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QuadTech 1865 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 75

Applications

Page 75 of 87

The 1865-11 Test Cell measures resistance and with unique formulas, the resistance can
be converted to surface and volume resistivity. The formulas required to convert from
measured resistance to resistivity are given in the ASTM D257 Standard. For the circular
or concentric electrode configuration, the resisitivity is calculated by:

g

P

=

effective perimeter of measuring electrode

=

R

s

=

dimension of space between electrodes 2 and 1

measured surface resistance in ohms

t

A

=

effective area of measuring electrode

=

R

v

=

average thickness of the specimen

measured volume resistance in ohms

Volume
Resistivity

=

ρ

v

t

R

v

=

A

Surface
Resistivity

=

ρ

s

g

R

s

=

P

Refer to ASTM D257 for formulas based on electrode configuration of the test cell.

3.3

Capacitor Insulation Resistance

3.3.1 General

The insulation resistance measurements of capacitors is different from that of resistors by
the fact that some consideration must be given to the charge and discharge currents.
Consideration should also be given to high value, low leakage capacitive devices relative
to dc resistance measurements. Inherent to some degree in all high resistance
measurement instrumentation is the inability to provide stable leakage measurements on
high value capacitors. This is due to the fact that a capacitive element is very ac sensitive
and the dc voltage applied to the device always contains a small percentage of low
frequency noise ripple. Measurements on pure resistive elements will tolerate a high
degree of ripple due to the voltage ratio measurements whereas a capacitor easily passes
the noise ripple. When this is amplified by the current amplifier of the measuring
instrument results can fluctuate and vary widely. To eliminate this in the 1865 two
resistance adapters are supplied which can be placed in series with the (-) unknown
(black) when measurements are made on the low current ranges (the 1M

Ω

, Hi Range

Adapter is recommended for ranges 1nA & 10nA and the 100k

Ω

, Lo Range Adapter for

ranges 100nA, 1nA & 10uA). This added resistance has negligible effect on the dc
measurement since its value is very small compared to the leakage resistance of the
unknown however it increases the ac input resistance to the current amplifier, reducing
the ac gain and thus minimizing the wide fluctuations. This added resistance will have an
effect on the charge time constant and is discussed briefly in paragraph 3.3.2 below.

WARNING

Capacitors being measured may be charged and contain lethal energy. Always make sure

the

CAUTION HIGH VOLTAGE

Indicator is OFF when connecting or disconnecting the

capacitor under test.

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Содержание 1865

Страница 1: ...this publication WARNING Potentially dangerous voltages may be present on front and rear panel terminals Follow all warnings in this manual when operating or servicing this instrument Dangerous energy...

Страница 2: ...Page 2 of 87...

Страница 3: ...4 3 Power Requirements 25 1 4 4 Safety Inspection 27 Operation Section 2 2 1 Terms and Conventions 29 2 2 Startup 29 2 3 Zeroing 30 2 4 Connection to Device Under Test 30 2 5 Measurement Procedure 32...

Страница 4: ...2 6 4 10 LCD Backlite 58 2 7 Input Output Interface 58 2 7 1 I O Interface 58 2 7 2 IEEE 488 Interface 60 2 7 3 Sample Program for National Instruments GPIB Card 65 2 7 4 Sample Program for IO Tech GP...

Страница 5: ...ent Modules 80 4 2 3 I2000 Instrument Options 81 Maintenance Calibration Section 5 5 1 General 83 5 2 Instrument Return 83 5 3 Routine Maintenance 83 5 3 1 Battery Replacement 84 5 3 2 Resetting of Ti...

Страница 6: ...Page 6 of 87...

Страница 7: ...s in the Product not approved by QuadTech shall void this warranty QuadTech shall not be liable for any indirect special or consequential damages even if notice has been given of the possibility of su...

Страница 8: ...Page 8 of 87...

