is active also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counters for retrip and CBFP are re...

Page 110: ...e the circuit breaker trip coil is controlled with the IED trip output and CBFP is controlled with one dedicated CBFP contact In following are few operational cases presented regarding to the different applications and settings of the CBFP function AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 109 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 111: ...g time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counter for CBFP are reset immediately the current is measured below the threshold settings AQ F255 Instruction ...

Page 112: ...protection stage is constantly monitored in this con guration and if the current is not decreased under the setting limit and the trip signal from primary stage is not reset CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counter for CBFP is reset immediately the current is measured below the threshold settin...

Page 113: ...t In case if either of these conditions are met until the timers set time rst is issued retrip and if either of the conditions is active also CBFP will be issued to upstream breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault e g the circuit breaker operates normally the counter for CBFP is reset immediately the current is measured below the threshold settings and the trip signal is reset ...

Page 114: ... signal is used for CBFP purpose only In this application the retrip and also CBFP to upstream are also available for different types of requirements Retrip signal can be used for the section incomer breaker tripping and CBFP for the upstream breaker tripping In this example no retripping is utilized and CBFP signal is used for the incomer trip from the outgoing breaker trip signal The trip signal...

Page 115: ...le faults CBFP protection Events and registers The CBFP function generates events and registers from the status changes of Retrip CBFP activated and blocked signals as well as from the internal pick up comparators To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages Function includes 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function Retrip CBFP activated or blocked is re...

Page 116: ...In CED mode the function provides natural measurement unbalance compensation to have higher operating sensitivity for monitoring cable end faults REF function constantly monitors phase currents and selected residual current instant values as well as calculated bias current and differential current magnitudes Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the ...

Page 117: ...ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I01 5 ms I02RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I02 5 ms IL1Ang Fundamental angle of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2 Ang Fundamental angle of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3 Ang Fundamental angle of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01 Ang Fundamental angle of residual input I01 5 ms ...

Page 118: ...c I01 or I02 in through fault yields 0 of differential current Bias current calc 0 3Io IoCalc 2 1 max 3Io I0calc Residual current Selection of bias current calculation Either maximum of all measured currents or calculated residual current can be used for the differential characteristics biasing Residual current mode is more sensitive while max current coarser Default setting is Residual current I0...

Page 119: ...nal will be generated and the function shall not process the situation further If Trip function has been activated before blocking signal it will reset and the release time characteristics are processed as in case of when pick up signal is reset From blocking of the function HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and fault type is is...

Page 120: ...lting signal can be used for alarming or tripping purpose for the feeder with failing cable end The sensitivity of the algorithm and settings are freely user settable Restricted earth fault protection is normally used in Y winding of a power transformer This function is needed to prevent the main differential protection from tripping in outside protection area faults in some cases it has disabled ...

Page 121: ...erential current is high Figure 5 4 10 67 Restricted earth fault on inside of Y winding transformer Events and registers The REF function generates events and registers from the status changes of the Trip activated and blocked signals To main event buffer it is possible to select status On or Off messages 12 last registers are available in the function where the triggering event of the function Tr...

Page 122: ...tworks the overvoltage protection is not affected Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Outputs of the function are Start Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Overvoltage function utilizes total of eig...

Page 123: ...surement of voltage UL31 V 5 ms UL1RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of voltage UL1 V 5 ms UL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of voltage UL2 V 5 ms UL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of voltage UL3 V 5 ms Table 5 4 11 111 Measured magnitude selection setting Name Description Range Step Default Measured magnitude Selection of P P or P E voltages Additionally U3 or U4 input can be assigned as the volt...

Page 124: ...udes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 4 11 70 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection If no residual voltage is connected phase to earth voltages are not available AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 123 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 125: ...l or each voltages Um exceed above the Uset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 11 112 Pick up characteristics setting Name Description Range Step Default Operation mode Pick up criteria selection 0 All faults 1 P P faults 2 Only 3P faults 0 All faults Uset Pick up setting 50 00 150 00 Un 0 1 Un 120 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start s...

Page 126: ...D minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for trip signal and also for the release of the function in case the pick up element is reset before the trip time has been reached There are three basic operating modes available for the function Ins...

Page 127: ...me if pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element reset Continue time calculation during release time No Yes No Time calculation characteristics selection If activated the operating time counter is continuing until set release time even the pick up element is reset Resetting characteristics can be set accord...

Page 128: ...available instances of the function U U U U Function constantly measures phase voltage or line to line voltage magnitudes Undervoltage protection is based to line to line fundamental frequency component or line to neutral fundamental frequency component if so chosen If protection is based to line to line voltage during earth fault in isolated or compensated networks the undervoltage protection is ...

Page 129: ... input values Analog voltage measurement values are used by the function Function block always utilizes peak to peak measurement from samples and the monitored magnitudes are fundamental frequency RMS values 20 ms averaged value is used for the pre fault data Table 5 4 12 117 Analogic magnitudes used by UV function Signal Description Time base UL12RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of voltage UL12 V ...

Page 130: ... averaged history value from 20 ms of Start or Trip event Figure 5 4 12 73 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 4 12 74 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection If no residual voltage is connected phase to earth voltages are not available AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 129 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 131: ...nd single dual or each voltage Um decrease below the Uset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 12 119 Pick up characteristics setting Name Description Range Step Default Uset Pick up setting 0 00 120 00 Un 0 01 Un 60 Un U Block setting Block setting If set to zero blocking is not in use Operation explained in the next chapter 0 00 100 00 Un 0 01 Un 10 Un The pick up activat...

Page 132: ...me towards pick up Umeas Uset at the moment Um Uset Ratio between measured voltage and the pick up value Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generat...

Page 133: ...Range Step Default Description Delay Type DT IDMT DT Selection of the delay type time counter Selection possibilities are dependent IDMT Inverse De nite Minimum Time and independent DT De nite Time characteristics De nite operating time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 040s De nite time operating delay Setting is active and visible when Delay Type is selected to DT When set to 0 000 s the stage oper...

Page 134: ...events and registers from the status changes of start trip and blocked To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages The UV function offers four independent instances which events are segregated for each instance operation In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function start trip or blocked is recorded with time stamp and process da...

Page 135: ...tart 200ms averages 0ms 1800s 1 8 5 4 13 Neutral voltage U0 59N Neutral overvoltage function NOV is used for non directional instant and time delayed earth fault protection for various applications including feeder lter and machine applications of utilities and industry Each IED with voltage protection module has four available instances of the function U0 U0 U0 U0 NOV function measures constantly...

Page 136: ... operation can be selected for de nite time or IDMT For IDMT operation IEC and ANSI standard time delays are supported as well as custom parameters The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing input magnitude selection threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics and output processing Inputs for the function are the operating mode selections setting parameters...

Page 137: ...n real time of the state of the protection function either through relays HMI display or with AQtivate software when connection there is a connection to relay and Live Edit mode is activated Name Unit Description U0 Pick up setting V Primary voltage required for tripping The displayed pick up voltage level depends on the chosen U0 measurement input selection pick up setting and the voltage transfo...

Page 138: ...ivates a BLOCKED signal will be generated and the function shall not process the situation further If START function has been activated before blocking signal it will reset and the release time characteristics are processed as in case of when pick up signal is reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage valu...

Page 139: ... this time the start signal is held on for the timers if delayed pick up release is active Delayed Pick up release No Yes Yes Resetting characteristics selection either time delayed or instant after pick up element is released If activated the start signal is reset after set release time delay Time calc reset after release time No Yes Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When ac...

Page 140: ...2 95 NOV3 2 Trip ON 6083 95 NOV3 3 Trip OFF 6084 95 NOV3 4 Block ON 6085 95 NOV3 5 Block OFF 6144 96 NOV4 0 Start ON 6145 96 NOV4 1 Start OFF 6146 96 NOV4 2 Trip ON 6147 96 NOV4 3 Trip OFF 6148 96 NOV4 4 Block ON 6149 96 NOV4 5 Block OFF In the register of the NOV function is recorded start trip or blocked On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of NOV function register...

Page 141: ...oltage magnitudes to calculate the positive or negative sequence voltage Used voltage is user selectable VUB protection is based on system line to line voltage level Protection stages can be set to protect against under or overvoltage Blocking signal and setting group selection controls the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation Positive sequence voltage calculation Belo...

Page 142: ...ation Below is presented the formula for symmetric component calculation and therefore to NSV calculation See negative sequence calculation examples below Figure 5 4 14 82 Negative sequence component vector examples AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 141 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 143: ...which can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three output signal In instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with equivalent time stamp Time stamp resolut...

Page 144: ...t in the function and is always related to the Uset value When Uc exceed decrease above below the Uset value will cause pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 14 133 Pick up characteristics setting Name Description Range Step Default Pick up terms Decision if the function will pick up when the monitored voltage is under or over the set pick up value Over Under Over Uset Pick up setting 5 00 1...

Page 145: ... up Umeas Uset at the moment Um Uset Ratio between measured voltage and the pick up value Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the func...

Page 146: ...our independent instances which events are segregated for each instance operation In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function start trip or blocked is recorded with time stamp and process data values Table 5 4 14 135 Event codes of VUB function instances 1 4 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 8320 130 VUB1 0 Start ON 832...

Page 147: ... used as an indicator of accidental island operation of distributed generation and some consumers since it is unlikely that the consumed and generated power are the same Over frequency is also often used to control power generation to keep the system frequency consistent Activation and deactivation of each individual stage can be done inside the protection function menus info tab Outputs of the fu...

Page 148: ...mer 5 ms VT2 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of second voltage transformer 5 ms Pick up characteristics and time delay Pick up of each stage of FRQV functions stage is controlled by fset fset etc setting parameter which de nes the maximum or minimum allowed measured frequency before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio in between of the pick up setting and measured frequency...

Page 149: ...is reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal...

Page 150: ...65 99 FRQV1 29 f Start OFF 6366 99 FRQV1 30 f Trip ON 6367 99 FRQV1 31 f Trip OFF 6368 99 FRQV1 32 f Block ON 6369 99 FRQV1 33 f Block OFF 6370 99 FRQV1 34 f Block ON 6371 99 FRQV1 35 f Block OFF 6372 99 FRQV1 36 f Block ON 6373 99 FRQV1 37 f Block OFF 6374 99 FRQV1 38 f Block ON 6375 99 FRQV1 39 f Block OFF 6376 99 FRQV1 40 f Block ON 6377 99 FRQV1 41 f Block OFF 6378 99 FRQV1 42 f Block ON 6379 ...

