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Chapter 7: Sample Test Topologies

Sample Devices and Networks to Test

70

SmartBits System Reference

Sample Devices and Networks to Test

Applications available to set up and test cable modem systems:

•

SmartCable Modem Test (SCMT)

for pre-canned applications.

•

SmartWindow

for a customized virtual front panel application.

•

SmartLib

for a programming library.

Testing Cable Modems

Cable modem testing uses SmartMetrics cards and takes advantage to USB as an emerging
transport media for connecting to broadband access technologies. The ML-5710A is a
SmartMetrics SmartCard that has one 10 Mbps Ethernet (RJ-45) and one USB (series A)
port. The USB port enables you to simulate full-field testing conditions of cable modem
systems.

In addition, an ML-7710 SmartCard is used to capture, count, and compare Ethernet
frames that are reassembled by the Head End router.

Refer to the

SmartWindow User Guide,

for detailed information regarding applicable tests

and features.

Testing Frame Relay Switches

Applications available to set up and test frame relay switches:

•

SmartWindow

for a customized virtual front panel application.

•

SmartLib

for a programming library.

•

SmartApplications

for automated RFC-1242 testing.

Frame Relay testing uses the WAN SmartCards in the SmartBits 200 or 2000 chassis.

The Frame Relay switch is designed to support data in bursts and at high speeds in a bi-
directional, conversational method of communication. The switch operates primarily on
Layers 1 and 2 of the network model, and works via a

virtual circuit connection

, in that

dynamic links act like a pipe for moving traffic.

There are three types of virtual circuits:

•

Switched (SVC).

The SVC is similar to voice connections made through the

telephone network: when the network receives a connection request, it sets one up,
data is sent, and then the call is terminated.

•

Permanent (PVC).

The PVC is a point-to-point connection that is similar to a leased

data line. It is dedicated and used over long periods of time.

•

Multicast (MVC).

The MVC is a connection between groups of users, who can use

both SVCs and PVCs.

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Summary of Contents for SmartBits System

Page 1: ...P N 340 1087 001 REV A SmartBits Performance Analysis System SmartBits System Reference February 2001 ...

Page 2: ...ed or replaced or a credit issued to recipient s account for an amount equal to the price paid for such Product provided that a such Product is returned to Spirent Communications after first obtaining a return authorization number and shipping instructions freight prepaid to Spirent Communications location in the United States b recipient provide a written explanation of the defect claimed and c t...

Page 3: ...ntation Updates 9 Training Classes Seminars and Consulting Services 9 Technology Papers Articles and Application Notes 11 Spirent Communications US Government Solutions 11 Websites of Industry Lab Partners 11 Chapter 2 System Architecture 13 SmartBits Chassis Models and Cards 14 SmartBits 200 15 SmartBits 2000 15 SmartBits 10 16 SmartBits 600 16 SmartBits 6000B 16 Summary of SmartBits Software 17 ...

Page 4: ...ding Cards to a SmartBits Chassis 40 Converting the SmartBits Chassis 40 Changing Chassis Timeout 41 Changing Chassis Fuses 41 Chapter 5 Core Software Applications 43 Overview of Core Applications 44 SmartWindow 45 SmartLib 47 SmartApplications 48 Chapter 6 Optional Applications 51 Special Feature Support 52 Required Firmware Versions 52 Local Multiple Chassis Applications 53 Remote Multiple Chass...

Page 5: ...Mbps Cards 86 Feature Summary of Gigabit Cards 91 SmartCards and Modules 94 LEDs on Ethernet SmartCards modules 94 GX Series SmartCards 96 LAN Series Modules 98 LAN 3100A and LAN 3200A Series Modules 98 LAN 3101A Modules 100 LAN 3111A Module 101 LAN 3201x Series Modules 104 LAN 3300 Series Modules 106 LAN 3710A Module 108 ML Series SmartCards 110 ML 5710A SmartCard 110 ML 7710 7711 SmartCards 111 ...

Page 6: ...meters 158 ATM ARP Parameters 159 ATM Line Parameters 160 Chapter 12 WAN Cards 163 WAN Applications 164 Feature Summary of WAN Cards 165 WAN LEDs 166 WN 3405 WN 3415 WN 3420A SmartCards 168 WN 3441A WN 3442A WN 3445A SmartCards 169 Chapter 13 Token Ring Cards 171 Token Ring Applications 172 Token Ring LEDs 173 Token Ring Counters 174 TR 8405 Token Ring 4 16Mbps SmartCard 175 Token Ring Operational...

Page 7: ... Connectors 221 Ethernet Cables 222 Ethernet Connectors 223 POS Connectors 226 Fiber Optic Cable Signals 227 Multi mode SC Duplex to SC Duplex 227 Single mode SC Duplex to SC Duplex 228 SmartBits to GPS Receiver Interface 229 Appendix F SMB 200 2000 Cables and Connectors 231 Ethernet Cables 232 Ethernet Connectors 233 Token Ring Cable and Connector 238 WAN Cables and Connectors 239 ATM Cables and ...

Page 8: ...viii SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 9: ...stem Reference 1 About This Guide In this section This portion of the user guide contains the following topics Purpose 2 Audience 2 Manual Content 2 Conventions 4 Related Manuals 5 Online Help 5 How to Contact Us 6 ...

Page 10: ...re Detailed information on SmartBits chassis software applications traffic generation and performance analysis Chapter 3 Multiple Users Accessing a Chassis Explains how to access a chassis including multi user requirements operation and features Chapter 4 Maintenance and Upgrade Procedures Provides maintenance and upgrade procedures including downloading firmware adding SmartCards modules changing...

Page 11: ...s and Standards supported by SmartBits applications Appendix C Certifications and EMI Compliance Describes safety and emission standards FCC statement and EC requirements Appendix B Auto Negotiation Defines auto negotiation as performed by SmartBits systems and SmartCards modules Appendix D ToS Parameters Describes type of service values Appendix E SMB 600 6000B Cables and Connectors Describes the...

Page 12: ...interchangeably in this guide Text you enter or input is shown in Courier Directory and file names are shown in Helvetica The terms packet and frame are used interchangeably The terms SmartCard and card refer to the circuit boards used with the SMB 200 2000 chassis The term module refers to the circuit boards used with the SMB 600 6000B chassis Notes cautions and other important user information a...

Page 13: ... a first time installation SmartBits 600 6000B Installation Guide Describes how to set up the IP address of a SMB 600 or SMB 6000B chassis and perform a first time installation User guides supplied with both core and optional software applications Online Help In each Product Name GUI application you can access online Help in two ways Press the F1 key in the window about which you wish information ...

Page 14: ... Support Department using any of the following methods Phone 1 800 886 8842 available in the U S and Canada 1 818 676 2589 Fax 1 818 880 9154 E mail smartbits support spirentcom com In addition the latest versions of application Help files application notes and software and firmware updates are available on our website at http www spirentcom com Company Address Spirent Communications of Calabasas ...

Page 15: ...SmartBits System Reference 7 In this chapter SmartBits Documentation 8 Spirent Communications Website Resources 9 Documentation and Website Overview 1 ...

Page 16: ...lation and trouble shooting procedures for SMB 600 6000B chassis SmartWindow User Guide Describes how to use SmartWindow a versatile GUI designed for custom testing SmartApplications User Guide Describes how to use SmartApplications a set of automated tests based on RFC 1242 and RFC 2544 SmartApplications API Manual Explains how to use the SmartApplications API software a set of canned scripts use...

Page 17: ... If you have SmartBits products and wish to upgrade your version or obtain the latest firmware release contact Spirent Communications Technical Support for the necessary passwords and then download the desired files directly from our website Training Classes Seminars and Consulting Services Spirent Communications offers a variety of technology based and product specific courses and seminars Consul...

Page 18: ...rvice providers and major enterprises Broadband Test and Analysis Includes information on xDSL Cable Modem and ATM Voice over IP Explains voice over IP technology and introduces the SmartVoIPQoS product SmartConsulting Expert technical consultants are available and offer specialized assistance in performing tests and analyzing the data to get optimum results from your equipment or network SmartCon...

Page 19: ...ge Area Networks SANs Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS Performance Analysis GX 1420B Most Innovative Award InternetWeek SmartVoIPQoS Internet Telephony Product of the Year Feature on VoIP and the performance of data quality Quality of Service QoS TeraMetrics Best of Show Award at Networld Interop Spirent Communications US Government Solutions Spirent Communications is pleased to announce product...

Page 20: ...on and Website Overview Spirent Communications Website Resources 12 SmartBits System Reference Network Computing Magazine www nwc com NSTL www nstl com Network Test www networktest com Government Computing News www gcn com ...

Page 21: ...chapter SmartBits Chassis Models and Cards 14 SmartBits 200 15 SmartBits 2000 15 SmartBits 600 16 SmartBits 6000B 16 Summary of SmartBits Software 17 Card Architecture 18 Traffic Generation and Performance Analysis 19 System Architecture 2 ...

Page 22: ...ny SmartCard or module The various models of SmartBits chassis are listed in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 SmartBits Chassis SmartCards Modules Applications Model 1 1 The SMB 1000 an older model chassis requires an upgrade to the SMB 2000 level to use current SmartCards and software Max Ports Card Types 2 2 The different card types are not interchangeable namely the SmartCards are not interchangeable with m...

Page 23: ...s SmartBits 2000 The SmartBits 2000 SMB 2000 multi user 20 slot chassis is a complete network performance analysis test system that measures the performance limits of network devices and complex network configurations including 10 100 1000 Mbps Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Token Ring ATM and Frame Relay Figure 2 2 SmartBits 2000 Chassis Differences Between SMB 200 and SMB 2000 SMB 200 does not have t...

Page 24: ...twork performance analysis test system Compatible with the SMB 6000B system the SMB 600 holds up to two modules that can support up to 4 Gigabit Ethernet ports 16 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports two POS Packet over SONET ports two SmartMetrics Gigabit ports or a mixture of these port types Figure 2 3 SmartBits 600 Chassis SmartBits 6000B The SmartBits 6000B SMB 6000B is an ultra high port density netwo...

Page 25: ...ine help at http www netcomsystems com for each application SmartBits chassis have a wide range of applications available depending on the SmartCard module types selected Table 2 2 Card Types Supported by SmartBits Software Smart Software Ethernet 1 1 Appropriate cards for an application vary according to application Refer to Chapter 5 Core Software Applications and Chapter 6 Optional Applications...

Page 26: ...cture Types Function For a list of cards supporting each application refer to the chapter on each card type Table 2 3 Architecture of Cards by Emphasis on Layer Testing Card Processor Type Designed for testing Traditional also known as packet blasters TCP IP Layers 1 2 and 3 SmartMetrics TCP IP Layers 2 through 5 with an emphasis on Layers 3 and 4 and latency measurements TeraMetrics TCP IP Layers...

Page 27: ... not include a signature field for specialized tracking SmartMetrics Stream Retains its own signature field with a unique timestamp and sequence ID and may generate many varied frames with specialized tracking and reporting capabilities The signature field is the mechanism for advanced tracking and analysis methods namely latency histograms sequence tracking of every frame and raw tag reporting Te...

Page 28: ...llowing features for the individual cards available in SmartWindow and SmartLib Generate Packets Up to and Beyond Wire Speed Uses a variety of transmission modes with the ability to dynamically vary packet gap and length during transmission adjust preamble length auto negotiate speed and duplex mode and capture frames Each Port Generates a Standard Stream Also known as the Background template or f...

Page 29: ...ications automatically insert triggers and add user selectable errors depending on the application Enhanced Traditional Architecture The Enhanced Traditional cards have the ability to increment and decrement source and destination IP addresses as well as MAC addresses This feature is only available with the following cards GX 1420B Gigabit Ethernet for the SMB 200 2000 GX 1421A Gigabit Ethernet fo...

Page 30: ...t be tracked No signature field Enhanced Traditional GX 1420B LAN 3100A 1 plus 1 or 2 alternate streams n a Thousands of frame blueprints through VFDs variable field definitions that can increment and decrement source and destination MAC and IP fields and alter content Round Robin sequence Full wire rate with varied traffic Varied frames can be generated but individual frames cannot be tracked No ...

Page 31: ...amped individually tracked series of frames see Figure 2 7 Within each stream there can be thousands of SmartFlows per port Each SmartFlow within a stream carries the same protocol format but offers a number of variables which are individually time stamped and tracked according to the test configuration Figure 2 7 SmartMetrics Frame Blueprints SmartMetrics Signature Field SmartMetrics mode streams...

Page 32: ...QOS Sequencer Traffic Loading This method sets the rate and transmit mode on a per port basis Scheduler Traffic Loading Available with the POS 6500 and LAN 6201 card families the Scheduler method allows you to specify rate frames per second on a per stream basis unlike other cards where the traffic rate is set with a global per port interframe gap These cards can calculate the gap for you If you o...

