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User Manual LW120

Modulating the
Output

Utilizing DDS (direct digital synthesis) technology, the Model
LW120 is extremely frequency-agile. Changing the sample clock
frequency is as easy as changing bits at the DDS control. The DDS
has an extremely wide dynamic range with excellent linearity
throughout the complete range. The properties of the DDS are
passed on directly to the output, therefore, the frequency is
modulated within an extremely wide band, without loosing linearity.
For example, the LW120 can sweep, using linear steps, from
minimum to its maximum frequency whereas similar instruments
with VCO design can sweep through 3 decades only.

The LW120 has the following modulation options: FM, FSK,
Ramped FSK, Sweep and AM. These functions are described
below.

FM

Frequency modulation is the most common modulation scheme
used in telecommunications. In this mode, the sample clock
frequency is modulated and placed at the rear-panel sine output.
FM modulation is also available from the front panel outputs, except
the frequency must be computed from the sample clock and the
number of points that generate the output waveform. Confusing?
Yes, a bit, but some examples below will remove your confusion.

The LW120 can be modulated using two different waveform types:

1. Modulation with built-in waveforms. Using this FM mode, you

may select your modulating waveform from a library that has
four pre-defined waveforms: Sine, Triangle, Square and
Ramp. The manual refers to this mode as “Standard FM
Mode”

2. Modulation with downloaded waveforms. To use this FM

mode, you must generate coordinates for the modulating
waveform with an external application, such as ArbExplorer



,

then download this waveform to the modulating waveform
memory. This mode is referred to as “Arbitrary FM Mode” in
this manual. The arbitrary waveform for this mode is separated
from the main arbitrary memory of the LW120, is variable in
length from 10 to 20000 points and has separate sample clock
control. The sample clock for the arbitrary FM memory is
controlled with 7 digits, from 1mS/s to 2 MS/s. The equivalent
minimum and maximum frequencies are 50 nHz to 200 KHz.
While the low frequency is very useful in applications like
wander and slow drifting oscillators, the higher frequencies are
as much needed for testing fast modems, PLL circuits and for
wide-band digital modulation technology.

To generate FM you must specify four parameters:

Using The Instrument 3-21

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Содержание LW110

Страница 1: ...000904 700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge NY 10977 TEL 1 914 578 6020 FAX 1 914 578 5985 PUBLICATION DATE September 4 2000 REVISION 1 0 Copyright 2000 by LeCroy All rights reserved This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher ...

Страница 2: ...s dealers and representatives and to users of its product and to any other person or persons for special or consequential damages of any kind and from any cause whatsoever arising out of or in any way connected with the manufacture sale handling repair maintenance replacement or use of said products Representations and warranties made by any person including dealers and representatives of LeCroy w...

Страница 3: ...defeat the protective feature of the third conductor in the power cord Maintenance and calibration procedures sometimes call for operation of the unit with power applied and protective covers removed Read the procedures and heed warnings to avoid live circuits points Before operation this instrument 1 Ensure the instrument is configured to operate on the voltage at the power source See Installatio...

Страница 4: ...This Page Intentionally Left Blank ...

Страница 5: ... 5 Frequency Agility 1 6 Options 1 6 Safety Considerations 1 6 Supplied Accessories 1 6 Specifications 1 7 Functional Description 1 7 Front Panel Connectors 1 7 Channel 1 output 1 7 Channel 2 Output 1 7 SYNC Output 1 7 Front Panel Indicators 1 7 Rear Panel Connectors 1 8 AM IN 1 8 TRIG FSK IN 1 8 SCLK OUT 1 9 SCLK IN 1 9 SINE OUT 1 9 REF IN 1 9 MASTER SLAVE 1 10 RS232 1 10 AC LINE 1 10 AC FUSE 1 1...

Страница 6: ...age or Repackaging For Shipment 2 3 Preparation For Use 2 4 Logical Address Selection 2 4 Installation 2 4 Bench Operation 2 4 Rack Mounting 2 4 Chapter 3 USING The INSTRUMENT Overview 3 1 Inter Channel Dependency 3 1 Output Termination 3 1 Input Output Protection 3 1 Power On Reset Defaults 3 2 Controlling the LW120 3 4 Enabling the Outputs 3 6 Selecting an Output Type 3 6 Changing the Frequency ...