Страница 9: ...rrent range in amperes Voltage Range 1 to 1000 Volts programmable in two ranges Voltage Accuracy 1 100V 1 of setting 1V 25mV resolution 100 1000V 1 of setting 2V 250mV resolution Output Voltage Impeda...

Страница 10: ...rd blue ground green Dimensions Bench with tilt back bail 133 4mm high x 444 5mm wide x 406 4mm deep 5 1 4 x 17 1 2 x 16 Weight Approximately 8 2 kg 18 lbs Net Approximately 11 8 kg 26 lbs Shipping En...

Страница 11: ...nstruction Manual 1 150073 Calibration Certificate 1 N A Accessories Options Available Item Quantity QuadTech P N IEEE 488 Interface factory installed 1 1865 01 3 5 Floppy Drive Option factory install...

Страница 12: ...Page 12 of 87...

Страница 13: ...manner this includes insulation on all wires and clips when the high voltage is applied and the red CAUTION HIGH VOLTAGE LED is lit 5 Before turning on the 1865 unit make sure the AC power cord is plu...

Страница 14: ...Page 14 of 87...

Страница 15: ...play of test results based on a preset limit A set of power up default test conditions are stored in the unit and are as set by the factory 1V test times zero until reprogrammed by the user Start up T...

Страница 16: ...cycle phases charge dwell measure and discharge and a pre stored set of test conditions are executed These test conditions can be DEFAULT those at power up set using menus or the operator can recall...

Страница 17: ...to apply high voltage to the device The High Voltage Indicator will remain on as long as a voltage is applied The measurement can be aborted at any time during the test cycle by pressing STOP 9 Initia...

Страница 18: ...ing name up to 8 characters under which these set of test conditions will be stored Press ENTER key to finalize storage of the setup conditions or if DEFAULT is selected one must answer Y or N to over...

Страница 19: ...1 To change displayed measurement results between Resistance Current or Pass Fail Press MENU key to select menu display Press Right or Left Arrow key to select I O Menu Press Up or Down Arrow key to...

Страница 20: ......

Страница 21: ...materials It is also used for measurements on capacitors transformers switches cables and connectors The 1865 provides a direct readout of resistance from 1000 to 1000T with fully automatic ranging Th...

Страница 22: ...st DUT 1a GROUND Green Sheathed Banana Plug Ground Terminal for jumper of Input Terminal or Guard Input to Chassis GND 1b Red Sheathed Banana Plug High Voltage Terminal for connection to DUT 1c Black...

Страница 23: ...rement results High Density HD 1 44M or Low Density LD 720k compatible floppy drive Floppies should be double sided and formatted for DOS compatibility 11 STOP Red Push Button To stop the measurement...

Страница 24: ...s Table 1 2 Rear Panel Connectors and Controls Reference Number Figure 1 2 Name Type Function 1 AC Inlet Module Black 3 Prong Receptacle Fuse Drawer 3 wire connection for AC power source 90 250V AC T2...

Страница 25: ...ide of center This means that for bench operation the front bail should always be used to angle the instrument up and for rack installation it should be mounted at eye level or higher 1 4 3 Power Requ...

Страница 26: ...e the clear fuse tray from the drawer by lifting upward slightly on the long narrow locking tab This will allow the fuse tray to be removed from the fuse draw This tray contains the active fuse secure...

Страница 27: ...provided with connection to protective earth ground When the 1865 instrument is used in a rack installation using the QuadTech 1865 50 Rack Mount Kit make sure the unit is secured using the cabinet mo...

Страница 28: ......

Страница 29: ...k to make sure the line voltage indicator on the rear panel AC inlet module agrees with the AC power source available if not refer to paragraph 1 5 3 Connect the instrument power cord to the source of...

Страница 30: ...to paragraph 2 6 4 3 2 4 Connection to Device Under Test Figure 2 1 illustrates the front panel input terminals and a basic block diagram of their function QuadTech 1865 Megohmmeter IR Tester GUARD G...