Page 151: ...reconnected to the network which can cause damage to the generator and the network Figure 5 4 16 86 Operation of df dt function when the frequency starts but doesn t trip In the gure above is presented an example case of df dt function operation when the frequency is decreasing If the flimit is activated df dt doesn t trip no matter how fast the measured frequency changes if it s over the f limit ...

Page 152: ...s Rate of change of frequency protection function compares measured df dt to pick up setting given in Hz s Source of measured frequency depends on the factory de ned tracking reference which can be checked from frequency tab behind measurements menu Table 5 4 16 141 Measurement magnitudes used by the ROCOF function depends on factory de nition Signals Description Time base VT1 U1 U2 U3 L N voltage...

Page 153: ...eset From blocking of the function an HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal ne...

Page 154: ...21 103 DFT1 29 df dt 8 Start OFF 6622 103 DFT1 30 df dt 8 Trip ON 6623 103 DFT1 31 df dt 8 Trip OFF 6624 103 DFT1 32 df dt 1 Block ON 6625 103 DFT1 33 df dt 1 Block OFF 6626 103 DFT1 34 df dt 2 Block ON 6627 103 DFT1 35 df dt 2 Block OFF 6628 103 DFT1 36 df dt 3 Block ON 6629 103 DFT1 37 df dt 3 Block OFF 6630 103 DFT1 38 df dt 4 Block ON 6631 103 DFT1 39 df dt 4 Block OFF 6632 103 DFT1 40 df dt 5...

Page 155: ...ssing Inputs for the function are the operating mode selections setting parameters and measured and pre processed power magnitudes and binary input signals Function outputs START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON ...

Page 156: ...generated and the function shall not process the situation further If START function has been activated before blocking signal it will reset and the release time characteristics are processed as in case of when pick up signal is reset From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Bloc...

Page 157: ...ignals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Under power function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing threshold comparator two block signal check time delay characteristics and output processing...

Page 158: ...on Signal Description Time base 3PH Active power P Total 3 phase active power 5 ms Pick up characteristics Pick up of the UPW function is controlled by Pset setting parameter which de nes the maximum allowed measured three phase active power before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio in between of the Pset and measured magnitude Pm Reset ratio of 97 is inbuilt in ...

Page 159: ...et From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs...

Page 160: ...h are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Reverse power function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing threshold comparator two block signal check time delay characteristics and output processing Input...

Page 161: ...ked at the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If blocking signal is active when pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal will be generated and the...

Page 162: ...the distribution system it is usually detected and isolated by the protection system closest to the faulty point resulting in the shutdown of a part or whole electrical power system The remaining distributed generators try to deliver the power to the part of the distribution system that has been disconnected from the grid and in most cases an overload condition can be expected Under such overload ...

Page 163: ...ic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three output signals When tripping the function outputs ALARM and TRIP events simultaneously with equivalent time stamp Time stamp resolution is 1ms Function provides also cumulative counters for ALARM TRIP and BLO...

Page 164: ... it with the subsequent damage not only for the generator but for the entire power plant too Figure 5 4 20 93 Generator islanding occurs In example case above only phase to phase voltages L1 L2 and L3 L1 have been reduced and the voltage L2 L3 remains the same This means that the problem happened in phase L1 in the network The voltage level is not reduced to zero or either the voltage in any phase...

Page 165: ...he function shall not process the situation further From blocking of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are bin...

Page 166: ...s TOLF function includes total memory function of the load current conditions according to IEC 60255 8 TOLF function is based on thermal replica which represents the protected object or cable thermal loading in relation to the current going through the object Thermal replica includes the calculated thermal capacity used in the memory since it is integral function which tells apart this function fr...

Page 167: ...l image calculation with nominal conditions example This described behavior is based on that assumption that the monitored object whether cable line or electrical device has a homogenous body which is generating and dissipating heat with a rate which is proportional to temperature rise caused by current squared This usually is the case with cables and objects while overhead lines heat dissipation ...

Page 168: ...n C or F tmax Maximum temperature can be set in C or F for the protected object kmax Ambient temperature correction factor for the maximum temperature tmin Minimum temperature can be set in C or F for the protected object kmin Ambient temperature correction factor for the minimum temperature tref Ambient temperature reference can be set in C or F the temperature in which the given manufacturer pre...

Page 169: ...sed 15 C ground dug cables which gives coef cient value of 1 00 for the thermal replica Settable thermal capacity curve uses linear interpolation for ambient temperature correction with maximum 10 pairs of temperature correction factor pairs Figure 5 4 21 97 Example of the ground temperature and correction coef cient In the manufacturer given data the temperature coef cient may be informed as in g...

Page 170: ...o be set as many points as there is available Minimum setting is two pairs and the result will be straight line For the cables this ambient temperature correction is just one correction parameter For the non changing corrections are used kSF correction factor which calculation is explained in following part To calculate the correction factors for the cable or overhead installation there is need to...

Page 171: ...where it is installed are the most important parameters for setting the thermal image to work properly In addition to this current carrying capacity table also manufacturer should provide additional data for ne tune the thermal image In addition to the ampere temperature values equally important information is the continuous current capacity presumptions e g in which conditions the given values ap...

Page 172: ... conditions manufacturers may give additional information of how the current carrying capacity should be corrected in order to match changed conditions Figure 5 4 21 101 Correction coef cients for the current carrying capacity given by the manufacturer Prysmian AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 171 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 173: ...nt carrying capacity factor importance let s calculate cable installation with correct k factor and without setting it to correct value Initial data for the set up of the thermal image AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 172 ...

Page 174: ...nstant t from the known 1s short circuit current related to In If manufacturer has not informed the time constant it can be estimated from given short circuit withstandability current which is usually 1s value TOLF function uses this same method for estimating the heating time constant Rest of the settings are found from the initial data for the cable In 680 A Tmax 90 C Tamb 15 C Tref 15 C and kSF...

Page 175: ...lt can be noted that the thermal image matches perfectly into the expectations Cable alarm from the overheating could be set securely When comparing the result to fully tuned model in the application let s include all of the installation correction factors to the image 500 mm2 cross sectional 66 kV copper cable is installed with no adjacent cables k 1 into dry gravel and clay k 0 85 ground in dept...

Page 176: ...nts and ne tuned kSF correction factor Now when trying to load the cable with the given nominal current can be seen that the actual cable current carrying capacity is much lower than in presumption conditions Normal loading current can now get the cable too warm and endanger its withstandability If in this case the kSF factor would not been set the thermal image would show about 68 C temperature w...

Page 177: ...ing capacity of the cable had been reduced so that 90 C temperature is achieved already with 550A current instead of the initial data given current of 680A Estimating trip time Calculated effective nominal current IN kfact tambfact INom where kfact is the service factor tambfact is the ambient temperature factor AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 176 ...

Page 178: ...peration Outputs of the function are TOLF Trip and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function TOLF function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Also the operating mode of the TOLF can be changed by setting group selection The operational logic ...

Page 179: ... is activated or disabled in the con guration Default setting 0 Disabled Not in use Temp C or F deg 0 C 1 F 0 C Selection whether the temperature values of the thermal image and RTD compensation are shown in Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees Table 5 4 21 164 Thermal replica settings Name Range Step Default Description IN thermal cap current 0 10 40 00xIn 0 01xIn 1 00xIn Current for the 100 thermal cap...

Page 180: ... or measured ambient temperature should be used for the thermal image biasing Man Amb Temp Set 0 500deg 1deg 15deg Manual xed ambient temperature setting for the thermal image biasing For underground cables commonly is used 15 degrees Celsius Setting is visible if Ambient temp sel is set to Manual set RTD Amb Temp Read 0 500deg 1deg 15deg RTD ambient temperature reading for the thermal image biasi...

Page 181: ...abled Enabling Disabling of the Alarm 1 signal and IO TF Alarm 1 level 0 0 150 0 0 1 40 Alarm 1 activation threshold Default setting is 40 Enable TF Alarm 2 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enabling Disabling of the Alarm 2 signal and IO TF Alarm 2 level 0 0 150 0 0 1 40 Alarm 2 activation threshold Default setting is 40 Enable TF Rest Inhibit 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enabling Disabling of t...

Page 182: ...rent is below trip limit status Load normal will be shown when the measured current is over pick up limit but under 2 xIn status Overloading will be shown and when measured current is over 2 xIn status High overload will be shown Table 5 4 21 168 Measurements Name Range Description values Currents 0 Primary A 1 Secondary A 2 Per unit Active phase current measurement from IL1 A IL2 B and IL3 C phas...

Page 183: ...it Off 4294 67 TOLF1 6 Trip On 4295 67 TOLF1 7 Trip Off 4296 67 TOLF1 8 Block On 4297 67 TOLF1 9 Block Off In the register of the TOLF function is recorded activated blocked etc On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of TOLF function register content This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided instances separately Table 5 4 21 171 Register...

Page 184: ...cs and directional overcurrent When above mentioned criteria are met voltage memory will activate VMEM will use VMEM activation voltage as voltage amplitude even when actual measured voltage has decreased lower or close to nothing Used angle is captured a moment before the fault has occurred and voltage memory has been activated When VMEM is activate a speci c output Voltage memory on is switched ...

Page 185: ...emory is no longer used directional overcurrent distance protection goes to unidirectional mode to secure safe tripping Longer operating times for VMEM are used in case backup protection is applied for example in distance protection a zone s further away VMEM max active time is settable between 0 02 50 00 seconds Figure 5 4 22 108 Voltage angle drift is approximately 1 degree in a second while vol...

Page 186: ...Frequency tracked from CT On 12167 190 M1VT1 7 Frequency tracked from CT Off 12168 190 M1VT1 8 Using Voltage memory On 12169 190 M1VT1 9 Using Voltage memory Off 12170 190 M1VT1 10 Voltage memory blocked On 12171 190 M1VT1 11 Voltage memory blocked Off 5 4 23 Arc fault protection IArc I0Arc 50Arc 50NArc Arc faults occur because of insulation failure incorrect operation of the protected device corr...