Страница 7: ...s 3 37 AM 3 38 Adjusting Phase Offset Between Channels 3 39 Synchronizing Multiple Instruments 3 41 Saving and Recalling Setups 3 44 Generating Arbitrary Waveforms 3 45 What Are Arbitrary Waveforms 3 46 Using the Arbitrary Waveforms 3 47 Generating Sequenced Waveforms 3 48 What Are Sequenced Waveforms 3 49 Changing Sequence Advance Modes 3 51 Chapter 4 REMOTE PROGRAMMING REFERENCE What s in This C...

Страница 8: ...s 4 59 The SCPI Status Registers 4 60 The Status Byte Register STB 4 61 Reading the Status Byte Register 4 63 Clearing the Status Byte Register 4 63 Service Request Enable Register SRE 4 63 Standard Event Status Register ESR 4 64 Standard Event Status Enable Register ESE 4 65 Error Messages 4 66 Chapter 5 ArbExplorer What s In This Chapter 5 1 Introduction to ArbExplorer 5 1 Installing ArbExplorer...

Страница 9: ...arameters 5 17 Slope 5 18 Source 5 18 Arm 5 18 The Modulation Panel 5 19 Frequency Modulation 5 19 FSK 5 20 Sweep 5 21 The Utility Panel 5 22 System Commands 5 22 Filter 5 22 Inter Channel Control 5 23 Multi Instruments Sync Control 5 24 The System and Command Editor 5 24 Communication 5 25 System Commands 5 26 Command Editor 5 26 The Waveform Composer 5 27 The Commands Bar 5 28 File Commands 5 28...

Страница 10: ...Bar 5 38 File Commands 5 39 Wave Commands 5 40 Generating Waveforms Using the Equation Editor 5 42 Parameters 5 43 Level Adjuster 5 43 Equation 5 43 Control Buttons 5 44 Writing Equations 5 44 Equation Conventions 5 44 Typing Equations 5 45 Equation Samples 5 46 Combining Waveforms 5 50 Appendix A SPECIFICATIONS A 1 vi ...

Страница 11: ...Arbitrary Waveform Generator Model LW120 is a dual channel Arbitrary Waveform Generator It is a high performance waveform generator that combines two separate and powerful channels in one small package Supplied free with the instrument is ArbExplorer software which is used for controlling the LW120 generating editing and downloading waveforms from a remote computer The following highlights the LW1...

Страница 12: ...ITY WAVEFORM Figure 1 1 Model LW120 ArbExplorer Feature Highlights Three powerful tools in one software package Instrument control panel Waveform composer and FM signal composer Detailed virtual front panels control all LW120 functions and modes Wave composer generates edits and downloads complex waveforms FM wave composer generates and downloads complex modulating signals Automatic detection of a...

Страница 13: ...LW120 User Manual Figure 1 2 ArbExplorer Control Panels Figure 1 3 ArbExplorer Wave Composer Getting Started 1 3 ...

Страница 14: ...the initial skew between the two channels is just a few nanoseconds Model LW120 is completely digital There are no analog functions resident in its hardware circuits Data has to be downloaded to the instrument for it to start generating waveforms The instrument can generate a few standard functions such as sine wave triangular wave and square wave Each time that a standard function is required the...

Страница 15: ... with 14 bits of vertical resolution Any waveform it generates must first be downloaded to waveform memory The arbitrary waveform memory is a bank of 14 bit words Each word represents a point on the horizontal waveform scale Each word has a horizontal address that can range from 0 to 1 048 576 4 191 280 with the 4 Meg option installed and a vertical address that can range from 8192 to 8191 14 bits...

Страница 16: ...endent free running instruments is not an easy task Besides distribution of the sample clock to all instruments each instrument has to be told when to start generating waveforms so that all start at the same point and with the same phase Triggering multiple instruments to achieve synchronization is not enough because it will generate a jitter of 1 count Multi instrument synchronization is built in...

Страница 17: ...ded by 0 1 per o C Functional Description A detailed functional description is given in the following paragraphs The description is divided into logical groups front and rear panel connectors operating modes output type output state filters synchronization and front panel indicators Front Panel Connectors The LW120 has 3 BNC connectors on its front panel one main output for each channel and one SY...

Страница 18: ...he light illuminates There are two LEDs one for each channel and one LED for the SYNC output Rear Panel Connectors The LW120 has a number of connectors on its rear panel These connectors are described below Figure 1 5 shows rear panel plugs connectors and other parts SCLK IN SCLK OUT REF IN RS232 MASTER SLAVE FUSE LINE FRONT PANEL UTILITY MENU CONFIGURE GPIB ADDRESS WITH AM IN TRIG FSK IN SINE OUT...