Page 33: ...n this method Can also sequence groups of streams and flows and analyze each group independently LAN 3201 A As B Gigabit POS 3500 3502 OC 3c OC 12c Ethernet 8 000 N A Fields within a stream Scheduler Sets up a Round Robin sequence based on frames per sec Requires the same frame rate per second per stream for a total of 100 wire rate to avoid bursty traffic WN 3405 3415 3420A WAN FR and PPP 128 256...

Page 34: ...garding these cards Table Scheduler The TeraMetrics traffic loading method is a schedule table where each entry includes the flow number to be transmitted and the flow burstiness is controlled according to the sequence of the entries in the table The table can hold up to 8 192 entries The transmission rate is calculated as follows TxRate Flow F Flow F Entries in Table Port TxRate _________________...

Page 35: ...SmartBits System Reference 27 In this chapter Requirements for Multi User Operation 28 Preparing for Multi User Operation 29 How Does the Multi User Feature Work 29 Multiple Users Accessing a Chassis 3 ...

Page 36: ...dentifying Multi User Chassis label to support multiple users To check your chassis controller firmware version must be version 6 60 or later connect to the chassis and select the application s Help About command If you have an older chassis you can retrofit your SmartBits chassis by purchasing the hardware upgrade and sending the chassis to Spirent Communications to install the SMB 2000 multi use...

Page 37: ...uling boards Design a schedule that is best suited for your environment Table 3 1 Example of a SmartBits Scheduling Board How Does the Multi User Feature Work With the multi user feature SmartBits chassis can be accessed and used by a maximum of 10 users simultaneously after the users have accessed the chassis sequentially and reserved their necessary ports Multi user chassis allow multiple users ...

Page 38: ... each port and allows the user to change the status by releasing reserved ports The following examples of multi user functions demonstrate how the feature is used For more details please refer to the user guide or online help for each supporting application All reserved cards are released when you disconnect from the SmartBits chassis You can connect SMB 200s SMB 2000s SMB 600s and SMB 6000Bs via ...

Page 39: ...environment and is explained as follows Blue the card is reserved to you Green the card is available to other users Red the card is reserved to another user The ownership status light only reflects the status of the modules as of the most recent refresh It is possible in a multi user environment for a module to be reserved by another user in the time between the last refresh and your attempt to re...

Page 40: ...og box Choose Refresh Release or Reserve Module as needed Control Groups of Modules Right click anywhere within the Top Panel to open the multi user menu that controls all modules You will see this dialog box Select the Refresh Release or Reserve command as needed Note When connected to the SMB 600 chassis the SmartWindow interface adjusts to display the more compact hardware platform Each slot re...

Page 41: ...iant SMB 2000 Main Menu ß Follow these steps to access SmartWindow using a SMB 2000 1 To refresh release or reserve a single SmartCard right click on it You will see this dialog box Click SMB Group to access the menu selections that control the SmartCards as a group To access multi user options right click on a SmartCard To start SmartCards as a group Click SMB Group Start Multi user LED will ligh...

Page 42: ...st connect to a chassis with multi user capabilities enabled SMB 2000 or SMB 600 6000B only the ports not reserved by anyone else and are available to you appear in the list Display Available Ports When you connect to a multi user chassis only cards available not in use by another user will be displayed in the Card Setup tab the Group Wizard and the SmartFlows Traffic tab The following illustrates...

Page 43: ...n the Multi user column on the Card Setup tab While it is reserved it will not appear as available to anyone else either using another program You can run a test without manually reserving the ports SmartFlow will automatically reserve the test ports while the test is running and automatically release them when the test finishes However by not reserving the port prior to the test the test may fail...

Page 44: ...eserved to you Green the port is available to other users has been released by you With a single user chassis the port is a member of the Released Service Group and acts like any other group Red the port is reserved by another user This color does not appear automatically it appears when you try to use the port or when you apply the Actions Refresh button Ownership Status of All Ports The ownershi...

Page 45: ... or to any other Spirent Communications application When you connect to a multi user chassis only cards available not in use by another user AND appropriate to the specific set of tests will be displayed in Available Trunk and Access ports columns By default the program reserves all cards and releases cards not selected after 10 minutes However if a test is begun during the 10 minute reserved time...

Page 46: ...icallly accesses and reserves all available port numbers now blue status for the second user and have been released by the first user Therefore the second user must click on ports with a Release button to make those ports available to the third user To reserve cards released by another user or by yourself highlight the port row and click the Reserve button To ensure that the port you have selected...

Page 47: ...martBits System Reference 39 Maintenance and Upgrade Procedures 4 In this chapter Downloading New Firmware 40 Adding Cards to a SmartBits Chassis 40 Changing Chassis Timeout 41 Changing Chassis Fuses 41 ...

Page 48: ...to two modules Thumb screws allow for easy insertion and removal of SmartCards modules from a SmartBits chassis The connector and interface for each card slot is configured identically thus any SmartCard module may be installed into any equivalent slot If less than the maximum SmartCards modules are installed optional blank panels can fill the empty slots Important To maximize airflow inside the S...

Page 49: ... icon for access to the specific SmartBits chassis 4 To view the current default value in the HyperTerminal window enter idlemax and press Return 5 To edit the chassis timeout value in seconds enter idlemax xxxxx where xxxxx indicates the number of seconds Then press Return This edited timeout value will remain with the SmartBits chassis for all applications until another user changes it Changing ...

Page 50: ... power cord from the jack 2 Lever out the fuse holder by prying outward on the tab using a small flat head screw driver or other thin edged tool Note The SMB 200 employs a compact AC DC power supply that provides a minimum of 100 watt DC output at 5 volt An additional DC DC switching module is installed on the backplane to provide a 12 volt DC output that is used both by cooling fans and the plug ...

Page 51: ...SmartBits System Reference 43 Core Software Applications In This Chapter Overview of Core Applications 44 SmartWindow 45 SmartLib 47 SmartApplications 48 5 ...

Page 52: ...opment Software developers may also use it to develop programs in Visual Basic C or C in a Windows 98 environment and C C or TCL in a UNIX environment Refer to page 47 for more information SmartApplications A Windows based application that automates RFC 1242 and RFC 2544 testing for determining throughput packet loss latency and back to back testing under full load and production go no go tests fo...

Page 53: ...Token Ring ATM Frame Relay PVC Testing PPP over ATM POS Testing Cards Supported All SmartCards modules RFCs Supported RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection Devices RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 RFC 1577 Classical IP and ARP over ATM RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching Devices RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network In...

Page 54: ...ughput Latency Latency Variation Latency Histograms Packet Loss Back to Back Performance Point to Point Point to Multi point Multi point to Multi point Round Trip Transit Time Illegal Packets Broadcast Traffic Expired Time to Live Filtering Address Table Learning Flow Table Learning Congestion Testing Comparative Path Testing and Comparative Protocol Testing Differentiated Class of Service Testing...

Page 55: ...st Objectives To create custom applications for testing networks and network devices with any SmartBits chassis To automate complex suites of tests To create simplified GUIs specifically tailored for a production line To test unique network components Note Refer to the SmartLib User Guide located at http www netcomsystems com support documentation asp for more information on tests availability and...

Page 56: ...nection Devices RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 RFC 1577 Classical IP and ARP over ATM RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices Test Objective To generate a full and sustained load and perform accurate evaluations of Throughput Latency Packet Loss and Back to Back performance limits Tests Supported Throughput Latency Packet Loss Back to Ba...

Page 57: ...s Tests results are displayed in real time Error log provides debug information Charting capability allows customization of results Choose horizontal tabular report format or traditional non tabular format Cut through and store and forward latency measurements are displayed individually Requirements An SMB 200 SMB 2000 SMB 600 or SMB 6000B chassis with the appropriate SmartCards or modules Proper ...

Page 58: ...50 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 59: ...ests for Ethernet AST II 62 Virtual LAN Advanced Switch Tests VAST 64 Virtual LAN Advanced Switch Tests VAST 64 SmartCableModem Test 65 ScriptCenter 67 SmartTCP 68 Note The applications described in this chapter may be purchased in addition to the core software Each of these applications requires a separate licensing text file known as a key file This file is provided on a 3 5 diskette with the pr...

Page 60: ...s or programs accessing the same SmartBits chassis at the same time This feature identifies which cards are available to be used and which cards are reserved by other users Multi Chassis Displays all available ports of multiple connected SmartBits chassis Test API A programming library that duplicates the functions of a specific GUI application information Required Firmware Versions If you wish to...

Page 61: ... 6 1 Minimum Version Levels Required to Support Multiple Local Chassis Program Minimum Version Level SmartWindow 1 1 This applications information can be found in Chapter 5 Core Software Applications and is not included in this chapter 7 00 and higher SmartLib 1 3 06 and higher SmartApplications 1 2 22 and higher SmartSignaling 3 00 and higher SmartMulticastIP 1 10 and higher SmartxDSL 1 00 and hi...

Page 62: ... on page 54 for a list of applications and consult your Spirent Communications sales representative for additional applications information Table 6 2 Applicable Chassis and Applications for Synchronized Chassis via GPS Minimum Version Level Required SMB 200 2000 SMB 6006000B SmartLib 3 07 1 1 This applications information can be found in Chapter 5 Core Software Applications and is not included in ...

Page 63: ...T 9155Cs ATM Single Mode Fiber OC 3 AT 9622 ATM Multi Mode Fiber OC 12 AT 9622s ATM Single Mode Fiber OC 12 Refer to the SmartSignaling for ATM User Guide located at http www netcomsystems com support documentation asp for a complete description of the tests available Table 6 3 gives a brief description of these tests Table 6 3 SmartSignaling Tests and Descriptions Test Description Peak Call Rate ...

Page 64: ...ests available Table 6 4 gives a brief description of these tests Table 6 4 SmartMulticastIP Tests and Descriptions Test Description Aggregated Multicast Throughput Determines the maximum transmission rate at which the DUT can forward IP multicast traffic with no frame loss as the number of destination ports increases Forwarding Latency Determines the DUT s forwarding latency of IP multicast frame...

Page 65: ...Single Mode AT 6710 10 Base TX Layer 3 LAN 3111A 100 Base FX Fiber ML 7710 10 100 Base TX SmartMetrics ML 5710A 10 Base Ethernet USB SmartMetrics Refer to the SmartxDSL API Manual located at http www netcomsystems com support documentation asp for a complete description of the tests available Table 6 5 gives a brief description of these tests Multicast Group Capacity Measures the maximum number of...

Page 66: ...correlation with external events and to detect the failed VPI VCI pairs The test operates in upstream downstream or bi directional test modes End to End IP Measures the speed and capacity of the DUT to forward IP traffic between two or more end points This test assumes the use of Ethernet SmartCards on the trunk side of the network as well as the use of an external router if the DSLAM does not hav...

Page 67: ...GBIC SmartMetrics LAN 3301A 3311A 10 100 1G Copper GBIC Terametrics POS 3500B OC12 OC3 SmartMetrics POS 3500Bs OC12 OC3 Single Mode SmartMetrics POS 3502A OC 3 SmartMetrics POS 3502As OC 3 Single Mode SmartMetrics POS 3504As OC 48c Single Mode SmartMetrics POS 3505As OC 48c Single Mode TeraMetrics Cell Latency Measured between various end points using the ATM cell characteristics This test is appl...

Page 68: ...viation based on latency distribution and the number of frames received that were out of sequence Throughput Measures the maximum rate at which frames from flows and groups sent through a device can be sent without frame loss Latency Measures the minimum maximum and average latency of received frames in flows and groups of flows sent through a device Latency is calculated for all received frames L...

Page 69: ... of the tests available Table 6 7 gives a brief description of these tests Table 6 7 SmartVoIPQoS Tests and Descriptions Test Description Voice QoS Measures frame loss latency and latency standard deviation for data frames and frames emulating various codes in flows and groups of flows sent through a device or system It maps these metrics to a PSQM score for voice flows and groups Frame Loss Measu...

Page 70: ...X 7405 VLAN and Capture SX 7410 10 100 Base TX SX 7410B 10 100 Base TX SX 7411 100 Base FX Fiber VLAN Data Capture In SMB 600 6000B LAN 3100A 10 100 Ethernet Full Half Duplex LAN 3101A 10 100 Ethernet 12 port SmartMetrics LAN 3111A 100 Base FX Fiber LAN 3200A 1000 Base Ethernet Full Duplex Multi Mode LAN 3200As Full Duplex Single Mode LAN 3201A 1000 Base Ethernet Multi Mode SmartMetrics LAN 3201As...

Page 71: ...e to facilitate measurement of offered load and forwarding rates Broadcast Latency Determines the latency of the DUT SUT when forwarding broadcast traffic This test utilizes a one to many traffic distribution Congestion Control Determines how the DUT SUT handles congestion The test indicates if head of line blocking exists at the specified ports in the DUT SUT Error Filtering Determines the perfor...

Page 72: ...mplete description of the tests available Table 6 5 gives a brief description of these tests Table 6 9 VAST Tests and Descriptions Tests Description Broadcast Frames Evaluates leakage from each VLAN by generating broadcast frames Fanout Measures unidirectional throughput packet loss and flooding when a group of ports sends frames to another group of ports Measures device fairness Filter Illegal Fr...

