| Heart and Lung Sounds | User Guide |
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Location
Heart Sound
Comment
Base Right
Base Sound
Patient has a normal heart with mild anemia. The heart
is hyperdynamic and has elevated cardiac output. S2 is
accentuated at the base.
Fixed Split S2
Patient has an atrial septal defect which increases low
through the right heart, prolongs RV systole and also
produces a mid-systolic murmur (MSM) because of increased
low through the RV outlow tract.
Base Left
Physiological Split
S2
The splitting of S2 is easily heard during inspiration and
the second sound is single during expiration. The second
component of the split sound (P2) is accentuated.
Split S2
S2 is variably split during mid-inspiration, as three beats are
repeated.
Left Side
Sternal
Border
Paradoxical Split S2
The splitting of S2 is heard during expiration, but the sound
becomes single during inspiration.(The background noise is
increased during inspiration.)
Opening Snap
Patient has mitral stenosis, responsible for an early crisp
diastolic sound heard at the base 0.08 seconds after S2. S1
is usually loud at the base, which relects mitral stenosis.
Friction Rub
Patient has uremic pericarditis, which leads to rubbing of
roughened visceral and parietal pericardial surfaces against
one another. The 3 component rub exists during deep
inspiration.
Apex
Apex Sound
Patient has a normal heart with mild anemia. The heart is
hyperdynamic and has elevated cardiac output.
Mid-Systolic Click
Patient has mitral prolapse, which produces a mid-systolic
click heard during inspiration.
S3 Sound
Patient has a readily heard third heart sound. S3 occurs later
in diastole than the opening snap.
Intermittent S4
Patient has left ventricular hypertrophy, and has a fourth
sound (S4) which is not heard on every cycle. The sound is
presystolic, about 0.1 second before S1.
Starr-Edwards Valve
This ball-in-cage mitral prosthesis has a mechanical closing
sound (S1) and one or more diastolic sounds caused by the
ball bouncing within the cage.
Trachea
Tracheal Sounds
Expiration sounds are louder, have a higher pitch, and are
of longer duration than during inspiration. The silent period
or pause following expiration is longer than the one between
expiration and inspiration.
Stridor Sounds
Patient has marked respiratory distress, and a narrow
aperture between the vocal cords that produces a high
pitched tone during both inspiration and expiration. During the
end of expiration, there is an abrupt drop in pitch.
Upper
Anterior
(Two Sites)
Bronchial Sounds
Breath sounds are similar to tracheal sounds in that
the expiratory phase is louder and lasts longer than the
inspiratory phase. The major distinguishing characteristic is
the high pitched, harsh quality of the expiratory phase.
Wheezing Sounds
These musical wheezing sounds are often heard in asthma
patients. During inspiration, the wheeze is slightly higher in
pitch than during expiration. Wheezing in asthmatics is often
present in either one or both phases of respiration.
Summary of Contents for Super Chloe S222.100
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