Страница 31: ...ed Connection The two wire grounded measurement is a common type of connection to be used on the 1865 This is the recommended connection on grounded components or components that are some physical dis...

Страница 32: ...Connection Grounded or Ungrounded 2 5 Measurement Procedure 2 5 1 General There are two basic measurement modes of operation auto and manual In the automatic mode the test cycle is sequenced automatic...

Страница 33: ...e factory default 2 5 2 Default Measurement Conditions A set of default measurement conditions are initially established at the factory and stored in instrument memory Default conditions are those tha...

Страница 34: ...her case a test cycle is sequenced automatically Figure 2 5 once START is pressed and results displayed Figure 2 6 When a test limit is entered a PASS FAIL can be displayed in place of the actual meas...

Страница 35: ...nt Parameter Resistance or Current Fullscale Measurement Range A denotes autorange Pass Fail Limit Measurement Units Engineering or Scientific Keypad Disabled can indicate REMOTE or LOCKOUT Figure 2 6...

Страница 36: ...r Off Discharge t MANUAL MEASUREMENT MODE START STOP Manually Controlled STOP Note A single measurement will be made in the measure phase each time START is pressed Figure 2 8 Test Cycle Sequence Manu...

Страница 37: ...2 1 Voltage e Charge Time 10 Setup 10 10 10 Dwell Time Measure Time Discharge Time Mode Auto Manual Voltage I O Utilities Range Limit 1000 100 e 9 Stop on Pass 0 to Average 0 Figure 2 10 Test Voltage...

Страница 38: ...ossibility exists that full charge voltage may not be reached at the start of the measurement phase if the DUT has a long time constant NOTE For low voltage measurements 5V a minimum charge time of 2...

Страница 39: ...ement Mode Selection Allows selection from two different modes of operation Auto or Manual measurement In Auto the user presses START to initiate the entire test cycle automatically The first phase of...

Страница 40: ...unit should generally be left in AUTO There may be an exception to this when repetitive measurements are to be made on a known range and there is a desire to reduce test time by eliminating range swi...

Страница 41: ...unknown resistance the input resistance of the instrument 5k must be taken into consideration For further discussion of this refer to Display Type in 2 6 3 1 The measurement range capability is repre...

Страница 42: ...e 1 10 100 1000 1 00E 03 1 00E 04 1 00E 05 1 00E 06 1 00E 07 1 00E 08 1 00E 09 1 00E 10 1 00E 11 1 00E 12 1 00E 13 1 00E 14 C h a r g e V o l t a g e 100 uA 10 uA 1 uA 100 nA 10 nA 1 nA 1 mA 1k 1M 1G...

Страница 43: ...when enabled When the 1865 instrument is in the resistance mode the limit is a minimum value i e any value above the limit will result in a Pass whereas a value below the limit will result in a Fail T...

Страница 44: ...hen displayed The sixth measurement is averaged with the last four and the first ignored this continues until the user specified measurement time is complete When Stop on Pass is in effect n measureme...

Страница 45: ...pe Display Resistance Current Pass Fail Setup I O Utilities No Display Figure 2 17 Measurement Display Allows selection from four different modes of measurement display Resistance Current Pass Fail or...

Страница 46: ...SCI and ENG for scientific or engineering units Scientific units are expressed as an exponent and engineering units are expressed in ohms for resistance and amps for current For example e6 in scientif...

Страница 47: ...3 milli m 000001 10 6 micro 000000001 10 9 nano n 000000000001 10 12 pico p 000000000000001 10 15 femto f 2 6 3 3 RS 232 Setup Utilities RS 232 12 24 48 96 Parity None Even Odd Data Bits 7 8 Stop Bits...

Страница 48: ...controller or computer to manage data flow The handshake routine assures that the active talker proceeds slowly enough for the slowest listener 2 6 3 5 Handler Allows user to turn Handler Interface fu...