Page 73: ... 3111A 100 Base FX Fiber Refer to the SmartCableModemTest located at http www netcomsystems com support documentation asp for a complete description of the tests available Table 6 10 gives a brief description of these tests VLAN Setup Time Evaluates the ability of the DUT to update the VLAN configuration Table 6 9 VAST Tests and Descriptions continued Tests Description Table 6 10 SCMT Tests and De...

Page 74: ...records the Total number of frames received Minimum latency of all frames received Maximum latency of all frames received The test also calculates the average latency of all frames received Sequence Latency A combination of Sequence Tracking and Latency per Stream Additionally a distribution of latency per stream is presented across 16 pre set time intervals Raw Tags All test frames in SCMT have s...

Page 75: ...tially ScriptCenter serves as a central repository for all scripts needed to run tests through SmartBits systems Refer to the ScriptCenter User Guide located at http www netcomsystems com support documentation asp for a complete description of the features available The following cards can be tested using the following SmartBits chassis In SMB 200 2000 GX 1405B Gigabit Ethernet GX 1405Bs Gigabit E...

Page 76: ...ase TX SmartMetrics ML 7711 100 Base FX Fiber SmartMetrics In SMB 600 and SMB 6000B LAN 3201A 1000 Base Ethernet SmartMetrics Multi Mode LAN 3201As 1000 Base Ethernet SmartMetrics Multi Mode LAN 3201B SmartMetrics GBIC Table 6 11 SmartTCP Tests and Descriptions Test Description Connection Setup Rate Measures the rate of TCP connection establishment through the device under test DUT Connection Setu...

Page 77: ...SmartBits System Reference 69 In this chapter Sample Devices and Networks to Test 70 Sample Test Topologies 7 ...

Page 78: ...able tests and features Testing Frame Relay Switches Applications available to set up and test frame relay switches SmartWindow for a customized virtual front panel application SmartLib for a programming library SmartApplications for automated RFC 1242 testing Frame Relay testing uses the WAN SmartCards in the SmartBits 200 or 2000 chassis The Frame Relay switch is designed to support data in burs...

Page 79: ... Packet over SONET POS routers SmartWindow for a customized virtual front panel application SmartLib for a programming library SmartApplications for automated RFC 1242 testing SmartFlow for forwarding and policy based QoS testing with SmartMetrics POS device testing uses POS modules on the SmartBits 600 6000B chassis and are capable of Generating up to 8 192 streams at any given time and analyzing...

Page 80: ... mode fiber physical interface 802 1p 802 1q and 802 3 ac VLAN tagging 802 3x flow control Optional data integrity for checking bit errors in Layer 3 forwarding devices Generating up to 2 000 streams at any given time and analyzing the results Implementing up to 64 000 flows per stream a total of 524 million flows per port Configuring each stream to a different data transmission mode Continuous Si...

Page 81: ... click on the Start button the stream transmits that data pattern repeatedly in its assigned turn The how and where to transmit depend greatly on stream type and encapsulation The two stream types are Permanent Virtual Connections PVC and Switched Virtual Connections SVC In ATM one physical pipe is used to transmit and receive all data but the pipe can be divided into channels as in television tra...

Page 82: ...74 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 83: ...SmartBits System Reference 75 Chassis Specifications 8 In This Chapter SMB 200 2000 Specifications 76 SMB 6000 6000B Specifications 78 ...

Page 84: ... in 38 1 cm Weight 27 lbs 12 25 kg fully loaded Shipping weight approximately 30 lbs 13 6 kg Layout Requirements Must have unimpeded airflow into the fans at the side of the chassis Must be positioned to meet EMI guidelines see Appendix C Certifications and EMI Compliance Local connections to multiple chassis must be within 1 meter 39 inches of each other Input power 90 264 VAC Nominal 115 or 230 ...

Page 85: ...connects to and expands the capacity of a SMB 2000 This chassis is totally dependent on the controller of the connecting SMB 2000 and is referred to as a slave Connectors RS 232 for workstation connection RJ 45 10Base T connector for Ethernet connection RJ 45 Expansion In Out connectors for multiple chassis connection DB 37 and Hub connectors for stacked multiple chassis Connectors to attach to an...

Page 86: ...cm Depth 16 5 in 42 cm Weight 45 lbs 20 4 kg fully loaded Shipping weight approximately 48 lbs 21 8 kg Layout Requirements Must have unimpeded airflow into the fans at the side of the chassis Must be positioned to meet EMI guidelines see Appendix C Certifications and EMI Compliance Local connections to multiple chassis must be within 1 meter of each other Input power 100 240 VAC Nominal 115 or 230...

Page 87: ...ware on page 40 and Changing Chassis Timeout on page 41 Connectors RS 232 for workstation connection RJ 45 10 Base T connector for Ethernet connection RJ 45 Expansion In Out connectors for multiple chassis connection Connectors to attach to an optional GPS receiver GPS Option Available Operating Temperature Operating Humidity 59 104 F 15 40 C 20 to 80 relative humidity non condensing Cards Support...

Page 88: ...80 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 89: ...4 Feature Summary of 10 100 Mbps Cards 86 Feature Summary of Gigabit Cards 91 SmartCards and Modules 94 GX Series SmartCards 96 LAN Series Modules 98 ML Series SmartCards 110 ST Series SmartCards 112 SX Series SmartCards 113 Standard Ethernet Features 114 Gigabit Frame Rate Calculation 130 Gigabit Ethernet Testing Clock Tolerance 132 ...

Page 90: ...s TeraMetrics Ethernet Cards Used in SMB 200 2000Chassis GX 1405B Gigabit X X X X X GX 1405Bs Gigabit Single Mode X X X X X GX 1420B 100 1000 Base Copper X X X X X GX 1421A 100 1000 Mbps Ethernet GMII MII X X L3 6710 10 Base TX Layer 3 X X X ML 7710 10 100 Base TX X X X X X X X X X X X X X ML 7711 100 Base FX Fiber X X X X X X X X X X X ML 5710A 10 Base USB X X X1 X X X1 X2 X X ST 6410 10 Base T F...

Page 91: ...A 10 100 1G Copper 1G GBIC X X X X X X X LAN 3710A3 10G Base LR ER Ethernet X X X X 1 Supports 10 Mbps Ethernet mode only 2 A firmware upgrade is required to support this application version 3 When ordering specify the wavelength required measured in nanometers i e 1310 nm for LAN 3710AL or 1550 nm for LAN 3710AE Table 9 1 Ethernet Cards Used in Applications Card Module Description SmartWindow 7 1...

Page 92: ...Mode 1 2048 24 2K GX 1420B 100 1000 Base Copper 5 2048 24 2K GX 1421A 100 1000 Base Ethernet GMII MII 5 2048 24 2K L3 6710 10 Base TX Layer 3 1 2048 5 1530 ML 7710 10 100 Base TX 24 1600 18 2000 ML 7711 100 Base FX Fiber 24 1600 18 2000 ML 5710A 10 Base Ethernet USB 24 1600 18 2000 ST 6410 10 Base T Full Duplex 1 8191 n a n a SX 7205 100 Mbps SX 7210 10 100 Base TX VLAN Data Capture SX 7405 VLAN a...

Page 93: ...201B 1000 Mbps GBIC 32 2048 32 64K LAN 3300A 10 100 1000 Mbps GBIC LAN 3301A 10 100 1000 Mbps Copper 64 16 384 40 16 384 LAN 3310A 1000 Mbps Single Multi Mode GBIC LAN 3311A 10 100 1000 Mbps Single Multi Mode Fiber 64 16 384 40 16 384 LAN 3710A 10G Base LR ER Ethernet Table 9 2 Min Max Frame Lengths in Bytes for Ethernet Cards Card Module Description Minimum Generated Frame Size Maximum Generated ...

Page 94: ...fer 2K 2K 2K Capture Buffer Size n a 86 to 2048 pkts 86 to 2048 pkts Packet Length 1 to 8KB 1 to 8KB 1 to 8KB IP Header Checksum Data Integrity verify No No No CRC Errors Yes Yes Yes Alignment Dribble Under oversize Errors Yes Yes Yes Adjustable Preamble Length No Yes Yes Min Tx Interpacket Gap Max Tx Interpacket Gap Increments 100 ns 26 sec 100 ns 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 400 ns 40 ns 26 8 sec 2 68 sec 4...

Page 95: ...ure Buffer Size 40 pkts 475 pkts 475 pkts 196K pkts 6500 pkts Packet Length 1 to 2 KB 24 to 1600 bytes 24 to 1600 bytes 32 to 16 KB 25 to 1600 bytes IP Header checksum Verify Generate No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Data Integrity verify No No No Yes Yes CRC Errors Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Alignment Dribble Under oversize errors Yes Yes Ethernet only Yes Yes Dribble Align Adjust Preamble Length No N...

Page 96: ...dule is used with the SMB 600 and SMB 6000B SmartLib Differences In SmartLib Version 3 09 and higher the following commands are used specifically for the LAN 3101A and ML 7710 FST_CAPTURE_INFO applies to both the ML 7710 and the LAN 3101A None of the other FST_CAPTURE_n commands can be used with either the ML 7710 or the LAN 3101A The following command is used to show data integrity errors ETH_EXT...

Page 97: ...t Up to 4 billion frames per burst Up to 4 billion repetitive bursts with a user defined delay between bursts Runs multi burst mode continuously Continuous Constant frame transmit Constant frame transmit Single burst Up to 16 million frames per burst Up to 4 billion frames per burst Multiburst Up to 65 536 repetitive bursts with a user defined delay between bursts Up to 4 billion repetitive bursts...

Page 98: ...ta integrity errors Rx triggers or All Capture Buffer Size 475 frames 6500 frames Packet Length 24 to 1600 bytes 24 to 1600 bytes Pre compute insert IP Header checksum Yes Yes Verify Data Integrity No Yes Adjustable Preamble Length No No VLAN Tagging predefined selectable predefined selectable Background Fill Pattern user selectable or random data Yes Yes 2 Triggers up to 6 bytes each can be speci...

Page 99: ...atures Card MPLS Labeling Insertion IP Header Checkum Gen Valid Data Integrity Checksum Gen Valid Multimodal Frame Length Distribution Jumbo Frames Address Stutter Carry Chaining and Bit Masking Added Rx Triggers GX 1405B No No No No No No No GX 1405Bs No No No No No No No GX 1420B No Yes No No No No Yes GX 1421A No Yes No No No No Yes LAN 3201B No Yes Yes No Yes No No LAN 3300A Yes Yes No No Yes ...

Page 100: ...reams 2 2 Max flows per stream N A N A VFD 3 Size 16K 16K Capture Buffer Size 128K 128K Packet Length 1 byte to 2KB 5 bytes to 2KB Verify IP Head Checksum No Yes CRC Errors Yes Yes Alignment Dribble Under oversize Symbol Errors All but align and dribble All but align and dribble Adjustable Preamble Length Yes Yes Min Tx Interpkt Gap Max Tx Interpkt Gap Increments 96 ns 1 5 sec 32 ns 96 ns 1 5 sec ...

Page 101: ...ize 16K 16K 16K 16K 16K Capture Buffer 1MB 16MB 16MB 16MB 16MB Packet Length 32 to 2048 bytes 40 to 16 384 bytes 40 to 16 384 bytes 40 to 16 384 bytes 40 to 16 384 bytes Gen Valid IP Head Checksum Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes CRC Errors Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Errors Alignment Dribble Symbol Under oversize Under oversize frames Undersize oversize pause frames Undersize oversize pause frames Undersize oversize ...

Page 102: ...s modules LED Color Status Description TX INIT Green Red Off Transmitting LED flashes briefly for each frame transmitted If continuous transmission light appears as a steady on condition Card not initialized This light is red briefly until the card boots up When chassis and card are not connected or after card is initialized TRIG CLS Green Red Yellow Trigger Event indication Flashes briefly for ea...

Page 103: ...Displays amber for autonegotiated 100 Mbps TRIG PAUSE Green Yellow Off GX 1405 and GX 1420B Receiving trigger frames Receiving PAUSE frames No trigger or pause events 100M PAUSE Green Yellow Off SX 7410 and ML 7710 100 Base TX operation Receiving PAUSE frames 10 Base T operation Table 9 9 LED Functions for Ethernet SmartCards modules LED Color Status Description ...

Page 104: ...ve A packet based traffic generator to test performance of devices based on industry standard RFCs and the applicable IEEE 802 3ab draft specification Features GX 1405B GX 1405Bs GX 1420B GX 1421A Transmit and receive beyond wire speed Generates monitors and captures data High port density for generating heavy and realistic loads Generates good and errored traffic Generates oversized and undersize...

Page 105: ...nto 16 card slots in an SMB 2000 chassis be sure to cover the remaining four card slots with blank panels to maintain proper air flow throughout the chassis This is not an issue with the SMB 200 When using less than eight SmartCards in a chassis you can populate the remaining card slots with other card types For every one GX 1420B or GX 1421A card less than the recommended maximum eight you can su...