Page 187: ...function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Arc protection utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Table 5 4 23 174 Output signals of the arc protection function Outputs Activation condition Channel1 Light In Channel2 Light In Channel3 Light In Channel4 Light In Arc protection card sensor channel detects ligh...

Page 188: ...hold comparator two block signal check and output processing Inputs for the function are the operating mode selections setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and binary input signals Function outputs TRIP BLOCKED light sensing etc signals can be used for direct IO controlling and for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped...

Page 189: ...e 2 Enable Zone 2 Light 3 High speed output contacts HSO1 and HSO2 have been set to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays AQ 100 series units send out test pulses at an interval to check the health of wiring between the AQ 100 series units Parameter I I0 Arc Self supervision test pulse should be activated when connecting AQ 100 series units to AQ 200 series a...

Page 190: ...ht 2 If any of the channels has pressure sensing sensor included do the enable pressure in same way as with normal light sensor If phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent current is needed in tripping decision those can be enabled in the same way as enabling the light sensors in the zone When a current channel is enabled measured current needs to be over the set current limit in addition to ligh...

Page 191: ...ly equal to trip signal generation of the function Trip signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked at the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a TRIP signal is gen...

Page 192: ... Trip Off 4750 74 ARC1 14 Zone4 Block On 4751 74 ARC1 15 Zone4 BlockOff 4752 74 ARC1 16 Ph Current Blocked On 4753 74 ARC1 17 Ph Current Blocked Off 4754 74 ARC1 18 Ph Current Start On 4755 74 ARC1 19 Ph Current Start Off 4756 74 ARC1 20 Res Current Blocked On 4757 74 ARC1 21 Res Current Blocked Off 4758 74 ARC1 22 Res Current Start On 4759 74 ARC1 23 Res Current Start Off 4760 74 ARC1 24 Channel ...

Page 193: ...4736 4787 Descr Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages Trip 20ms averages 1 4 1 8 5 4 24 Programmable stage PGx 99 The programmable stage PGS is a stage that can be programmed by the user to create more advanced applications either as an individual stage or together with programmable logic The relay has ten programmable stages of which each can be set to compare from one to three...

Page 194: ... chosen for the comparator and possibly set a scaling for the signal Below is an example of a scaling in which primary neutral voltage has been scaled to percentage value so that it would be easier to handle setting up the comparator The scaling factor was calculated by taking the inverse value of 20kV system With this multiplier in full earth fault neutral voltage would be 11547 volts primary whi...

Page 195: ...ignals have their own pick up setting 6 Mag1 Mag2 Signal1 Signal2 subtraction The comparison uses the product of Signal1 Signal2 calculation In the example below analog comparison has been set with two signals The stage will trip if either of the measured signals ful lls the comparison condition In the same way it is possible to set up comparison of three values Mode Description 0 Mag1 x Mag2 x Ma...

Page 196: ...If the absolute value of the measured signal is higher than the set pick up level the comparison condition is ful lled 2 Under Less than If the measured signal is less than the set pick up level the comparison condition is ful lled A blocking limit can also be set This means the comparison is not active when measured value is under the set blocking limit 3 Under abs Less than absolute If the absol...

Page 197: ...s to help nd the desired value IL1 Description IL1ff p u IL1 Fundamental frequency in per unit value IL1 2nd h IL1 2nd harmonic in per unit value IL1 3rd h IL1 3rd harmonic in per unit value IL1 4th h IL1 4th harmonic in per unit value IL1 5th h IL1 5th harmonic in per unit value IL1 7th h IL1 7th harmonic in per unit value IL1 9th h IL1 9th harmonic in per unit value IL1 11th h IL1 11th harmonic ...

Page 198: ...ic in per unit value I01 9th h I01 9th harmonic in per unit value I01 11th h I01 11th harmonic in per unit value I01 13th h I01 13th harmonic in per unit value I01 15th h I01 15th harmonic in per unit value I01 17th h I01 17th harmonic in per unit value I01 19th h I01 19th harmonic in per unit value IL02 Description I02ff p u I02 Fundamental frequency in per unit value I02 2 h I02 2nd harmonic in ...

Page 199: ...itive sequence current I2 Ang Angle of negative sequence current I01ResP I01 current resistive component primary current I01CapP I01 current capacitive component primary current I01ResS I01 current resistive component secondary current I01CapS I01 current capacitive component secondary current I02ResP I02 current resistive component primary current I02CapP I02 current capacitive component primary ...

Page 200: ...n L1 SL2 Apparent power L2 S kVA PL2 Active power L2 P kW QL2 Reactive power L2 Q kVar tan L2 Phase active power direction L2 cos L2 Phase reactive power direction L2 SL3 Apparent power L3 S kVA PL3 Active power L3 P kW QL3 Reactive power L3 Q kVar tan L3 Phase active power direction L3 cos L3 Phase reactive power direction L3 Imp ZRX Adm YGB category Description RL12Pri Resistance R L12 primary o...

Page 201: ...ohm XL2Sec Reactance X L2 secondary ohm RL3Sec Resistance R L3 secondary ohm XL3Sec Reactance X L3 secondary ohm Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary ohm Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary ohm Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 primary ohm Z1Sec Impedance Z L1 secondary ohm Z2Sec Impedance Z L2 secondary ohm Z3Sec Impedance Z L3 secondary ohm Z1Angle Impedance Z L1 angle Z2Angle Impedance Z L2 angle Z3Angle Impedance Z L3 an...

Page 202: ...ce G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Imp ZRX Adm YGB category Description System f System frequency Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequency 2 M Thermal T Motor thermal temperature F Thermal T Feeder thermal temperature T Thermal T Transformer thermal temperature RTD meas 1 16...

Page 203: ... pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to start signal generation of the function Start signal is allowed if blocking condition is not active Resetting characteristics can be set according to the application Default setting is delayed with 60 ms and the time calculation is held during the release time When using the release delay option where the operating time counter is calcul...

Page 204: ...ip OFF 8580 134 PGS1 4 PS1 Block ON 8581 134 PGS1 5 PS1 Block OFF 8582 134 PGS1 6 PS2 Start ON 8583 134 PGS1 7 PS2 Start OFF 8584 134 PGS1 8 PS2 Trip ON 8585 134 PGS1 9 PS2 Trip OFF 8586 134 PGS1 10 PS2 Block ON 8587 134 PGS1 11 PS2 Block OFF 8588 134 PGS1 12 PS3 Start ON 8589 134 PGS1 13 PS3 Start OFF 8590 134 PGS1 14 PS3 Trip ON 8591 134 PGS1 15 PS3 Trip OFF 8592 134 PGS1 16 PS3 Block ON 8593 13...

Page 205: ...52 PS9 Trip ON 8629 134 PGS1 53 PS9 Trip OFF 8630 134 PGS1 54 PS9 Block ON 8631 134 PGS1 55 PS9 Block OFF 8632 134 PGS1 56 PS10 Start ON 8633 134 PGS1 57 PS10 Start OFF 8634 134 PGS1 58 PS10 Trip ON 8635 134 PGS1 59 PS10 Trip OFF 8636 134 PGS1 60 PS10 Block ON 8637 134 PGS1 61 PS10 Block OFF In the register of the PGS function start trip or blocked On event process data is recorded In the table be...

Page 206: ...t is possible to force any of the setting group on by enabling the Force SG and give the wanted setting group as number from the communication bus or from local HMI When force parameter is enabled the local device automatic control is overridden and full control of setting group is with user until the force SG change is disabled again For the application controlled setting group switch and selecti...

Page 207: ... SG1 8 0 SG1 Selection of activated setting groups in the application If setting group is enabled it cannot be controlled to active When enabling new setting groups the activated setting groups shall copy values from the SG1 Default setting is that only SG1 is active Force SG change enabled 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Setting of force setting group change either enabled or disabled This settin...

Page 208: ...ssed Setting group6 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active Setting group 6 selection third lowest priority input for setting group control Can be controlled with pulse or steady state signals If steady state signal is applied SG7 and SG8 requests shall not be processed Setting group7 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active Setting group 7 selection second lowest priority input for setting group control Can...

Page 209: ...cal Change SG Req On 4193 65 SGS 33 Local Change SG Req On 4194 65 SGS 34 Force Change SG On 4195 65 SGS 35 Force Change SG Off 4196 65 SGS 36 SG Req Fail Not con gured SG On 4197 65 SGS 37 SG Req Fail Not con gured SG On 4198 65 SGS 38 Force Req Fail Force not On 4199 65 SGS 39 Force Req Fail Off 4200 65 SGS 40 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req On 4201 65 SGS 41 SG Req Fail Lower priority Req Off 42...

Page 210: ...nitoring the state of the Petersen coil connection the setting group control can be applied either with 1 wire or 2 wire connection depending of the application requirements In case of 1 wire connection is allowed the setting group change logic can be applied as in the gure above Petersen coil status on controls SG1 to be active and if the coil is disconnected SG2 is active With this practice if t...

Page 211: ...al logics One example can be setting group change based on cold load pick up function Figure 5 5 1 119 Example of fully application controlled setting group change with CLPU function In this example the CLPU function output is used for the automatic setting group change Similarly to this application any combination of the available signals in the relay database can be programmed to be used for in ...

Page 212: ...be controlled from local control remote control and HMI mimic manually or by software function automatically For remote control from protocols the modes Direct Control and Select before Execute are dealt in the protocol handling itself Object control consists of control logic control monitor and output handler In addition of these main parts in the object control block can be added object related ...

Page 213: ...osition IN 1 means that the withdrawable object cart is in Position indication can be done among binary inputs and protection stage signals by using IEC 61850 GOOSE or logical signals WD Object Out DI1 DIx SWx Link to the physical binary input Monitored withdrawable object position OUT 1 means that the withdrawable object cart is pulled out Position indication can be done among binary inputs and p...

Page 214: ...ocols Objectx Local Close Signal Pre assigned Local Close signal from HMI either select execute from the mimic SLD or direct from the local panel pushbutton Objectx Local Open Signal Pre assigned Local Open signal from HMI either select execute from the mimic SLD or direct from the local panel pushbutton SW Open Input Con guration assigned Software controlled open signal Can be from autoreclosing ...

