Arcteq AQ-G215 Instruction Manual Download

Page: 436 / 458

Current inputs

Phase current inputs: I

(A), I

(B), I

(C)

Residual current channel I

(Coarse)

Residual current channel I

(Fine)

Pick-up

Harmonic selection

, 3

, 4

, 5

, 6

, 9

, 11

, 13

, 15

, 17

or 19

Used magnitude

Harmonic per unit (× I

)

Harmonic relative (Ih/IL)

Pick-up setting

0.05…2.00 × I

, setting step 0.01 × I

(× I

)

5.00…200.00 %, setting step 0.01 % (Ih/IL)

Inaccuracy:

- Starting × I

- Starting × Ih/IL

<0.03 × I

, 3

, 5

)

<0.03 × I

tolerance to Ih (2

, 3

, 5

)

Operation time

Definite time function operating time setting

0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s

Inaccuracy:

- Definite time (I

SET

ratio >1.05)

±1.0 % or ±35 ms

IDMT setting parameters:

k Time dial setting for IDMT

A IDMT constant

B IDMT constant

C IDMT constant

0.01…25.00, step 0.01

0…250.0000, step 0.0001

0…5.0000, step 0.0001

0…250.0000, step 0.0001

Inaccuracy:

- IDMT operating time

- IDMT minimum operating time

±1.5 % or ±20 ms

±20 ms

Instant operation time

Start time and instant operation time (trip):

SET

ratio >1.05

<50 ms

Reset

Reset ratio

95 % of the pick-up setting

Reset time setting

Inaccuracy: Reset time

0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s

±1.0 % or ±35 ms

Instant reset time and start-up reset

<50 ms

Notte!

• Harmonics generally: The amplitude of the harmonic content has to be least 0.02 × I

when

the relative mode (Ih/IL) is used.

• Blocking: To achieve fast activation for blocking purposes with the harmonic

overcurrent stage, note that the harmonic stage may be activated by a rapid load change or

fault situation. An intentional activation lasts for approximately 20 ms if a harmonic

component is not present. The harmonic stage stays active if the harmonic content is above

the pick-up limit.

• Tripping: When using the harmonic overcurrent stage for tripping, please ensure that the

operation time is set to 20 ms (DT) or longer to avoid nuisance tripping caused by the above-

mentioned reasons.

9.2.1.7 Circuit breaker failure protection (CBFP; 50BF/52BF)

Table. 9.2.1.7 - 315. Technical data for the circuit breaker failure protection function.

Measurement inputs

Q-G215

-G215

Instruction manual

Version: 2.04

435

Summary of Contents for AQ-G215

Page 1: ...AQ G215 Generator protection IED Instruction manual ...

Page 2: ... protection Idir 67 108 5 3 5 Directional earth fault protection I0dir 67N 32N 116 5 3 6 Negative sequence overcurrent phase current reversal current unbalance protection I2 46 46R 46L 129 5 3 7 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H 134 5 3 8 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF 52BF 141 5 3 9 Overvoltage protection U 59 156 5 3 10 Undervoltage protection U 27 163 5 3 11 Neutral o...

Page 3: ... examples tion examples 390 390 7 1 Connections of AQ G215 390 7 2 Application example and its connections 392 7 3 Two phase three wire ARON input connection 393 7 4 Trip circuit supervision 95 394 8 Construction and installa 8 Construction and installation tion 399 399 8 1 Construction 399 8 2 CPU module 402 8 3 Current measurement module 404 8 4 Voltage measurement module 405 8 5 Digital input m...

Page 4: ...y and underfrequency protection f 81O 81U 438 9 2 1 12 Rate of change of frequency protection df dt 81R 439 9 2 1 13 Machine thermal overload protection TM 49M 440 9 2 1 14 Power protection P Q S 32 441 9 2 1 15 Underimpedance protection Z 21U 441 9 2 1 16 Voltage restrained overcurrent protection Iv 51V 442 9 2 1 17 100 stator earth fault protection U03rd 64S 443 9 2 1 18 Resistance temperature d...

Page 5: ...y or extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements Furthermore the manufacturer shall not be liable for possible errors in this document Please...

Page 7: ...tion block diagram and application example with wiring Added fault registers to Z function description Added General menu description Revision 2 01 Date 6 11 2019 Changes Added description for LED test and button test Complete rewrite of every chapter Improvements to many drawings and formula images Order codes revised Added double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module and Double RJ45 10 100 M...

Page 8: ...ed disturbance recorder maximum digital channel amount from 32 to 95 Added residual current coarse and fine measurement data to disturbance recorder description HSO1 and HSO2 connection swapped in arc protection card was way wrong before Updated I01 and I02 rated current range Added inches to Dimensions and installation chapter Added raising frames wall mounting bracket combiflex frame to order co...

Page 9: ...ions Added sequence voltage function description Order code updated Revision 1 02 Date 23 4 2014 Changes Under excitation text revised Revision 1 03 Date 12 1 2016 Changes Added digital input operation description Revision 1 04 Date 30 5 2016 Changes Added PCB and Terminal options to order code table Revision 1 05 Date 30 8 2016 Changes Added password set up guide previously only in AQtivate user ...

Page 10: ...dule CTS Current transformer supervision DG Distributed generation DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DI Digital input DO Digital output DOL Direct on line DR Disturbance recorder DT Definite time FF Fundamental frequency FFT Fast Fourier transform FTP File Transfer Protocol GI General interrogation HMI Human machine interface HR Holding register HV High voltage HW Hardware IDMT Inverse defi...

Page 11: ...me Protocol RMS Root mean square RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RTD Resistance temperature detector RTU Remote terminal unit SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition SG Setting group SOTF Switch on to fault SW Software THD Total harmonic distortion TRMS True root mean square VT Voltage transformer VTM Voltage transformer module VTS Voltage transformer supervision A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruct...

Page 12: ...cts please consult their respective device manuals The AQ G215 generator protection IED is well suited for machines requiring complete generator protections It can be combined with AQ T216 to protect larger machines requiring differential protection and greater protection redundancy There are up to three 3 option card slots available for additional I O or communication cards for more comprehensive...

Page 13: ...nfigurable 2 Sixteen 16 freely configurable LEDs with programmable legend texts 3 Three 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with the Ctrl Ctrl button and control the breaker or other object with the I I and O O buttons 4 The L R L R button switches between the local and the remote control modes 5 Eight 8 buttons for IED local programming the four navigation arrows and the E Ent...

Page 14: ...ght be different if you have changed the view with AQtivate s Carousel Designer tool Figure 4 2 1 2 Basic navigation general The Home Home button switches between the quick display carousel and the main display with the six 6 main configuration menus General Protection Control Communication Measurements and Monitoring Note that the available menus vary depending on the device type You can select o...

Page 15: ...e 4 2 2 3 Main configuration menus 4 3 General menu The General main menu is divided into two submenus the Device info tab presents the information of the device while the Function comments tab allows you to view all comments you have added to the functions Figure 4 3 4 General menu structure A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 14 ...

Page 16: ...nted on the sticker located on the side of the unit Time synchronization source 0 Internal 1 External NTP 2 External Serial 3 IRIG B 0 Internal If an external clock time synchronization source is available the type is defined with this parameter In the internal mode there is no external Timesync source IRIG B requires a serial fiber communication option card Enable stage forcing 0 Disabled 1 Enabl...

Page 17: ...ult view If set to 0 s this feature is not in use LED test 0 1 Activated 0 When activated all LEDs are lit up LEDs with multiple possible colors blink each color Reset latches 0 1 Reset 0 Resets the latched signals in the logic and the matrix When a reset command is given the parameter automatically returns back to Measurement recorder 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables the measurement record...

Page 18: ...es the Stage activation submenu as well as the submenus for all the various protection functions categorized under the following modules Arc protection Current Voltage Frequency Sequence and Supporting see the image below The available functions depend on the device type in use A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 17 ...

Page 19: ...ting function is disabled by default When you activate one of the stages its activated menu appears in the stage specific submenu For example the I overcurrent protection stage can be found in the Current module whereas the U undervoltage protection stage can be found in the Voltage module Figure 4 4 9 Submenus for Stage activation A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 18 ...

Page 20: ...of activated current stages through the Current module and selects the I stage for further inspection Figure 4 4 10 Accessing the submenu of an individual activated stage Each protection stage and supporting function has five sections in their stage submenus Info Settings Registers I O and Events Figure 4 4 11 Info The Info section offers many details concerning the function and its status A AQ Q ...

Page 21: ...Active settings displays the setting group that is currently in use and its settings other setting groups can be set in the Settings section While the function is activated and disabled in the Stage activation submenu you can disable the function through the Info section Function mode at the top of the section Figure 4 4 12 Settings The stage settings vary depending on which protection function th...

Page 22: ...pecific fault data There are twelve 12 registers and each of them includes data like the pre fault value the fault value the time stamp and the active group during the trigger Data included in the register depend on the protection function You can clear the the operation register by choosing Clear registers Clear General event register stores the event generated by the stage These general event re...

Page 23: ...e LEDs If the stage is blocked internally DI or another signal you can configure an output to indicate the stage that is blocked A connection to an output can be either latched x or non latched x Blocking input control allows you to block stages The blocking can be done by using any of the following digital inputs logical inputs or outputs the START TRIP or BLOCKED information of another protectio...

Page 24: ...to event history which can be accessed in the Events view in the user view section 4 5 Control menu Main menu The Control main menu includes submenus see the image above for enabling the various control functions and objects Controls enabled for enabling and controlling the setting groups Setting groups for configuring the objects Objects for setting the various control functions Control functions...

Page 25: ...Objects submenu see the section Objects below for more information Setting groups Figure 4 5 17 Setting groups submenu The Setting groups submenu displays all the information related to setting group changing such as the following A Activ ctive se e set tting gr ting group oup displays the current active setting group SG1 SG8 F For orce se ce set tting gr ting group change oup change this setting ...

Page 26: ...into the event history Setting group 1 SG1 has the highest priority while Setting group 8 SG8 has the lowest priority Setting groups can be controlled with pulses or with both pulses and static signals see the image below Figure 4 5 18 Example of setting group SG changing Objects Figure 4 5 19 Objects submenu Each activated object is visible in the Objects submenu By default all objects are disabl...

Page 27: ...ct cart are 1 A Additional sta dditional stat tus inf us informa ormation tion gives feedback from the object on whether the opening and closing are allowed or blocked whether the object is ready and whether the synchronization status is ok Use synchr Use synchrocheck ocheck and Use Ob Use Object r ject read eady y closing the object is forbidden when the sides are not synchronized or when the obj...

Page 28: ...and pulse length defines the maximum length of Open and Close commands If the status has changed before the maximum pulse length has elapsed the pulse is cut short Contr Control t ol termina ermination timeout tion timeout If the status of the object does not change during the set time an Open Close request failed event is recorded After the set delay if the controlled object does not respond acco...

Page 29: ...tput relays as well as to user configurable LEDs A connection to an output can be either latched x or non latched x Object blocking is done in the Blocking input control subsection It can be done by any of the following digital inputs logical inputs or outputs object status information as well as stage starts trips or blocks Figure 4 5 22 Registers section A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Versi...

Page 30: ...nts are masked off You can activate the desired events by masking them x Please remember to save your maskings by confirming the changes with the check mark icon If you want to cancel the changes select the strike through circle to do so Only masked events are recorded to the event history which can be accessed in the Events view in the user view section Control functions Once a control function h...

Page 31: ...nitored magnitude between Peak to peak TRMS or RMS the default is RMS the available magnitudes depend on the function Sta Statistics tistics indicates the number of function starts trips and blocks can be cleared through Clear statistics Clear Mea Measur surements ements displays the measurements carried out by the function A Activ ctive se e set ttings tings displays the setting group that is cur...

Page 32: ...ing tool Stored in the Registers section you can find both Operation event register and General event register Operation event register stores the function s specific operation data There are twelve 12 registers and each of them includes data like the pre fault value the fault value the time stamp and the active group during the trigger Data included in the register depend on the control function ...

Page 33: ...Ds If the stage is blocked internally by a digital input or another signal you can configure an output to indicate the stage that is blocked A connection to an output can be either latched x or non latched x Blocking input control allows you to block stages The blocking can be done by using any of the following digital inputs logical inputs or outputs the START TRIP or BLOCKED information of anoth...

Page 34: ...history which can be accessed in the Events view in the user view section Device I O Figure 4 5 30 Device I O submenu The Device I O submenu is divided into the following nine sections Digital inputs Digital outputs mA Outputs LED settings Device I O matrix Programmable control switch Programmable Mimic Indicator Logic signals and GOOSE matrix Please note that digital inputs logic outputs protecti...

Page 35: ...measured peak value The activation time of an input is 5 10 ms The release time with DC is 5 10 ms while with AC it is less than 25 ms The first three digital inputs don t have activation and release threshold voltage settings as these have already been defined when the unit was ordered Digital input statuses can be checked from the corresponding subsection Digital input status The Digital input d...

Page 36: ...ut output selection lists NO NOTE TE An NC signal goes to the default position NO if the relay loses the auxiliary voltage or if the system is fully reset However an NC signal does not open during voltage or during System full reset An NC output signal does not open during a Communication or Protection reset Figure 4 5 33 LED settings section The LED settings section allows you to modify the indiv...

Page 37: ...latched signal stays active until the triggering signal deactivates and the latched function is manually cleared You can clear latched signals by entering the mimic display and the pressing the Back Back button on the panel Figure 4 5 35 Programmable control switch section Programmable control switches PCSs are switches that can be used to control signals while in the mimic view These signals can ...

Page 38: ...0 or 1 64 GOOSE input signal status bits the status of a bit is either 0 or 1 64 quality bits for GOOSE input signals the status of a bit is either 0 or 1 Logical input signals can be used when building a logic with the AQtivate setting tool The status of a logical input signal can be changed either from the mimic or through SCADA By default logical inputs use Hold mode in which the status changes...

Page 39: ...tputs have both ON and OFF events and they can be masked on when necessary they are masked off by default NO NOTE TE Please refer to the System integration chapter for a more detailed description of the use of logical signals 4 6 Communication menu The Communication main menu includes four submenus Connections Protocols General IO and Realtime signals to Comm All devices can be configured through ...

Page 40: ...basic settings of RS 485 port in the back panel of the unit Bitrate displays the bitrate of the RS 485 serial communication interface 9600 bps as standard although can be changed to 19 200 bps or 38 400 bps if an external device supports the faster speed Databits Parity and Stopbits these can be set according the connected external devices Protocol by default the device does not have any serial pr...

Page 41: ...ynchronization over Ethernet and can be used simultaneously with the ethernet based communication protocols IEC 61850 Ethernet based communication protocol Modbus TCP Ethernet communication protocol Modbus RTU Serial communication protocol IEC103 Serial communication protocol IEC101 104 The standards IEC 60870 5 101 and IEC 60870 5 104 are closely related On the physical layer the IEC 101 protocol...

Page 42: ...e transformers is defined in the Transformers submenu while the system nominal frequency is specified in the Frequency submenu Other submenus are mainly for monitoring purposes Transformers Figure 4 7 41 Transformers section Transformers menu is used for setting up the measurement settings of available current transformer modules or voltage transformer modules Some unit types have more than one CT...

Page 43: ... unit scaling factors VT module Figure 4 7 43 VT module section Voltage transformer settings include voltage measurement mode selection voltage transformer nominal settings and voltage channel polarity switching Voltage transformer setting defines what kind of voltages are connected to the VT module card The voltages are three line to line voltages three line to neutral voltages two line to line v...

Page 44: ...requency measurements use the fixed sampling mode as the default and System nominal frequency should be set to the desired level When Sampling mode is set to Tracking the device uses the measured frequency value as the system nominal frequency There are three frequency reference channels f Ref1 fRef2 and fRef3 With these parameters it is possible to set up three voltage or current channels to be u...

Page 45: ...y currents and Phase angle and they display the RMS TRMS and peak to peak values amplitude and power THD values as well as the angle of each measured component Sequence currents has also been further divided into the four above mentioned sections and it calculates the positive negative and neutral sequence currents Harmonics displays current harmonics up to the 31st harmonic for the three phase cu...

Page 46: ...ues of per unit and secondary voltages as well as phase angles Sequence voltages displays the per unit primary and secondary voltages as well as phase angles and it calculates the positive negative and neutral sequence voltages System voltages displays primary voltage magnitudes and primary voltage angles Harmonics displays harmonics up to the 31st harmonic for all four voltages U1 U2 U3 U4 each c...

Page 47: ...the settings by which the power and energy calculations are made In the settings you can also activate and then set the parameters for the Energy dose counter mode Power measurements displays all three phase powers as well as the powers of individual phases Energy measurements displays the three phase energy as well as the energies of the individual phases Impedance calculations Figure 4 7 48 Impe...

Page 48: ...ctances both primary and secondary of the positive sequence as well as its primary and secondary impedances and the impedance angle Phasors Figure 4 7 49 Phasors submenu The Phasors submenu holds the vector displays for voltages and currents as well as the various calculated components the IED may have e g power impedance Phasors are helpful when solving incorrect wiring issues 4 8 Monitoring menu...