Page 106: ...gle mode module Card Type 10 100 1000 Mbps Ethernet modules Where Used SMB 600 and SMB 6000B Applications Supported SmartWindow SmartLib SmartApplications and AST II Devices Tested Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches and routers gigabit Ethernet backbones Test Objective A packet based traffic generator to test performance conformance and interoperability of devices based on industry standard RFCs testing...

Page 107: ...e for SMII synchronization LAN 3150A offers filters on invalid IP checksums collisions provides triggers for external devices verifies Incoming IP Header Checksum and offers variable field data VFD1 VFD2 VFD3 LAN 3200A Interface 850 nanometer multi mode fiber Follows the IEEE 802 3z gigabit specification and are used for Gigabit Ethernet backbones performance conformance and interoperability testi...

Page 108: ...ence tracking tests on systems ranging from a single device under test to a complex routed network to perform the following testing Performance measurement and interoperability testing Network wide Network Layer QoS analysis using IP Precedence Bit Tests compliance to RFCs Features High port density Full wire rate traffic generation and analysis Data integrity checking allows verification of paylo...

Page 109: ...ts VLAN tagging and flow control to IEEE standards 802 3p 802 3Q 802 3ac and 802 3x Features High port density Full wire rate traffic generation and analysis Data integrity checking allows verification of payload data through the DUT Testing Performs frame loss stream latency and sequence tracking tests on systems ranging from a single device under test to a complex routed network featuring the fo...

Page 110: ...n increment and decerment modes only VFD 3 2K byte buffer Stream based Transmit Mode Up to 1 000 streams per port Up to 64K flows on each stream via IP source or destination addresses Ability to vary MAC address simultaneously with IP address Frame based Transmit Mode Constant frame transmit Single burst up to 4 billion packets in a single burst Multi burst up to 4 billion repetitive bursts with u...

Page 111: ...load content applies to non VLAN IP type streams only Counters Transmitted and received frames Received bytes Collisions Alignment errors Rx CRC errors Rx Fragment undersized frames Rx Oversize frames Rx Triggers Rx Tags Rx and Tx Data integrity detected errors Rx VLAN frames Rx Pings requests Rx and Tx replies Rx and Tx ARPs requests Rx and Tx replies Rx and Tx Requirements One slot in an SMB 600...

Page 112: ...hernet routers and networks Test Objective A stream based traffic generator to test erformance conformance and interoperability of Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices based on industry standard RFCs testing Features Multi protocol performance analysis system for networks and network devices with Gigabit Ethernet interfaces Stream based traffic generation and analysis Advanced tracking capabilties Histogra...

Page 113: ... interface to support either multi mode or single mode fiber Since the converters are hot swappable they allow system configuration changes simply by plugging in a different type of converter Additional Features Additional features can be found in the following tables Table 9 1 Ethernet Cards Used in Applications on page 82 Table 9 2 Min Max Frame Lengths in Bytes for Ethernet Cards on page 84 Tab...

Page 114: ...ions SmartFlow and ScriptCenter Devices Tested 10 100 1000 Mbps networking devices such as switches and routers Features LAN 3301A LAN 3311A only Measure specific control plane performance of network embedded applications such as routing load balancing Multicast IP Mobile IP and security Simulate smart protocols at various OSI layers while transmitting real world data Run custom and third party ap...

Page 115: ...of various frame rates Unicast broadcast and multi cast traffic effects may be analyzed 16 MB capture memory enables logging and exporting of filtered events to external protocol analysis equipment SmartMetrics LAN 3300A 3310A testing capabilities include throughput sequence tracking per stream latency over time latency per stream and latency variation allows for histogram analysis GBIC LAN 3201B ...

Page 116: ...opment quality assurance and final regression testing Perform comparative analysis of 10 Gigabit Ethernet routers Analyze performance under many traffic conditions both legal and illegal with easy to customize traffic generation parameters Re qualify 10 Gigabit Ethernet routers after firmware upgrades Features Wire rate traffic analysis and capture with IP checksum error detection Generates accept...

Page 117: ...dditional Test Functions Raw Tags Interface Specifications The LAN 3710A is the first product to incorporate the physical interface implementations from the first drafts for the 10 Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802 3ae standard Specification LAN 3710AL LAN 3710AE Number of ports per module 1 1 Reach Single mode from 2 10 kilometers Single mode from 2 40 kilometers Wavelength 1310 nm 1550 nm ...

Page 118: ...rforming SmartMetrics analysis on receive traffic in real time and at wire rate End to end performance analysis of cable modem devices and systems Features Each port can be configured with up to 1 000 streams or VTE s virtual transmit engine Each stream generates a customizable stream of Layer 3 data SmartMetrics Testing Flow Control Ethernet only Transmit Error Insertion VLAN Tagging Background P...

Page 119: ...ing Performance measurement and interoperability testing Network wide Network Layer QoS analysis using IP Precedence Bit Tests compliance to RFCs Features Each port supports up to 1000 streams or virtual transmit engines VTEs Each stream generates a customizable stream of Layer 3 data Each port can capture up to 475 packets Flow control is Ethernet only Generates and responds to pause commands per...

Page 120: ...pies one slot in a chassis Applications Supported SmartWindow SmartLib and SmartApplications and AST Devices Tested Ethernet devices Test Objective A packet based traffic generator for Ethernet performance measurement and interoperability testing Additional Features Additional features can be found in the following tables Table 9 2 Min Max Frame Lengths in Bytes for Ethernet Cards on page 84 Table...

Page 121: ...orted SmartWindow SmartLib and SmartApplications and AST Devices Tested Ethernet devices and backbones Test Objective A packet based traffic generator for performance conformance and interoperability testing Features Data capture is provided for up to 128 000 bytes of packet data Interfaces other than the 100 Base TX require the use of the SX 7210 SmartCard with an external MII transceiver Additio...

Page 122: ...r Size 117 Captured Data Status Codes 118 Carry ChainingBetween VFD1 and VFD2 120 Collisions Detected 120 CRC Errors 120 Data Integrity Check 120 Duplex Mode 120 Filters 121 Flow Control 121 Frame Rates Maximum 121 Frame Transmit Modes 122 Frame Sizes Legal Ethernet 122 Interface 122 Interpacket Gap Tx min max Increments 122 IFG Based on Frame Rate 123 IFG Based on Load 123 IP Header Checksum Gene...

Page 123: ...mble The default value is 8 bytes 7 preamble bytes plus 1 start frame delimiter byte Alignment Dribble Under oversize Errors Errored frames that can be generated and counted by the card The Alignment Errors Event Counter indicates the cumulative number of alignment errors that have occurred on the receiving port of the SmartCard module The Alignment Errors Rate Counter displays the number of align...

Page 124: ...Gigabit and POS cards This method places the pattern in the payload data field only Figure 9 1 Variations in Background Fill Pattern Background Fill Pattern Automatically Offset with Certain Cards The ML 7710 example shown in Figure 9 2 displays the initial background fill pattern and the subsequent frame content The background pattern is 8 bytes of ff followed by 8 bytes of 00 16 bytes The IP hea...

Page 125: ...ming frame data may be recorded at wire rate filtered to reduce the amount of information and start stopped in response to a variety of trigger conditions Frame capture namely the recording of frame contents by the receiving SmartBits card is stopped upon user request or when the capture buffer has been depleted The maximum number of frames that can be captured depends on frame size and the availa...

Page 126: ...rsize Undersize Undersize Undersize Undersize O Oversize Oversize Oversize Oversize Oversize Oversize T Trigger N A Trigger Trigger Trigger Trigger C CRC CRC CRC CRC CRC CRC A Alignment N A Alignment N A Alignment N A R N A Receive Overrun N A Run Disparity ARP Run Disparity E N A Framing Error N A N A N A N A S N A Signature Signature N A N A N A L N A Collision N A N A Collision N A V N A N A VL...

Page 127: ...ided O Oversize packet greater than 1518 bytes or 1522 bytes with VLAN tag or oversized jabber frame P Pause R For L3 6705 L3 6710 Receive overrun Received packet is too large for buffer and packet is truncated to fit buffer For GX 1405 Running Disparity Errors Disparity errors occur when the positive or negative disparity between two code groups in the Gigabit 8B 10B transmission code is incorrec...

Page 128: ...IEEE standard truncated binary exponential back off timing algorithm The back off delay is an integer multiple of the slot time The number of slot times to delay before the nth retransmission attempt is chosen as a uniformly distributed random integer in the range 0 slotTimes 2 k where k min n BackoffTruncationExponent The Backoff Truncation Exponent parameter is configurable on a per port basis i...

Page 129: ...ing of the transmitter Additionally each port supports a counter that indicates the number of PAUSE frames received Frame Rates Maximum How to calculate the maximum frame rate Constants Gap 96 bits Preamble 64 bits Frame Size 8 N bits N number of bytes Speed 10 000 000 Ethernet 100 000 000 Fast Ethernet 1 000 000 000 Gigabit Ethernet in bits per second bps Formula Maximum Frame Rate Speed Gap Prea...

Page 130: ... frame lengths 40 bytes including CRC Legal valid maximum frame lengths 1518 bytes including CRC or 1522 bytes including CRC and VLAN tag For enabled jumbo frames the maximum length is 9018 bytes including CRC or 9022 bytes including CRC and VLAN tag Interface The physical connector media to the card Interpacket Gap Tx min max Increments Defines the minimum and maximum interpacket gaps allowed per...

Page 131: ...e Gap 100 load frame size frame rate frame rate The following example calculates the interframe gap to achieve 100 000 frames a second with a frame size of 896bits Interframe Gap 100 000 000 896 100 000 100 000 104 bit times where 100 load in bit times per second bits per second based on the card speed 100 000 000 for 100 Mbps Ethernet Frame size in bits frame data size CRC preamble 32 bit CRC 64 ...

Page 132: ... per second Now that you have frames per second calculate the correct interframe gap 100 000 000 896 78125 30 000 089 6 This is the total gap or the amount of open space where no frames are sent Divide this amount by the number of frames per second to find the interframe gap needed to achieve a 70 load at 100 Mbps The result is a gap of 384 bits IP Header Checksum Generation Validation When IP ori...

Page 133: ...AN tagging and MPLS labeling is used the MPLS label stack occurs after the VLAN tag No special action is taken on the receiver side when an MPLS frame is received However the Ethernet interface is still responsible for locating the start of the IP header regardless of the existence and depth of the MPLS label stack Multimodal Frame Length MMFL You can set the frame length of each TeraMetrics flow ...

Page 134: ...es and 4096 bytes to simulate background traffic centered at 40 bytes and extending to 4096 bytes Packet Length Also known as the frame length the range of valid frame sizes in bytes Ports per Card Number of connector ports on each card SmartMetrics Measurements Indicates SmartMetrics capability with advanced tracking and histograms Based on the SmartMetrics signature field inserted into each fram...

Page 135: ...period Average latency within this time period Latency per Stream Same as Latency over Time except the data is displayed for each incoming stream Latency Distribution The user selects up to 16 time intervals The following information is displayed within each time interval and for each stream Transmitting port number Stream number Total number of frames received Number of frames received within eac...

Page 136: ...ons two 6 byte triggers can be specified using the bit offset or using a pattern and mask The trigger counter can be set to Trigger 1 Trigger 2 Trigger 1 or Trigger 2 Trigger 1 and Trigger 2 In Ethernet WAN and POS cards the transmit trigger pattern is added to the frame content through VFDs Variable Field Definitions or automatically in streams Triggers are used in two ways Ethernet WAN POS cards...

Page 137: ...RC requires 4 aligned octets 3 Dribble bit error 4 Bits are attached at the end of the frame after the CRC 4 Alignment error 4 Bits are attached to the end of the frame data field before CRC 5 Symbol error 4 Bits of symbol error encoding HEX codes inserted into the CRC Other conditions 6 CRC error Dribble bit error CRC Alignment counters 7 CRC error Alignment error CRC Alignment counters 8 Alignme...

Page 138: ... Frame Rate Calculation The LAN 3200A LAN 3201A and LAN 301As modules operate at 1000 Mbps Payload Capacity Utilization The payload capacity utilization is calculated on how frequently frames are generated In other words the higher the frame rate the higher the payload capacity utilization The maximum frame rate is achieved with the minimum inter frame gap In SmartMetrics Gigabit the minimum gap a...

Page 139: ... 8 minimum preamble 4 CRC and Aggregate Stream Capacity Utilization sum of individual Stream Capacity Utilization Even though streams are independent of each other the Stream Capacity Utilization of one stream may affect the Stream Capacity Utilization of another stream especially if the frames rates are different The frame rates for the LAN 320x modules fall into four categories each with an inde...

Page 140: ...he processor can keep up with the data stream it must still be able to transmit this data without loss If the output transmitter of this switch is slower than the device transmitting into it eventually it could lose data Tests have been designed to test the ability of a switch to process data and forward it through its switching fabric fast enough to keep up with large bursts of data These tests t...