Страница 19: ...lationship between channels is tightly controlled in trigger mode You should expect both channels to start generating waves with exactly the same start phase Further control of leading edge offset between channels is also provided The same input is used in FSK mode where the output hops between two frequencies carrier and shifted frequencies The output generates carrier frequency when the FSK inpu...

Страница 20: ... stability reference than the one provided inside the LW120 The reference input is active only after selecting the external reference source mode MASTER SLAVE This 9 pin D connector is used when connecting master to slave units The master slave cable may be ordered separately from your nearest LeCroy dealer The master slave mode must be activated from the front panel otherwise this connector and t...

Страница 21: ...at the selected frequency amplitude and offset Triggered Mode In triggered mode the LW120 circuits are armed to generate one output waveform The trigger circuit is sensitive to transitions at the trigger input Select between positive or negative transitions to trigger the instrument When triggered the generator outputs one waveform cycle and remains idle at the last point of the waveform The instr...

Страница 22: ... down using linear or logarithmic increments FSK FSK frequency shift keying function controls the sine output connector The trigger input is used to flag the LW120 when to output carrier frequency trigger false or when it should switch to the shift frequency trigger true You may also use the FSK function from the front panel as long as you do your own calculation of carrier and shifted frequencies...

Страница 23: ...veform which modify the shape of the waveform to better suit your needs For example different start phase for the sine waveform can be programmed for each channel to create phase offsets between the two output channels Arbitrary User Waveforms The arbitrary waveform memory is capable of storing one or more user defined waveforms As was discussed before and unless ordered differently the LW120 is s...

Страница 24: ... 1 2 and 3 respectively The sequence generator takes these three waveforms links and loops them in a predefined order to generate the waveform shown in Figure 1 6d The sequence circuit is useful for generating long waveforms with repeated sections The repeated waveform has to be programmed once and the repeater loops on this segment as many times as selected When in sequenced mode there is no loss...

Страница 25: ...l switch relay This feature is useful for connecting the main outputs to an analog bus For safety reasons when power is first applied to the chassis the main output is always off Filters Two filters for each channel are built into the LW120 These filters are available for use in various applications such as the creation of high frequency sine waves and removing the staircase effect from waveforms ...

Страница 26: ...nowledge of the language in use There are other system considerations like address selection that have to be settled before programming the instrument These topics are discussed in later chapters Low level programming of the LW120 is accomplished using SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments language Programming aspects are covered in Chapters 3 and 4 Supplied with the LW120 is a PC so...

Страница 27: ...roduct and associated computer Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non hazardous voltages there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present This product is intended for use by qualified persons who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury Read the operating information carefully before usin...

Страница 28: ...ions instructions that are supplied with your test fixtures Before performing any maintenance disconnect the line cord and all test cables Only qualified service personnel should perform maintenance If you have no past experience in computer servicing we strongly recommend that installation and initial tests on the instrument be done by your computer dealer or by the factory itself Performance Che...

Страница 29: ...nt to rain excessive moisture or condensation Long Term Storage or Repackaging For Shipment If the instrument is to be stored for a long period of time or shipped immediately proceed as directed below If you have any questions contact your local LeCroy representative or the LeCroy Customer Service Department 1 Repack the instrument using the wrappings packing material and accessories originally sh...

Страница 30: ...Model LW120 with GPIB address set to 4 Installation The instrument is fully solid state and dissipates only a small amount of power No special cooling is required However the instrument should not be operated where the ambient temperature exceeds 40 C when the relative humidity exceeds 80 or condensation appears anywhere on the instrument Avoid operating the instrument close to strong magnetic fie...

Страница 31: ...function and instructions are given in each paragraph on how to use the function from both the front panel and ArbExplorer Inter Channel Dependency The LW120 has two output channels Although this is a two channel instrument many of the commands that set parameters and functions are common for both channels For example sample clock and trigger modes can not be set separately for each channel On the...

Страница 32: ...n the instrument displays information messages as shown below in Figure 3 1 Press any button on the front panel to access modes or change parameters 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM Figure 3 1 Power on Display LW120 Arbitrary Waveform Generator Revision 1 0 If you are not yet fu...

Страница 33: ...arameter Default Inter Channel Dependency Output State Off Separate Operating Mode Continuous Common SYNC State Off Common Output Function Standard Separate Output Function Shape Sine Separate Standard Wave Frequency 1 MHz Common User Wave Sample Clock 10 MS s Common Sample Clock Source Reference Internal Common Channel 2 Clock Divider 1 Separate Amplitude 5 V Separate Offset 0 V Separate Filter S...