Page 49: ...ns submenu see the section Monitor functions below for more information Monitor functions Figure 4 8 52 Monitor function view Configuring monitor functions is very similar to configuring protection and control stages They too have the five sections that display information Info set the parameters Settings show the inputs and outputs I O and present the events and registers Events and Registers A A...

Page 50: ...lays the number of recordings currently in the disturbance recorder s memory Recorder trigger shows which signals or other states has been selected to trigger the recording digital input logical input or output signals of a stage object position etc by default nothing triggers the recorder Recording length displays the length of a single recording and can be set between 0 1 1800 seconds Recording ...

Page 51: ...correctly without problems If you see something out of the ordinary in the Device diagnostics submenu and cannot reset it please contact the closest representative of the manufacturer or the manufacturer of the device itself 4 9 Configuring user levels and their passwords As a factory default no user level is locked with a password in an IED In order to activate the different user levels click the...

Page 52: ...l whose password is being changed must be unlocked As mentioned above the access level of the different user levels is indicated by the number of stars The required access level to change a parameter is indicated with a star symbol if such is required As a general rule the access levels are divided as follows User Can view any menus and settings but cannot change any settings nor operate breakers ...

Page 53: ...ions signal descriptions etc and can operate breakers and other equipment Super user Can change any setting and can operate breakers and other equipment NO NOTE TE Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour 30 minutes of inactivity A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 52 ...

Page 54: ...1N Non directional earth fault protection DEF 4 I0dir I0dir I0dir I0dir 67N 32N Directional earth fault protection OV 4 U U U U 59 Overvoltage protection UV 4 U U U U 27 Undervoltage protection NOV 4 U0 U0 U0 U0 59N Neutral overvoltage protection FRQV 8 f f f f f f f f 81O 81U Overfrequency and underfrequency protection ROCOF 1 df dt 1 8 81R Rate of change of frequency CUB 4 I2 I2 I2 I2 46 46R 46L...

Page 55: ...ower protection PGS 1 PGx 99 Programmable stage VMEM 1 Voltage memory ARC 1 IArc I0Arc 50Arc 50NArc Arc fault protection optional Table 5 1 5 Control functions of AQ G215 Name IEC ANSI Description SGS Setting group selection OBJ Object control and monitoring 5 objects available CIN Indicator object monitoring 5 indicators available VJP Δφ 78 Vector jump SYN ΔV Δa Δf 25 Synchrocheck PCS Programmabl...

Page 56: ...d protection functions It is essential to understand the concept of current measurements to be able to get correct measurements Figure 5 2 1 55 Current measurement terminology P PRI RI The primary current i e the current which flows in the primary circuit and through the primary side of the current transformer SEC SEC The secondary current i e the current which the current transformer transforms a...

Page 57: ... nominal current makes motor protection much easier and more straightforward In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the current transformer s primary current secondary current and motor nominal current are set Normally the primary current ratings for phase current transformers are 10 A 12 5 A 15 A 20 A 25 A 30 A 40 A 50 A 60 A and 75 A as well as their decim...

Page 58: ...sis for the per unit scaling the option CT nom p u is selected for the Scale meas to In setting see the image below Figure 5 2 1 57 Setting the phase current transformer scalings to CT nominal Once the setting have been sent to the device relay calculates the scaling factors and displays them for the user The CT scaling factor P S describes the ratio between the primary current and the secondary c...

Page 59: ...ondary is the ratio between the nominal current and the CT scaling factor P S Residual I0 CT scaling Next we set the residual IO CT scalings according to how the phase current CTs and the ring core CT are connected to the module see the Connections image at the beginning of this chapter The phase current CTs are connected to the module via a Holmgren summing connection which requires the use of co...

Page 60: ...e second shows them when the protected object s nominal current is the basis for the scaling Figure 5 2 1 61 Scalings display based on the CT nominal Figure 5 2 1 62 Scalings display based on the protected object s nominal current As the images above show the scaling selection does not affect how primary and secondary currents are displayed as actual values The only effect is that the per unit sys...

Page 61: ... opened CT secondary circuit may generate dangerously high voltages A buzzing sound from the connector can indicate an open circuit Problem Solution The measured current amplitude in all phases does not match the injected current The scaling settings may be wrong check that the settings match with the connected current transformer Measurement Transformers Phase CT scaling Also check that the Scale...

Page 62: ...ngs go to Measurement Phasors and check the Phase current vectors diagram When all connections are correct the diagram symmetric feeding should look like this See the following tables for the most common problems with phase polarity and network rotation mixed phases The following image presents the most common problems with phase polarity Problems with phase polarity are easy to find because the v...

Page 63: ...phases These problems can be difficult to find because the measurement result is always the same in the relay If two phases are mixed together the network rotation always follows the pattern IL1 IL3 IL2 and the measured negative sequence current is therefore always 1 00 in p u A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 62 ...

Page 64: ...rds the line IL2 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 The selection of the second current measurement channel s IL2 polarity direction The default setting is for the positive current to flow from connector 3 to connector 4 with the secondary currents starpoint pointing towards the line IL3 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 The selection of the third current measurement channel s IL3 polarity direction The default setting is...

Page 65: ... current to flow from connector 9 to connector 10 CT scaling factor P S A relay feedback value the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio between the primary current and the secondary current Measurements The following measurements are available in the measured current channels Table 5 2 1 11 Per unit phase current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Phase current ILx Pha curr ILx I...

Page 66: ...current I0x P P curr I0x In 0 00 500 00 0 01 The peak to peak current measurement in p u from the residual current channel I01 or I02 Table 5 2 1 16 Primary residual current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Primary residual current I0x Pri Res curr I0x A 0 00 1 000 000 00 0 01 The primary RMS current measurement from the residual current channel I01 or I02 Primary calculated I0 Pri ca...

Page 67: ...01 The primary measurement from the calculated negative sequence current Primary zero sequence current Pri Zero sequence curr A 0 00 1 000 000 00 0 01 The primary measurement from the calculated zero sequence current Table 5 2 1 21 Secondary sequence current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Secondary positive sequence current Sec Positive sequence curr A 0 00 300 00 0 01 The secondary...

Page 68: ...s 2nd 31st harmonic A 0 00 100 000 00 0 01 Displays the selected harmonic from the current input ILx or I0x 5 2 2 Voltage measurement and scaling The voltage measurement module VT module or VTM is used for measuring the voltages from voltage transformers The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they are used by measurement and protection functions the protection function...

Page 69: ... voltage ratings are 100 V 210 V Non standard ratings can also be directly connected as the scaling settings are flexible and have large ranges Example of VT scaling The following figure presents how VTs are connected to the relay s measurement inputs It also shows the VT ratings In the figure below three line to neutral voltages are connected along with the zero sequence voltage therefore the 3LN...

Page 70: ...he primary level in this case a 20 increase equals 4000 V Once the settings have been sent to the device relay calculates the scaling factors and displays them for the user The VT scaling factor P S describes the ratio between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage The per unit scaling factors VT scaling factor p u for both primary and secondary values are also displayed The triggering of a...

Page 71: ...ltage line to line measurement If only two line to line voltages are measured the third one UL31 is calculated based on the UL12 and UL23 vectors When measuring line to line voltages the line to neutral voltages can also be calculated as long as the value of U0 is measured and known The voltage measurement channel U4 can also be used to measure either the zero sequence voltage U0 or the side 2 vol...

Page 72: ...he zero sequence voltage which has the same ratio 20 000 100 V Figure 5 2 2 72 Relay behavior when nominal voltage injected The image collection below presents the relay s behavior when voltage is injected into the relay via secondary test equipment during an earth fault The measurement mode is 3LN U4 which means that the relay is measuring line to neutral voltages The VT scaling has been set to 2...

Page 73: ...ween the injection device or the VTs and the relay The measured voltage amplitudes are OK but the angles are strange The voltage unbalance protection trips immediately after activation The earth fault protection trips immediately after it is activated and voltage calculated The voltages are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of one or all phases is incorrect In relay set...

Page 74: ...ages VT primary 1 1 000 000 0V 0 1V 20 000 0V The rated primary voltage of the voltage transformer VT secondary 0 2 400 0V 0 1V 100 0V The rated secondary voltage of the voltage transformer U3 Res SS VT primary 1 1 000 000V 0 1V 20 000 0V The primary nominal voltage of the connected U0 or SS VT This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected U3 Res SS VT secondary 0 2 400V 0 1V 100 0V...

Page 75: ...lected U4 scaling factor p u Pri A relay feedback value for channel U4 the scaling factor for the primary voltage s per unit value This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected U4 scaling factor p u Sec A relay feedback value for channel U4 the scaling factor for the secondary voltage s per unit value This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected Measurements The foll...

Page 76: ...lt pri V 0 00 1 000000 00 0 01 The primary measurement from the calculated zero sequence voltage Table 5 2 2 31 Secondary sequence voltage measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Secondary positive sequence voltage Pos seq Volt sec V 0 00 4800 0 0 01 The secondary measurement from the calculated positive sequence voltage Secondary negative sequence voltage Neg seq Volt sec V 0 00 4800 0 0 01...

Page 77: ...ed You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV System voltage magnitude UL2 System volt UL2 mag V 0 00 1 000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS line to neutral UL2 voltage measured or calculated You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV System voltage magnitude UL3 System volt UL3 mag V 0 00 1 000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS line to neutral UL3 voltage measured or calculated Y...

Page 78: ...lated System voltage angle UL1 System volt UL1 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to neutral angle UL1 measured or calculated System voltage angle UL2 System volt UL2 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to neutral angle UL2 measured or calculated System voltage angle UL3 System volt UL3 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to neutral angle UL3 measured or calculated System voltage a...

Page 79: ...n calculate power and can therefore have power based protection and monitoring functions the number of available functions depends of the relay type In addition to power calculations energy magnitudes are also calculated Power is divided into three magnitudes apparent power S active power P and reactive power Q Energy measurement calculates magnitudes for active and reactive energy Energy can flow...

Page 80: ...lated according the following formula The direction of reactive power is divided into four quadrants Reactive power may be inductive or capacitive on both forward and reverse directions Reactive power quadrant can be indicated with Tan φ tangent phi which is calculated according the following formula Power factor calculation is done similarly to the Cosine phi calculation but the polarity is defin...

Page 81: ...scription 3ph active energy measurement 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables disables the active energy measurement 3ph reactive energy measurement 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables disables the reactive and apparent energy measurement 3ph energy megas or kilos 0 Mega 1 Kilo 0 Mega Defines whether energy is measured with the prefix kilo 103 or mega 106 Edit energy values 0 Disabled 1 Enab...

Page 82: ...he memory of the indivisual phase energy calculator Goes automatically back to the state after the reset is finished Table 5 2 3 37 Energy Dose Counter 1 settings Name Range Step Default Description Energy dose counter mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables disables energy dose counters generally Clear pulse counter 0 1 Clear 0 Resets the DC 1 4 Pulses sent counters back to zero DC 1 4 ena...

Page 83: ...5 1x105 0 01 The total three phase active power in megavars 3PH Tan phi 1x106 1x106 0 01 The direction of three phase active power 3PH Cos phi 1x106 1x106 0 01 The direction of three phase reactive power 3PH Power factor 1x106 1x106 0 0001 The three phase power factor Table 5 2 3 40 Single phase power calculations L1 L3 Name Unit Range Step Description Lx Apparent power S kVA 1x106 1x106 0 01 The ...

Page 84: ... 904 00 0 01 The sum of imported and exported reactive energy while active energy is imported Apparent Energy S while Export P kVAh or MVAh 999 999 995 904 00 999 999 995 904 00 0 01 The total amount of exported apparent energy while active energy is exported Apparent Energy S while Import P kVAh or MVAh 999 999 995 904 00 999 999 995 904 00 0 01 The total amount of exported apparent energy while ...

Page 85: ... The voltage scaling is set to 20 000 100 V and the current scaling is set to 1000 5 A Voltages line to neutral Currents UL1 40 825 V 45 00 IL1 2 5 A 0 00 UL2 61 481 V 159 90 IL2 2 5 A 120 00 UL3 97 742 V 126 21 IL3 2 5 A 120 00 Name Value Name Value Name Value Name Value L1 S L1 S 4 08 MVA L2 S L2 S 6 15 MVA L3 S L3 S 9 77 MVA 3P 3PH S H S 20 00 MVA L1 P L1 P 2 89 MW L2 P L2 P 4 72 MW L3 P L3 P 9...

Page 86: ...7 5 2 4 Frequency tracking and scaling Measurement sampling can be set to the frequency tracking mode or to the fixed user defined frequency sampling mode The benefit of frequency tracking is that the measurements are within a pre defined accuracy range even when the fundamental frequency of the power system changes A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 85 ...

Page 87: ...ithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight 8 system frequency points for both magnitude and angle This frequency dependent correction compensates the frequency dependencies in the used non linear measurement hardware and improves the measurement accuracy significantly Combined these two methods give an accurate measurement result that is independent of the system frequency Troubleshoot...

Page 88: ...nel tracking quality is 0 and cannot be used for frequency tracking If all channels magnitudes are below the threshold there are no trackable channels Frequency measurement in use 0 No track ch 1 Ref1 2 Ref2 3 Ref3 Indicates which reference is used at the moment for frequency tracking Start behavior 0 Start tracking immediately 1 First nominal or tracked 0 Start tracking immediately Defines the ho...

Page 89: ...quency is not measurable this value is 0 Hz f measurement from 0 Not measurable 1 Avg Ref 1 2 Avg Ref 2 3 Avg Ref 3 4 Track Ref 1 5 Track Ref 2 6 Track Ref 3 7 Fast Ref 1 8 Fast Ref 2 9 Fast Ref 3 Displays which reference is used for frequency measurement SS1 meas frqs 0 000 75 000Hz 0 001Hz Displays frequency used by system set channel 1 and 2 SS2 meas frqs SS1f meas from 0 Not measurable 1 Fast ...

Page 90: ... function is run in a completely digital environment with a protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transformed into the digital form A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 89 ...

Page 91: ...lute or percentage value before the function takes action The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick up parameter set by the user and the measured magnitude Xm The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Xset value If a function s pick up characteristics vary from this description they are defined in the function section in the manual Figure 5 ...

Page 92: ...ng of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s common and global testing mode is activated The variables users can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal ne...

Page 93: ...e delay type for the time counter The selection is made between dependent IDMT and independent DT characteristics Definite min operating time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 040s When the Delay type parameter is set to DT this parameter acts as the expected operating time for the protection function When set to 0 s the stage operates instantaneously without any additional delay When the parameter i...

Page 94: ...cs Additionally the Param option allows the tuning of the constants A B and C which then allows the setting of characteristics following the same formula as the IEEE curves mentioned here This setting is active and visible when the Delay type parameter is set to IDMT and the Delay curve series parameter is set to IEEE Time dial setting k 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 0 05s Defines the time dial multiplier set...

Page 95: ...ercurrent stages The setting parameters and their ranges are documented in the chapters of the respective function blocks Table 5 3 1 46 Inverse operating time formulas for nonstandard characteristics RI type RD type Used to get time grading with mechanical relays Mostly used in earth fault protection which grants selective tripping even in non directional protection t Operating delay s k Time dia...

Page 96: ...r the duration of the timer Op Time calculation reset after release time 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after a set release time if the pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element is reset Continue time calculation during r...

Page 97: ... 83 Delayed pick up release delay counter is reset at signal drop off Figure 5 3 1 84 Delayed pick up release delay counter value is held during the release time A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 96 ...

Page 98: ...otection function Normal Start Trip Blocked etc in the Info page of the function NO NOTE TE When Stage forcing is enabled protection functions will also change state through user input Injected currents voltages also affect the behavior of the relay Regardless it is recommended to disable Stage Forcing after testing has ended 5 3 2 Non directional overcurrent protection I 50 51 The non directional...

Page 99: ...utput processing The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function ...

Page 100: ...ter In all possible input channel variations the pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group Table 5 3 2 49 General settings of the function Name Range St...

Page 101: ...pected operating time 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the measured highest phase current value If the measured current changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time remaining to trip 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts d...

Page 102: ...fore the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT and inverse definite minimum time delay IDMT For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip...

Page 103: ...Start ON 1353 21 NOC2 9 Phase B Start OFF 1354 21 NOC2 10 Phase C Start ON 1355 21 NOC2 11 Phase C Start OFF 1356 21 NOC2 12 Phase A Trip ON 1357 21 NOC2 13 Phase A Trip OFF 1358 21 NOC2 14 Phase B Trip ON 1359 21 NOC2 15 Phase B Trip OFF 1360 21 NOC2 16 Phase C Trip ON 1361 21 NOC2 17 Phase C Trip OFF 1408 22 NOC3 0 Start ON 1409 22 NOC3 1 Start OFF 1410 22 NOC3 2 Trip ON 1411 22 NOC3 3 Trip OFF ...