Page 215: ...open and close status when breaker switches If this time is exceeded and both open and closed status inputs are active status Bad is activated If neither of the status inputs are active after the delay Intermediate status is activated Sync wait timeout 0 02 500 00s 0 02s 0 2s If synchronization ok is not received during this set time the close command will be rejected with error message visible on...

Page 216: ...mand in order it is received in time Events and registers The OBJ function generates events and registers from the status changes of monitored signals as well as control command fails and operations To main event buffer it is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function is recorded with time stamp and process...

Page 217: ...ction which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Inputs for the function are binary status indications The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the open close bad and intermediate event signals Time stamp resolution is 1ms Input signals for indication status monitoring Function uses available hardware and softwar...

Page 218: ... Bad 6784 106 CIN3 0 Intermediate 6785 106 CIN3 1 Open 6786 106 CIN3 2 Close 6787 106 CIN3 3 Bad 6848 107 CIN4 0 Intermediate 6849 107 CIN4 1 Open 6850 107 CIN4 2 Close 6851 107 CIN4 3 Bad 6912 108 CIN5 0 Intermediate 6913 108 CIN5 1 Open 6914 108 CIN5 2 Close 6915 108 CIN5 3 Bad 10752 168 CIN6 0 Intermediate 10753 168 CIN6 1 Open 10754 168 CIN6 2 Close 10755 168 CIN6 3 Bad 10816 169 CIN7 0 Interm...

Page 219: ... before autoreclosing is applied to the faulty line Auto reclosing as application The main principle of autoreclosing is to de energize the faulty line and fault location so that the cause of the fault can drop out from the line When the line is energized and object either touches or drops into the line current will start to flow through the object either to the ground or in between of the phases ...

Page 220: ...s ve independent priority requests for reclosing and one critical request which halt the recloser in any position it is running when the critical request is received REQ1 has the highest priority and REQ5 lowest Auto reclosing scheme in radial network In typical medium voltage overhead network construction is radial type and does not cause any additional requirements for the autoreclosing scheme i...

Page 221: ...ocally from the HMI of the IED Following graphs present the principle signaling of the autorecloser in different cases possible for this type of line The graphs describe the available requests status autorecloser internal signal statuses timer statuses breaker controls from autorecloser and breaker status signals Autorecloser operates closely with Object control and all of the breaker status and m...

Page 222: ...ing before initiating request and shots Figure 5 5 4 127 Signal status graph of the permanent earth fault autoreclosing cycle 1 Earth fault is found in the protected line which causes directional earth fault protection I0Dir to start and calculate the operating time for the trip 2 I0Dir trips and gives open command to the breaker open coil Autoreclosing REQ2 is initiated and AR running AR2 Request...

Page 223: ...operating time for trip Close command is drop off after the breaker closed indication is received and the autorecloser starts to calculate Reclaim time 10 I0Dir trips and gives REQ2 request for autorecloser autorecloser is calculating Reclaim Time for Shot2 and while during this time new request is received recloser will jump to next available Shot for this request For this scheme is not anymore a...

Page 224: ...hot for this request Shot2 is next which is allowed for REQ2 input and Shot2 Running signal is set to active and Shot1 Running is drop off 7 Circuit breaker is opened and I0Dir Trip signal is released and simultaneously REQ2 signal for autorecloser is released Recloser starts to calculate the Shot2 Dead Time for closing the breaker 8 Dead Time for Shot2 is exceeded and autorecloser sends close req...

Page 225: ...th fault autoreclosing cycle 1 Earth fault is found in the protected line which causes directional earth fault protection I0Dir to start and calculate the operating time for the trip 2 I0Dir trips and gives open command to the breaker open coil Autoreclosing REQ2 is initiated and AR running AR2 Requested and Shot1 Running signals are activated 3 Circuit breaker is opened and I0Dir Trip signal is r...

Page 226: ...sible to set the AR Reclaim not to be used after successful reclosing cycle 7 Autoreclosing Reclaim Time is exceeded and Autorecloser is set to Ready state waiting for next request Auto reclosing sequence from Start with two shot failure For this overcurrent autoreclosing scheme was set non directional overcurrent protection Start signal to operate as REQ1 starter which was enabled to Shot1 and Sh...

Page 227: ...oser sends open command to the breaker Recloser enters to the Shot2 state 7 Circuit breaker opens and the Dead time calculation for Shot2 starts 8 Shot2 Dead time calculation is nished and the recloser sends close command to the breaker 9 Dead Time for Shot2 is exceeded and autorecloser sends close request for the Object breaker the close conditions are met and the breaker close command is sent to...

Page 228: ...d line which causes overcurrent protection I to pick up and activate REQ1 which causes the starting time calculating for the Shot 1 Shot 1 signal is activated simultaneously with corresponding starting time even the autorecloser is still in not running mode 2 Start time 500 ms for Shot 1 is elapsed and the autorecloser enters to running mode and sends open command to the breaker 3 Circuit breaker ...

Page 229: ...eclaim Time for the Autorecloser application starts Difference in between of the autoreclosing and shot speci c reclaim times is that if fault is returning in shot speci c reclaim time autorecloser jumps to next shot If a fault return after successful cycle and Autoreclosing reclaim time is running recloser will go directly to nal trip state and lock out state This behavior can be controlled with ...

Page 230: ...d by the Shot1 given non energized time no pick ups are detected Close command is drop off after the breaker closed indication is received and the autorecloser starts to calculate Reclaim time for Shot1 6 Reclaim Time for Shot1 is exceeded and the reclosing cycle is ended AR running Shot1 Running and REQ1 Running signals are reset and Reclaim Time for the Autorecloser application starts Difference...

Page 231: ... autoreclosing is not successful from the 20 kV substation towards the collector station there is no point to allow the closing of the collector station breaker either In case the autoreclosing cycle is successful after reclaim time the close permission for the collector station can be given and the breaker should be closed with synchroswitch function After the collector station is disconnected th...

Page 232: ...ecloser is possible to set certain discrimination time instead of arcing time which starts simultaneously with reclaim time and if during this discrimination time any new reclosing requests are made the recloser will halt and let the protection devices operate based on their settings and does not interfere on the operation of the protection functions or the breaker This means also that further rec...

Page 233: ...ult it will cause lock out of autorecloser function Autorecloser gives through information about its operations and statuses by on line indications events registered data and also output signals which can be con gured to any output or logical input in the device If network con guration is changed during the autoreclosing sequence the operation of the autorecloser can be modi ed also correspondingl...

Page 234: ...equest Any binary signal in the IED Reclosing request 5 lowest priority request which overrules all lower priority requests for autoreclosing When this request signal is activated and other conditions for reclosing are met a shot will be applied Critical Request Any binary signal in the IED Critical request for autoreclosing if this signal is activated the autorecloser shall go directly to locked ...

Page 235: ... IO as well as into communication protocols AR Operation inhibit When autorecloser is in Inhibit mode this signal is activated Signal can be connected to any relay IO as well as into communication protocols AR Lockout delay On When autorecloser is calculating Lockout delay this signal is activated Signal can be connected to any relay IO as well as into communication protocols AR Arcing time On Whe...

Page 236: ...00s disabled Table 5 5 4 195 Autorecloser shot settings Setting Range SG Description AR1 2 3 4 5 Shot 1 2 3 4 5 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 8 Shotx selection enabled disabled for request ARx If disabled ARx request will skip Shot 1 and seek for next enabled shot If enabled ARx request will execute shot according to Shot1 settings This selection can be changed dynamically by setting group selection in rea...

Page 237: ...al and AR2 is started by I0Dir Trip signal Timings for AR1 is 500ms starting time followed by 200ms Dead time which after 200ms Arcing time and 10s Reclaim time for Shot 1 If Shot 1 fails follows 120s dead time 200ms Arcing time and 10s Reclaim time If Shot 2 fails recloser shall init Final Trip For AR2 request the reading of the settings is exactly the same the values can be read from 2nd row 3rd...

Page 238: ...eady failed in given time from Object Object no sync failed in given time from Object Object open timeout from Object Object close timeout from Object AR request init during General reclaim time AR request was not released during Dead Time Critical request init in any state of autoreclosing cycle When AR is in Locked state it can be recovered only by user input either from manual reset input or by...

Page 239: ...equest 4043 63 AR1 11 AR Shot Clear 4044 63 AR1 12 Object Close Request 4045 63 AR1 13 Object Open Request 4046 63 AR1 14 Inhibit condition On 4047 63 AR1 15 Inhibit condition Off 4048 63 AR1 16 Locking condition On 4049 63 AR1 17 Locking condition Off 4050 63 AR1 18 Reserved 4051 63 AR1 19 AR1 Request On 4052 63 AR1 20 AR1 Request Off 4053 63 AR1 21 AR2 Request On 4054 63 AR1 22 AR2 Request Off 4...

Page 240: ...lose Request Off 4092 63 AR1 60 AR On 4093 63 AR1 61 AR Off 4094 63 AR1 62 AR Running DT On 4095 63 AR1 63 AR Running DT Off In the register of the OBJ function is recorded statuses commands etc On event process data In the table below is presented the structure of AR function register content This information is available in 12 last recorded events for all provided instances separately Table 5 5 ...

Page 241: ...s 2952 OBJ1 Open Request On dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2955 OBJ1 Open Command On dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 4063 AR1 AR Running On dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2954 OBJ1 Open Request Off dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 1665 NEF1 Start OFF dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 1667 NEF1 Trip OFF dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 4038 AR1 AR Reclosing request Off dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2945 OBJ1 Object Open dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2956 OBJ1...

Page 242: ... 5 5 Cold load pick up CLPU Cold load pick up function CLPU is used for detecting the so called cold load situations which relate to the distribution feeder protection after service restoration in which loss of load diversity has occurred The characteristics of cold load situation will vary according to the types of loads of individual feeders This means that the CLPU stage needs to be set accordi...

Page 243: ...values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components or peak to peak values 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 5 5 198 Analogic magnitudes used by the CLPU function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RM...

Page 244: ...ng of the function a HMI display event as well as time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and fault type is issued Blocking signal can be tested also in the commissioning phase of the stage by software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the ...