Page 141: ...nd Related Clock Tolerance In test 1 transmitted unidirectional traffic from port 1 of the test analyzer into port 1 of the DUT device under test and received test packets back on port 2 of the test analyzer from port 2 of the DUT The DUT was able to keep up for 500 seconds without any data loss when input minus 14ppm output plus 2 64ppm output faster by 16 64ppm In test 2 reversed the direction o...

Page 142: ...ever if the ports use different clock sources some ports may be slower that others and there will be differences in the results Know How the Test Equipment Works Understanding the test analysis equipment also impacts results The SMB 2000 uses a GX 1405 SmartCard for each test port Each of these cards has its own crystal oscillator with 50ppm tolerance so there can be different tolerances for each ...

Page 143: ...ference 135 Packet over SONET Modules 10 In this chapter Packet over SONET POS Applications 136 Packet over SONET POS Module Types 137 Packet over SONET POS LEDs 138 POS 3500 3502 Series Modules 139 POS 3504As Module 141 ...

Page 144: ...d in Applications Module Description SmartWindow 7 10 SmartLib 3 10 SmartApps 2 40 SmartSignaling 3 00 SmartMulticastIP 1 25 SmartFlow 1 30 SmartVoIPQoS 1 00 TeraRouting 1 00 AST II All Tests SmartTCP 2 00 SmartxDSL 1 10 SCMT 2 00 VAST 2 11 ScriptCenter 1 20 SmartMetrics TeraMetrics POS Modules Used in SMB 600 6000B Chassis POS 3500B 10 100 Mbps Full Half Duplex X X X X X POS 3500Bs 10 100 Mbps 12...

Page 145: ...lows the integration of Spirent Communications software with other powerful third party programs to provide optimum testing systems In addition the on board processing power of the TeraMetrics module enables total traffic generation and measurement in excess of 1 terabit per second SONET SONET and its European cousin Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH are octet synchronous multiplexing schemes that...

Page 146: ...ion TX INIT Red Green flashing Link is not ready Frame is transmitted Off Ready RX ERR Red flashing Green flashing Rx frame is received with a CRC error Rx frame is received Off Not receiving MGMT LOF Yellow Green flashing Loss of Frame condition exists Management frame is received LOS Yellow Loss of signal optical signal condition exists TRIG LOS Green Yellow POS 3505As When a triggered frame is ...

Page 147: ...ed SMB 600 and SMB 6000B Applications Supported SmartWindow SmartLib SmartFlow BGP Router Test and ScriptCenter ASTII application is available only on the POS 3500B module Devices Tested POS routers and networks Test Objective Performs frame level testing at full OC 12c STM 4 and OC 3c STM 1 wire rate for Packet over SONET SDH routers Tests high speed inter networking between POS and either Gigabi...

Page 148: ...e rate and transmission mode control continuous single burst multi burst continuous multi burst setting 1MB capture buffer enables logging and exporting of filtered events to external protocol analysis equipment Full SmartMetrics testing capabilities include sequence tracking per stream latency over time latency per stream and latency variation Unicast and broadcast traffic effects may be analyzed...

Page 149: ...sing errored SONET SDH frames Features OC 48cSTM 16 wire rate traffic generation and analysis approximately 6 5 million frames per second Capable of generating back to back frames supported by a single flag SONET or SDH framing Each POS module supports one port on the SMB 600 or SMB 6000B chassis Up to two modules may be installed in the SMB 600 chassis Up to twelve modules may be installed in the...

Page 150: ...arious frame rates Real life traffic shaping through random frame length inter frame gap and frame content settings Unicast broadcast and multi cast traffic effects may be analyzed 16MB capture buffer enables logging and exporting of filtered events to external protocol analysis equipment Per port statistics provide counters for transmitted frames received frames received bytes and received CRC er...

Page 151: ...rms 151 ATM Line Event Statistics 155 ATM ILMI Parameters 157 ATM LANE Parameters 158 ATM ARP Parameters 159 ATM Line Parameters 160 Using ATM SmartCards frame level functional testing is supported for Ethernet LAN to ATM ATM to Ethernet LAN and ATM to ATM Note In all latency measurements only the first frame in the stream is measured ATM Cards 11 ...

Page 152: ...0 SmartSignaling 3 00 SmartMulticastIP 1 25 SmartFlow 1 30 SmartVoIPQoS 1 00 TeraRouting 1 00 AST II All Tests SmartTCP 2 00 SmartxDSL 1 10 SCMT 2 00 VAST 2 11 ScriptCenter 1 20 SmartMetrics TeraMetrics ATM Cards Used in SMB 200 2000 Chassis AT 9015 DS1 1 544 Mbps RJ 45 X X X X X AT 9020 E1 2 048 Mbps RJ 45 X X X X X AT9025 25 Mbps RJ 45 X X X X X X AT 9034B E3 34 Mbps BNC X X X X X AT 9045B DS3 4...

Page 153: ...asured from frame transmit rates between an AT 9xxx and other SmartBits cards with 100ns resolution These cards allow one transmit or receive trigger to be defined per card and a maximum of 512 calls per second AT 034B AT 9045B AT 9155C AT 9155Cs AT 9622 and AT 9622s cards These cards support one trigger per connection for a maximum of 2 048 triggers per card and a maximum of 800 calls per second ...

Page 154: ...lashes briefly for each frame transmitted If continuous transmission light is in steady on condition Link is not ready TRIG ALARM Green Red Yellow AT 9015 AT 9020 AT 9025 and AT 9034B Trigger Event indication Flickers for each trigger Alarm Event Flickers for errors in physical layer check Alarm and Line tabs via Display Counters in SmartWindow Errors in PLCP frames when PLCP is configured TRIG AL...

Page 155: ...terface CW Output Power AT 9015 DS1 1 544 Mbps 256 8 388 606 512 RJ 45 N A AT 9020 E1 2 048 Mbps 256 8 388 606 512 RJ 45 N A AT 9025 25 Mbps 256 8 388 606 512 RJ 45 N A AT 9034B E3 34 Mbps 2 048 8 388 606 800 BNC N A AT 9045B DS3 45 Mbps 2 048 8 388 606 800 BNC N A AT 9155C OC 3c STM 1 155 Mbps 2 048 8 388 606 800 SC multimode fiber 1300nm min 19 dBm max 14 dBm AT 9155Cs OC 3c STM 1 155 Mbps 2 048...

Page 156: ...Objective To generate and monitor Ethernet LAN toATM ATM to Ethernet LAN and ATM to ATM internetworking devices and very high performance ATM backbones Frame level testing at full duplex full wire rate on edge devices and switches switch testing at full cell rate and high rate signaling testing for edge devices Measures peak call rate and setup latencies for SVCs Applications Supported SmartWindow...

Page 157: ...tiple cells Protocol support for ILMI UNI 3 x LAN Emulation Client 1 0 LLC SNAP per RFC 1483 and Classical IP per RFC 1577 PPP per RFCs 1661 and 2364 AT 9034B and AT 9045B Special Features The AT 9034B and AT 9045B SmartCards have the following feature enhancements Supports SmartxDSL version 1 01 and higher 2K streams compared to 256 Per VC triggers plus multi burst transmit mode capabilities AAL5...

Page 158: ...rtion can represent either hexadecimal or decimal The default is hexadecimal You can modify the smartbit ini file to change it to represent a decimal value To change the VCI and VPI portion of the cell header to represent decimal instead of hexadecimal enter the following line in the smartbit ini file under the Preferences ATM VPI VCI HEX 0 If you change the value to 1 it represents hexadecimal Ce...

Page 159: ...rame have been read error free LOF Loss of Frame is declared when an out of frame condition is declared for 3 microseconds or longer LOF is cleared when an in frame condition exists for 3 microseconds or longer Line Alarms AIS Line Alarm Indication Signal is set when a binary 111 pattern is detected in bits 6 7 and 8 of the K2 byte for five consecutive frames Line AIS is cleared when a pattern oth...

Page 160: ...for the test LOCD For DS3 and E3 G 832 cell framing modes only Loss of cell delineation This condition is declared when seven consecutive HEC errors occur AT 9045B only For Direct Cell and PLCP mapping modes OOF Out of frame OOF condition detected by the DS3 or E3 framer For AT 9045B DS3 framing An out of frame condition is declared when 3 out of 4 M frames contain M bit or when three out of 16 F ...

Page 161: ...w select the Alarms tab from the Statistics window to display the following alarm conditions for the test LOCD For DS1 and E1 direct framing modes Loss of cell delineation This alarm is set when seven consecutive HEC errors are received OOF Out of frame condition detected by the DS1 or E1 framer LOS Loss of signal detected In DS1 a LOS is declared when 192 zeroes are received before decoding In E1...

Page 162: ...s bit is set to one in DS1 framing modes when 2 of 6 Ft or FPS bits are received in error This field bit is not used in E1 framing modes ATM Alarms AT 9025 SmartCard In SmartWindow select the Alarms tab from the Statistics window to display alarm conditions for the test LOS Loss of Signal condition The SmartCard monitors LOS conditions as follows The SmartCard looks at successive groups of 204 sym...

Page 163: ...ations of the same polarity with HDB3 coding Frame Error The counter only counts when the card is operating in a non LOS condition For DS1 ESF framing mode The total number of CRC 6 errors For E1 framing modes The number of CRC 4 errors that occur Sync Error For AT 9015 DS1 only The total number of multiframes out of synchronization FEBE Error For AT 9020 only The total number of Far End Block err...

Page 164: ...ors This counter is active in the DS3 and E3 direct cell framing modes only A FEBE error is declared when the FEBE bit in the MA octet is high in an E3 G 832 frame FERFs For the AT 9034B only The total number of Far End Receive Failure errors This counter is active in the E3 direct cell framing mode only A FERF error is declared when the FERF bit in the MA octet is high in an E3 G 832 frame PLCP F...

Page 165: ...All ATM Cards Methods Static Assignment or Dynamic Registration The following definitions apply Cold Start Time Enter the frequency that Cold Start traps are sent to the switching device under test while attempting to register an ATM address until the process has been successfully completed Register Timeout Timer Enter the timeout value for failed address registration retries End System Identifier...

Page 166: ...Window SmartLib Card Types All ATM Cards In SmartWindow the LANE parameters are editable in the LANE tab in the ATM Protocol Setup window Note To send packets between Ethernet and ATM SmartCards using LANE you must Send source packets from the Ethernet card so that the device under test can learn the SmartCard MAC address Failure to do this will cause an address resolution failure when attempting ...

Page 167: ... and the LES s ATM address is known ELAN Type Only LANE 802 3 is currently supported ELAN MTU Specify the Maximum Transmission Unit of this ELAN ARP Retry Count Number of ARP retries to attempt before giving up Expected ARP Reps Time Amount of time to wait before retrying to send another LE_ARP or expiring time out ATM ARP Parameters Applications Supported SmartWindow SmartLib Card Types All ATM C...

Page 168: ... cells directly into the DS3 frame with no intermediate mapping DS3 PLCP maps the ATM cells into PLCP frames and maps the PLCP frames into the DS3 frame AT 9155C ATM OC 3c OC3 is for SONET OC 3c type of optical carrier line STM1 enables the European STM 1 framing method equivalent to OC 3c AT 9622 9622s ATM OC 12c 622 Mbps OC 12 is for SONET OC 12c type of optical carrier line The SmartCard maps t...

Page 169: ...p to 266 feet 266 399 Feet Pulse shaping for cable lengths more than 266 feet and up to 399 feet 399 533 Feet Pulse shaping for cable lengths more than 399 feet and up to 533 feet 533 655 Feet Pulse shaping for cable lengths more than 533 feet and up to 655 feet Possible values for attenuation values 7 5 dB Pulse shaping to generate 7 5 dB of attenuation 15 0 dB Pulse shaping to generate 15 0 dB o...

Page 170: ...f the cells using the self synchronized scrambler to facilitate cell delineation Most ATM devices require this feature to be on Unchecked Does not scramble the cell payloads Idle Cell Header Specify the header contents 4 bytes in hexadecimal of the ATM idle cell payload the first four bytes of the header that is transmitted when no data cells are being transmitted SmartWindow calculates the HEC by...

Page 171: ...SmartBits System Reference 163 In this chapter WAN Applications 164 WAN LEDs 166 WN 3405 WN 3415 WN 3420A SmartCards 168 WN 3441A WN 3442A WN 3445A SmartCards 169 WAN Cards 12 ...

Page 172: ...martCards SMB 200 2000 or modules SMB 600 6000B Table 12 1 WAN Cards Used in Applications Card Module Description SmartWindow 7 10 SmartLib 3 10 SmartApps 2 40 SmartSignaling 3 00 SmartMulticastIP 1 25 SmartFlow 1 30 SmartVoIPQoS 1 00 TeraRouting 1 00 AST II All Tests SmartTCP 2 00 SmartxDSL 1 10 SCMT 2 00 VAST 2 11 ScriptCenter 1 20 SmartMetrics TeraMetrics WAN Cards Used in SMB 200 2000 Chassis ...