Page 104: ...C4 13 Phase A Trip OFF 1486 23 NOC4 14 Phase B Trip ON 1487 23 NOC4 15 Phase B Trip OFF 1488 23 NOC4 16 Phase C Trip ON 1489 23 NOC4 17 Phase C Trip OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers this information is available for all provided instances separately The register of the function records the ON event process data for START TRIP or BLOCKED The ta...

Page 105: ...elected for definite time DT or for inverse definite minimum time IDMT the IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The function includes the checking of CT saturation which allows the function to start and operate accurately even during CT saturation The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude process...

Page 106: ...measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms I02PP Peak to peak measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I0Calc RMS value of the calculated zero sequence current from the three phase currents 5 ms The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter I...

Page 107: ...useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 3 58 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description I0 condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 Trip 3 Blocked Displays status of the protection function De...

Page 108: ...MI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to re...

Page 109: ...tent Date and time Event code Fault type Trigger current Fault current Pre fault current Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 1664 1861 Descr A G R C G F Start average current Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages 0 ms 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 4 Directional overcurrent protection Idir 67 The directional overcurrent function is used for instant and time delayed overcurren...

Page 110: ...output processing The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function...

Page 111: ...of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms U...

Page 112: ...nce angle is based on a healthy line to line voltage During a short circuit the reference angle is based on impedance calculation If the voltage drops below 1 V in the secondary side the angle memory is used for 0 5 seconds The angle memory forces the reference angle to be equal to the value measured or calculated before the fault The angle memory captures the measured voltage angle 100 ms before ...

Page 113: ...rip when the amplitude of IL1 IL2 or IL3 increases above the pick up limit If the 3LL mode is used without the U0 measurement in a single phase fault situation the voltage reference comes from the healthy phase and the current reference from the faulty phase In a short circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation Figure 5 3 4 90 Operation sector area when the sector center has been set to 45...

Page 114: ...0deg 0 01deg The positive sequence current angle in relation to the positive sequence voltage Expected operating time 0 000 1800 00s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the highest measured phase current value If the measured current changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time ...

Page 115: ...nt values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for th...

Page 116: ...872 76 DOC2 8 Measuring live angle ON 4873 76 DOC2 9 Measuring live angle OFF 4874 76 DOC2 10 Using voltmem ON 4875 76 DOC2 11 Using voltmem OFF 4928 77 DOC3 0 Start ON 4929 77 DOC3 1 Start OFF 4930 77 DOC3 2 Trip ON 4931 77 DOC3 3 Trip OFF 4932 77 DOC3 4 Block ON 4933 77 DOC3 5 Block OFF 4934 77 DOC3 6 No voltage Blocking ON 4935 77 DOC3 7 Voltage measurable Blocking OFF 4936 77 DOC3 8 Measuring ...

Page 117: ...perating decisions are based on selected neutral current and voltage magnitudes which the function constantly measures The available residual current magnitudes are RMS values TRMS values including harmonics up to 31st or peak to peak values that come from inputs I01 or I02 residual current measurement or from I0Calc residual current calculated from phase current measurements The current angle is ...

Page 118: ...P and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the directional earth fault function Figure 5 3 5 92 Simplified function block diagram of the I0dir function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values The user can select the monitored magnitude to be equal either to RMS values to TRMS values or to peak to peak values TRMS mode ...

Page 119: ... 5 70 General settings of the function Name Description Range Step Default U0 directional phase If the connected neutral voltage polarity is opposite to the connected residual current this parameter can swap the angle reference 1 U0 2 U0 1 U0 U0 Meas input select Defines which available neutral voltage measurement is used Available neutral voltages depend on measurement settings Measurements Trans...

Page 120: ... I0Cos I0Sin broad range mode 1 Not used 2 Used 1 Not used Unearthed Compensated border angle Dividing the angle between unearthed and compensated tripping see description later in this document Visible when earthing type is set to I0Cos I0Sin broad range mode 45 0 90 0 1 45 Angle Tripping area size earthed network 45 0 135 0 0 1 88 Angle offset Protection area direction earthed network 0 0 360 0 ...

Page 121: ...transformer and into a faulty feeder Healthy feeders do not trip since capacitive current is floating to the opposite direction and selective tripping can be ensured The amplitude of the fault current depends on the capacitance of the network The outgoing feeders are the sources for capacitive currents The bigger the network the greater the capacitive current during a fault Each outgoing feeder pr...

Page 122: ...ine voltages Petersen coil earthed Compensated network 32N There are many benefits to a Petersen coil earthed network The amount of automatic reclosing is highly decreased and the maintenance of the breakers is therefore diminished Arc faults die on their own and cables and equipment suffer less damage In emergency situations a line with an earth fault can be used for a specific time Figure 5 3 5 ...

Page 123: ...e network is fully compensated The network is overcompensated when the K factor is greater than 1 0 and undercompensated when the K factor is smaller than 1 0 The inductance connected to the star point of an incoming transformer or as in most cases to a earthing transformer compensates the capacitance of the network however this prevents the capacitive fault current to be measured The fault detect...

Page 124: ...rk the amplitude of a single phase fault current is similar to the amplitude of a short circuit current Directly earthed or small impedance network schemes are normal in transmission distribution and industry The phase angle setting of the tripping area is adjustable as is the base direction of the area angle offset A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 123 ...

Page 125: ...rom earth faults two modes are used depending on the network status unearthed or compensated When changing between these two statuses the setting group must be changed and especially with distributed compensation the change may be difficult or impossible to arrange Finally in a compensated network protection the relay with traditional algorithms may sporadically detect an earth fault in a long hea...

Page 126: ...hen in use and when disabled To receive a more accurate indication as to whether the fault was in a compensated or an unearthed network the angle divider can divide the area which would otherwise be overlapped between the two network models By default the setting is 45 degrees When the divider is disabled the angle is set to zero degrees Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful r...

Page 127: ...ing occurs Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input Additionally the directional earth fault protection function includes an internal inrush harmonic blocking option which is applied according to the parameters set by the user If the blocking signal is not activate...

Page 128: ...function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 5 74 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 5184 81 DEF1 0 Start ON 5185 81 DEF1 1 Start OFF 5186 81 DEF1 2 Trip ON 5187 81 DEF1 3 Trip OFF 5188 81 DEF1 4 Block...

Page 129: ...0Sinfi Trip OFF 5376 84 DEF4 0 Start ON 5377 84 DEF4 1 Start OFF 5378 84 DEF4 2 Trip ON 5379 84 DEF4 3 Trip OFF 5380 84 DEF4 4 Block ON 5381 84 DEF4 5 Block OFF 5382 84 DEF4 6 I0Cosfi Start ON 5383 84 DEF4 7 I0Cosfi Start OFF 5384 84 DEF4 8 I0Sinfi Start ON 5385 84 DEF4 9 I0Sinfi Start OFF 5386 84 DEF4 10 I0Cosfi Trip ON 5387 84 DEF4 11 I0Cosfi Trip OFF 5388 84 DEF4 12 I0Sinfi Trip ON 5389 84 DEF4...

Page 130: ...tive sequence current while the I2 I1 mode monitors the ratio between the negative sequence current and the positive sequence current The relay calculates the symmetrical component magnitudes in use from the phase current inputs IL1 IL2 and IL3 The zero sequence current is also recorded into the registers as well as the angles of the positive negative and zero sequence currents in order to better ...

Page 131: ...iagram of the I2 function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values and always uses calculated positive and negative sequence currents In the broken conductor mode I2 I1 the function also uses the RMS values of all phase currents to check the minimum current Zero sequence and component sequence angles are used for fault registering and for fault analysis processing A...

Page 132: ...nal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 6 78 Information displayed by the function Name Range St...

Page 133: ...P signal with no additional time delay simultaneously with the start signal Definite time operation DT gives the TRIP signal after a user defined time delay regardless of the measured current as long as the current is above or below the iset value and thus the pick up element is active independent time characteristics Inverse definite minimum time IDMT gives the TRIP signal after a time which is i...

Page 134: ... does not trip if the input signal is not re activated while the release time count is on going Events and registers The current unbalance function abbreviated CUB in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select the status ON or OFF for messages in the main event buffer The function offers four 4 independent stages the event...

Page 135: ...e fault current Fault currents Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2048 2245 Descr Unbalance Start average current Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages I1 I2 IZ mag and ang 0 ms 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 7 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H The harmonic overcurrent function is used for non directional instant and time delayed overcurrent detection and cleari...

Page 136: ...ocessing The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs of the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates...

Page 137: ...values of the harmonic component or to the harmonic component percentage content compared to the RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 7 81 Measurement inputs of the Ih function Signal Description Time base IL1FFT The magnitudes RMS of phase L1 A current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic...

Page 138: ...hase L3 C current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic 17th harmonic 19th harmonic 5 ms I01FFT The magnitudes RMS of residual I01 current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 1...

Page 139: ...P event General settings The function can be set to monitor the ratio between the measured harmonic and either the measured fundamental component or the per unit value of the harmonic current The user must select the correct measurement input Table 5 3 7 82 Operating mode selection settings Name Range Step Default Description Harmonic selection 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6...

Page 140: ...setting percentage monitoring The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the sett...

Page 141: ...ce minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT and inverse definite minimum time delay IDMT For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time cha...

Page 142: ...d to retrip a failing breaker if the retrip fails an incomer breaker can be tripped by using the function s CBFP output The retrip functionality can be disabled if the breaker does not have two trip coils The function can be triggered by the following overcurrent phase and residual digital output monitor digital signal any combination of the above mentioned triggers In the current dependent mode t...

Page 143: ...des a resettable cumulative counters for RETRIP CBFP CBFP START and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the circuit breaker failure protection function Figure 5 3 8 101 Simplified function block diagram of the CBFP function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values It always uses the RMS magnitude of the current measure...

Page 144: ...itor Defines which output relay of the used protection functions trigger the CBFP countdown For the CBFP function to monitor the output relays selected here the Operation mode selection parameter must be set to a mode that includes digital outputs e g DO only Current and DO Current or signals or DO Pick up The setting parameters Iset and I0set control the pick up and the activation of the current ...

Page 145: ...p when using binary signals Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is a...

Page 146: ...erating time characteristics Table 5 3 8 91 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Retrip 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Retrip enabled or disabled When the retrip is disabled the output will not be visible and the TRetr setting parameter will not be available Retrip time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 100s Retrip start the timer This setting defines how long t...

Page 147: ...nt trip coil available The TRIP signal is normally wired to the breaker s trip coil from the device s trip output The retrip is wired from its own device output contact in parallel with the circuit breaker s redundant trip coil The CBFP signal is normally wired from its device output contact to the incomer breaker Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications A AQ Q G215 G21...

Page 148: ...tection stage is not monitored in this configuration Therefore if the current is not reduced below the setting limit a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If the current is not reduced within the set time limit the function also sends a CBFP signal to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault both counters RETRIP and CBFP are reset as soon as the measured...

Page 149: ...configuration If the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If the retripping fails and the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset the function also sends a CBFP signal to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears...

Page 150: ...these conditions is met i e the current is above the limit or the signal is active for the duration of the set RETRIP time delay a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If either of the conditions is active for the duration of the set CBFP time delay a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault both counters RETRIP and CBFP are reset a...

Page 151: ...Probably the most common application is when the device s trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications and settings of the CBFP function A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 150 ...

Page 152: ...g the set operating time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this configuration Therefore if the current is not reduced below the setting limit a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault the counter for CBFP resets as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Ve...

Page 153: ...lating the set operating time The tripping of the primary protection stage is constantly monitored in this configuration If the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is...

Page 154: ...elow the setting limit and the primary stage tripping signal is reset If either of these conditions is met i e the current is above the limit or the signal is active for the duration of the set CBFP time delay a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings and the tripping signal is reset This co...

Page 155: ...Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure 5 3 8 110 Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 154 ...

Page 156: ...current and output relay monitoring can be used The counter for the CBFP signal begins when the digital input is activated If the counter is active until the CBFP counter is used the device issues a CBFP command to the incomer breaker In this application the device tripping signals from all outgoing feeders can be connected to one dedicated CBFP device which operates either on current based protec...

Page 157: ... delayed overvoltage protection Each device with a voltage protection module has four 4 available stages of the function U U U U The function constantly measures phase voltage magnitudes or line to line magnitudes Overvoltage protection is based on line to line RMS measurement or to line to neutral RMS measurement as the user selects If the protection is based on line to line voltage overvoltage p...

Page 158: ...ve counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the overvoltage function Figure 5 3 9 112 Simplified function block diagram of the U function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values The monitored magnitudes are equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre f...

Page 159: ...4 input SS 0 P P voltages The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations the pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event Figure 5 3 9 113 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 3 9 114 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connectio...

Page 160: ...m exceeds the Uset value in single dual or all voltages it triggers the pick up operation of the function Table 5 3 9 96 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Operation mode Pick up criteria selection 0 1 voltage 1 2 voltages 2 3 voltages 0 1 voltage Uset Pick up setting 50 00 150 00 Un 0 01 Un 105 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal g...

Page 161: ...hen the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with informati...

Page 162: ...g k 0 01 60 00s 0 01s 0 05s This setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type Time dial multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics IDMT Multiplier 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 1 00s This setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type IDMT time multiplier in the Um Uset power Table 5 3 9 99 Setting parameters for reset time characteristics Name Range Step Default Des...

Page 163: ...rom the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 9 100 Event codes Event number Event channel Event bloc...

Page 164: ...oltages as the user selects If the protection is based on line to line voltage undervoltage protection is not affected by earth faults in isolated or compensated networks Undervoltage protection has two blocking stages internal blocking based on voltage measurement and low voltage or external blocking e g during voltage transformer fuse failure The blocking signal and the setting group selection c...

Page 165: ... function block diagram of the undervoltage function Figure 5 3 10 116 Simplified function block diagram of the U function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values The monitored voltage magnitudes are equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 10 102 Measurement inputs of the U function Signa...

Page 166: ...0 P P voltages The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations the pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event Figure 5 3 10 117 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 3 10 118 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection P E vol...

Page 167: ...al or all voltages it triggers the pick up operation of the function Table 5 3 10 104 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Uset Pick up setting 0 00 120 00 Un 0 01 Un 60 Un U Block setting Block setting If set to zero blocking is not in use The operation is explained in the next chapter 0 00 100 00 Un 0 01 Un 10 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the...

Page 168: ... must exceed the pick up setting value Expected operating time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the measured voltage value If the measured voltage changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time remaining to trip 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has de...

Page 169: ...system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior during a function can be set for TRIP signal and also for the release of the function in case the pick up element is reset before the trip time has been reached Th...

Page 170: ... released If activated the START signal is reset after a set release time delay Time calc reset after release time 1 No 2 Yes 2 Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When actived the operating time counter is reset after a set release time if the pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element ...

Page 171: ...Trip ON 5827 91 UV3 3 Trip OFF 5828 91 UV3 4 Block ON 5829 91 UV3 5 Block OFF 5830 91 UV3 6 Undervoltage Block ON 5831 91 UV3 7 Undervoltage Block OFF 5888 92 UV4 0 Start ON 5889 92 UV4 1 Start OFF 5890 92 UV4 2 Trip ON 5891 92 UV4 3 Trip OFF 5892 92 UV4 4 Block ON 5893 92 UV4 5 Block OFF 5894 92 UV4 6 Undervoltage Block ON 5895 92 UV4 7 Undervoltage Block OFF The function registers its operation ...

Page 172: ...four 4 available stages of the function U0 U0 U0 U0 The function constantly measures phase to earth voltage magnitudes and calculates the zero sequence component Neutral overvoltage protection is scaled to line to line RMS level When the line to line voltage of a system is 100 V in the secondary side the earth fault is 100 of the Un and the calculated zero sequence voltage reaches 100 3 V 57 74 V ...

Page 173: ...rameters The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed voltage magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP...

Page 174: ... value from 20 ms from a START or TRIP event Pick up The Uset setting parameter controls the pick up of the U0 function This defines the maximum allowed measured voltage before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Uset and the measured magnitude Um for neutral voltage The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Uset va...

Page 175: ...l voltage and the pick up value Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal ...

Page 176: ...instant without added delay When the parameter is set to 0 005 1800 s the stage operates as independent delayed Time dial setting k 0 01 60 00s 0 01s 0 05s The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type Time dial multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics IDMT Multiplier 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 1 00s The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type IDMT tim...

Page 177: ...tatus changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 11 114 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name E...

Page 178: ...ive and negative sequence protection for both overvoltage and undervoltage the user selects the needed function Each device with a voltage protection module has four 4 available stages of the function The function constantly measures the RMS value of phase to earth voltage magnitudes or line to line and neutral voltage magnitudes to calculate the positive or negative sequence voltage The user can ...

Page 179: ...uit between phases 1 and 3 Negative sequence voltage calculation Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation In what follows are three examples of negative sequence calculation negative sequence component vector A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 178 ...

Page 180: ...can operate on instant or time delayed mode In time delayed mode the operation can be selected between definite time DT mode and inverse definite minimum time IDMT The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following oper...

Page 181: ...lso a resettable cumulative counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the sequence voltage function Figure 5 3 12 131 Simplified function block diagram of the U1 U2 function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values and always uses RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is u...