Page 245: ... the maximum allowed CLPU timer start to count until Tmax time In this example the pick up current is cleared before the Tmax time When the measured current is in between of ILow and IHigh the start up condition is considered to be over The CLPU signal can be prolonged over this time by setting Tmin to higher value than 0 000s AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 244 ...

Page 246: ...under ILow The time setting Tset isnot exceed and therefore no CLPU signal is issued If the CLPU is wanted to be activated in shorter time or directly when the measured current is below the ILow setting the Tset parameter can be set to lower value and even to 0 000s delay for immediate operation AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 245 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 247: ... been under ILow setting for time Tset When current exceed the IHigh setting the maximum allowed CLPU timer start to count until Tmax time In this example the measured current is exceeding the IOver setting during the startup situation and causes the CLPU signal immediate release AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 246 ...

Page 248: ...current has been under ILow setting for time Tset When current exceed the IHigh setting the maximum allowed CLPU timer start to count until Tmax time In this example the measured current is over the set IHigh setting until Tmax time and causes the release of the CLPU signal AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 247 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 249: ...CLPU activates after current has been under ILow setting for time Tset When current exceed the ILow setting but not IHigh the CLPU signal is active until the Tmin time If no inrush is noticed during the Tmin time the CLPU signal is released AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 248 ...

Page 250: ...nerates events and registers from the status changes of CLPU activated and blocked signals as well as from the internal pick up comparators To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages Function includes 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function CLPU activated or blocked is recorded with time stamp and process data values Table 5 5 5 201 Event codes of the...

Page 251: ...gotten earthing in order to reduce the damage in the fault or problem location Switch on to fault function can be used for controlling the protection functions or it can be used directly to trip breaker if any connected protection function starts during the set SOTF time Operation of the SOTF function is instant after the conditions SOTF active and any signal connected to SOF1_FCN input activates ...

Page 252: ...ble 5 5 6 204 Switch on to fault logic settings Name Range Step Default Description Release time for SOTF 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 1 000s SOTF active time after triggering Function blocking SOTF function can be blocked by activating BLOCK input This will prevent the SOTF active time from starting Events and registers The SOTF function generates events and registers from the status changes of SOTF ac...

Page 253: ...the synchronization Closing the circuit breaker while the systems are in asynchronous state can cause several problems like current surges which damage the interconnecting elements Synchrocheck has three stages SYN1 SYN2 and SYN3 SYN1 supervises the synchronization condition between U4 channel and the selected input voltage SYN2 supervises the synchronization condition between U3 channel and the s...

Page 254: ... mode when the SYN2 stage is in use and UL12 is the reference voltage Figure 5 5 7 151 Example connection of synchrocheck function in 2LL U3 U4 mode when the SYN3 stage is in use and UL12 is the reference voltage AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 253 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 255: ...Figure 5 5 7 152 Example application of synchrocheck over one breaker in 3LL and 3LN VT connection situations AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 254 ...

Page 256: ...Figure 5 5 7 153 Example application of synchrocheck over one breaker with 2LL VT connection AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 255 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 257: ...ure 5 5 7 154 Example application of synchrocheck over two breakers in 2LL U3 U4 mode Reference of the U3 or U4 voltages may be U12 U23 or U31 AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 256 ...

Page 258: ...he measured voltages Outputs of the function are Syn Ok Bypass and Blocked signals Setting parameters are static inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Synchrocheck function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Either system can be in either live or dead state depending on the measured ...

Page 259: ...t of voltage U4 V 5 ms Function blocking In the blocking element the block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle Blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix for the function dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the synchronization is ok a SYN OK signal is generated If blocking signal is active when SYN OK activates a BLOCKED signal will be genera...

Page 260: ...bled Operable in 2LL U3 U4 mode UL12 UL23 and UL31 references are available Table 5 5 7 209 Synchrocheck stage settings Name Range Step Default Description SYN U conditions LL only LL LD LL DL LL DD LL LD DL LL LD DD LL DL DD Bypass LL only Allowed states of the supervised systems SYN U live 0 10 120 00 Un 0 01 Un 20 Un Voltage limit of the live state SYN U dead 0 10 120 00 Un 0 01 Un 20 Un Voltag...

Page 261: ...YN1 Frequency diff Ok 2893 45 SYN1 13 SYN1 Frequency diff out of setting 2894 45 SYN1 14 SYN2 Blocked On 2895 45 SYN1 15 SYN2 Blocked Off 2896 45 SYN1 16 SYN2 Ok On 2897 45 SYN1 17 SYN2 Ok Off 2898 45 SYN1 18 SYN2 Bypass On 2899 45 SYN1 19 SYN2 Bypass Off 2900 45 SYN1 20 SYN2 Volt condition OK 2901 45 SYN1 21 SYN2 Volt cond not match 2902 45 SYN1 22 SYN2 Volt diff Ok 2903 45 SYN1 23 SYN2 Volt diff...

Page 262: ...tries It is the simplest option to connect and con gure It uses less wiring and connections than other signals greatly reducing initial setup costs Better for traveling long distances as current does not degrade over long connections like voltage It is less sensitive to background electrical noise Since 4 mA is equal to 0 output it is incredibly simple to detect a fault in the system Milliamp outp...

Page 263: ... control Available measurements depends on parameter mA Out Channel Magnitude selection Input value 1 107 107 0 001 0 First input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA output value 1 0 00000 24 00000mA 0 0001mA 0mA mA output value when measured value is equal or less than Input value 1 Input value 2 107 107 0 001 1 Second input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA output value 2...

Page 264: ...nalogue input and create a scaling curve Table 5 5 8 215 Main settings of the mA inputs Name Range Default Description Analog input scaling 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables mA input Scaling curve 1 4 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables scaling curve and mA input measurement Curve1 4 input signal select 0 RTD S1 resistance 15 RTD S16 resistance 16 mA In 1 I card 1 17 mA In 2 I card 2...

Page 265: ...ed in to the last actual measured cycle value value will not go to minimum if it has been something else when signal breaks Figure 5 5 8 162 Example of the effects mA input channel settings have Table 5 5 8 216 mA Output settings and indications Name Range Step Default Description Curve1 4 updatecycle 5 10000ms 5ms 150ms mA input measurement update cycle For fast operation a lower setting should b...

Page 266: ...r input in the setup phase of the function CTS function utilizes total of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Also the operating mode of the CTS can be changed by setting group selection The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics and output processing For the CTS function ala...

Page 267: ...surement of phase L1 A current 5 ms IL2RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5 ms IL3RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5 ms I01RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I01 5 ms I02RMS Fundamental RMS measurement of residual input I02 5 ms I1 Phase currents positive sequence component 5 ms I2 Phase currents negative sequence component 5 ms IL1Ang Fundame...

Page 268: ...urement This setting limit de nes the lower limit for the phase current pick up element If this condition is met it is considered as one trigger for the CTS activation Iset Ratio 0 01 100 00 0 01 10 00 Pick up ratio threshold for phase current min and max values This condition has to be met in order CTS is activated I2 I1 ratio 0 01 100 00 0 01 49 00 Pick up ratio threshold for Negative sequence P...

Page 269: ...system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics This function supports de nite time delay DT For detailed information on this delay type refer to chapter General properties of a protection function Typical CTS cases In following gures are presented few typical cases of CTS situat...

Page 270: ...ystem in case when primary circuit fault is found in phase L1 wiring Distinction in between primary and secondary fault in this case is impossible However the situation meets the CTS conditions and as well as in the secondary circuit fault the CTS will issue alarm if this state continues until the set time has been spent This means that the CTS do not supervise only the secondary circuit but also ...

Page 271: ...ng Figure 5 6 1 168 System in case of low current and heavy unbalance If all of the measured phases magnitudes are below the Iset Lowlimit setting the CTS is not activated even the unbalance and other conditions are met By adjusting the Iset Highlimit and Iset Lowlimit setting parameters according to the application normal behavior the operation of the CTS can be set to very sensitive for broken c...

Page 272: ...d against each other and the wiring condition can be veri ed Figure 5 6 1 170 System in case when secondary phase current wiring is broken When phase current wire is broken all of the conditions are met in the CTS and alarm shall be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 271 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 273: ...ing Isum difference should be set according to the application to reach maximum security and sensitivity for the network earthing Events and registers The CTS function generates events and registers from the status changes of the ALARM activated and blocked signals To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages Function includes 12 last registers where the triggering event of...

Page 274: ...it of the voltage transformer This signal is mostly used as alarming function or to disable functions that require adequate voltage measurement Measured input values The function block uses analog voltage measurement values Function uses the fundamental frequency magnitude of the voltage measurement inputs and calculated positive negative and zero sequence currents Table 5 6 2 222 Analogic magnitu...

Page 275: ...t value function will pick up Line Fuse fail check No Yes Yes Selection if the state of the line fuse will be supervised The supervised signal is determined in IOà Fuse Failure Inputs Bus Fuse fail check No Yes Yes Selection if the state of the bus fuse will be supervised The supervised signal is determined in IOà Fuse Failure Inputs The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to ...

Page 276: ...rom the status changes of the ALARM activated and blocked signals To main event buffer is possible to select status On or Off messages In the function is available 12 last registers where the triggering event of the function ALARM activated or blocked is recorded with time stamp and process data values Table 5 6 2 224 Event codes of VTS function Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Co...

Page 277: ... supported simultaneously Possible analog channels vary according the IED type All analog channels are presented below Table 5 6 3 226 Analogue recording channels can be chosen between channels represented in table below Availability of signals depend on the hardware if the IED Signal Description Sample rate IL1 Phase current IL1 8 16 32 64s c IL2 Phase current IL2 8 16 32 64s c IL3 Phase current ...

Page 278: ...ffect to the recording size For example in case that analogue channels IL1 IL2 IL3 I01 UL1 UL2 UL3 and U0 are selected sample rate is 64 s c and recording length is set to 1 0 seconds the IED has memory for 623 recordings Table 5 6 3 227 Disturbance recorder setting table is presented below Name Range Step Default Description Recorder enabled 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 1 Enabled Enables Disabled recorde...

Page 279: ...ls from the Digital recording channels list for possible recorder inputs Notice that disturbance recorder is not ready unless the Max length of recording is showing some value other than zero At least one trigger input has to be selected to Recorder Trigger menu to ful ll this term Events Disturbance recorder generates an event each time when it is triggered either manually or by using dedicated s...