Page 173: ...rame SF D4 or Extended Super Frame ESF Frame Alignment Signaling FAS and CRC4 Multi frame Alignment Super Frame SF D4 or Extended Super Frame ESF Frame Alignment Signaling FAS and CRC4 Multi frame Alignment Line Encoding NRZ or NRZI B8ZS or AMI HDB3 or AMI B8ZS or AMI HDB3 or AMI Transmit Clock Internal or external Internal or loop timed Internal or loop timed Internal or loop timed Internal or lo...

Page 174: ...down denotes the reverse of any of the above conditions The port is disabled or The physical link is disconnected and not in local loopback or Either a Remote Alarm Indicator RAI or Out of Frame OOF alarm has been detected Card LEDs Table 12 3 on page 167 summarizes the functions of card LEDs These three LEDs indicate status and events for the card as a whole These are designated TX INIT TRIG LINK...

Page 175: ... detection on ANY port if all four port links are up One or more the card s four port links are down Receive Trigger Event indication Flashes briefly for each receive trigger detection on ANY port if one or more port links are down or Card is initializing All of the card s four port links are up RX ERR Green Red Yellow Off Flashes once when any port receives data while ALL of the card s four ports...

Page 176: ...dow SmartLib and SmartApplications Devices Tested WAN switches routers access devices and integrated access devices IADs Test Objective Perform comparative analysis of WAN switches and access devices Evaluate key performance parameters of WAN devices under typical or extreme traffic load conditions Re qualify WAN switches and access devices after firmware upgrades Features These tests provides 2 b...

Page 177: ...g Frame Relay PPP To generate and analyze data network traffic over WAN links To perform high performance internetworking tests between WAN LAN and ATM devices in combination with other SmartCards Port LEDs for the WN 3441A and WN 3442A Cards Table 12 4 summarizes the functions of card LEDs Each port has two LEDs Figure 12 1 on page 170 designated TX LINK and RX ERR These are labeled only on Port ...

Page 178: ...Chapter 12 WAN Cards WN 3441A WN 3442A WN 3445A SmartCards 170 SmartBits System Reference Figure 12 1 Location of Port LEDs on a WN 3442A SmartCard TX LNK Port LEDs RX ERR Port LEDs ...

Page 179: ... 171 In this chapter Token Ring Applications 172 Token Ring LEDs 173 Token Ring Counters 174 TR 8405 Token Ring 4 16Mbps SmartCard 175 Token Ring Operational Detail 176 Ring Protocols Used by the TR 8405 185 Token Ring Cards 13 ...

Page 180: ...y to represent either SmartCards SMB 200 2000 or modules SMB 600 6000B Table 13 1 Token Ring Card Used in Applications Card Module Description SmartWindow 7 10 SmartLib 3 10 SmartApps 2 40 SmartSignaling 3 00 SmartMulticastIP 1 25 SmartFlow 1 30 SmartVoIPQoS 1 00 TeraRouting 1 00 AST II All Tests SmartTCP 2 00 SmartxDSL 1 10 SCMT 2 00 VAST 2 11 ScriptCenter 1 20 SmartMetrics TeraMetrics Token Ring...

Page 181: ...transmission light appears as a steady on condition Tokens transmitted automatically by Token Ring SmartCard do not activate this LED Card not initialized This light is red briefly until the card boots up TRIG BCN Green Red Yellow Trigger Event indication Flashes briefly for each trigger detection Beacon Event Flashes briefly for each beacon event detected Both Beacon Trigger Event occur simultane...

Page 182: ...ive Packet Counter FCS Error Counter Oversize Packet Counter Undersize Counter Bytes Received Counter Trigger Counter MAC Frame Counter Abort Frames Counter Token Rotation Time Additional available counters are error counters derived from decoding MAC frames Line Errors Internal Errors Burst Errors A C Errors Abort Errors Lost Frame Receiver Congestion Frame Copied Frequency Errors Token Errors Pu...

Page 183: ... Supports both TKP Token Passing and TXI Transmit Immediate operation The card performance is effectively doubled when the card is running in TXI mode Determines frame transit times to an accuracy of 0 1µSec that is fast enough to measure the latency of individual ring components Provides Early Token Release User specified option to release the token before stripping the transmitted frame Offers T...

Page 184: ...t frames Token Ring adapters are less tolerant of randomly formed frames and so carelessly made up frames may cause ring restarts or even crash other stations The Token Ring Smartcard can generate Token Ring specific frame headers that are overlaid on the background pattern that make the frames into a form that will co exist with other traffic on the ring This allows users to set up traffic patter...

Page 185: ...and Random Data The user can specify whether the frames are to be random length to have random gaps between them and whether they have random data in them VFDs 1 2 can also be specified as random Random frame lengths frame gaps and frame data is not truly random because frames are precalculated before the card is started and then reused while the card is transmitting The frame lengths and gaps wil...

Page 186: ...n up so that the custom background generates believable Ethernet frames LLC field The RIF field controls the marker in the Source MAC Address and is decoded to the extent that the length is taken from the encoded value in the first two bytes and the maximum frame size is truncated to that in the RIF field An error in the RIF specification will cause the Source Routing part of the header to be turn...

Page 187: ...ntermediate bit unset to lock out a port being tested from the ring When the gap is small the card firmware will limit the number of frames transmitted per token to keep the total Token Holding Time to below 10m Sec Introducing Errors into Frames The TR Smartcard can put one of five hardware errors into frames FCS errors Burst5 errors Setting the Frame Copied bit in FS Setting the Error bit in EDE...

Page 188: ...ated inter frame gap overrides the standard interframe gap but not the interburst gap The minimum gap time for multiburst modes where the burst count is long typically greater than 500 frames will be restricted to 16 bit clocks that is 2µSec on a 16MBits sec ring Ring Statistics The TR Smartcard collects all counts and computes all rate statistics itself using the controller merely as a conduit to...

Page 189: ... Token Errors 32 Number of corrupted tokens FCS Errors 32 Frames that have FCS CRC errors Oversized 32 Frames that exceed the maximum size for the ring speed Aborted Frames 32 Frames that ended with an Abort Delimiter Line Errors 32 Line Error Events Burst Errors 32 Burst Error Events TRT 16 Token Rotation Time the raw count is Tokens per Millisecond Latency Count 32 Latency counter i e time count...

Page 190: ...ement if the trigger pattern specifies a frame Controlling Connections to the Ring The default operation of this card is to silently connect to the ring on startup The card is not programmed to perform the lobe tests duplicate address tests and other MAC exchanges on startup as it is not intended to act as a ring station Although this process is sufficient for most applications envisaged for the c...

Page 191: ...le i e loopback will just switch off the phantom drive If a user wants to perform a formal connect sequence from an application then they can program the application to do the following The loopback control is set to bring the card up under the control of the connection bit The card is set up to send a single burst of 1500 frames using some suitable frame pattern such as the media test MAC frame T...

Page 192: ...r details Dedicated Token Ring Full Duplex Operation Dedicated Token Ring protocols are designed to be used on a point to point link between a single station and a concentrator or a switch acting as a concentrator This link can operate in one of two modes Token Passing TKP essentially the same as the normal Token Ring operation Transmit Immediate TXI a new mode that does not use token access proto...

Page 193: ...n initialization error it will respond if no other card does DTR TXI Operation The TR 8405 will participate in a connection sequence based on the 802 5r draft standard The unit has to have a BIA set to enable this mode of operation The card will generate Registration Request when a station Registration Response when an adapter Lobe Test when a station Insertion Request when a station Insertion Res...

Page 194: ... The Transmit FPGA image The files are in Motorola SRecord format and so can be handled like any other text file The update process using the TRLOAD utility is run from the MS DOS command line The command syntax is TRLOAD Filename Port The filename is required and will be the file to upgrade The Port is optional and is only needed if the computer is not using the default COM2 port to communicate w...

Page 195: ...the cards will reset the FPGAs the top LED will show red and then reset by tripping its internal watchdog After reset the cards will boot up in the normal way and reconnect to their rings In rare cases the reset may not work and so the user may have to power cycle the hubs to restart that card The user can confirm that the image has loaded sucessfully to the cards by restarting the utility since t...

Page 196: ...188 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 197: ...SmartBits System Reference 189 In this chapter Fibre Channel Modules 190 FBC 3601A FBC 3602A Modules 191 Fibre Channel LEDs 193 Fibre Channel Cards 14 ...

Page 198: ...ge complex test environments The wire rate packet generation and analysis capabilities of the Fibre Channel modules allow stress testing of devices and fabrics to determine if they operate correctly under heavy load Repeatable and sophisticated traffic generation capabilities provide a high level of testing accuracy and granularity The modules test devices and networks by generating hundreds of st...

Page 199: ...ny traffic conditions Features Generates up to 512 independent data streams and analyzes up to 64K streams at any given time Supports Point to Point and Loop public and private modes Performs loop initialization fabric login and name server registration for one or many devices Emulates up to 126 source devices on a loop Per stream payload and frame size 4 to 16KB settings and per port transmission...

Page 200: ...annel ports for use in the SmartBits SMB 6000B and SMB 600 chassis Ports are completely independent in operation Up to 12 modules may be installed in the SMB 6000B high density chassis and two modules may be used in the SMB 600 portable chassis System Requirements One open slot in an SMB 6000B or SMB 600 An IBM or compatible Pentium PC computer running Windows 98 or NT Specifications Two independe...

Page 201: ...e 14 1 LED Functions for Fibre Channel Modules LED Color Status Description TX INIT Green Red Off Transmitting frame Card not initialized Ready RX CRCERR Green Red Off Receiving frame Receiving CRC errors Not receiving TRIG OSERR Green Red Yellow Receiving trigger Receiving encoding errors No OS error or trigger LINK Speed Green Red Off Link up 2 Gbps No GBIC link loss of signal Link up 1 Gbps ...

Page 202: ...194 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 203: ...ltiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 RFC 1577 Classical IP and ARP over ATM RFC 2544 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices SmartFlow RFC 1242 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection Devices RFC 2544 Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnect Devices RFC 1112 Host Extensions for IP Multicasting RFC 2285 Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switch...

Page 204: ...T Recommendation Q 2110 SmartxDSL PPP over ATM support with RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5 RFC 1661 The Point to Point Protocol PPP Updated by RFC 2153 RFC 1662 PPP in HDLC like Framing RFC 1332 The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol IPCP Table A 1 RFCs and Standards Supported by SmartBits Applications Applications RFCs Standards Supported ...

Page 205: ... and applies to Ethernet devices that use auto negotiation Note This discussion is not applicable to WAN POS or ATM that use traffic descriptors and other techniques to adjust the transmission between devices In this appendix Gigabit Fiber Auto Negotiation 198 10 100 1000Mbps Copper Ethernet Auto Negotiation 199 Summary of MII Registers and Bit Definitions 204 ...

Page 206: ...Gigabit Ethernet in SmartBits systems does not use MII registers Instead the port sends a configuration register word to the connected interface The configuration word is composed of information similar to that contained in the MIIs and performs an equivalent function In addition for fiber Gigabit Ethernet the auto negotiation protocol sets other parameters that are unique to fiber Gigabit operati...

Page 207: ...on pro cess 10 100 1000Mbps Copper Ethernet Auto Negotiation The capabilities of an interface depend upon the capabilities of the PHY transceiver that is used with the interface For auto negotiation on 10 100Mbps links the PHY transceiver uses a set of registers to store information about its capabilities These registers are called MII registers referring to the 100BASE T specification of a Media ...

Page 208: ...et interfaces 1000BASE T2 Status Register Register 10 Copper Gigabit Only This read only register stores status information on PHY master slave configuration receiver status and Idle Error count for 1000BASE T2 copper Gigabit Ethernet interfaces The PHY also conducts the auto negotiation protocol that exchanges the capability information between the interfaces Once both interfaces know each other ...

Page 209: ... integrity even when it is attached to an auto negotiation hub sending FLP signals To ensure operation with interfaces that do not support Fast Link Pulses or auto negotiation as well as with older 10BASE T interfaces that predate auto negotiation the AN protocol is designed to co exist with non AN interfaces In these cases the operating mode used is that of the non AN interface The auto negotiati...

Page 210: ...Spirent Communications test applications such as SmartApplications AST II SmartFlow and SmartMulticastIP also offer the following three configuration options for auto negotiation Disable AN commonly used Force AN commonly used Registers Untouched for custom advanced test applications The first two of these Disable AN and Force AN are used in most normal test situations The third Registers Untouche...

Page 211: ...ements With this option the software writes no values to the MII registers for speed and duplex setting The user must configure these settings before running the test The application also does not alter the flow control advertisement This option is not recommended for normal test situations and should be used with care Although the application will make a best attempt to ensure that the link is up...

Page 212: ...efer to the IEEE 802 3 specification for more detailed information Table C 2 MII Registers Register Address Register Name 0 Control 1 Status 2 3 PHY Identifier 4 Auto Negotiation Advertisement 5 Auto Negotiation Link Partner Base Page Ability 6 Auto Negotiation Expansion 7 Auto Negotiation Next Page Transmit 8 Auto Negotiation Link Partner Received Next Page 9 1000BASE T2 Control Register 10 1000B...