Page 182: ... operation of the function Table 5 3 12 118 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Pick up terms Selects whether the function picks up when the monitored voltage is under or over the set pick up value Over Under Over Uset Pick up setting 5 00 150 00 Un 0 01 Un 105 Un Ublk Undervoltage blocking visible when the pick up term is Under 0 00 80 00 Un 0 01 Un 5 Un The pick up activation of...

Page 183: ...s how much time is left before tripping occurs Umeas Uset at the moment 0 00 1250 00Um Uset 0 01Um Uset The ratio between the measured voltage and the pick up value Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up el...

Page 184: ...ristics The IDMT function follows one of the following formulas Where t operating time k time dial setting Um measured voltage Us pick up setting a IDMT multiplier setting The following table presents the setting parameters for the function s time characteristics Table 5 3 12 120 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Delay type 1 DT 2 IDMT 1 DT S...

Page 185: ...et The user can reset characteristics through the application The default setting is a 60 ms delay the time calculation is held during the release time In the release delay option the operating time counter calculates the operating time during the release When using this option the function does not trip if the input signal is not re activated while the release time count is on going Events and re...

Page 186: ...nd can cause the frequency to drop below or rise above the allowed level When the consumption is larger than the generated power the frequency may drop When more power is generated than is consumed overfrequency can occur In generator applications too big a load or a malfunction in the power controller can cause the frequency to decrease Underfrequency causes damage to turbine wings through vibrat...

Page 187: ...h can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three 3 output signal In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative count...

Page 188: ...meters control the pick up of each stage of the f function They define the maximum or minimum allowed measured frequency before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick up setting and the measured frequency The reset ratio of 20mHz is built into the function and is always relative to the pick up value Table 5 3 13 125 Pick up settings Name Description ...

Page 189: ...Trip 3 Blocked Displays the status of the protection function f meas f set 0 000 20 000fm fset 0 001fm fset The ratio between the measured frequency and the pick up value Expected operating time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs Time remaining to trip 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a trip t...

Page 190: ...ith process data values Table 5 3 13 127 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6336 99 FRQV1 0 f Start ON 6337 99 FRQV1 1 f Start OFF 6338 99 FRQV1 2 f Trip ON 6339 99 FRQV1 3 f Trip OFF 6340 99 FRQV1 4 f Start ON 6341 99 FRQV1 5 f Start OFF 6342 99 FRQV1 6 f Trip ON 6343 99 FRQV1 7 f Trip OFF 6344 99 FRQV1 8 f Start ON 6345 99 FRQV1 9 f Start OFF 6346 99 F...

Page 191: ...G dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 6336 6383 Descr Start 20ms averages Fault frequency Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 14 Rate of change of frequency df dt 81R The rate of change of frequency function is used to detect fast drops or increases in frequency If the load changes fast this function detects and clears the frequency based faults faster than conventional underfrequency and overfrequency protections O...

Page 192: ...ay to operate Each stage can be activated and deactivated individually After the f mode has been activated Protection Stage activation Frequency stages the user can activate and deactivate the individual stages at will Protection Frequency Frequency protection f INFO Stage operational setup The outputs of the function are the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals The frequency protection function uses a ...

Page 193: ...y depends on the factory defined tracking reference which can be checked from the Frequency tab of the Measurement menu Table 5 3 14 129 Measurement inputs of the df dt function Signals Description Time base VT1 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of the first voltage transformer 5ms VT2 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of the second voltage transformer 5ms Pick up and time delay The df dt 1 pick up df dt 2 pick up etc se...

Page 194: ...ion of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT For detailed information on this delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and reset Read only parameters The relay s ...

Page 195: ...he system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Events and registers The rate of change of frequency function abbreviated DFT in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the m...

Page 196: ...dt 2 Block OFF 6628 103 DFT1 36 df dt 3 Block ON 6629 103 DFT1 37 df dt 3 Block OFF 6630 103 DFT1 38 df dt 4 Block ON 6631 103 DFT1 39 df dt 4 Block OFF 6632 103 DFT1 40 df dt 5 Block ON 6633 103 DFT1 41 df dt 5 Block OFF 6634 103 DFT1 42 df dt 6 Block ON 6635 103 DFT1 43 df dt 6 Block OFF 6636 103 DFT1 44 df dt 7 Block ON 6637 103 DFT1 45 df dt 7 Block OFF 6638 103 DFT1 46 df dt 8 Block ON 6639 1...

Page 197: ...n are the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals The power protection function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator two block signal checks time delay characteristics output...

Page 198: ...or pre fault data registering The used power measurement value depends on user input If the protection relay has more than one CT module the Measured side parameter determines which current measurement is used for power measurement Table 5 3 15 134 Measurement inputs of the power protection function Signal Description Time base 3PH active power P Total three phase active power 5ms 3PH reactive pow...

Page 199: ...ough the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 15 136 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description PQS condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 Trip 3 Blocked Displays the status of the protection function Nominal MVA used 0 000 1800 000MVA 0 001MVA Displays the nominal power used by the functi...

Page 200: ...s to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT For detailed information on this delay type please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and re...

Page 201: ...T TRIP or BLOCKED The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 3 15 138 Register content Date and time Event code Trigger power Fault power Pre fault power Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 6400 6423 Descr Start average power Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages 0 ms 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 16 Power factor protection PF 55 The po...

Page 202: ...rom one common source The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing saturation check threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes A AQ ...

Page 203: ...Figure 5 3 16 140 Simplified function block diagram of the PF function Measured input The function block uses power factor values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 16 139 Measurement inputs of the PF function Signal Description Time base 3PH cos φ Three phase cos phi power factor 5ms Pick up The Pick up setting PF lead or lag Trip and...

Page 204: ...0 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards an alarm this displays how much time is left before alarm is activated PFmeas PFalarm at the moment 0 00 1250 00 0 01 The ratio between the measured power factor and the alarm pick up value Expected operating time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs Time remaining ...

Page 205: ... the status changes in ALARM START ALARM START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 16 142 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 8256 129 UPF1 0 Block ON 8257 129 UPF1 1 Block OFF ...

Page 206: ...tion which tells apart this function from a normal overcurrent function and its operating principle for overload protection applications In heating and cooling situations the thermal image for this function is calculated according to the two equations described below Figure 5 3 17 141 Long time constant thermal image calculation Where θt 1 Thermal image status in a previous calculation cycle the m...

Page 207: ...condition Where I1 Calculated positive sequence current of the measured RMS phase currents I2 Calculated negative sequence current of the measured RMS phase currents kNPS Correction factor of the NPS current biasing to the equivalent current calculation IMAX Measured maximum of the three TRMS phase currents The thermal image status θt in percentages of the maximum thermal capacity used calculation...

Page 208: ...ated with the ambient temperature coefficient which is constantly calculated and changing when using RTD sensor for the measurement When the ambient temperature of the protected object is stable it can be set manually The ambient temperature compensation takes into account the set minimum and maximum temperatures and the load capacity of the protected object as well as the measured or set ambient ...

Page 209: ...d the temperature correction factor is 1 0 Figure 5 3 17 144 Ambient temperature coefficient calculation linear approximation three points This ambient temperature coefficient relates to a nominal reference temperature The default is 40 C the standard ambient temperature rating for machines which gives the coefficient value of 1 00 for the thermal replica The settable thermal capacity curve uses l...

Page 210: ...ading current is decreased or increased instantly to minimum or maximum In practice this means that the thermal replica needs to have more settable time constants than one common constant for heating and cooling as is the case with single time constant objects like cables The most common practice is to separate the minimum settable time constants for heating and cooling The main reason for this is...

Page 211: ...e can dip well below 0 C The heat conduction from the cable into the surrounding ground is the same regardless whether the cable is heating or cooling The composition of the soil defines how well the ground conducts heat However these loading factors only affect the maximum current carrying capacity of the cable they are not the cable s time constants The only time constant to consider is the heat...

Page 212: ... stator from being overheated are required for the overall motor protection as it can cause insulator damage in the stator and melt the rotor bars Both of these faults result in the malfunction of the motor When considering the thermal behavior one can see another fundamental difference between single and multiple time constant objects like cables and electric motors While the cable loading may va...

Page 213: ...the stator s magnetic field rotation and the rotor s magnetic field rotation decreases The rotor speeding up leads to the rotor current decreasing simultaneously decreasing the rotor heating This also makes the cooling fan start to rotate and thus cool the surface of the motor while the rotor speeds up Depending on the size of the motor and the masses of the rotor and of the stator the thermal cap...

Page 214: ...ng Additionally the stator windings conduct the heat generated in the rotor during starting and into the motor s body This heat transfer rotor to stator stator to body also depends on the masses of motor s components In big motors the body can be slightly warm while the rotor and or stator have completely melted because they have not been able to transfer the heat quickly enough into the body Tabl...

Page 215: ... surface cooled motor is stopped The stopped motor cooling follows the same equation than heating with one exception when the surrounding air is not moving as the fan has stopped and the air temperature is increasing the cooling is faster in the beginning and slows over time as the temperature difference decreases since heat is transferred slower than in the beginning of the cooling When the motor...

Page 216: ... damage Sometimes the thermal image needs to be adjusted and fine tuned for the application so that it matches the motor s actual temperature perfectly This is why the thermal replica needs to offer enough setting points for various situations where the motor may be running at that time The relay needs to recognize these situations so that the thermal model can be updated correctly Thermal image c...

Page 217: ...Figure 5 3 17 149 Measured motor temperature in heating cooling test A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 216 ...

Page 218: ...to be very poor With dynamically controlled cooling time constants the match is very accurate If this motor were used for cyclic loads with repeating cooling times the single time constant model would stretch into the next duty cycle and probably cause unnecessary alarms or even trips eventhough the motor were till running in safe temperatures Thermal trip curves Motor thermal curves are useful wh...

Page 219: ... approximately 80 seconds and in hot situation approximately 67 seconds When the thermal limit curves are available the operation of the thermal replica can be set very accurately for both overloading and stall conditions The cooling time constant as presented in the previous example is very crucial in the case of variable duty cycle motor applications If the motor is continuously running with a c...

Page 220: ...Figure 5 3 17 152 Comparing single time constant thermal replica tripping curves to given motor thermal characteristics A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 219 ...

Page 221: ...the motor can withstand When dual time constants and dynamic time constants are in use the relay automatically selects the correct tripping curves for the thermal replica according to the settings producing therefore an exact thermal image response as compared to the single time constant thermal image In overload conditions the response from both of the thermal replicas is acceptable as even a sma...

Page 222: ...3 17 154 Thermal tripping curves with single time constant pre load 0 cold Figure 5 3 17 155 Thermal tripping curves with single time constant pre load 90 hot A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 221 ...

Page 223: ...ves with dual dynamic time constants and correction factor pre load 0 cold Figure 5 3 17 157 Thermal tripping curves with dual dynamic time constants and correction factor pre load 90 hot A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 222 ...

Page 224: ...Figure 5 3 17 158 Thermal cooling curves single cooling time constant Figure 5 3 17 159 Thermal cooling curves dynamic dual time constant A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 223 ...

Page 225: ...curves dynamic triple time constant motor is running without load in the first part with dedicated time constant Figure 5 3 17 161 NPS biased thermal trip curves with kNPS value of 1 A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 224 ...

Page 226: ...Figure 5 3 17 162 NPS biased thermal trip curves with kNPS value of 3 Figure 5 3 17 163 NPS biased thermal trip curves with kNPS value of 7 A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 225 ...

Page 227: ...ion The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude processing thermal replica comparator block signal check output processing The inputs for the function are the following setting parameters measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function s output signals can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF...

Page 228: ...surement of phase L3 C current 5ms I1 Positive sequence current 5ms I2 Negative sequence current 5ms RTD Temperature measurement for the ambient correction 5ms Setting parameters Table 5 3 17 147 General settings not selectable under setting groups Name Range Step Default Description TM mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled The selection of the function is activated or disabled in the configurati...

Page 229: ...n TM 49M motor start locked rotor monitoring Ist 48 14 non directional undercurrent protection I 37 mechanical jam protection Im 51M The motor s nominal current in amperes Nominal starting current 0 1 40 0xIn 0 1xIn 6 0xIn motor status monitoring machine thermal overload protection TM 49M motor start locked rotor monitoring Ist 48 14 mechanical jam protection Im 51M The motor s locked rotor curren...

Page 230: ...exceeded while the automatic curve selection and the control only short time constant stall are in use Max locked rotor current 0 1 40 0xIn 0 1xIn 7 5xIn motor status monitoring machine thermal overload protection TM 49M motor start locked rotor monitoring Ist 48 14 mechanical jam protection Im 51M The maximum locked rotor current of the motor This setting defines the current limit which is maximu...

Page 231: ...I 37 The motor s no load current This setting defines the Stopped condition when the current is below this setting value Also when the current is below this value the undercurrent protection stage is locked No load current A 0 1 5000 0A 0 1A motor status monitoring machine thermal overload protection TM 49M non directional undercurrent protection I 37 The motor s no load current in amperes Motor s...

Page 232: ...se scenario This setting value is used for the cold thermal stall curve selection in automatic control This parameter is also used in the motor start up and the number of starts calculations Safe stall time hot 0 1 600 0s 0 1s 15 0s motor status monitoring machine thermal overload protection TM 49M Motor start locked rotor monitoring Ist 48 14 mechanical jam protection Im 51M frequent start protec...

Page 233: ...ing value Typically this time constant is about 2 5 3 5 times the heating time constant Short heat T const cold 0 500 0min 1 0min 10 0min The setting for short heating time constant for cold motor status This time constant defines the locked rotor and stalled tripping curve selection While this setting is not the safe stall time directly it defines the used tripping curve for the locked rotor cond...

Page 234: ...est 0 0 3000min 0 1min 30 0min The estimated setting for how long the short cooling time constant is used when the motor is stopped The cooling is typically faster right after the motor has stopped This setting value is visible when the time constansts option Multiple is selected Cold reset default theta 0 0 150 0 0 1 60 0 The default theta when the function is restarted It is also possible to ful...

Page 235: ...ture reference points for the user settable ambient temperature coefficient curve This setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Set curve Amb temp k1 k10 0 01 5 00 1 00 0 01 The coefficient value for the temperature reference point The coefficient and temperature reference points must be set as pairs This setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Set curve Add curvepoint 3 1...

Page 236: ...en the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of...

Page 237: ...tting is 1 0 Visible only when there is a setting fault TM Setting alarm 0 Ambient setting ok 1 Inconsistent setting of ambient k Indicates if ambient k setting has been set wrong Visible only when there is a setting fault Table 5 3 17 153 Measurements Name Range Description values Currents 0 Primary A 1 Secondary A 2 Per unit The active phase current measurement from IL1 A IL2 B and IL3 C phases ...

Page 238: ...and registers The machine thermal overload protection function abbreviated TOLM in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in TRIP and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 17 155 Event code...

Page 239: ... capacitive power the value of reactive power is negative and thus the excitation current can be low enough for the synchronous machine to drop out of step Underexcitation protection supervises capacitive power and picks up when the set kvar value is exceeded The image below presents the two modes of underexcitation and their protection areas The Fixed mode is depicted on the left the P dependent ...

Page 240: ...with an equivalent time stamp The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the underexcitation function Figure 5 3 18 167 Simplified function block diagram of the Q function Measured input The function block uses three phase active power values ...

Page 241: ...ART signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 18 15...

Page 242: ...of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and reset Events and registers The underexcitation function abbreviated UEX in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded...

Page 243: ...the overlapping range of the neutral overvoltage and the 100 stator earth fault protection function Figure 5 3 19 168 Overlapping demonstration The function can operate on instant or time delayed mode In the time delayed mode the operation can be selected for definite time DT or for inverse definite minimum time IDMT The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting p...

Page 244: ...rrent blocking I1 set parameter If this parameter is set above zero 0 the measured positive sequence current must be above the set limit for the function to trip The Pick up setting U03h set setting parameter controls the pick up of the 100 stator earth fault protection function This defines the minimum allowed measured neutral 3rd harmonic voltage before action from the function The function cons...

Page 245: ...rds a trip this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs Umeas Uset 0 00 1250 00Um Uset 0 01Um Uset The ratio between the measured third harmonic residual voltage and the pick up value Measured U0 3rd harm 0 00 1250 00 U0n 0 01 U0n Measured third harmonic residual voltage in relation to voltage transformer nominal Measured U0 3rd harm Pri 0 00 1250 00V 0 01V Measured third harmonic re...

Page 246: ...ed voltage Us pick up setting a IDMT multiplier setting The following table presents the setting parameters for the function s time characteristics Table 5 3 19 165 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Delay type 1 DT 2 IDMT 1 DT Selection of the delay type time counter The selection possibilities are dependent IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time...

Page 247: ...ng the release time In the release delay option the operating time counter calculates the operating time during the release When using this option the function does not trip if the input signal is not re activated while the release time count is on going Events and registers The 100 stator earth fault protection function abbreviated SEF in event block names generates events and registers from the ...