Page 280: ...folder is described in Tools Settings DR path AQviewer is launched from Disturbance recorder menu as well How to estimate the max length of total recording time When the disturbance recorder settings have been made and loaded into IED disturbance recorder function will display the total length of recording in seconds it is possible to record Though if needed it is also possible to con rm the lengt...

Page 281: ...alog channels are used and 2 digital channels are recorded the result is the following Total sample reserve 16076647 is derived from the knowledge that one sample is always 4 bytes and the DR can use 64306588 bytes total amount of bytes available divided by size of one sample in bytes AQviewer Disturbance recordings can be opened by choosing open folder icon or by going to File Open Recordings are...

Page 282: ...IL1 IL2 and IL3 are selected 2 To have another plotter choose blue plus key icon that can be found on top Note Add Plotter text appears when moving mouse cursor is on top of the icon In this example line to neutral voltages UL1 Ul2 and UL3 are selected and moved to the right side Con rm plotter by pressing OK key AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 281 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 283: ...se to create area how you want to zoom in Zooming in and out is possible by using vertical and horizontal and icons as well It is possible to reset zooming by pressing corresponding icon in the middle 3 Zoom amplitude of individual plotters by holding down shift and scrolling mouse wheel up and down Scroll time by holding down Ctrl and scrolling mouse wheel up and down 4 Toggle between primary P a...

Page 284: ...o a relay must be established via AQtivate software and live edit mode must be enabled for the measurement recorder to be able to activate Navigate to measurement recorder through Tools Measurement recorder Recording interval can be changed from the Interval combo box It is possible to choose if the measurements are recorded in AQtivate or in the relay with Record in dropdown box If you have chose...

Page 285: ...Energy MWh Pri Res Curr I02 Pha angle I L3 L2 Exp Active Energy kWh Pri Calc I0 Res Curr angle I 01 L2 Imp Active Energy MWh Pha Curr IL1 TRMS Pri Res Curr angle I 02 L2 Imp Active Energy kWh Pha Curr IL2 TRMS Pri Calc I 0 angle L2 Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Pha Curr IL3 TRMS Pri I Pos Seq Curr angle L2 Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Pri Pos Seq Curr I Neg Seq Curr angle L2 Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pri Neg...

Page 286: ...Pos Seq Curr U4Volt p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal Mvarh Neg Seq Curr U1Volt TRMS p u L3 Exp Imp React Ind E bal kvarh Zero Seq Curr U2Volt TRMS p u Exp Active Energy MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS U3Volt p u Exp Active Energy kWh Res Curr I02 TRMS U4Volt p u Imp Active Energy MWh Pha L1 ampl THD Pos Seq Volt p u Imp Active Energy kWh Pha L2 ampl THD Neg Seq Volt p u Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Pha L3 ampl T...

Page 287: ...L31 ang S3 Measurement I Pri Zero Seq Curr System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res Curr I 01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res Curr I 02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L1 System Volt U0 ang S7 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L2 System Volt U1 ang S8 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L3 System Volt U2 ang S9 Measurement Sec Res Curr I 01 System Volt U3 ang S10 Measureme...

Page 288: ...p E kvarh Curve4 Input Res I 01 pow THD L1 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Curve4 Output Res I 02 ampl THD L1 Imp React Cap E kvarh Control mode Res I 02 pow THD L1 Exp Imp React Cap E bal Mvarh Motor status P P Curr I L1 L1 Exp Imp React Cap E bal kvarh Active setting group P P Curr I L2 L1 Exp React Ind E Mvarh L1 Exp React Ind E kvarh 5 6 5 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW Circuit breaker wear CBW functi...

Page 289: ...c inputs for the function which are changed only by user input in the setup phase of the function Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and binary output signals Function output signals can be used for direct IO controlling and also for user logic programming The function registers its operation into 12 last time stamped registers and also...

Page 290: ...2 Imax 0 00 100 00kA 0 01kA 20 00kA Rated short circuit breaking current rms Operations Imax 0 200000Op 1Op 100Op Interrupting life operations at rated breaking current Open Pick up characteristics for alarming For the alarm stages Alarm 1 and Alarm 2 can be set pick up level for the remaining operations left The pick up setting is common for all phases and the alarm stage shall pick up if any of ...

Page 291: ...alue Current 1 Inom 0 80 kA Operation 1 Inom 30000 Op Current 2 Imax 16 00 kA Operations 2 Imax 100 Op Enable Alarm 1 1 Enabled Alarm 1 Set 1000 operations Enable Alarm 2 1 Enabled AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 290 ...

Page 292: ...parately Table 5 6 5 234 Register content Date Time Event code Trigger current All Op ITrg Deduct Op Op Left dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 3713 3717 Descr Phase currents on trigger time Allowed operations with trigger current Deducted operations from the cumulative sum Operations left 5 6 6 Fault locator 21FL X km Fault locator is used for recording an estimated distance to the point where fault has occ...

Page 293: ...from the available options See the tables below Table 5 6 6 236 Pick up characteristics setting Name Description Range Step Default Trigger current Affects to the decision which impedance loop is recorded or if anything is recorded at all See table below 0 0xIn 0 1xIn 1xIn Reactance per km Used to calculate the distance to fault 0 000 5 000ohm km 0 001ohm km 0 125ohm km Table 5 6 6 237 Current con...

Page 294: ...t Fault distance Setting group in use dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2752 2755 Descr L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 L1 L1 N L2 N L3 N L1 L2 L3 Not detected Forward Reverse In Ohms In per unit value In primary value In km SG 1 8 5 6 7 Total harmonic distortion monitor THD Total harmonic distortion monitor function THD is used for monitoring the current harmonic content THD is a measurement of the harmonic distortion pres...

Page 295: ...of eight separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The operational logic consists of input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics and output processing Inputs for the function are setting parameters and measured and pre processed current magnitudes and binary input signals Function outputs THD Alarm act and BLOCKED signals...

Page 296: ...e 2 Powers 1 Amplitude Pick up characteristics Pick up and activation of the THD function alarm is controlled by IsetPh IsetI01 and IsetI02 pick up setting parameters which de nes the maximum allowed measured current THD before action from the function In order to have alarm signals activated from the function the corresponding pick up element needs to be activated by the Enable PH Enable I01 and ...

Page 297: ...software switch signal when relay common and global testing mode is activated User settable variables are binary signals from the system Blocking signal needs to reach the IED minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passedfor blocking to be active in time Operating time characteristics for activation and reset The operating timers behavior of the function can be set for activation and t...

Page 298: ...example application for this function is to record fault currents or voltages at the time of tripping the breaker but it can be used also to record the values from any user set trigger signal Value recorder is capable of recording either per unit value or primary value which is user settable Optionally it is possible to set the function to record the overcurrent or voltage fault type The function ...

Page 299: ...Mag Magnitudes of phase voltages phase to phase voltages and residual voltages U1 Pos seq V mag U2 Neg seq V mag Positive and negative sequence voltages UL1Ang UL2Ang UL3Ang UL12Ang UL23Ang UL31Ang U0Ang U0CalcAng Angles of phase voltages phase to phase voltages and residual voltages U1 Pos seq V Ang U2 Neg seq V Ang Positive and negative sequence angles Powers Description S3PH P3PH Q3PH Three pha...

Page 300: ...tep Description Tripped stage 0 1 I Trip 2 I Trip 3 I Trip 4 I Trip 5 IDir Trip 6 IDir Trip 7 IDir Trip 8 IDir Trip 9 U Trip 10 U Trip 11 U Trip 12 U Trip 13 U Trip 14 U Trip 15 U Trip 16 U Trip Tripped stage Overcurrent fault type 0 1 A G 2 B G 3 A B 4 C G 5 A C 6 B C 7 A B C Overcurrent fault type Voltage fault type 0 1 A AB 2 B BC 3 A B AB BC 4 C CA 5 A C AB CA 6 B C BC CA 7 A B C Voltage fault...

Page 301: ...9984 156 VREC1 0 Recorder triggered On 9985 156 VREC1 1 Recorder triggered Off AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 300 ...

Page 302: ...sk Gateway 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 NTP Client Gateway NetworkStatus Messages Running IP error NM error GW error Displays the status or possible errors of NTP settings These are errors in the parameters mentioned above NTP quality for events No sync Synchronized Shows the status of the NTP time synchronization at the moment If other time synchronization method is used external serial this indicatio...

Page 303: ...0000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all power related measurements Impedance meas update interval 500 10000ms 5ms Measurement update interval of all impedance related measurements These parameters can be found in menu Measurement Measurement update These parameters do not affect to the operation time of protection functions These parameters only affect to the frequency of measurement reporti...

Page 304: ...For a list of available Logical Nodes in the Arcteq implementation browse the 61850 tree See following picture Figure 6 1 4 182 IEC 61850 tool buttons The available functions in the IEC 61850 tool are 1 Open an existing CID le from the PC hard drive 2 Save the CID le into the aqs currently open save the aqs le as well File Save to keep the changes 3 Save the CID le into the hard drive for later us...

Page 305: ... can be opened by pressing the 7th button It is possible to add and remove datasets with buttons When a dataset has been added it has to be assigned to an RCB with RCB button opens a new window It is possible to assign to Un buffered URCB s or Buffered reporting BRCB s All of these datasets can be edited By un checking both of the GOOSE publisher datasets GOOSE publisher service will be disabled S...

Page 306: ...e below Parameter Range Description IEC61850 enable Disabled Enabled Enable setting for IEC 61850 protocol IP port 0 65535 IP port used by IEC 61850 protocol Standard and default port is 102 Measurements dead band 0 01 10 00 Measurement data reporting dead band setting GOOSE subscriber enable Disabled Enabled Enable setting for GOOSE subscriber 6 1 5 GOOSE Both GOOSE publisher and subscriber are s...

Page 307: ...p ID which should be unique for the system Also confRev parameter is checked by the receiving part If VLAN switches are used to build sub networks the VLAN Priority and VLAN ID parameters must be set to match with the system speci cation Figure 6 1 5 186 Settings for both available GOOSE Publishing datasets GOOSE datasets de nes the data which will be sent by the GOOSE publisher Only binary data a...