Page 213: ...eaning 1 1 Reserved 1 0 1000Mbps 0 1 100Mbps 0 0 10Mbps 12 Auto Negotiation Enable 1 Enable AN 0 Disable AN 11 Power Down 1 Power down 0 Normal operation 10 Isolate 1 Electrically isolate PHY from MII or GMII 0 Normal operation 9 Restart Auto Negotiation 1 Restart AN 0 Normal operation 8 Duplex mode 1 Full duplex 0 Half duplex 7 Collision Test 1 Enable COL signal test 0 Disable COL signal test 6 S...

Page 214: ... 100BASE T2 Full Duplex 1 PHY able to perform full duplex 100BASE T2 0 PHY not able to perform full duplex 100BASE T2 9 100BASE T2 Half Duplex 1 PHY able to perform half duplex 100BASE T2 0 PHY not able to perform half duplex 100BASE T2 8 Extended Status 1 Extended status information in Register 15 0 No extended status information in Register 15 7 Reserved Ignored when read 6 MF Preamble Suppressi...

Page 215: ...ent and Register 5 AN Link Partner Bit Name Description 15 Next Page 1 Next Page ability supported 0 Next Page ability not supported 14 Acknowledge Used by AN to indicate that the device has received its Link Partner s Link Code Word 13 Remote Fault Remote fault information 12 Technology Ability Reserved 11 Reserved 10 1 Flow control bit supported 0 Not supported 9 100BASE T4 8 100BASE TX Full Dup...

Page 216: ...t bit value is 0 12 Master Slave Manual Configuration Enable 1 Enable Master Slave Manual Configuration value 0 Disable Master Slave Manual Configuration value 11 Master Slave Manual Configuration Value 1 Configure PHY as Master during AN only when Bit 12 1 0 Configure PHY as Slave during AN only when Bit 12 1 10 T2_Repeater DTE Bit 1 Repeater device port 0 DTE device 9 0 Reserved Ignored when rea...

Page 217: ...ual configuration fault detected 0 Master Slave manual configuration fault not detected 14 Master Slave Configuration Resolution Complete 1 Master Slave configuration resolution has completed 0 Master Slave configuration resolution has not completed 13 Local Receiver Status 1 Local receiver OK 0 Local receiver not OK 12 Remote Receiver Status 1 Remote receiver OK 0 Remote receiver not OK 11 8 Rese...

Page 218: ...210 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 219: ...this appendix This appendix contains the following topics Certifications 212 SmartBits Compliance with CE Requirements 213 This appendix list SmartBits certifications and provides technical information on SmartBits systems with respect to Electro Magnetic Interference EMI ...

Page 220: ...tion against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to r...

Page 221: ...y performance measurements with the ultimate goal of designing the best possible products in every respect To obtain the CE Mark declaration of conformity each Spirent Communications product must pass the following standard tests EN 50081 1 Electro Magnetic Emission Standard EN 50082 1 Electro Magnetic Immunity Standard EN 55022 Radiated and Conducted Emissions Standard IEC 801 2 Electro Static Di...

Page 222: ...ort multi mode optics 5 All SmartCards modules should be fully inserted into the chassis and all thumb screws should be tightened 6 In a crowded engineering prototype lab be careful of the layout of test cables used to connect the SmartBits and devices under test Avoid passing test cables over or under other DUT or live equipment If test cables are very long avoid looping cables around live equipm...

Page 223: ...ce 215 ToS Parameters D The following table provides common Type of Service values for reference only For detailed information refer to RFC 1700 for assigned numbers and to RFCs 791 and 1349 for ToS and standard IP definition ...

Page 224: ...ility 80 128 5 CRITIC ECP Normal Delay Normal Throughput Normal Reliability A0 160 6 Internetwork Control Normal Delay Normal Throughput Normal Reliability C0 192 7 Network Control Normal Delay Normal Throughput Normal Reliability E0 224 0 Routine Low Delay Normal Throughput Normal Reliability 10 16 1 Priority Low Delay Normal Throughput Normal Reliability 30 48 2 Immediate Low Delay Normal Throug...

Page 225: ...hroughput Normal Reliability A8 168 6 Internetwork Control Normal Delay High Throughput Normal Reliability C8 200 7 Network Control Normal Delay High Throughput Normal Reliability E8 232 0 Routine Low Delay High Throughput Normal Reliability 18 24 1 Priority Low Delay High Throughput Normal Reliability 38 56 2 Immediate Low Delay High Throughput Normal Reliability 58 88 3 Flash Low Delay High Thro...

Page 226: ...l Throughput High Reliability 84 132 5 CRITIC ECP Normal Delay Normal Throughput High Reliability A4 164 6 Internetwork Control Normal Delay Normal Throughput High Reliability C4 196 7 Network Control Normal Delay Normal Throughput High Reliability E4 228 0 Routine Low Delay Normal Throughput High Reliability 14 20 1 Priority Low Delay Normal Throughput High Reliability 34 52 2 Immediate Low Delay...

Page 227: ...h Throughput High Reliability 6C 108 4 Flash Override Normal Delay High Throughput High Reliability 8C 140 5 CRITIC ECP Normal Delay High Throughput High Reliability AC 172 6 Internetwork Control Normal Delay High Throughput High Reliability CC 204 7 Network Control Normal Delay High Throughput High Reliability EC 236 0 Routine Low Delay High Throughput High Reliability 1C 28 1 Priority Low Delay ...

Page 228: ... CRITIC ECP Low Delay High Throughput High Reliability BC 188 6 Internetwork Control Low Delay High Throughput High Reliability DC 220 7 Network Control Low Delay High Throughput High Reliability FC 252 Table D 1 Type of Service Values Precedence Value Bit 0 2 Precedence Bit 3 Delay Bit 4 Throughput Bit 5 Reliability Hex Dec ...

Page 229: ...s System Reference 221 In this appendix Ethernet Cables 222 Ethernet Connectors 223 POS Connectors 226 Fiber Optic Cable Signals 227 SmartBits to GPS Receiver Interface 229 SMB 600 6000B Cables and Connectors E ...

Page 230: ... of one meter used between the RJ 45 connectors Straight through Cable for 10 100 1000 Base _____________________________________________________________ Crossover Cable for 10 100 1000 Base Pin Color 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BLUE BLUE WHITE ORANGE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE WHITE BROWN BROWN WHITE Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Color BLUE BLUE WHITE ORANGE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE WHITE BROWN BROWN WHITE Pin Color 1 2...

Page 231: ...hat are supplied and recommended by Spirent Communications The J1 and J2 connectors both carry one set of MII management signals These signals can be configured independently for each four port DUT However for a single eight port DUT the MII management signal from the J2 connector should be used and the corresponding signal at the J1 connector should be ignored Table 1 shows the LAN 3150A connecto...

Page 232: ...TXD3_1 DNC Note 5 O 25 TXEN3 DNC Note 5 65 TXEN3 DNC Note 5 I 26 RXD3_0 RXD3 66 RXD3_0 RXD3 I 27 RXD3_1 DNC Note 5 67 RXD3_1 DNC Note 5 I 28 CRS_DV3 DNC Note 5 68 CRS_DV3 DNC Note 5 I 29 RESET Note 4 DNC Note 5 69 DNC Note 5 DNC Note 5 O 30 GND GND 70 GND GND O 31 TXD4_0 TXD4 71 TXD4_0 TXD4 O 32 TXD4_1 DNC Note 5 72 TXD4_1 DNC Note 5 O 33 TXEN4 DNC Note 5 73 TXEN4 DNC Note 5 I 34 RXD4_0 RXD4 74 RX...

Page 233: ...lex multi mode ____________________________________________________________ LAN 3200As LAN 3201As Connector Connector type Fiber SC duplex to SC duplex single mode ____________________________________________________________ LAN 3201B LAN 3310A LAN 3311A Connector Connector type GBIC Pin Function 1 Rx Gnd 2 RD Rx Data Out 3 RD Rx Data Out 4 SD Rx Signal Detect 5 Vcc Rx 6 Vcc Tx 7 TD Tx Data In 8 T...

Page 234: ...TRD 3 8 TRD 3 ____________________________________________________________ POS Connectors POS 3500B POS 3502A Connector Connector Type Fiber SC duplex to SC duplex multi mode ____________________________________________________________ POS 3500Bs POS 3502As POS 3504As POS 3505As Connector Connector Type Fiber SC duplex to SC duplex single mode ______________________________________________________...

Page 235: ...e fiber cable 62 5 125 50 125 100 140 microns um OCP dtr 1250 SM L2 850nm Min Avg Max Transmit 11 7 3 Receive 3 17 Sensitivity POS 3500B POS 3502A Multi mode fiber 62 5 125 microns um 0 275 NA graded index multimode fiber Transmitter Performance Min Typical Max Optical Outputt Power dBm 20 00 18 00 14 00 Receive Performance Receiver Sensitivity Pmin 26 00 28 00 Max Input Optical Power Pmax 14 00 1...

Page 236: ...r Wavelength λc IR 1274 1310 1356 for λ rms 2 5 nm 1293 1310 1334 for λ rms 4 0 nm Receiver Performance Min Typical Max Receiver Sensitivity Pmin 30 00 32 00 dBm Max Input Optical Power Pmax 7 00 0 dBm Wavelength of operation λ 1100 1600 nm POS 3505As Transmitter Performance Min Typical Max Transmit Avg Optical Power L1 10 00 11 00 8 00 dBm Center Wavelength λc SR 1266 1310 1360 for λ rms 4 0 nm 1...

Page 237: ... The serial AUX port on the rear panel of the SmartBits chassis connects to the GPS Receiver s I O RS 232C serial interface port via the following modem cable supplied in the GPS kit SmartBits P N 240 0006 001 CC 906 Cable SmartBits RS 232 9 pin GPS Receiver RS 232 25 pin TXD RXD GND TXD RXD GND 2 3 5 2 3 7 DB 9 Male Female DCE DB 25 Male Female DTE ...

Page 238: ...230 SmartBits System Reference ...

Page 239: ...x Ethernet Cables 232 Ethernet Connectors 233 Token Ring Cable and Connector 238 WAN Cables and Connectors 239 ATM Cables and Connectors 241 Fiber Optic Cable Signals 244 SmartBits to GPS Receiver Interface 246 SMB 200 2000 Cables and Connectors F ...

Page 240: ...ctors Straight through Cable for 10 100 1000 Base Used with ML 7710 SX 7410 GX 1420B _____________________________________________________________ Crossover Cable for 10 100 1000 Base Used with ML 7710 SX 7410 ST 6410 and GX 1420B Pin Color 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BLUE BLUE WHITE ORANGE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE WHITE BROWN BROWN WHITE Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Color BLUE BLUE WHITE ORANGE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORAN...

Page 241: ...female 80 pin connector The DUT should have the corresponding 80 pin female connector and is connected to the GX 1421A by using the 12 inch cables that is supplied and recommended by Spirent Communications Table 1 on page 234 shows the 80 pin connector pin assignment for SMII and RMII Input and output are identified in the left column as I and O respectively ...

Page 242: ... 3 O 22 GND GND 62 GND GND O 23 TXD3_0 TXD3 63 TXD3_0 TXD3 O 24 TXD3_1 DNC Note 5 64 TXD3_1 DNC Note 5 O 25 TXEN3 DNC Note 5 65 TXEN3 DNC Note 5 I 26 RXD3_0 RXD3 66 RXD3_0 RXD3 I 27 RXD3_1 DNC Note 5 67 RXD3_1 DNC Note 5 I 28 CRS_DV3 DNC Note 5 68 CRS_DV3 DNC Note 5 I 29 RESET Note 4 DNC Note 5 69 DNC Note 5 DNC Note 5 O 30 GND GND 70 GND GND O 31 TXD4_0 TXD4 71 TXD4_0 TXD4 O 32 TXD4_1 DNC Note 5 ...

Page 243: ...TRD 1 4 TRD 2 5 TRD 2 6 TRD 1 7 TRD 3 8 TRD 3 _____________________________________________________________ ST 6410 ML 5710 ML 7710 SX 7410 Connector Connector type RJ 45 female Pin Signal 1 Transmit 2 Transmit 3 Receive 4 Not Connected 5 Not Connected 6 Receive 7 Not Connected 8 Not Connected or Shield for STP _____________________________________________________________ ...

Page 244: ...nnector type USB Pin Signal Wire color 1 VCC Red 2 DATA White 3 DATA Green 4 Ground Black _____________________________________________________________ SE 6205 Connector Connector type DB 15 S female Pin Signal Pin Signal 1 Collision Shield 9 Collision 2 Collision 10 Transmit 3 Transmit 11 Transmit Shield 4 Receive Shield 12 Receive 5 Receive 13 Power 6 Power Return 14 Power Shield 7 Reserved 15 R...