Page 248: ...nt pick up value increases as the voltage increases between the set values Ux1 and Ux2 The protection function uses positive sequence voltage to define the pick up level at that moment When the set value of Ux1 is equal to Ux2 the function works as voltage controlled overcurrent protection Now the overcurrent protection doesn t operate until a fault reduces the voltage below a set value usually ab...

Page 249: ...Iv1 Iv2 Ux1 Ux2 setting parameters and the positive sequence voltage measurement control the pick up level of the voltage restrained overcurrent protection function The pick up level defines the maximum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the current pick up level and the measured magnitude Im for each of the three phases Th...

Page 250: ...ge measurement 0 Invalid U1 not avail 1 Ok If phase voltages are not available the function is not able to calculate positive sequence voltage U1 This can happen when voltage measurement mode has been set to 3LL U4 or 2LL U3 U4 mode but none of the channels have been set to U0 mode I pick up level now 0 00 1250 00xIn 0 01xIn Overcurrent pick up level used by the function at the moment The pick up ...

Page 251: ...VOC1 3 Trip OFF 7172 112 VOC1 4 Block ON 7173 112 VOC1 5 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers The register of the function records the ON event process data for START TRIP or BLOCKED The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 3 20 173 Register content Date and time Event code Fault type Trigger current ...

Page 252: ...ation i e the user or user defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running The outputs of the function are the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals The non directional overcurrent function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude process...

Page 253: ... uses analog system voltages and system frequency measurement values Table 5 3 21 174 Measurement inputs of the volts per hertz function Signal Description Time base UL1 RMS UL1 System voltage RMS 5ms UL2 RMS UL2 System voltage RMS 5ms UL3 RMS UL3 System voltage RMS 5ms UL12 RMS UL12 System voltage RMS 5ms UL23 RMS UL23 System voltage RMS 5ms UL31 RMS UL31 System voltage RMS 5ms f Measured system ...

Page 254: ...isible when the Delay type parameter is set to Inverse or DT and inverse Definite operating time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 040s The definite operating time delay which is applied no matter how much the V Hz ratio is exceeded This setting is only visible when the selected delay type is DT or DT and inverse The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generat...

Page 255: ...s 1 Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after a set release time unless a pick up element is activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element reset Continue time calculation during release time 0 No 1 Yes 1 No Time calculation characteristics selection If activated the...

Page 256: ...V Hz Measured volts per hertz ratio divided by nominal volts per hertz ratio Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time charac...

Page 257: ... 128 VHZ1 1 1 Start OFF 8194 128 VHZ1 2 1 Alarm ON 8195 128 VHZ1 3 1 Alarm OFF 8196 128 VHZ1 4 1 Trip ON 8197 128 VHZ1 5 1 Trip OFF 8198 128 VHZ1 6 1 Block ON 8199 128 VHZ1 7 1 Block OFF 8200 128 VHZ1 8 2 Start ON 8201 128 VHZ1 9 2 Start OFF 8202 128 VHZ1 10 2 Alarm ON 8203 128 VHZ1 11 2 AlarmOFF 8204 128 VHZ1 12 2 Trip ON 8205 128 VHZ1 13 2 Trip OFF 8206 128 VHZ1 14 2 Block ON 8207 128 VHZ1 15 2 ...

Page 258: ...t faults near the generator even when the short circuit current is small Additionally under impedance protection can be used as backup protection for transformer protection Figure 5 3 22 176 Operating characteristics of underimpedance protection Figure 5 3 22 177 Simplified function block diagram of the Z function A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 257 ...

Page 259: ...edance before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the impedance pick up leveland the calculated impedance for each of the three stages or the positive sequence impedance The reset ratio of 103 is built into the function and is always relative to the current pick up value Table 5 3 22 181 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Zset pri Pick up...

Page 260: ...ion of the impedance values The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to ...

Page 261: ...up 1 8 active 5 3 23 Resistance temperature detectors Resistance temperature detectors or RTDs can be used to measure both temperatures of motors generators and ambient temperatures Typically an RTD is a thermocouple or of type PT100 Up to three 3 separate RTD modules based on an external Modbus are supported each can hold up to eight 8 measurement elements Up to two 2 separate RTD option cards ar...

Page 262: ...o needs to be set for each of the measurement channels Once these settings are done the RTDs are ready for other functions Figure 5 3 23 178 RTD alarm setup Function can be set to monitor the measurement data from previously set RTD channels A single channel can be set to have several alarms if the user sets the channel to multiple sensor inputs In each sensor setting the user can select the monit...

Page 263: ...ow the pick up setting value S1 S16 Alarm1 101 0 2000 0deg 0 1deg 0 0deg Sets the pick up value for Alarm 1 The alarm is activated if the measurement goes above or below this setting mode depends on the selected mode in Sx Alarm1 S1 S16 sensor 0 Ok 1 Invalid Displays the measured sensor s data validity If the sensor reading has any problems the sensor data is set to Invalid and the alarms are not ...

Page 264: ...10 S3 Alarm2 ON 4427 69 RTD1 11 S3 Alarm2 OFF 4428 69 RTD1 12 S4 Alarm1 ON 4429 69 RTD1 13 S4 Alarm1 OFF 4430 69 RTD1 14 S4 Alarm2 ON 4431 69 RTD1 15 S4 Alarm2 OFF 4432 69 RTD1 16 S5 Alarm1 ON 4433 69 RTD1 17 S5 Alarm1 OFF 4434 69 RTD1 18 S5 Alarm2 ON 4435 69 RTD1 19 S5 Alarm2 OFF 4436 69 RTD1 20 S6 Alarm1 ON 4437 69 RTD1 21 S6 Alarm1 OFF 4438 69 RTD1 22 S6 Alarm2 ON 4439 69 RTD1 23 S6 Alarm2 OFF ...

Page 265: ... 69 RTD1 50 S13 Alarm2 ON 4467 69 RTD1 51 S13 Alarm2 OFF 4468 69 RTD1 52 S14 Alarm1 ON 4469 69 RTD1 53 S14 Alarm1 OFF 4470 69 RTD1 54 S14 Alarm2 ON 4471 69 RTD1 55 S14 Alarm2 OFF 4472 69 RTD1 56 S15 Alarm1 ON 4473 69 RTD1 57 S15 Alarm1 OFF 4474 69 RTD1 58 S15 Alarm2 ON 4475 69 RTD1 59 S15 Alarm2 OFF 4476 69 RTD1 60 S16 Alarm1 ON 4477 69 RTD1 61 S16 Alarm1 OFF 4478 69 RTD1 62 S16 Alarm2 ON 4479 69 ...

Page 266: ... 24 Arc fault protection IArc I0Arc 50Arc 50NArc Arc faults occur for a multitude of reasons e g insulation failure incorrect operation of the protected device corrosion overvoltage dirt moisture incorrect wiring or even because of aging caused by electric load It is important to detect the arc as fast as possible in order to minimize its effects Using arc sensors to detect arc faults is much fast...

Page 267: ...n Pressure In Arc binary input signal status Zone trip Zone blocked Sensor fault signals The arc protection function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Table 5 3 24 187 Output signals of the IArc I0Arc function Outputs Activation condition Channel 1 Light In Channel 2 Light In Channel 3 Light In Channel 4 Light In The arc protection card s ...

Page 268: ... The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator two block signal checks output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the TRIP BLOCKED light sensing etc signals w...

Page 269: ...to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays The AQ 100 series units send out test pulses in specific intervals to check the health of the wiring between the AQ 100 series units The parameter I I0 Arc Self supervision test pulse should be activated when connecting the AQ 100 series units to the AQ 200 series arc protection card to prevent the pulses from activati...

Page 270: ...f the channels have a pressure sensing sensor enable it the same way as the regular light sensors If either phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent is needed for the tripping decision they can be enabled in the same way as light sensors in the zone When a current channel is enabled the measured current needs to be above the set current limit in addition to light sensing Measured input Arc protec...

Page 271: ...0arc function is controlled by one of the following the phase current pick up setting the residual current pick up setting or the sensor channels The pick up setting depends on which of these are activated in the zone Table 5 3 24 189 Enabled Zone pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Phase current pick up The phase current measurement s pick up value in p u 0 05 40 00 x In 0 01 x I...

Page 272: ... zone to trip 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the TRIP signal generation of the function The TRIP signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or th...

Page 273: ...blocking to activate in time Events and registers The arc fault protection function abbreviated ARC in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3...

Page 274: ...71 74 ARC1 35 Channel 3 Pressure OFF 4772 74 ARC1 36 Channel 4 Light ON 4773 74 ARC1 37 Channel 4 Light OFF 4774 74 ARC1 38 Channel 4 Pressure ON 4775 74 ARC1 39 Channel 4 Pressure OFF 4776 74 ARC1 40 DI Signal ON 4777 74 ARC1 41 DI Signal OFF 4778 74 ARC1 42 I I0 Arc Sensor 1 Fault ON 4779 74 ARC1 43 I I0 Arc Sensor 1 Fault OFF 4780 74 ARC1 44 I I0 Arc Sensor 2 Fault ON 4781 74 ARC1 45 I I0 Arc S...

Page 275: ...ammable stage cycle time is 5 ms The pick up delay depends on which analog signal is used as well as its refresh rate typically under a cycle in a 50 Hz system The number of programmable stages to be used is set in the INFO tab When this function has been set as Activated the number of programmable stages can be set anywhere between one 1 and ten 10 depending on how many the application needs In t...

Page 276: ...ssed signal is easier to set although it is also possible to just use the scaling factor of 1 0 and set the desired pick up limit as the primary voltage Similaryly any chosen measurement value can be scaled to the desired form When two or three signals are chosen for comparison an additional signal PSx Magnitude handling setting appears From its drop down menu the user chooses how the signals are ...

Page 277: ... if either of the measured signals fulfills the comparison condition Similarly the user can set up a comparison of three values The table below presents the available modes for a three signal comparison Mode Description 0 Mag1 x Mag2 x Mag3 Multiplies Signals 1 2 and 3 The comparison uses the product of this calculation 1 Max Mag1 Mag2 Mag3 The biggest value of the chosen signals is used in the co...

Page 278: ...ion Each signal has their own pick up setting The image below is an example of setting an analog comparison with three signals The stage will trip if Signal 1 or Signal 2 as well as Signal 3 fulfill the pick up condition The settings for different comparisons are in the setting groups This means that each signal parameter can be changed by changing the setting group A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction ma...

Page 279: ...set relative pick up value in 20 ms in either direction the comparison condition is fulfilled The condition is not dependent on direction 6 Delta measval C Change o hange ov ver time er time If the measured signal changes more than the set pick up value in 20 ms the comparison condition is fulfilled The condition is dependent on direction 7 Delta abs measval C Change o hange ov ver time er time ab...

Page 280: ...e in p u IL2 19th h IL2 19th harmonic value in p u IL3 Description IL3 ff p u IL3 Fundamental frequency RMS value in p u IL3 2nd h IL3 2nd harmonic value in p u IL3 3rd h IL3 3rd harmonic value in p u IL3 4th h IL3 4th harmonic value in p u IL3 5th h IL3 5th harmonic value in p u IL3 7th h IL3 7th harmonic value in p u IL3 9th h IL3 9th harmonic value in p u IL3 11th h IL3 11th harmonic value in p...

Page 281: ...ic value in p u I02 9th h I02 9th harmonic value in p u I02 11th h I02 11th harmonic value in p u I02 13th h I02 13th harmonic value in p u I02 15th h I02 15th harmonic value in p u I02 17th h I02 17th harmonic value in p u I02 19th h I02 19th harmonic value in p u TRMS Description IL1 TRMS IL1 TRMS value in p u IL2 TRMS IL2 TRMS value in p u IL3 TRMS IL3 TRMS value in p u I01 TRMS I01 TRMS value ...

Page 282: ... to phase voltages Description UL12Mag UL12 Primary voltage V UL23Mag UL23 Primary voltage V UL31Mag UL31 Primary voltage V Phase to neutral voltages Description UL1Mag UL1 Primary voltage V UL2Mag UL2 Primary voltage V UL3Mag UL3 Primary voltage V U0Mag U0 Primary voltage V Angles Description UL12Ang UL12 angle UL23Ang UL23 angle UL31Ang UL31 angle UL1Ang UL1 angle UL2Ang UL2 angle UL3Ang UL3 ang...

Page 283: ...ower L3 P kW QL3 Reactive power L3 Q kVar tanfiL3 Phase active power direction L3 cosfiL3 Phase reactive power direction L3 Impedance and admit Impedance and admittance Z tance ZR RX Y X YGB GB Name Description RL12Pri Resistance R L12 primary Ω XL12Pri Reactance X L12 primary Ω RL23Pri Resistance R L23 primary Ω XL23Pri Reactance X L23 primary Ω RL31Pri Resistance R L31 primary Ω XL31Pri Reactanc...

Page 284: ...XL3Sec Reactance X L3 secondary Ω Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary Ω Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary Ω Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 primary Ω Z1Sec Impedance Z L1 secondary Ω Z2Sec Impedance Z L2 secondary Ω Z3Sec Impedance Z L3 secondary Ω Z1Angle Impedance Z L1 angle Z2Angle Impedance Z L2 angle Z3Angle Impedance Z L3 angle RSeqPri Positive Resistance R primary Ω XSeqPri Positive Reactance X primary Ω RSeqSec ...

Page 285: ...angle YL2Angle Admittance Y L2 angle YL3Angle Admittance Y L3 angle G0Pri Conductance G0 primary mS B0Pri Susceptance B0 primary mS G0Sec Conductance G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Others Others Name Description System f System frequency Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequ...

Page 286: ...ription Range Step Default PS Pick up setting Mag calc Pick up magnitude 5 000 000 0000 5 000 000 0000 0 0001 0 01 PS Setting hysteresis Mag Setting hysteresis 0 0000 50 0000 0 0001 3 Definite operating time delay Delay setting 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 04s Release time delays Pick up release delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 06s The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the STAR...

Page 287: ...nt buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 25 194 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 8576 134 PGS1 0 PS1 Start ON 8577 134 PGS1 1 PS1 Start OFF 8578 134 PGS1 2 PS1 Trip ON 8579 134 PGS1 3 PS1 Trip OFF 8580 134 PGS1 4 PS1 Block ON 8581 134 PGS1 5 PS1 Block OFF 8582 13...

Page 288: ... 134 PGS1 40 PS7 Trip ON 8617 134 PGS1 41 PS7 Trip OFF 8618 134 PGS1 42 PS7 Block ON 8619 134 PGS1 43 PS7 Block OFF 8620 134 PGS1 44 PS8 Start ON 8621 134 PGS1 45 PS8 Start OFF 8622 134 PGS1 46 PS8 Trip ON 8623 134 PGS1 47 PS8 Trip OFF 8624 134 PGS1 48 PS8 Block ON 8625 134 PGS1 49 PS8 Block OFF 8626 134 PGS1 50 PS9 Start ON 8627 134 PGS1 51 PS9 Start OFF 8628 134 PGS1 52 PS9 Trip ON 8629 134 PGS1...

Page 289: ...to a few volts or close to nothing In such cases when the measured voltage is absent the fault direction cannot be solved As backup non directional protection can be used for tripping but in such cases the selectivity of the network will reduce However an angle memory for voltage can be used to prevent this from happening An adjustable voltage level with pre fault voltage angles can be used as a r...

Page 290: ...angle and the actual measured phase current angle takes place While voltage memory is used the angle of phase currents drifts approximately one degree for each passing second see the graph below Figure 5 3 26 183 Voltage angle drift The blocking signal for voltage memory can be found among other stage related settings in the tab VT Module 3U 4U 1 The blocking signal is checked in the beginning of ...

Page 291: ...y is between 0 5 1 0 s When the operating time passes and voltage memory is no longer used directional overcurrent and or distance protection goes to the unidirectional mode to secure a safe tripping The memory uses longer operating times when a backup protection is applied e g in distance protection zones are farther away F For orced C ced CT f track T f tracking on VMEM ing on VMEM While fixed f...

Page 292: ...uency tracked from CT OFF 12168 190 M1VT1 8 Using Voltage memory ON 12169 190 M1VT1 9 Using Voltage memory OFF 12170 190 M1VT1 10 Voltage memory blocked ON 12171 190 M1VT1 11 Voltage memory blocked OFF 5 4 Control functions 5 4 1 Setting group selection All relay types support up to eight 8 separate setting groups The Setting group selection function block controls the availability and selection o...

Page 293: ... Force SG change is disabled again Setting groups can be controlled either by pulses or by signal levels The setting group controller block gives setting groups priority values for situations when more than one setting group is controlled at the same time the request from a higher priority setting group is taken into use Setting groups follow a hierarchy in which setting group 1 has the highest pr...

Page 294: ...ically controlled to ON after Force SG is disabled If there are no other controls the last set setting group remains active Force setting group change 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled The selection of whether the setting group forcing is enabled or disabled This setting has to be active before the setting group can be changed remotely or from a local HMI This parameter overrides the local control o...