Page 308: ...ters can be found in following table Parameter Range Description Slave address 1 65519 DNP3 slave address for the unit Master address 1 65519 DNP3 address setting for allowed master Link layer timeout 0 60000 ms Timeout of link layer Link layer retries 1 20 Number of link layer retries Application layer timeout 0 60000 ms Application layer timeout Application layer con rmation 0 No 1 Yes Applicati...

Page 309: ...ime measurements to communication Realtime signals to communication enables reporting measurements to SCADA that are not normally available in the communication protocols mapping Real time meas to comm reports the selected eight magnitudes Recorded value can be either per unit value or primary value which is user settable Outputs of the function are selected measured values Setting parameters are ...

Page 310: ...2 tan L3 Tan φ of three phase powers and phase powers cos 3PH cos L1 cos L2 cos L3 Cos φ of three phase powers and phase powers Impedances and admittances RL12 RL23 RL31 XL12 XL23 XL31 RL1 RL2 RL3 XL1 XL2 XL3 Z12 Z23 Z31 ZL1 ZL2 ZL3 Phase to phase Phase to neutral resistances reactances and impedances Z12Ang Z23Ang Z31Ang ZL1Ang ZL2Ang ZL3Ang Phase to phase Phase to neutral impedance angles Rseq X...

Page 311: ... 1 Activated Activation of the function Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes Selection between using secondary values or primary values Slot 1 8 Magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers 3 Imp ZRX Adm YGB 4 Others Selection of slots measured magnitude category Slot 1 8 Magnitude x Described in table above Selection of the magnitude in the previously selected category AQ F255 Instruc...

Page 312: ...7 Applications and connection examples 7 1 Connections AQ F255 Figure 7 1 187 AQ F255 variant without add on modules AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 311 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 313: ...Figure 7 1 188 AQ F255 variant with binary input and output modules AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 312 ...

Page 314: ...on example application with three lines to neutral voltages and zero sequence voltage connected Three phase currents and residual current are connected as well Binary inputs are connected for breaker status indication Binary outputs are used for breaker control AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 313 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 315: ...is chapter presents a connection example of an application with protection current transformers for just two phases Connection is suitable for both motor and feeder applications Figure 7 3 191 3 phase 3 wire ARON input connection AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 314 ...

Page 316: ...reaker is opened This leads to a need for resistor R which will reduce the current so that the coil is not energized and the relay output does not need to cut off the coils inductive current Notice that DI monitoring the circuit is used as normally closed Same applies with the used alarm relay if used In monitoring purposes and especially in trip circuit supervision it is recommended to use closed...

Page 317: ...ng of the size and type of the breaker When the breaker opens the auxiliary contacts will open the inductive circuit but the IED trip contact won t open at the same time IEDs output relay contact will open in 50ms or after con gured release delay due the breaker is open This means that the open coil is energized for a short moment even the breaker is already open Coil could be energized even momen...

Page 318: ... breaker is closed again While the circuit breaker is in open position the TCS alarm is blocked by using following logic scheme or similar TCS alarm is giving whenever the breaker is closed and inverted digital input signal TCS activates Normally closed digital input activates only when there is something wrong in the trip circuit and the auxiliary power goes off While the breaker is open the logi...

Page 319: ...ard con guration the IED includes combined CPU IO and Power supply module and separate voltage and current measurement modules In the gure below is presented non optioned model AQ X255 XXXXXXX AAAAAAAAAAA and partially optioned model AQ X255 XXXXXXX BBBBBCAAAAJ of the AQ X255 IED Figure 8 1 197 Modular construction of AQ X255 IED AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 318 ...

Page 320: ...e IED the module location shall affect to the naming of the IO The scanning order in the start up sequence is CPU module IO slot C slot E slot F and so on This means that the binary input channels DI1 DI2 and DI3 and also the binary output channels OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 and OUT5 are always located in the CPU module If more IO is installed the location of each type of card will have effect on the fou...

Page 321: ...m port 3 etc since in the CPU module already exist Comm ports 1 and 2 After communication port is detected it is added into the communication space in the IED and corresponding settings are enabled for the IED In the example case of AQ X255 XXXXXXX BBBBBCAAAAJ number of available binary input channels is DI1 DI43 of which DI1 DI3 are in the CPU module and DI4 DI11 are in Slot C etc All available b...

Page 322: ...ormally open closed selection Binary outputs control is settable from the software As standard binary outputs are controlled in 5 ms program cycle All output contacts are mechanical type Rated voltage of the NO CO outputs is 250VAC DC Auxiliary voltage shall be de ned in the ordering code of the device either H 85 265 VAC DC or L 18 75DC model power supplies are available Power supply minimum allo...

Page 323: ...dual current measurement I01 CTM 9 10 Fine residual current measurement I02 Basic ve channel current measure module includes three phase current measurement inputs and coarse and ne residual current inputs CT module is available with either standard or ring lug connectors Current measurement module is connected to secondary side of conventional current transformers CTs Nominal dimensioning current...

Page 324: ...VTs or directly to low voltage systems secured by fuses Nominal dimensioning voltage can be 100 400 V Voltages are calibrated in range of 0 240 V which provide 0 2 inaccuracy in same range Voltage input characteristics are as follows Measurement range Per channel 0 480 V Angle measurement accuracy less than 0 5 degrees within nominal range Frequency measurement range of the voltage inputs is in ra...

Page 325: ...the IED Properties of this binary input module provided inputs are the same as inputs in the CPU module Binary inputs have as standard current consumption of 2 mA when activated and the operating voltage range is from 0V to 265VAC DC with software settable activation release threshold and 1V resolution All binary inputs are scanned in 5 ms program cycle and they have software settable pick up and ...

Page 326: ...tus change from 0 to 1 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx Drop off time De nes the delay for status change from 1 to 0 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s DIx AC Mode Adds 30 ms deactivation delay to account for alternating current Release threshold parameter is hidden and forced to 10 of set activation parameter 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Digital input activation threshold can be set for each...

Page 327: ...tputs This module can be ordered directly as factory installed or it can be eld upgraded if needed after the rst installation of the IED Properties of binary outputs are the same as binary outputs in the CPU module Binary outputs controls are software settable by the user Binary outputs are controlled in 5 ms program cycle All output contacts are mechanical type Rated voltage of the NO CO outputs ...

Page 328: ...n t work Each channel can have up to three light sensors connected in series User can choose how many channels are used High speed outputs HSO1 and HSO2 operate only with DC supply Battery plus has to be wired according the drawing and output 1 or 2 NO side is wired trough trip coil to battery minus High speed output voltage withstand is up to 250VDC For further information see the technical data ...

Page 329: ...and 4 wire RTDs and thermocouple sensors Sensor type can be selected by software for two 4 channel groups Supported RTD sensors Pt100 Pt1000 Supported Thermocouple Type K Type J Type T and Type S Two mA input channels are also available in the option card If mA input channels are used only the four rst channels are available for RTD and TC measurements AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcte...

Page 330: ...re 8 8 207 Connection of different sensor types 8 9 Serial RS232 communication module option Figure 8 9 208 AQ 2xx Serial RS232 card connectors AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 329 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 331: ...RS 232 GND Serial based communications COM F Pin7 RS 232 TX Serial based communications COM F Pin8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin9 COM F Pin10 3 3V output spare Spare power source for external equipment 45mA COM F Pin11 Clock sync input Clock synchronization input IRIG B COM F Pin12 Clock sync GND Clock synchronization input IRIG B Option card includes two serial communication int...

Page 332: ...M D Communication port D LC ber connector 62 5 100mm or 50 125mm multimode glass Wavelength 1300nm Optional LC 100 Mbps Ethernet card supports HSR and PRP protocols according to IEC 61850 substation communication standard Card has IEEE1588 PIP clock sync functionality Card has two PRP HSR ports which are 100Mbps ber ports and can be con gured to 100Mbps or 10 Mbps AQ F255 Instruction manual Versio...

Page 333: ...re grouped in 2 galvanically isolated groups The option card also has one galvanically isolated mA input channel This module can be ordered directly as factory installed option or it can be eld upgraded if needed after the rst installation of the IED The mA Outputs are user settable in the mA Outputs control function 8 12 Installation dimensioning IED can be installed either to a standard 19 rack ...

Page 334: ...Figure 8 12 211 Dimensions of the IED Figure 8 12 212 Installation of the IED AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 333 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 335: ...Figure 8 12 213 Panel cut out and spacing of the IED AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 334 ...

Page 336: ...rgy measurement Frequency range 6 75 Hz Energy and power metering inaccuracy IEC 62053 22 class 0 5 S 50 60Hz as standard IEC 62053 22 class 0 2 S 50 60Hz option available See order code for details Figure 9 1 1 1 214 Energy and power metering accuracy in optional 0 2 S accuracy model See order code for details 9 1 1 2 Current measurement Table 9 1 1 2 258 Current measurement module Phase current ...

Page 337: ...quency measurement range from 6Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 5mA 150A rms Current measurement inaccuracy 0 002xIn 10xIn 0 5 or 3mA 10xIn 150xIn 0 5 Angle measurement inaccuracy 0 2 I 0 05A 1 0 I 0 05A Burden 50Hz 60Hz 0 1VA Transient overreach 5 Fine residual current input I02 Rated current In 0 2A con gurable 0 2A 10A Thermal withstand 25A continuous...

Page 338: ...ees 1 15V Voltage measurement bandwidth freq from 7Hz to 75Hz fundamental up to 31st harmonic voltage Terminal block Phoenix Contact PC 5 8 STCL1 7 62 Solid or stranded wire 6 mm2 Input impedance 24 5 24 6 Ohm Burder 50Hz 60Hz 0 02 VA Thermal withstand 630VRMS continuous Note Voltage measurement accuracy has been veri ed with 50Hz 60Hz Amplitude difference is 0 2 and angle difference 0 5 degrees h...

Page 339: ...ple 15 Terminal block connection Solid or stranded wire Phoenix Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 Maximum wire diameter 2 5mm2 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports Table 9 1 2 2 263 Front panel local communication port Port Port media Copper Ethernet RJ 45 Number of ports 1pcs Port protocols PC protocols FTP Telnet Features Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Cannot be used for system protocols only for lo...

