210
7679H–CAN–08/08
AT90CAN32/64/128
Figure 18-9.
Overview of the TWI Module
18.5.1
SCL and SDA Pins
These pins interface the AVR TWI with the rest of the MCU system. The output drivers contain a
slew-rate limiter in order to conform to the TWI specification. The input stages contain a spike
suppression unit removing spikes shorter than 50 ns. Note that the internal pullups in the AVR
pads can be enabled by setting the PORT bits corresponding to the SCL and SDA pins, as
explained in the I/O Port section. The internal pull-ups can in some systems eliminate the need
for external ones.
18.5.2
Bit Rate Generator Unit
This unit controls the period of SCL when operating in a Master mode. The SCL period is con-
trolled by settings in the TWI Bit Rate Register (TWBR) and the Prescaler bits in the TWI Status
Register (TWSR). Slave operation does not depend on Bit Rate or Prescaler settings, but the
CPU clock frequency in the slave must be at least 16 times higher than the SCL frequency. Note
that slaves may prolong the SCL low period, thereby reducing the average TWI bus clock
period. The SCL frequency is generated according to the following equation:
• TWBR = Value of the TWI Bit Rate Register
• TWPS = Value of the prescaler bits in the TWI Status Register
Note:
TWBR should be 10 or higher if the TWI operates in Master mode. If TWBR is lower than 10, the
master may produce an incorrect output on SDA and SCL for the reminder of the byte. The prob-
lem occurs when operating the TWI in Master mode, sending Start + SLA + R/W to a slave (a
slave does not need to be connected to the bus for the condition to happen).
TWI
Unit
Address Register
(TWAR)
Address Match Unit
Address Comparator
Control Unit
Control Register
(TWCR)
Status Register
(TWSR)
State Machine and
Status control
SCL
Slew-rate
Control
Spike
Filter
SDA
Slew-rate
Control
Spike
Filter
Bit Rate Generator
Bit Rate Register
(TWBR)
Prescaler
Bus Interface Unit
START / STOP
Control
Arbitration detection
Ack
Spike Suppression
Address/Data Shift
Register (TWDR)
SCL frequency
CLKio
16
2(TWBR) 4
TWPS
⋅
+
-----------------------------------------------------------
=