Page 295: ...not be processed Setting group 6 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active The selection of Setting group 6 SG6 Has the third lowest priority input in setting group control Can be controlled with pulses or static signals If static signal control is applied SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed Setting group 7 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active The selection of Setting group 7 SG7 Has the second lowe...

Page 296: ...itoring the state of the Petersen coil connection When the connection is done with one wire the setting group change logic can be applied as shown in the figure above The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active If the coil is disconnected Setting group 2 is active This way if the wire is broken for some reason the setting group is always controlled to SG2 A AQ Q G215...

Page 297: ...Figure 5 4 1 188 Setting group control two wire connection from Petersen coil status A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 296 ...

Page 298: ...itional logic With a two wire connection the state of the Petersen coil can be monitored more securely The additional logic ensures that a single wire loss will not affect the correct setting group selection The application controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the relay s internal logics For example the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick up functio...

Page 299: ...e of logics in setting group control One could also have SG2 be the primary SG while the ON signal would be controlled by the higher priority SG1 this way the setting group would automatically return to SG2 after the automatic control is over Events The setting group selection function block abbreviated SGS in event block names generates events from its controlling status its applied input signals...

Page 300: ... Request ON 4187 65 SGS 27 SG7 Request OFF 4188 65 SGS 28 SG8 Request ON 4189 65 SGS 29 SG8 Request OFF 4190 65 SGS 30 Remote Change SG Reqeuest ON 4191 65 SGS 31 Remote Change SG Request OFF 4192 65 SGS 32 Local Change SG Request ON 4193 65 SGS 33 Local Change SG Request OFF 4194 65 SGS 34 Force Change SG ON 4195 65 SGS 35 Force Change SG OFF 4196 65 SGS 36 SG Request Fail Not configured SG ON 41...

Page 301: ...ontrol or by remote control Local manual control can be done by relays front panel HMI or by external push buttons connected to relays digital inputs Manual remote control can be done through one of the various communication protocols available Modbus IEC101 103 104 etc The function supports the modes Direct control and Select before execute while controlled remotely Automatic controlling can be d...

Page 302: ...nds while device is in Local status Object name Objectx The user set name of the object at maximum 32 characters long Object type 0 Withdrawable circuit breaker 1 Circuit breaker 2 Disconnector MC 3 Disconnector GND 1 Circuit breaker The selection of the object type This selection defines the number of required digital inputs for the monitored object This affects the symbol displayed in the HMI an...

Page 303: ...sts 0 232 1 1 Displays the number of successful Close requests Open requests failed 0 232 1 1 Displays the number of failed Open requests Close requests failed 0 232 1 1 Displays the number of failed Close requests Clear statistics 0 1 Clear 0 Clears the request statistics setting them back to zero 0 Automatically returns to after the clearing is finished Table 5 4 2 202 Object types Name Function...

Page 304: ...ted by the user SWx A link to a physical digital input Indicates that status of the monitored object 1 means that the object is ready and the spring is charged for a close command If IEC 61850 is enabled GOOSE signals can be used for status indication Syncrocheck permission Sync Check status In Digital input or other logical signal selected by the user SWx A link to a physical digital input or a s...

Page 305: ...bjectx LOCAL Close control input Digital input or other logical signal selected by the user The local Close command from a physical digital input e g a push button Objectx LOCAL Open control input Digital input or other logical signal selected by the user The local Open command from a physical digital input e g a push button Objectx REMOTE Close control input Digital input or other logical signal ...

Page 306: ...block names generates events and registers from the status changes in monitored signals as well as control command fails and operations The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process dat...

Page 307: ...2958 46 OBJ1 14 Close Command ON 2959 46 OBJ1 15 Close Command OFF 2960 46 OBJ1 16 Open Blocked ON 2961 46 OBJ1 17 Open Blocked OFF 2962 46 OBJ1 18 Close Blocked ON 2963 46 OBJ1 19 Close Blocked OFF 2964 46 OBJ1 20 Object Ready 2965 46 OBJ1 21 Object Not Ready 2966 46 OBJ1 22 Sync Ok 2967 46 OBJ1 23 Sync Not Ok 2968 46 OBJ1 24 Open Command Fail 2969 46 OBJ1 25 Close Command Fail 2970 46 OBJ1 26 Fi...

Page 308: ... 47 OBJ2 24 Open Command Fail 3033 47 OBJ2 25 Close Command Fail 3034 47 OBJ2 26 Final trip ON 3035 47 OBJ2 27 Final trip OFF 3072 48 OBJ3 0 Object Intermediate 3073 48 OBJ3 1 Object Open 3074 48 OBJ3 2 Object Close 3075 48 OBJ3 3 Object Bad 3076 48 OBJ3 4 WD Intermediate 3077 48 OBJ3 5 WD Out 3078 48 OBJ3 6 WD In 3079 48 OBJ3 7 WD Bad 3080 48 OBJ3 8 Open Request ON 3081 48 OBJ3 9 Open Request OFF...

Page 309: ...49 OBJ4 7 WD Bad 3144 49 OBJ4 8 Open Request ON 3145 49 OBJ4 9 Open Request OFF 3146 49 OBJ4 10 Open Command ON 3147 49 OBJ4 11 Open Command OFF 3148 49 OBJ4 12 Close Request ON 3149 49 OBJ4 13 Close Request OFF 3150 49 OBJ4 14 Close Command ON 3151 49 OBJ4 15 Close Command OFF 3152 49 OBJ4 16 Open Blocked ON 3153 49 OBJ4 17 Open Blocked OFF 3154 49 OBJ4 18 Close Blocked ON 3155 49 OBJ4 19 Close B...

Page 310: ...Blocked OFF 3220 50 OBJ5 20 Object Ready 3221 50 OBJ5 21 Object Not Ready 3222 50 OBJ5 22 Sync Ok 3223 50 OBJ5 23 Sync Not Ok 3224 50 OBJ5 24 Open Command Fail 3225 50 OBJ5 25 Close Command Fail 3226 50 OBJ5 26 Final trip ON 3227 50 OBJ5 27 Final trip OFF Table 5 4 2 207 Register content Name Description Date and time dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss Event code 2944 9883 Descr Recorded Object opening time ...

Page 311: ... be changed by the use in the function s setup phase The inputs of the function are the binary status indications The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the following signals OPEN CLOSE BAD and INTERMEDIATE event signals The time stamp resolution is 1 ms Settings Function uses available hardware and software digital signal statuses These i...

Page 312: ...1 2 Close 6659 104 CIN1 3 Bad 6720 105 CIN2 0 Intermediate 6721 105 CIN2 1 Open 6722 105 CIN2 2 Close 6723 105 CIN2 3 Bad 6784 106 CIN3 0 Intermediate 6785 106 CIN3 1 Open 6786 106 CIN3 2 Close 6787 106 CIN3 3 Bad 6848 107 CIN4 0 Intermediate 6849 107 CIN4 1 Open 6850 107 CIN4 2 Close 6851 107 CIN4 3 Bad 6912 108 CIN5 0 Intermediate 6913 108 CIN5 1 Open 6914 108 CIN5 2 Close 6915 108 CIN5 3 Bad 5 ...

Page 313: ... the U3 channel and the selected system voltage UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 or UL31 SYN2 Supervises the synchronization condition between the U4 channel and the selected system voltage UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 or UL31 SYN3 Supervises the synchronization condition between the channels U3 and U4 The seven images below present three different example connections and four example applications of the synchroche...

Page 314: ...synchrocheck function 2LL U0 U4 mode SYN1 in use UL12 as reference voltage Figure 5 4 4 195 Example connection of the synchrocheck function 2LL U3 U4 mode SYN3 in use UL12 as reference voltage A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 313 ...

Page 315: ...mple application synchrocheck over one breaker with 3LL and 3LN VT connections Figure 5 4 4 197 Example application synchrocheck over one breaker with 2LL VT connection A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 314 ...

Page 316: ...Figure 5 4 4 198 Example application synchrocheck over two breakers with 2LL VT connection A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 315 ...

Page 317: ...he measured voltages The outputs of the function are the SYN OK BYPASS and BLOCKED signals The synchrocheck function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Depending on how the measured voltage compares to the set U live and U dead parameters either system can be in a live or a dead state The parameter SYNx U conditions is used to determine the...

Page 318: ...es The following figures present simplified function block diagrams of the synchrocheck function Figure 5 4 4 201 Simplified function block diagram of the SYN1 and SYN2 function A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 317 ...

Page 319: ...RMS measurement of voltage U1 V 5ms U2RMS RMS measurement of voltage U2 V 5ms U3RMS RMS measurement of voltage U3 V 5ms U4RMS RMS measurement of voltage U4 V 5ms Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to th...

Page 320: ...cement atm 360 360deg 0 001deg Networks placement in degrees Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the synchronization is OK a SYN OK signal is generated If the blocking signal is active when the SYN OK activates a BL...

Page 321: ...s Estimated time between a close command given to a breaker and the breaker entering the closed state This setting is used to time the closing of the breaker so that both sides are as synchronized as possible when the breaker is actually closed This setting is only visible when SYN1 switching is activated SYN1 Switching object 0 Object 1 1 Object 2 2 Object 3 3 Object 4 4 Object 5 0 Object 1 When ...

Page 322: ...tatus changes such as SYN OK BYPASS and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers three 3 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 4 4 215 Event codes Event number Event channel Event bloc...

Page 323: ...913 45 SYN1 33 SYN3 Bypass OFF 2914 45 SYN1 34 SYN3 Volt condition OK 2915 45 SYN1 35 SYN3 Volt cond not match 2916 45 SYN1 36 SYN3 Volt diff Ok 2917 45 SYN1 37 SYN3 Volt diff out of setting 2918 45 SYN1 38 SYN3 Angle diff Ok 2919 45 SYN1 39 SYN3 Angle diff out of setting 2920 45 SYN1 40 SYN3 Frequency diff Ok 2921 45 SYN1 41 SYN3 Frequency diff out of setting 2922 45 SYN1 42 SYN1 Switch ON 2923 4...

Page 324: ...r It is also much more simple and cost effective The benefits of 4 20 mA loops the dominant standard in many industries the simplest option to connect and configure uses less wiring and connections than other signals thus greatly reducing initial setup costs good for travelling long distances as current does not degrade over long connections like voltage does less sensitive to background electrica...

Page 325: ...ontrol Magnitude of mA output channel dependent on the measurement category selection dependent on the measurement category selection Defines the measurement magnitude used for mA output control The available measurements depend on the selection of the Magnitude selection for mA output channel parameter Input value 1 107 107 0 001 0 The first input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA ou...

Page 326: ...he ratio between the power generation and the demand of the islanded system When any power is supplied to a load only from distributed generators due to the opening of the main switch the situation is called an isolated island operation or an islanded operation of the electrical distribution network The vector jump control function is suitable to detect most islanding situations and to switch off ...

Page 327: ...The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the ALARM TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the vector jump function Figure 5 4 6 205 Simplified function block diagram of the Δφ function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values and always uses complex measurement from samples A 20 ms averaged ...

Page 328: ... can even break the rotor and cause subsequent damage not only for the generator but for the entire power plant too Figure 5 4 6 206 Generator islanding As can be seen in the example above only phase to phase voltages L1 L2 and L3 L1 have been reduced while voltage L2 L3 remains the same This means that the problem occured in phase L1 of the network The voltage level is not reduced to zero nor is ...

Page 329: ...ting for alarm signal 0 05 30 00 0 01 5 Undervoltage block limit Un Block setting If set to zero blocking is not in use The operation is explained in the next chapter 0 00 100 00 Un 0 01 Un 95 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START or TRIP signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters...

Page 330: ...f the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The b...

Page 331: ...as been activated or disabled it remains in that state until given a new command to switch to the opposite state see the image below The switch cannot be controlled by an auxiliary input such as digital inputs or logic signals it can only be controlled locally mimic or remotely RTU Settings These settings can be accessed at Control Device I O Programmable control switch Table 5 4 7 226 Settings Na...

Page 332: ...n cards mA inputs in mA output mA input option cards Digital input voltages Table 5 4 8 228 Main settings input channel Name Range Step Default Description Analog input scaling 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables and disables the input Scaling curve 1 4 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables and disables the scaling curve and the input measurement Curve 1 4 input signal select 0 S7 mA Inp...

Page 333: ...time constant This is why rapid changes and disturbances such as fast spikes are smothered The Nyquist rate states that the filter time constant must be at least double the period time of the disturbance process signal For example the value for the filter time constant is 2 seconds for a 1 second period time of a disturbance oscillation When the curve signal is out of range it activates the ASC1 4...

Page 334: ...alue 2 0 4000 0 000 01 1 The measured input value at Curve Point 2 Scaled output value 1 107 107 0 000 01 0 Scales the measured milliampere signal at Point 2 Add curvepoint 3 20 0 Not used 1 Used 0 Not used Allows the user to create their own curve with up to twenty 20 curve points instead of using a linear curve between two points 5 4 9 Logical outputs Logical outputs are used for sending binary ...

Page 335: ...logical input which has been set to Hold mode is controlled to 1 the input will switch to status 1 and it stays in that status until it is given a control command to go to status 0 or until the device is rebooted When a logical input which has been set to Pulse mode is controlled to 1 the input will switch to status 1 and return back to 0 after 5 ms The figure below presents the operation of a log...

Page 336: ...s used for monitoring the CTs as well as the wirings between the device and the CT inputs for malfunctions and wire breaks An open CT circuit can generate dangerously high voltages into the CT secondary side and cause unintended activations of current balance monitoring functions Figure 5 5 1 211 Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 335 ...

Page 337: ... alarm to activate None of the three phase currents exceeds the Iset high limit setting At least one of the three phase currents exceeds the Iset low limit setting At least one of the three phase currents are below the Iset low limit setting The ratio between the calculated minum and maximum of the three phase currents is below the Iset ratio setting The ratio between the negative sequence and the...

Page 338: ...he user can select what is used for the residual current measurement nothing the I01 RMS measurement or the I02 RMS measurement Table 5 5 1 230 Measured inputs of the CTS function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01...

Page 339: ...d while the line is energized the currently present calculated residual current is compensated to 0 Pick up The Iset and I0set setting parameters control the current dependent pick up and activation of the current transformer supervision function They define the minimum and maximum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the set...

Page 340: ...ng signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation furt...

Page 341: ... Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring When a fault is detected and all conditions are met the CTS timer starts counting If the situation continues until the set time has passed the function issues an alarm A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 340 ...

Page 342: ...il the set time has passed the function issues an alarm This means that the function supervises both the primary and the secondary circuit Figure 5 5 1 216 No wiring fault but heavy unbalance If any of the phases exceed the Iset high limit setting the operation of the function is not activated This behavior is applied to short circuits and earth faults even when the fault current exceeds the Iset ...

Page 343: ...ing parameters are adjusted according to the application s normal behavior the operation of the function can be set to be very sensitive for broken circuit and conductor faults Figure 5 5 1 218 Normal situation residual current also measured When the residual condition is added with the I0 input selection the sum of the current and the residual current are compared against each other to verify the...

Page 344: ... and alarm shall be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met Figure 5 5 1 220 Broken primary phase current wiring In this example all other condition are met except the residual difference That is now 0 In which indicates a primary side fault A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 343 ...

Page 345: ... ALARM ACTIVATED and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 5 1 233 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 3328 52 CTS1 0 Alarm ON 3329 52 CTS1 1 Alarm OFF 3330 52 CTS1 2 Block ON 3331 5...

Page 346: ...Setting group 1 8 active 5 5 2 Voltage transformer supervision 60 Voltage transformer supervision is used to detect errors in the secondary circuit of the voltage transformer during fuse failure This signal is mostly used as an alarming function or to disable functions that require adequate voltage measurement Figure 5 5 2 222 Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring The following figure present...

Page 347: ...L12RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL12 V 5ms UL23RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL23 V 5ms UL31RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL31 V 5ms UL1RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL1 V 5ms UL2RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL2 V 5ms UL3RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL3 V 5ms U1P Positive sequence voltage 5ms U2N Negative sequence voltage 5ms UZ0 Zero sequence voltage 5ms UL12Ang Angle of UL12 voltage 5ms...

Page 348: ...t the state of the bus fuse is supervised The supervised signal is determined the VTS MCB Trip bus setting I O Fuse failure inputs Line fuse fail check 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Selects whether or not the state of the line fuse is supervised The supervised signal is determined by the VTS MCB Trip line setting I O Fuse failure inputs The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START ...

Page 349: ...e blocking signal it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the re...

Page 350: ...tatus System status Input A B C D angle diff Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 3392 3403 Descr 0 No voltage 1 Voltage OK 2 Low voltage 0 Bus dead 1 Bus live VTS OK Seq OK 2 Bus live VTS OK Seq reversed 3 Bus live VTS OK Seq undefined 4 Bus live VTS fault 0 00 360 00deg 0 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 5 3 Circuit breaker wear The circuit breaker wear function is used for monito...

Page 351: ...mmand The outputs of the function are the ALARM 1 and ALARM 2 signals The inputs for the function are the following setting parameters binary output signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function s output signals can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the...