Страница 49: ...The measurement results one for each complete measurement cycle are stored as a DOS text file under its assigned identifying number up to 8 characters with an extension of 65R The test setup condition...

Страница 50: ...contains no pass fail result thus the string is fewer characters The same is true with header information multiple headers different test conditions will consume more memory Whatever the case a blank...

Страница 51: ...floppy drive option is present or recorded on paper when this option is not present NOTE Setup conditions stored internally or on floppy disk using earlier software are not compatible with version 2 0...

Страница 52: ...e When there are more setups than can fit on the display the page down key is active If there is less than a whole page below the display wraps around to the previous display Continuing to page down w...

Страница 53: ...stored in internal memory Figure 2 22 The number of setups saved to floppy must be limited to no more than 40 Saving more than 40 setups can result in memory overwriting false error messages or instr...

Страница 54: ...commended at the start of each work day or more often if leads fixture or test configuration to the DUT is changed Zeroing should also be performed anytime the test voltage is changed which also inclu...

Страница 55: ...entered again for verification testing can begin by pressing START or the password cleared or changed by selecting MENU HIT MENU KEY TO ENTER PASSWORD AND TO RETURN TO THE MENU OR HIT THE START KEY TO...

Страница 56: ...me Allows resetting of time and date into unit memory This is used as the basis for the elapsed time counter and stored calibration date T time is entered in HOURS up to 2 digits 0 through 23 MINUTES...

Страница 57: ...HIT MENU KEY TO CONTINUE THE TOTAL OPERATING TIME FOR THIS INSTRUMENT IS 1205 50 hours Figure 2 29 Display of Elapsed Time 2 6 4 8 Calibration Date When selected indicates date the unit was last cali...

Страница 58: ...Adjustment 2 6 4 10 LCD Backlite Allows the backlite on the LCD display to be turned ON or OFF Turning the backlite off when it is not necessary or if the display is not in use will prolong the life...

Страница 59: ...feature primarily for use with external fixtures i e operation of the 1865 instrument can be disabled until the cover of the fixture is closed To enable the interlock function pin 31 must be connecte...

Страница 60: ...currents can damage the instrument Pin 34 is connected to the input of the optical isolator through a 620 current limiting resistor Pin 35 is connected to the side of the optical isolator Recommended...

Страница 61: ...escent state SRQ 10 Service Request Low state a talker or listener signals to the controller need for attention in the midst of the current sequence of events REN 17 Remote Enable Low state enables ea...

Страница 62: ...et the voltage to value 0000 000 TCHarge value Set the charge time to value 000 TDWell value Set the dwell time to value 000 TMEasure value Set the measure time to value 000 TDIScharge value Set the d...

Страница 63: ...eter is selected as current Pass can also be Fail or neither if no limit is entered IDN Returns instrument identification QuadTech 1865 0 software version START Initiates a measurement in Auto mode in...

Страница 64: ...open circuit correction for range 6 21 The open circuit correction for range 7 Command Function Parameters RST Reset This command performs a device reset CLS Clear Status This command clears status da...

Страница 65: ...IBWRT qt1865 SET send string to 1865 SET CONF tch 0 1865 setup string CALL IBWRT qt1865 SET send string to 1865 SET CONF tdis 0 1865 setup string CALL IBWRT qt1865 SET send string to 1865 SET CONF fre...

Страница 66: ...identification is id INPUT 2 id PRINT Instrument identification is id INPUT 2 id PRINT Serial number is id INPUT 2 id PRINT Software revision is id PRINT 1 output 04 syst Dcal PRINT 1 enter 04 INPUT 2...

Страница 67: ...requires five lines receive data transmit data data terminal ready data set ready and signal ground With some controllers additional signals maybe required and are listed in Table 2 6 Refer to Figure...