Page 340: ...ary inputs Table 9 1 2 3 266 CPU model isolated binary inputs with thresholds de ned by order code Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 24 110 220V AC DC Pick up threshold Release threshold Order code de ned 19 90 170V Order code de ned 14 65 132V Scanning rate 5 ms Settings Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800s Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Current drain 2 mA Terminal bloc...

Page 341: ...s at 48VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1A 0 4A 0 2A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block contact Solid or stranded wire Phoenix Contact MSTB2 5 5 08 Maximum wire diameter 2 5mm2 9 1 3 Option cards 9 1 3 1 Binary input module Table 9 1 3 1 269 Binary input module technical data Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 5 265V AC DC Current drain 2 mA Sc...

Page 342: ...e 9 1 3 3 271 Arc protection module technical data Connections Input arc point sensor S1 S2 S3 S4 pressure and light or light only Performance Pick up light intensity 8000 25000 or 50000 Lux sensor selectable in order code Inaccuracy Point sensor detection radius 180 degrees Start and instant operating time light only Typically 5 ms dedicated semiconductor outputs Typically 10 ms regular output re...

Page 343: ...gnitudes 4 x mA output signal DC 1 x mA input signal DC mA input Range hardware Range measurement Inaccuracy 0 33 mA 0 24 mA 0 1 mA Update cycle Response time 5ms cycle Update cycle time inaccuracy 5 10000 ms setting step 5ms 15 ms 13 18ms max 20 ms above set cycle mA input scaling range Output scaling range 0 4000 mA 1000000 1000000 setting step 0 0001 mA output Inaccuracy 0 24 mA 0 01 mA Respons...

Page 344: ...dundant Table 9 1 3 7 277 LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module technical data Protocols Protocols HSR and PRP Sync IEEE1588 PIP clock sync Ports Quantity of ber ports 2 Communication port C D LC ber connector Wavelength 1300nm Con gurable to 10Mbps or 100Mbps Fiber cable 50 125μm or 62 5 125μm multimode glass 9 1 4 Display Table 9 1 4 278 HMI TFT display technical data Dimensions and resoluti...

Page 345: ...0 02 1800 00 s setting step 0 001 x parameter IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT Constant B IDMT Constant C IDMT Constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 20 ms 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Retardation time overshoot 25 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant op...

Page 346: ...50 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 20 ms 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Retardation time overshoot 25 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip Im Iset ratio 3 5 Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 5 50 ms typical 35 ms 55 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of pick up current setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset ti...

Page 347: ...atio 3 Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 40 ms typical 30 ms 50 ms Reset Reset ratio Current U1 I1 angle 97 of pick up current setting 2 0 Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 50 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms Note Minimum voltage for direction solving is 1 0 V secondary During three phase short circuits the angle memory is active for 0 5 seconds in case t...

Page 348: ...01 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 20 ms 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip Im Iset ratio 3 Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 50 ms typical 40 ms 65 ms Reset Current and voltage reset U0 I0 angle 97 of pick up current and voltage setting 2 0 Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 000 150...

Page 349: ... setting 0 01 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In I2pu 1 00 200 00 setting step 0 01 I2 I1 Minimum phase current least 1 phase above 0 01 2 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In Inaccuracy Starting I2pu Starting I2 I1 1 0 unit or 100 mA 0 10 4 0 x IN 1 0 unit or 100 mA 0 10 4 0 x IN Operating time De nite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy De nite Time Im Is...

Page 350: ...g for IDMT A IDMT Constant B IDMT Constant C IDMT Constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 20 ms 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip Im Iset ratio 1 05 50 ms Reset Reset ratio 95 of pick up setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset ti...

Page 351: ...5 DO or DI only 1 0 or 55 ms 15 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of pick up current setting Reset time 50 ms 9 2 1 9 Restricted earth fault Cable end differential 87N Iod Table 9 2 1 9 287 Restricted earth fault Cable end differential 87N technical data Input signals Input magnitudes Phase currents I01 I02 fundamental frequency RMS Calculated bias and residual differential currents Pick up Operating modes ...

Page 352: ...tant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 20 ms 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip Um Uset ratio 1 05 50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of pick up voltage setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 45 ms In...

Page 353: ...tting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 45 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms Note LV block is not in use when set to 0 Undervoltage is on trip stage if LV block is disabled and IED is without voltage injection After blocking condition under voltage stage won t trip unless voltage is higher than pick up setting rst 9 2 1 12 Neutral overvoltage ...

Page 354: ...ng 5 00 150 00 Un setting step 0 01 Un Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Low voltage block Pick up setting 1 00 80 00 Un setting step 0 01 Un Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Operation time De nite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy De nite Time Um Uset ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT operating time setting ANSI IEC 0 02 1800 00 s setting step 0...

Page 355: ... Im Iset ratio 50mHz TRACKING mode 70 ms max step size 100mHz 3 cycles or 60 ms max step size 100mHz Reset Reset ratio 0 020 Hz Instant reset time and start up reset Im Iset ratio 50mHz FIXED mode Im Iset ratio 50mHz TRACKING mode 110 ms max step size 100mHz 3 cycles or 70 ms max step size 100mHz Note Secondary voltage must be higher than 2 volts or current higher than 0 25 amperes peak to peak to...

Page 356: ...t fm fset ratio 50mHz 325 ms max step size 100mHz Note Frequency is measured 2 seconds after a signal is received 9 2 1 16 Line thermal overload 49L TF Table 9 2 1 16 294 Line thermal overload 49L technical data Inputs Input current magnitude Phase current TRMS max 31 harmonic Settings Time constants τ 1 Time constant value 0 0 500 00 min by step of 0 1 min Service factor max overloading 0 01 5 00...

Page 357: ...rt up reset 50 ms Note Voltage measurement starts from 0 5V and current measurement from 50mA In case either or both is missing the power measurement is forced to 0kW In case the settings allow low power block 0 kW the P might be on trip state during this condition Trip is released when voltage and current is started to measure When low power block is set to zero it is not in use Also power measur...

Page 358: ...put arc point sensors Sample based phase current measurement Sample based residual current measurement S1 S2 S3 S4 pressure and light or light only System frequency operating range 6 00 75 00 Hz Pick up Pick up current setting phase current Pick up current setting residual current Pick up light intensity 0 50 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 0 10 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In 8000 25000 or 50...

Page 359: ... OBJ Table 9 2 2 2 300 Object control OBJ technical data Signals Input signals Binary inputs Software signals Output signals Close command output Open command output Operation time Breaker traverse time setting 0 02 500 00 s setting step 0 02 s Max close open command pulse length 0 02 500 00 s setting step 0 02 s Control termination time out setting 0 02 500 00 s setting step 0 02 s Inaccuracy De ...

Page 360: ...Cold load pick up CLP technical data Input signals Input magnitudes Phase current fundamental freq RMS Pick up Pick up current setting I Low I High I Over 0 01 40 00 x In setting step 0 01 x In Reset ratio 97 103 of pick up current setting Inaccuracy Current 0 5 ISET or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 x ISET Operation time De nite time function operating time setting CLPU tset CLPU tmax CLPU tmin 0 000 1800 000 s ...

Page 361: ...SET or 0 3 UN 25 mHz U 30 V secondary 1 5 U 30 V secondary Reset Reset ratio Voltage Frequency Angle 99 of pick up voltage setting 20 mHz 2 0 Activation time Activation to LD DL DD Activation to Live Live 35 ms 60 ms Reset 40 ms Bypass modes Voltage check mode excluding LL LL LD LL DL LL DD LL LD DL LL LD DD LL DL DD bypass U live limit U dead limit 0 10 100 00 Un setting step 0 01 Un 0 00 100 00 ...

Page 362: ...t operation time alarm Im Iset ratio 1 05 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays Reset Reset ratio 97 103 of pick up current setting Instant reset time and start up reset 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays 9 2 3 2 Fuse failure VTS 60 Table 9 2 3 2 306 Fuse failure 60 technical data Input signals Measured magnitudes P P voltage fundamental frequency RMS P E voltage fundamental fre...

Page 363: ...gs according chosen signals and operation time setting combined 9 2 3 4 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW Table 9 2 3 4 308 Circuit breaker wear monitor CBW technical data Pick up Breaker characteristics settings Nominal breaking current Maximum breaking current Operations with nominal current Operations with maximum breaking current 0 00 100 00 kA by step of 0 001 kA 0 00 100 00 kA by step of 0 00...

Page 364: ...step 0 01 x In Inaccuracy Triggering 0 5 ISET or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 x ISET Reactance Reactance per kilometer 0 000 5 000 s setting step 0 001 ohm km Inaccuracy Reactance 5 0 Typically Operation Triggering Activation From trip signal of any protection stage Minimum operation time Least 0 040 s stage operation time required 9 2 3 7 Voltage memory integrated in 67 21G Table 9 2 3 7 311 Voltage memory tec...

Page 365: ... 11 30 1 000 MHz Immunity Electrostatic discharge ESD EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 2 Air discharge 15 kV Contact discharge 8 kV Fast transients EFT EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 4 Power supply input 4kV 5 50ns 5kHz Other inputs and outputs 4kV 5 50ns 5kHz Surge EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 5 Between wires 2 kV 1 2 50µs Between wire and earth 4 kV 1 2 50µs Radiated RF electromagnetic eld EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 3 ...

Page 366: ...le 9 3 316 Environmental conditions IP classes Casing protection degree IP54 front IP21 rear Temperature ranges Ambient service temperature range 35 70 C Transport and storage temperature range 40 70 C Other Altitude 2000m Overvoltage category III Pollution degree 2 Casing and package Table 9 3 317 Dimensions and weight Device Device dimensions W x H x D mm Casing height 208mm width 257mm depth 21...

Page 367: ...r module AQ 01A Light point sensor unit 8000 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01B Light point sensor unit 25000 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01C Light point sensor unit 50000 Lux threshold Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 366 ...

Page 368: ...nd light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd 25000 Lux threshold AQ 02C Pressure and light point sensor unit Max cable length 200m Arcteq Ltd 50000 Lux threshold AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 367 Arcteq Relays Ltd ...

Page 369: ... Wolf ntie 36 F 12 65200 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 URL url www arcteq email sales sales arcteq Technical support site https arcteq support landing Technical support 358 10 3221 388 EET 8 00 16 00 AQ F255 Instruction manual Version 2 00 Arcteq Relays Ltd 368 ...

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