Page 352: ... The number of interrupting life operations at the rated breaking current Open Current 1 Inom 0 100 00kA 0 01kA 1kA The rated normal current RMS Current 2 Imax 0 100 00kA 0 01kA 20kA The rated short circuit breaking current RMS Pick up for alarming For the alarm stages Alarm 1 and Alarm 2 the user can set the pick up level for the number of operations left The pick up setting is common for all pha...

Page 353: ...pecifications provided by the manufacturer with the data relevant to our settings highlighted in red Now we set the stage as follows Parameter Setting Current 1 0 80 kA Operation 1 30 000 operations Current 2 16 00 kA Operations 2 100 operations Enable Alarm 1 1 Enabled Alarm 1 Set 1000 operations Enable Alarm 2 1 Enabled A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 352 ...

Page 354: ...dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 3712 3716 Descr Phase currents on trigger time Allowed operations with trigger current Deducted operations from the cumulative sum Operations left 5 5 4 Total harmonic distortion THD The total harmonic distortion THD function is used for monitoring the content of the current harmonic The THD is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and it is defined as the ratio ...

Page 355: ...groups which can be selected from one common source The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal chec time delay characteristics output processing The inputs of the function are the following setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs can be used for direct I ...

Page 356: ...me base IL1FFT FFT measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2FFT FFT measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3FFT FFT measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms I01FFT FFT measurement of residual I01 current 5ms I02FFT FFT measurement of residual I02 current 5ms The selection of the calculation method is made with a setting parameter common for all measurement channels General settings The following gen...

Page 357: ...e of the phases measured THD value has to exceed this setting in order for the alarm signal to activate I01 THD pick up 0 10 100 00 0 01 10 00 The pick up setting for the THD alarm element from the residual current I01 The measured THD value has to exceed this setting in order for the alarm signal to activate I02 THD pick up 0 10 100 00 0 01 10 00 The pick up setting for the THD alarm element from...

Page 358: ...ault Description Phase THD alarm delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the phase currents measured THD I01 THD alarm delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual current I01 s measured THD I02 THD alarm delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual current I02 s ...

Page 359: ...he recorder s analog channels is 64 samples per cycle The recorder also supports 95 digital channels simultaneously with the twenty 20 measured analog channels The recorder provides a great tool to analyze the performance of the power system during network disturbance situations The recorder s output is in general COMTRADE format and it is compatible with most viewers and injection devices The fil...

Page 360: ...I01 f Residual current I01 fine CT card 3 I02 c Residual current I02 coarse CT card 3 I02 f Residual current I02 fine CT card 3 ISup_3 Current measurement module voltage supply supervision CT card 3 UL1 2 VT2 Line to neutral UL1 or line to line voltage U12 VT card 2 UL2 3 VT2 Line to neutral UL2 or line to line voltage U23 VT card 2 UL3 1 VT2 Line to neutral UL3 or line to line voltage U31 VT card...

Page 361: ...I01 I02 Pha curr ILx TRMS Phase current TRMS ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 P P curr ILx Phase to phase current ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 Pha curr ILx TRMS Sec Secondary phase current TRMS IL1 IL2 IL3 P P curr I0x Phase to phase current I0x I01 I02 Voltages Ux Volt p u Ux voltage in per unit values U1 U2 U3 U4 System volt ULxx mag Magnitude of the system voltage ULxx UL12 UL23 UL31 Ux Volt pri Primary Ux voltage U1 U2 U3 ...

Page 362: ...rent I0x I01 I02 ILx Reactive Current Pri Primary reactive current ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 I0x Residual Reactive Current Sec Secondary residual reactive current I0x I01 I02 Power GYB frequency Lx PF Lx power factor L1 L2 L3 Curve x Input Input of Curve x 1 2 3 4 POW1 3PH Apparent power S Three phase apparent power Curve x Output Output of Curve x 1 2 3 4 POW1 3PH Apparent power S MVA Three phase apparent ...

Page 363: ...ring event signals see the individual function description for the specific outputs Status PushButton x Off Status of Push Button 1 12 is OFF Always True False Always false is always 0 Always true is always 1 Forced SG in use Stage forcing in use OUTx Output contact statuses SGx Active Setting group 1 8 active GOOSE INx GOOSE input 1 64 Double Ethernet LinkA down Double ethernet communication card...

Page 364: ...urn back to automatically Clear all records 0 1 Clear 0 Clears all disturbance recordings Clear newest record 0 1 Clear 0 Clears the newest stored disturbance recording Clear oldest record 0 1 Clear 0 Clears the oldest stored disturbance recording Max number of recordings 0 100 1 Displays the maximum number of recordings that can be stored in the device s memory with settings currently in use The ...

Page 365: ...server of the relay Up to six 6 recordings can be stored in the FTP at once Once those six recordings have been retrieved and removed more recordings will then be pushed to the FTP When a recording has been sent to the FTP server of the relay it is no longer accessible through setting tools Disturbance recorder Get DR files command Recorder digital channels 0 95 freely selectable channels Selects ...

Page 366: ...y using the setting tool software or relay HMI and the results are analyzed with the AQviewer software is automatically downloaded and installed with AQtivate Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website arcteq fi downloads In this example we want the recordings to be made according to the following specifications the recording length is 6 0 s the sample rate is 64 s c th...

Page 367: ...nalyzed by using the AQviewer software see the image below However the recording must first be made accessible to AQViewer The user can read it from the device s memory Disturbance recorder Get DR files Alternatively the user can load the recordings individually Disturbance recorder DR List from a folder in the PC s hard disk drive the exact location of the folder is described in Tools Settings DR...

Page 368: ... measured signals Analog channels on the left to move them to the plotter In the image below on the left the phase currents IL1 IL2 and IL3 are selected AQViewer color codes them automatically If you want to add another plotter choose the blue icon in the main toolbar on the top Please note that the Add plotter text appears when you move the cursor on top of the icon Once clicked the Add graph pop...

Page 369: ... out the amplitude of individual plotters by holding down S Shift hift and scrolling the mouse wheel up and down respectively 4 You can toggle between primary P and secondary S signals numbered 4 in the image below Events The disturbance recorder function abbreviated DR in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes of the function the recorder generates an event each ...

Page 370: ...er the measurements are recorded in the setting tool or in the relay If the recording is done in the setting tool both the setting tool software and its Live Edit mode have to be activated The user can change the recording file location by editing the Path field File names can also be changed with the File name field Hitting the Record button the big red circle starts the recorder Please note that...

Page 371: ...Pha Curr IL3 TRMS Pri I Pos Seq Curr angle L2 Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Pri Pos Seq Curr I Neg Seq Curr angle L2 Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pri Neg Seq Curr I Zero Seq Curr angle L2 Exp React Cap E kvarh Pri Zero Seq Curr V Volta oltage mea ge measur surements ements L2 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Res Curr I01 TRMS Pri U1Volt Pri L2 Imp React Cap E kvarh Res Curr I02 TRMS Pri U2Volt Pri L2 Exp Imp React Cap ...

Page 372: ...urr U2Volt TRMS p u Exp Active Energy MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS U3Volt p u Exp Active Energy kWh Res Curr I02 TRMS U4Volt p u Imp Active Energy MWh Pha L1 ampl THD Pos Seq Volt p u Imp Active Energy kWh Pha L2 ampl THD Neg Seq Volt p u Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Pha L3 ampl THD Zero Seq Volt p u Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Pha L1 pow THD U1Volt Angle Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pha L2 pow THD U2Volt Angle Exp ...

Page 373: ...rement I Pri Zero Seq Curr System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res Curr I 01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res Curr I 02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L1 System Volt U0 ang S7 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L2 System Volt U1 ang S8 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L3 System Volt U2 ang S9 Measurement Sec Res Curr I 01 System Volt U3 ang S10 Measurement Sec Res Curr ...

Page 374: ...on records the value of the selected magnitudes at the time of a pre defined trigger signal An typical application is the recording of fault currents or voltages at the time of the breaker trips it can also be used to record the values from any trigger signal set by the user The user can select whether the function records per unit values or primary values Additionally the user can set the functio...

Page 375: ...se currents IL1Ang IL2Ang IL3Ang I01Ang I02Ang I0CalcAng I1Ang I2Ang The angles of each measured current V Volta oltages ges Descrip Description tion UL1Mag UL2Mag UL3Mag UL12Mag UL23Mag UL31Mag U0Mag U0CalcMag The magnitudes of phase voltages of phase to phase voltages and of residual voltages U1 Pos seq V mag U2 Neg seq V mag The positive sequence voltage and the negative sequence voltage UL1Ang...

Page 376: ...f f1 The reference frequency 1 Ref f2 The reference frequency 2 M thermal T The motor thermal temperature F thermal T The feeder thermal temperature T thermal T The transformer thermal temperature RTD meas 1 16 The RTD measurement channels 1 16 Ext RTD meas 1 8 The external RTD measurement channels 1 8 ADAM module Reported values When triggered the function holds the recorded values of up to eight...

Page 377: ...21 I0Dir Trip 22 I0Dir Trip 23 I0Dir Trip 24 I0Dir Trip 25 f Trip 26 f Trip 27 f Trip 28 f Trip 29 f Trip 30 f Trip 31 f Trip 32 f Trip 33 P Trip 34 P Trip 35 Prev Trip 36 T Trip 37 I2 Trip 38 I2 Trip 39 I2 Trip 40 I2 Trip 41 U1 2 Trip 42 U1 2 Trip 43 U1 2 Trip 44 U1 2 Trip 45 U0 Trip 46 U0 Trip 47 U0 Trip 48 U0 Trip The tripped stage Overcurrent fault type 0 1 A G 2 B G 3 A B 4 C G 5 A C 6 B C 7 ...

Page 378: ... 000 A V p u 0 001 A V p u The recorded value in one of the eight channels Events The measurement value recorder function abbreviated VREC in event block names generates events from the function triggers The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both Table 5 5 7 262 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 9984 156 ...

Page 379: ... 0 255 255 255 255 Defines the address of the NTP client NO NOTE TE This address must be different than the relay s IP address Netmask 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 Defines the client s netmask Gateway 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 Defines the client s gateway MAC address Displays the MAC address of the client Network status 0 Running 1 IP error 2 NM error 3 GW error Displays the status or possible errors of ...

Page 380: ... 1 Enabled Enables and disables the Modbus TCP on the Ethernet port IP port 0 65 535 Defines the IP port used by Modbus TCP The standard port and the default setting is 502 Event read mode 0 Get oldest available 1 Continue previous connection 2 New events only 0 Get oldest event possible Default and current implementation 1 Continue with the event idx from previous connection 2 Get only new events...

Page 381: ...Channel 7 or None Selects the number of channels to be used by the module Table 6 1 3 270 Channel settings Name Range Step Default Description T C type 0 20mA 1 4 20mA 2 Type J 3 Type K 4 Type T 5 Type E 6 Type R 7 Type S 1 4 20mA Selects the thermocouple or the mA input connected to the I O module Types J K T and E are nickel alloy thermocouples while Types R and S are platinum rhodium alloy ther...

Page 382: ...easurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Frequency deadband 0 01 1 00Hz 0 01Hz 0 1Hz Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Current deadband 0 01 50 00A 0 01A 5A Determin...

Page 383: ...Rev 1 232 1 1 1 Defines the configuration revision that will be matched with the publisher s GOOSE control block Data index DataIdx 0 99 1 Defines the data index of the value in the matched published frame It is the status of the GOOSE input NextIdx is quality 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Selects whether or not the next received input is the quality bit of the GOOSE input Data type 0 Boolean 1 Integer 2 Unsign...

Page 384: ...Communication DNP3 IP port 0 65 535 1 20 000 Defines the IP port used by the protocol Slave address 1 65 519 1 1 Defines the DNP3 slave address of the unit Master address 1 65 534 1 2 Defines the address for the allowed master Link layer time out 0 60 000ms 1ms 0ms Defines the length of the time out for the link layer Link layer retries 1 20 1 1 Defines the number of retries for the link layer Dia...

Page 385: ...r deadband 0 1 1000 0kW 0 1kW 2kW Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Reactive power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVar 0 1kVar 2kVar Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the...

Page 386: ...er address 0 65 534 1 1 Defines the address for the link layer Link layer address size 1 2 1 2 Defines the address size of the link layer Information object address size 2 3 1 3 Defines the address size of the information object Cause of transmission size 1 2 1 2 Defines the cause of transmission size IEC 104 settings Table 6 1 8 277 IEC 104 settings Name Range Step Default Description IEC 104 ena...

Page 387: ...d settings for this measurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Frequency deadband 0 01 1 00Hz 0 01Hz 0 1Hz Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Current deadband 0 01 50 ...

Page 388: ...e menu or through a communication protocol if one is in use The following table presents the setting parameters available for the 12 channels Table 6 2 279 Fault register settings Name Range Step Default Description Select record source 0 Not in use 1 12 I I I I IL1 IL2 IL3 13 24 Id Id Id Id IL1 IL2 IL3 25 28 I0 I0 I0 I0 I0 29 32 I0d I0d I0d I0d I0 33 FLX 0 Not in use Selects the protection functi...

Page 389: ...ce current I0CalcMag Residual current calculated from phase currents IL1Ang IL2Ang IL3Ang I01Ang I02Ang I0CalcAng I1Ang I2Ang Angles of each measured current Voltages UL1Mag UL2Mag UL3Mag UL12Mag UL23Mag UL31Mag U0Mag U0CalcMag Magnitudes of phase voltages phase to phase voltages and residual voltages U1 Pos seq V mag U2 Neg seq V mag Positive and negative sequence voltages UL1Ang UL2Ang UL3Ang UL...

Page 390: ...ent channels 1 8 ADAM module Settings Table 6 3 281 Settings Name Range Step Default Description Measurement value recorder mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Activates and disables the real time signals to communication Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Selects whether or not values are scaled to primary Slot X magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers 3 Impedance ZRX a...

Page 391: ...7 Connections and application examples 7 1 Connections of AQ G215 Figure 7 1 232 AQ G215 variant without add on modules A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 390 ...

Page 392: ...Figure 7 1 233 AQ G215 variant with digital input and output modules A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 391 ...

Page 393: ...M 1 1 1 1 Q 40 1 51V U03rd 64S Z 21U 4 Iarc I0arc 50Arc 51NArc OPTIONAL Idir 4 67 I0dir 4 67N U1 2 47 27P 59PN 4 1 PF 55 1 Iv P Q S 32 α 78 ΔV Δa Δf 7 2 Application example and its connections This chapter presents an application example for the generator protection IED Since three line to neutral voltages and the zero sequence voltage U4 are connected this application uses the voltage measurement...

Page 394: ... chapter presents the two phase three wire ARON input connection for any AQ 200 series IED with a current transformer The example is for applications with protection CTs for just two phases The connection is suitable for both motor and feeder applications A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 393 ...

Page 395: ...er supply through the IED s digital output and all the way to the open coil of the breaker It is recommended to supervise the health of the trip circuit when breaker is closed Trip circuit supervision with one digital input and one non latched trip output The figure below presents an application scheme for trip circuit supervision with one digital input and a non latched trip output With this conn...

Page 396: ...uld therefore be added to the digital input An activation delay that is slightly longer than the circuit breaker s operations time should be enough When circuit breaker failure protection CBFP is used adding its operation time to the digital input activation time is useful The whole digital input activation time is therefore tDI tCB tIEDrelease tCBFP The image below presents the necessary settings...

Page 397: ... same time The IED s output relay contact opens in under 50 ms or after a set release delay that takes place after the breaker is opened This means that the open coil is energized for a while after the breaker has already opened The coil could even be energized a moment longer if the circuit breaker failure protection has to be used and the incomer performs the trip Trip circuit supervision with o...

Page 398: ...e breaker is closed again The following logic scheme or similar blocks the supervision alarm when the circuit breaker is open The alarm is issued whenever the breaker is closed and whenever the inverted digital input signal TCS activates A normally closed digital input activates only when there is something wrong with the trip circuit and the auxiliary power goes off Logical output can be used in ...

Page 399: ...Figure 7 4 241 Example block scheme A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 398 ...

Page 400: ...e add on modules such as digital I O modules integrated arc protection or another special module The only difference between the slots affecting device scalability is that Slots E and F also support communication options When an add on module is inserted into the device the start up scan searches for modules according to their type designation code If the module location or content is not what the...

Page 401: ... OUT3 OUT4 and OUT5 2 Scan Scans Slot A and finds the four channels of the VT module fixed for AQ X215 If the VTM is not found the device issues an alarm 3 Scan Scans Slot B which should always remain empty in AQ X215 devices If it is not empty the device issues an alarm 4 Scan Scans Slot C and moves to the next slot if Slot C is empty If the scan finds an 8DI module that is a module with eight di...

Page 402: ...ion to Scan 6 checks which designations have been reserved by modules in previous slots and numbers the new ones accordingly Thus far this document has only explained the installation of I O add on cards to the option module slots This is because all other module types are treated in a same way For example when an additional communication port is installed into the upper port of the communication ...