Страница 68: ...3 6 7 20 Transmit data Receive data Data set ready Signal ground Data terminal ready Figure 2 34 RS 232 Cable Configurations 2 7 6 Sample Program for RS 232 OPEN com1 9600 n 8 1 rs FOR RANDOM AS 2 so...

Страница 69: ...t of the string y x LOC 2 DO WHILE x y y x FOR j 1 TO 300 NEXT j x LOC 2 LOOP RETURN 2 7 7 Results to Printer The 1865 can be setup to output to an RS 232 or IEEE printer Results format is the same as...

Страница 70: ...PY Stored setup lost or corrupt cyclic redundancy check DISK WRITE PROTECT ERROR Floppy disk is write protected ELAPSED TIME ERROR SET TO 0 Elapsed time is incorrect and has been set to zero battery f...

Страница 71: ...alfunction during power up REBOOT LIMIT INVALID SET TO NONE No limit is accepted out of range or invalid LOW BATTERY VOLTAGE Memory backup battery low voltage setups and instrument zero could be lost...

Страница 72: ...figure unit use CONFigure SHUT THE POWER OFF Malfunction of high voltage source TIME DATE ERROR PLEASE SET Reset time and date UNABLE TO READ FROM FLOPPY Floppy option not present defective or disk no...

Страница 73: ...with low insulation resistance might not breakdown during a voltage test Factors that affect insulation resistance measurements include such things as temperature humidity previous conditioning test v...

Страница 74: ...ess 8mm Max Sample Size 100mm x 100mm Bottom Electrode 50mm Inner Ring Electrode 70mm Outer Ring Electrode 80mm 1865 11 Surface Plate Sample Test Fixture Function Switch Push Button Open Close Fixture...

Страница 75: ...stable leakage measurements on high value capacitors This is due to the fact that a capacitive element is very ac sensitive and the dc voltage applied to the device always contains a small percentage...

Страница 76: ...e of 250k the charge time will be increased by a factor of 0 4 and 4 respectively 3 3 3 Discharge Time The time constant for discharging a capacitor in the discharge phase is determined by the value o...

Страница 77: ...5 where the instrument basic accuracy of 0 5 is adequate For single component resistors a two terminal connection UNKNOWN and UNKNOWN is recommended 3 5 Measurement of Voltage Coefficient The 1865 ins...

Страница 78: ...ed across the voltage source and has no effect if it is greater than 1 25M As long as RB is greater than RS standard range resistor the error caused by RB is minimized thus if there is a choice its be...

Страница 79: ...r option boards stacked on it if either or both options are present Power Supply Module The standard I2000 power supply provides 5V which supplies power to most of the instruments basic boards modules...

Страница 80: ...n This is the main board in the instrument compartment to the left of the power supply modules all other boards are mounted to it A brief description on the operation of the measurement detector is as...

Страница 81: ...d order of these two is not important but dependent on which option was installed last Connection to the IEEE 488 connector on the rear panel is made by an interconnecting cable Floppy Drive The 3 5 f...

Страница 82: ......

Страница 83: ...aterial authorization RMA It will be necessary to include a Purchase Order Number to insure expedient processing although units found to be in warranty will be repaired at no charge For any questions...

Страница 84: ...t mode If the batteries are removed with the power off there would be no power to the non volatile memory and important data such as stored test conditions would be lost 2 Place a flat head screwdrive...

Страница 85: ...ave been reset press MENU to return to the menu display 6 Press Up or Down Arrow key to select Zero 7 Press ENTER key to activate the Zero routine and follow instructions on the instrument display 8 O...

Страница 86: ...ment and standards are available Requirements for Re calibration Temperature stabilized room at 23 degrees C 73 4 F Precision Digital Voltmeter 0 01 accuracy with calibration traceable to NIST 1 Megoh...

Страница 87: ...nd press START 5 Enter the precise known value of the 1 Mohm standard and again press ENTER 6 Remove the short and connect the standard between the and terminals 7 When START is pressed a calibration...

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