Page 245: ...TX_ER 40 5V 12 TX_CLK _____________________________________________________________ SX 7410B Internal Connector The SX 7410B SmartCard contains an internal connector directly on the printed circuit board This connector provides triggers for external devices such as ocilloscopes protocol analyzers or logic analyzers Use a ribbon cable to connect to the external device The trigger is on the rising e...

Page 246: ...nnectors Crossover Token Ring Cable Token Ring Crossover Cable _____________________________________________________________ TR 8405 Connector Connector type RJ 45 female Pin Signal 1 No Connection 2 No Connection 3 Transmit 4 Receive 5 Receive 6 Transmit 7 No Connection 8 No Connection Pin Color 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BLUE BLUE WHITE ORANGE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE WHITE BROWN BROWN WHITE Pin 1 2 3 4 5 ...

Page 247: ...n Twisted Pair 1 Signal J1 1 J2 1 RX TIP Twisted Pair 1 RTN J1 2 J2 2 RX RING Twisted Pair 2 Signal J1 4 J2 4 TX TIP Twisted Pair 2 RTN J1 5 J2 5 TX RING Crossover Pin Configuration SmartBits P N 620 0103 001 cable Description RJ48C J1 RJ48C TE J2 Signal Pin Pin Twisted Pair 1 Signal J1 1 J2 4 RX TIP Twisted Pair 1 RTN J1 2 J2 5 RX RING Twisted Pair 2 Signal J1 4 J2 1 TX TIP Twisted Pair 2 RTN J1 ...

Page 248: ...01 PGND 19 B 102 SGND 4 P 103 A TD A 22 S 103 B TD B 6 R 104 A RD A 24 T 104 B RD B 2 C 105 RTS 16 D 106 CTS 32 E 107 DSR 29 H 108 DTR 34 F 109 DCD 17 U 113 A SCTE A 35 W 113 B SCTE B 5 Y 114 A SCT A 23 AA 114 B SCT B 8 V 115 A SCR A 26 X 115 B SCR B 15 J 125 RI 14 N 140 RL 10 L 141 LL 18 NN 142 TM _____________________________________________________________ WN 3445 Cable Connector Connector Type...

Page 249: ... external unbalanced require Balun for impedance _____________________________________________________________ ATM Cables and Connectors AT 9015 Cable T1 straight through cable _____________________________________________________________ AT 9020 Connector Connector type RJ 48C female Pin Signal 1 Rx Ring 2 Rx Tip 3 Not Connected 4 Tx Ring 5 Tx Tip 6 Not connected 7 Not connected 8 Not connected _...

Page 250: ...____________________________________________________ AT 9025 Cable Crossover Cable RJ 45 at each end _____________________________________________________________ Pin Color 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BLUE BLUE WHITE ORANGE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE WHITE BROWN BROWN WHITE Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Color BLUE BLUE WHITE Not connected GREEN GREEN WHITE Not connected Not connected Not connected Pin Color 1 2 3 4 5 6 7...

Page 251: ...le to BNC Male _____________________________________________________________ AT 9045 AT 9045B Cable Connector Connector Type BNC DS3 Mode B3ZS Decoding with 75 Ohm Impedance Cable SmartBits P N 620 0217 001 BNC Male to BNC Male _____________________________________________________________ AT 9155C AT 9622 Connector Connector Type Fiber SC Duplex to SC Duplex Multi Mode For details on fiber optic s...

Page 252: ... um Multi mode fiber signal values in dBm ML 7711 SX 7411 100 Full HP HFBR 5903 1300nm Min Avg Max Transmit 20 15 7 14 Receive 14 34 5 Sensitivity GX 1405 OCP dtr 1250 SM L2 850nm Min Avg Max Transmit 9 5 7 4 Receive 4 17 Sensitivity AT 9155C HP part HFBR 5205 1300nm Min Avg Max Transmit 20 10 14 Receive 14 31 Sensitivity AT 9622 HP part HFBR 5208 1300nm Min Avg Max Transmit 19 17 14 Receive 14 26...

Page 253: ...Single mode fiber 8 3 125 8 10 125 microns um Single mode fiber signal values GX 1405Bs HP HFCT 53D5 1300nm Min Avg Max Transmit 9 5 5 3 Receive 3 20 Sensitivity AT 9155s HP part HFCT 5205B 1300nm Min Avg Max Transmit 15 10 8 Receive 8 31 Sensitivity AT 9622s HP part HFCT 5208B 1300nm Min Avg Max Transmit 19 15 8 Receive 8 28 Sensitivity ...

Page 254: ...The serial AUX port on the rear panel of the SmartBits chassis connects to the GPS Receiver s I O RS 232C serial interface port via the following modem cable supplied in the GPS kit SmartBits P N 240 0006 001 CC 906 cable SmartBits RS 232 9 pin GPS Receiver RS 232 25 pin TXD RXD GND TXD RXD GND 2 3 5 2 3 7 DB 9 Male Female DCE DB 25 Male Female DTE ...

Page 255: ... This appendix contains the serial port commands that you can send from your PC directly over the serial port connection to a SmartBits chassis via HyperTerminal or an equivalent terminal emulation program Overview of the Serial Command Set 248 Serial Port Command Set 249 ...

Page 256: ...he HyperTerminal window Figure G 1 SmartBits 200 2000 Firmware Commands available via HyperTerminal Figure G 2 SMB 600 6000B Firmware Commands available via HyperTerminal For details on connecting your PC to the SmartBits serial port please refer to your SmartBits installation manual The SmartBits 200 2000 chassis do not have super user commands or passwords The SmartBits 600 6000B chassis offer a...

Page 257: ... current IP address If the IP address or the syntax is bad it will display the following error message IP address entered is not accepted SVIPADDR xxx xxx xxx xxx This command specifies and saves the SmartBits IP address The change takes effect following a power cycle or reset PORTNO xxxxx Display or modify the TCP port number for the SmartBits chassis IDLEMAX x Display or modify idle logout time ...

Page 258: ...xxxxx SMB 200 2000 only To set the baud rate to 9600 19200 38400 or 115200 for the serial connection SVBAUD xxxxx SMB 200 2000 only Changes the baud rate and saves the new value to flash USERS Used with Multi User chassis only SMB 2000 600 6000B to display all users who are logged onto the SmartBits chassis For information only This command prints out a chart of all logged on Ethernet connections ...

Page 259: ...fy SuperUser password you must know the old password You can guess the password as many times as you wish The factory default password is SMB 6000 This command provides a mechanism to alter the superuser password First the current password must be correctly entered at the prompt Please enter Super user password If not correctly entered an error string Incorrect Super user password is displayed The...

Page 260: ...SMB 600 6000B only To set the security password for use with the SmartAccess utility This command prompts you for a password SECURITY SAVE SMB 600 6000B only To save the security password for use with the SmartAccess utility Table G 1 Serial Port Command Set for SmartBits Chassis Command Description ...

Page 261: ...ix A RFCs and Standards Supported Most listed features are available in SmartWindow and have corresponding commands in SmartLib many of these features and terms are used throughout other SmartBits applications as well For variations on a given feature please consult the online help at http www netcomsystems com or user guide of each application In this section Features and Terminology 254 Glossary...

Page 262: ...to by either the local stack or the protocol stream if the target IP address in the ARP request packet matches the Source IP address in the stream or stack Setting the gateway to all 0 s will direct frames to the destination IP address This will perform ARP exchanges with the destination port for local traffic or in Layer 2 tests will serve the purpose of learning frames through a Layer 2 device a...

Page 263: ... and cards Data Integrity controls payload integrity When enabled for a card it informs you that the payload portion and only the payload portion of the frame has an error The SmartMetrics Sequence and Latency Test and Capture function can detect and record a data integrity error event encapsulation types The following types of encapsulation are available VC Mux Routed null encapsulation VC Multip...

Page 264: ...IS From a client s perspective the ATMARP architecture stays faithful to the basic ARP model presented in 3 One IP subnet is used for many hosts and routers Each VC directly connects two IP members within the same LIS RFC2225 LLC PPP LLC encapsulated PPP over AAL5 is the alternative technique to VC multiplexed PPP over AAL5 The AAL5 CPCS PDU payload field is encoded LLC header 2 bytes encoded to s...

Page 265: ...h SmartMetrics mode stream is Reserved for Smart Bits usage Any values inserted into a custom packet in the last 18 bytes will be over written by the SmartMetrics signature data GBIC Copper gigabit interface converter GBIC is an industry standard interface that allows users to change the physical interface to support either multi mode or single mode fiber grouping ports The concept of Group allows...

Page 266: ...MP allows group information and multi cast forwarding tables to be dynamically maintained Hosts send an IGMP membership report to join a group Once joined hosts must respond to periodic router queries to maintain their membership status If a host fails to respond to queries for a specified interval its membership is automatically removed An updated version of IGMP version 2 allows hosts to explici...

Page 267: ...pts Tcl is a flexible programming language noted for its on the fly command line capabilities Tcl enables you to test a function call from the text based command line without having to compile a program This allows you to test your code line by line Protocol Editor The Protocol Editor is a spreadsheet that allows you to set up and edit the parameters related to a protocol in use for a VTE stream i...

Page 268: ...Gap Single Burst Mode Up to 16 million packets in a single burst with user selected Interpacket Gap Multiburst Mode Up to 65 536 repetitive bursts with a user adjustable delay in 62 5 nanosecond intervals maximum 1 6 seconds between each burst Echo Mode Sends one packet when a trigger occurs Continuous Multiburst Mode Runs multiburst mode continuously triggers See also Triggers and Errored Frames ...

Page 269: ...s except that in the SmartBits customizable stream VFD3 can be used to enter the custom protocol header and payload On SmartMetrics and TeraMetrics cards varied frame generation is accomplished via streams and SmartFlows Frame Relay cards The frame relay cards support VFD1 and VFD2 in SmartMetrics streams They support VFD3 in limited fashion where range is the total number of bytes usable from the...

Page 270: ...f the display that states MAC dest or MAC source is cleared Note The capabilities of VFD1 2 differ slightly among the various SmartCard types The most notable difference is the capability of a recycle count in the ST 6410 SX 7205 and TR 8405 SmartCards When enabled this feature allows the user to enter a value for the number of times to increment or decrement the VFD Once this number is reached th...

Page 271: ...er frame This expanded capability makes it useful for defining the upper layer protocol fields for a frame The following picture is the main setup for VFD3 In this case a Custom Hex state for the VFD has been selected at an offset of 96 bits into the frame Similar to VFD2 VFD3 supports an option to place the VFD adjacent to VFD2 In this example the number of packets or more easily understood as th...

Page 272: ... and continues Caution The VFD3 will not skip forward to the start of the next pattern or reuse the cur rent pattern The next packet will start with the next untransmitted byte of the current pat tern If VFD3 is used to control protocol information generally this will not be a problem Collisions usually start during the preamble and continue for 96 bit times This duration of the collision would co...

Page 273: ...s 155 AT 9020 card 155 alarms 153 line event statistics 155 AT 9034 card 156 alarms 152 line event statistics 156 AT 9034B card 148 AT 9045 card 156 alarms 152 line event statistics 156 AT 9045B card 148 AT 9155C card 148 AT 9155CL card 148 AT 9622 card 148 157 line event statistics 157 AT 9622 OC 12c SmartCard Alarms 151 AT 9622L card 148 ATM alarm event statistics 155 alarms 151 architecture 21 ...

Page 274: ...ed 44 core manuals 8 counters alignment 115 CRC errors 120 custom editor 257 Cut Through and Store Forward devices 255 cycling power 42 D data integrity 255 check 120 checksum 91 data link connection identifier 71 data sheets 9 documentation 8 download firmware 40 dribble errors 115 duplex mode 120 E EC requirements compliance 213 echo on command 249 editing frame content 257 EMI guidelines 211 em...

Page 275: ...50A module connector 224 234 LAN 3201x series modules 104 LAN 3300 series modules 106 LANE Tab 158 Latency Distribution measurement 127 Latency over Time measurement 127 Latency per Stream measurement 127 latency resolution 125 latency testing 255 Layer 2 and 3 testing 258 Layer 2 testing 255 Layer 3 SmartCards 258 Multilayer SmartCards 258 LEDs ATM 146 Packet over SONET 138 Token Ring 173 line ev...

Page 276: ...er 67 description 67 security commands 251 seminars 10 Sequence Tracking measurement 127 serial port command summary 248 sernum command 249 signature field 23 overwriting 257 single mode SC duplex fiber cable 228 single user chassis SMB 200 28 SmartApplications 47 Smartbit ini 254 smartbit ini 150 SmartBits architecture 18 certifications 211 chassis models summary 14 software vs card usage summary...

Page 277: ...ffic rates 128 training classes 9 Transmit ARP Replies 254 trigger 173 triggers added Rx 91 truncation exponent 254 Type of Service ToS parameters 215 U under oversize errors 115 UNIX programming 259 requirements 44 updates for manuals software firmware 9 User Guide related manuals 5 users command 250 V VAST program 64 ver command 249 VFD1 262 263 VFD1 and VFD2 bit level control 262 VFD2 263 VFD3 ...

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