Page 403: ...digital inputs Model with 2 digital inputs Model with 2 digital inputs X 1 Digital input 1 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V Digital input 1 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V X 2 Digital input 2 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V GND for digital input 1 X 3 Digital input 3 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V Digital input 2 nominal threshold voltage 24 ...

Page 404: ...chnical data section of this document Digital input settings The settings described in the table below can be found at Control Device I O Digital input settings in the relay settings Table 8 2 283 Digital input settings Name Range Step Default Description DIx Polarity 0 NO Normally open 1 NC Normally closed 0 NO Selects whether the status of the digital input is 1 or 0 when the input is energized ...

Page 405: ...ts is 5 A The input nominal current can be scaled for secondary currents of 1 10 A The secondary currents are calibrated to nominal currents of 1 A and 5 A which provide 0 5 inaccuracy when the range is 0 005 4 In The measurement ranges are as follows Phase currents 25 mA 250 A RMS Coarse residual current 5 mA 150 A RMS Fine residual current 1 mA 75 A RMS The characteristics of phase current input...

Page 406: ... fuses The nominal voltage can be set between 100 400 V Voltages are calibrated in a range of 0 240 V which provides 0 2 inaccuracy in the same range The voltage input characteristics are as follows The measurement range is 0 5 480 0 V per channel The angle measurement inaccuracy is less than 0 5 degrees within the nominal range The frequency measurement range of the voltage inputs is 6 1800 Hz wi...

Page 407: ...s original installation when required The properties of the inputs in this module are the same as those of the inputs in the main processor module The current consumption of the digital inputs is 2 mA when activated while the range of the operating voltage is from 0 265 VAC DC The activation and release thresholds are set in the software and the resolution is 1 V All digital inputs are scannced in...

Page 408: ...lay 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 0 to 1 DIx Drop off time 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 1 to 0 DIx AC Mode 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Selects whether or not a 30 ms deactivation delay is added to take the alternating current into account The DIx Release threshold parameter is hidden and forced...

Page 409: ...gital inputs Digital input voltages Table 8 5 285 Digital input channel voltage measurement Name Range Step Description DIx Voltage now 0 000 275 000 V 0 001 V Voltage measurement of a digital input channel 8 6 Digital output module optional Figure 8 6 249 Digital output module DO5 with five add on digital outputs Connector Description X 1 2 OUTx 1 1st and 2nd pole NO X 3 4 OUTx 2 1st and 2nd pole...

Page 410: ...al outputs are scanned in 5 ms program cycles and their contacts are mechanical in type The rated voltage of the NO NC outputs is 250 VAC DC For the naming convention of the digital inputs provided by this module please refer to the chapter titled Construction and installation For technical details please refer to the chapter titled Digital output module in the Technical data section of this docum...

Page 411: ...puts 1 or 2 must be wired through trip coil to the battery s negative terminal The high speed outputs can withstand voltages up to 250 VDC The operation time of the high speed outputs is less than 1 ms For further information please refer to the chapter titled Arc protection module in the Technical data section of this manual The rated voltage of the binary input is 24 VDC The threshold picks up a...

Page 412: ... four channels each The supported sensor types are as follows Supported RTD sensors Pt100 Pt1000 Supported thermocouple sensors type K NiCh NiAl type J Fe constantan type T Cu constantan and type S Cu CuNi compensating Figure 8 8 252 Different sensor types and their connections 8 9 Serial RS 232 communication module optional Figure 8 9 253 Serial RS 232 module connectors A AQ Q G215 G215 Instructi...

Page 413: ...erial fiber COM F Pin 3 COM F Pin 4 COM F Pin 5 RS 232 RTS Serial based communications COM F Pin 6 RS 232 GND Serial based communications COM F Pin 7 RS 232 TX Serial based communications COM F Pin 8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin 9 COM F Pin 10 3 3 V output spare Spare power source for external equipment 45 mA COM F Pin 11 COM F Pin 12 The option card includes two serial communic...

Page 414: ...er connector 62 5 125 μm or 50 125 μm multimode glass Wavelength 1300 nm COM D Communication port D LC fiber connector 62 5 125 μm or 50 125 μm multimode glass Wavelength 1300 nm The optional LC 100 Mbps Ethernet card supports both HSR and PRP protocols The card has two PRP HSR ports which are 100 Mbps fiber ports A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 413 ...

Page 415: ...tion and multidrop configurations Redundant communication can be implemented by Ethernet switches that support Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP Please note that each ring can only contain AQ 200 series devices and any third party devices must be connected to a separate ring For other redundancy options please refer to the option card LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module The images below pres...

Page 416: ...Figure 8 11 256 Example of a ring configuration Figure 8 11 257 Example of a multidrop configuration A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 415 ...

Page 417: ...ors 10BASE T and 100BASE TX This option card supports multidrop configurations For other redundancy options please refer to the option card LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module The images below present two example configurations the first displays a ring configuration note how the third party devices are connected in a separate ring while the second displays a multidrop configuration A AQ Q G...

Page 418: ...Figure 8 12 259 Example of a ring configuration Figure 8 12 260 Example of a multidrop configuration A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 417 ...

Page 419: ...ps with one pin for the positive connector and one pin for the negative connector This module can be ordered directly to be installed into the device in the factory or it can be upgraded in the field after the device s original installation when required The user sets the mA I O with the mA outputs control function This can be done at Control Device I O mA outputs in the relay configuration settin...

Page 420: ...ce dimensions first figure the device installation second and the panel cutout dimensions and device spacing third Figure 8 14 262 Device dimensions Figure 8 14 263 Device installation A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 419 ...

Page 421: ...Figure 8 14 264 Panel cutout dimensions and device spacing A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 420 ...

Page 422: ...for 0 01 s Frequency measurement range From 6 75Hz fundamental up to the 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 25 mA 250 A RMS Current measurement inaccuracy 0 005 4 000 IN 0 5 or 15 mA 4 20 IN 0 5 20 50 IN 1 0 Angle measurement inaccuracy 0 2 I 0 1 A 1 0 I 0 1 A Burden 50 60 Hz 0 1 VA Transient overreach 8 Coarse residual current input I01 Rated current IN 1 A configurable 0 1 10 A Ther...

Page 423: ...ransient overreach 5 Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact FRONT 4 H 6 35 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 4 mm2 NO NOTE TE Current measurement accuracy has been verified with 50 60 Hz The amplitude difference is 0 2 and the angle difference is 0 5 degrees higher at 16 67 Hz and other frequencies 9 1 1 2 Voltage measurement Table 9 1 1 2 288 Technical data for the vo...

Page 424: ... 9 1 1 3 289 Power and energy measurement accuracy Power measurement P Q S Frequency range 6 75 Hz Inaccuracy 0 3 1 2 IN or 3 VA secondary 1 0 1 2 IN or 3 VA secondary Energy measurement Frequency range 6 75 Hz Energy and power metering inaccuracy 0 5 down to 1A RMS 50 60Hz as standard 0 2 down to 1A RMS 50 60Hz option available see the order code for details 9 1 1 4 Frequency measurement Table 9 ...

Page 425: ...connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports Table 9 1 2 2 293 Front panel local communication port Port Port media Copper Ethernet RJ 45 Number of ports 1 Port protocols PC protocols FTP Telnet Features Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Cannot be used for system protocols only for local...

Page 426: ...igital inputs Table 9 1 2 3 296 CPU model isolated digital inputs with thresholds defined by order code Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V AC DC Nominal voltage Order code defined 24 110 220 V AC DC Pick up threshold Release threshold Order code defined 19 90 170 V Order code defined 14 65 132 V Scanning rate 5 ms Settings Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800 s Polarity Software settable...

Page 427: ...Table 9 1 2 4 298 Digital outputs Change Over Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V AC DC Continuous carry 5 A Make and carry 0 5 s Make and carry 3 s 30 A 15 A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48 VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 ...

Page 428: ...d carry 3 s 30 A 15 A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48 VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 9 1 3 3 Arc protection module Table 9 1 3 3 301 Technical data for the arc protection modul...

Page 429: ...Rated values Voltage withstand 265 VDC Rated auxiliary voltage Pick up threshold Release threshold 24 VDC 16 VDC 15 VDC Scanning rate 5 ms Polarity Normally Off Current drain 3 mA Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 NO NOTE TE Polarity has to be correct 9 1 3 4 Milliampere module mA out mA in Table 9 1 3 4...

Page 430: ...nels 1 8 2 3 4 wire RTD and thermocouple sensors Pt100 or Pt1000 Type K Type J Type T and Type S Channels 7 8 support mA measurement 9 1 3 6 RS 232 serial fiber communication module Table 9 1 3 6 306 Technical data for the RS 232 serial fiber communication module Ports RS 232 Serial fiber GG PP GP PG Serial port wavelength 660 nm Cable type 1 mm plastic fiber 9 1 3 7 Double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet co...

Page 431: ...ting step 0 01 Ifund Inaccuracy Current 2nd harmonic blocking 0 5 Iset or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 Iset 1 0 unit of the 2nd harmonic setting Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 30 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B...

Page 432: ...racy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Starting I0Calc 5 A 0 5 I0set or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 Iset 1 5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 Iset 1 0 I0set or 15 mA 0 005 4 0 Iset Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 30 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial ...

Page 433: ...g Pick up current setting 0 10 40 00 In setting step 0 01 In Inaccuracy Current U1 I1 angle U 15 V U1 I1 angle U 1 15 V 0 5 Iset or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 Iset 0 20 1 5 Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial sett...

Page 434: ...ipping area size 0 00 360 00 deg setting step 0 10 deg 45 00 135 00 deg setting step 0 10 deg Pick up current setting Pick up voltage setting 0 005 40 00 In setting step 0 001 In 1 00 75 00 U0n setting step 0 01 U0n Inaccuracy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Starting I0Calc 5 A Voltage U0 and U0Calc U0 I0 angle U 15 V U0 I0 angle U 1 15 V 0 5 I0set or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 Iset 1 5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0...

Page 435: ...r 100 mA 0 10 4 0 In 1 0 unit or 100 mA 0 10 4 0 In Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 1 5 or 60 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT Constant B IDMT Constant C IDMT Constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inacc...

Page 436: ... operation time trip IM ISET ratio 1 05 50 ms Reset Reset ratio 95 of the pick up setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 35 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 50 ms No Not te e Harmonics generally The amplitude of the harmonic content has to be least 0 02 IN when the relative mode Ih IL is used Blocking To achieve fast activation for blocking purp...

Page 437: ...iteria IM ISET ratio 1 05 DO or DI only 1 0 or 55 ms 15 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of the pick up current setting Reset time 50 ms 9 2 1 8 Overvoltage protection U 59 Table 9 2 1 8 316 Technical data for the overvoltage function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 UL31 U0 Voltage input magnitudes RMS line to line or line to neutral voltages Pick up Pick up terms 1 voltage 2 voltag...

Page 438: ...0 mV Low voltage block Pick up setting 0 00 80 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time UM USET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B IDMT constant C IDMT constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 st...

Page 439: ... Voltage U0 Voltage U0Calc 1 5 U0SET or 30 mV 150 mV Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time U0M U0SET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 45 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B IDMT constant C IDMT constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 In...

Page 440: ... max step size 100 mHz 3 cycles or 70 ms max step size 100 mHz No Not te e The secondary voltage must exceed 2 volts or the current must exceed 0 25 amperes peak to peak in order for the function to measure frequency The frequency is measured two seconds after a signal is received The fixed frequency mode When the fixed mode is used the system s nominal frequency should be set to 50 or 60 Hz The t...

Page 441: ...factor unbalance effect Pick up current setting Thermal alarm and trip level setting range Motor service factor 0 1 10 0 setting step 0 1 0 10 40 00 IN setting step 0 01 IN 0 0 150 0 setting step 0 1 0 01 5 00 IN setting step 0 01 IN Cold condition Long heat T const cold Short heat T const cold 0 0 500 0 min setting step 0 1 min 0 0 500 0 min setting step 0 1 min Hot condition Long heat T const ho...

Page 442: ... setting step 0 005 MVAN Inaccuracy Active reactive or apparent power Typically 1 0 PSET Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time PM PSET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip PQSM PQSSET ratio 1 05 40 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 or 103 PSET Instant reset time and start ...

Page 443: ...t from 50 mA In case either or both are missing the impedance measurement is forced to infinite Ang Angle memory le memory During three phase short circuits the angle memory is active for 0 5 seconds in case the voltage drops below the squelch limit 0 5 V During this 0 5 s time the impedance is calculated based on the 1 0 V secondary voltage value and voltage angles before the fault 9 2 1 16 Volta...

Page 444: ...arth fault protection U03rd 64S Table 9 2 1 17 325 Technical data for the 100 stator earth fault protection function Measurement updates Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Current input calculation Positive sequence current I1 Voltage inputs Residual voltage from U3 or U4 voltage channel Voltage input magnitude Zero sequence voltage third harmonic Pick up Pick up voltage setting...

Page 445: ...naccuracy Reset ratio 101 00 2000 00 deg setting step 0 1 deg either or setting 3 of the set pick up value 97 of the pick up setting Operation Operating time Typically 500 ms 9 2 1 19 Power factor protection PF 55 Table 9 2 1 19 327 Technical data for the power factor protection function Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 U...

Page 446: ... setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time VHZM VHZSET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 25 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip VHZM VHZSET ratio 1 05 40 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 of the pick up setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 000 150 000 s step 0 005 s 1 0 or 25 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 40 ms No Not te e Mea Measur surem...

Page 447: ...idual current channel I02 Fine Current input magnitudes Sample based phase current measurement Sample based residual current measurement Arc point sensor inputs Channels S1 S2 S3 S4 pressure and light sensor or light only sensor Up to four 4 sensors per channel System frequency operating range 6 00 75 00 Hz Pick up Pick up current setting phase current Pick up current setting residual current Pick...

Page 448: ...0 000 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time UM USET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms Angle memory Angle drift while voltage is absent 1 0 per 1 second Reset Reset ratio Voltage memory voltage Voltage memory current 103 of the pick up voltage setting 97 of the pick up current setting Reset time 50 ms Note Voltage memory is activated only when all line voltages fall below set pick up value Voltage ...

Page 449: ...ms Breaker control operation time External object control time 75 ms Object control during auto reclosing See the technical sheet for the auto reclosing function 9 2 2 3 Vector jump Δφ 78 Table 9 2 2 3 334 Technical data for the vector jump protection function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 UL31 U0 Monitored voltages Any or all system line to line voltage s Any or all syst...

Page 450: ...ve Live 35 ms 60 ms Reset 40 ms Bypass modes Voltage check mode excluding LL LL LD LL DL LL DD LL LD DL LL LD DD LL DL DD bypass U live limit U dead limit 0 10 100 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN 0 00 100 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN No Not te e Voltage is scaled to the primary amplitude therefore the different sized PT secondaries are possible The minimum voltage for direction and frequency solving is 2...

Page 451: ...nt operation time alarm IM ISET ratio 1 05 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays Reset Reset ratio 97 103 of the pick up current setting Instant reset time and start up reset 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays 9 2 3 2 Voltage transformer supervision 60 Table 9 2 3 2 337 Technical data for the voltage transformer supervision function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 ...

Page 452: ...step 1 operation Inaccuracy Inaccuracy for current operations counter Current measurement element Operation counter 0 1 IN I 2 IN 0 2 of the measured current rest 0 5 0 5 of operations deducted 9 2 3 4 Total harmonic distortion Table 9 2 3 4 339 Technical data for the total harmonic distortion function Input signals Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Residual current channel I01...

Page 453: ...combined 9 3 Tests and environmental Electrical environment compatibility Table 9 3 341 Disturbance tests All tests CE approved and tested according to EN 60255 26 Emissions Conducted emissions EN 60255 26 Ch 5 2 CISPR 22 150 kHz 30 MHz Radiated emissions EN 60255 26 Ch 5 1 CISPR 11 30 1 000 MHz Immunity Electrostatic discharge ESD EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 2 Air discharge 15 kV Contact discharge 8 ...

Page 454: ...vironmental tests Damp heat cyclic EN 60255 1 IEC 60068 2 30 Operational 25 55 C 93 97 RH 12 12h Dry heat EN 60255 1 IEC 60068 2 2 Storage 70 C 16 h Operational 55 C 16 h Cold test EN 60255 1 IEC 60068 2 1 Storage 40 C 16 h Operational 20 C 16 h Table 9 3 345 Environmental conditions IP classes Casing protection class IP54 front IP21 rear Temperature ranges Ambient service temperature range 35 70 ...

Page 455: ...ght 117 mm 4U Width 127 mm rack Depth 174 mm no cards connectors Weight 1 5 kg With packaging gross Dimensions Height 170 mm Width 242 mm Depth 219 mm Weight 2 kg A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 454 ...

Page 456: ...10 Ordering information A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 455 ...

Page 457: ...eq Ltd AQX097 Wall mounting bracket Arcteq Ltd AQ 01A Light point sensor unit 8 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01B Light point sensor unit 25 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01C Light point sensor unit 50 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit 8 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Lt...

Page 458: ... Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 Website general arcteq fi Website technical support support arcteq fi E mail sales sales arcteq fi A AQ Q G215 G215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 457 ...

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