Страница 34: ... similar functions Group 1 is used to access main menus group 2 selects parameters or sub menus and group 3 controls cursor position and parameter values Use the same sequence of operation any time you want to select functions change modes or change parameters A list of menus sub menus and parameters is summarized in Table 3 2 NOTE Notice the right hand arrows next to an option The arrow is there ...

Страница 35: ...l 1 on off Output CH2 Channel 2 on off CH2 CH1 Offset Inter channel phase offset SYNC Out Output SYNC output on off Type Select bit or lcom Position SYNC position Width SYNC pulse width Filters Filter CH1 Select channel 1 filter Filter CH2 Select channel 2 filter UTILITY System GPIB Address Select GPIB address Selftest Perform selftest Setups Save Recall front panel setups SCLK Control Sclk Source...

Страница 36: ...FF Observe Figure 3 4 and disable or enable the main output using the following procedure 1 Press the OUTPUT button 2 Select the Outputs menu 3 Select the channel you want to control 4 Toggle channel 1 or channel 2 outputs on and off using the dial 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFO...

Страница 37: ...y at the output connector On the other hand the sample clock frequency parameter is valid for arbitrary waveforms only and defines the frequency of which the generator clocks data points Standard waveform frequency is measured in units of Hz Arbitrary waveform sample clock frequency is measured in units of S s samples per second The frequency of a given arbitrary waveform at the output connector i...

Страница 38: ...set are set within windows so before you select values for these parameters make sure that you do not exceed amplitude and offset limits The LW120 has fine offset adjustment which expands the offset resolution to nearly 19 bits The fine offset does not depend on amplitude offset ranges so it could be applied at any value For example you have 4V amplitude and 1 100V offset Fine offset setting of 50...

Страница 39: ...set values may be set using the appropriate Range Index Front panel setting will automatically detect the appropriate range and will not allow error conditions If you program amplitude and offset from remote and use two different Range Indexes an error will occur 2 Offset fine is an exception You may exceed the window range with the offset fine and no error will result Observe Figure 3 7 and modif...

Страница 40: ...e function until the output starts generating the waveform The number of points used to define each Standard Waveform is the same Thus some parameters may not have any effect on the waveform because too few points are available to generate the waveform The number of points for each standard waveform at various frequencies is given below The number of points used for generating standard waveforms a...

Страница 41: ...Constant Integer Exponential Time Constant Integer Noise None DC Amplitude of Amplitude Table 3 5 Standard Waveform Adjustable Parameters SINC Exponential Rise Exponential Decay Gaussian Mathematical Expressions R N cyc number of points per cycle cyc Number of SINC zero crossings A Amplitude m Current point 1 N N Total number of points t Time constant set by user Refer to Figures 3 8 and 3 9 Selec...

Страница 42: ...sor from left to right until it appears under the digit you want to change 7 Use the dial to modify the parameter The output waveform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 3 1 2 4 Figure 3 8 Selecting Standard Waveform Shape Waveform Shap...

Страница 43: ...an adjust for this mode 1 Slope Defines edge sensitivity for the trigger input 2 Source Defines the trigger source External enables the trigger input Internal disables the trigger input and enables an internal free running trigger generator that automatically triggers the output at programmable intervals 3 Timer Set the intervals for the internal trigger generator and 4 Start Phase Defines the sta...

Страница 44: ...an internal free running trigger generator that automatically triggers the output at programmable intervals 3 Timer Set the intervals for the internal trigger generator and 4 Start Phase Defines the start phase for the trigger signal The start phase parameter may serve as a trigger delay generator where the delay is set in number of waveform points You may use the counted burst mode in conjunction...

Страница 45: ...l to modify the parameter The output waveform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial 8 You may press More if you want to access the trigger start phase parameter 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 2 1 Figure 3 10 Selecting a Trigger Mode CONT Æ TRIG Æ GATEDÆ BURSTÆ 50 TTL P...

Страница 46: ... also have the flexibility to control sync output parameters 1 Position Lets you place the sync bit at any point along the waveform Placement resolution is 4 points 2 Width Programs the width of the sync signal as percent of the output period Width resolution is 4 points LCOM The LCOM loop complete option generates a sync signal in sequenced mode only The signal starts with the selected segment an...

Страница 47: ...eform is updated immediately as you rotate the dial 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 2 1 Figure 3 12 Selecting the SYNC Output Menu Outputs Æ SYNC OutÆ Filters Æ 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER ...

Страница 48: ...for the user in standard arbitrary and sequenced modes The only function where the Model LW120 does not allow external control is when standard sinusoidal waveform is selected Note The default output function of the generator is the sine waveform The instrument is using filters to generate this waveform therefore the state of the filters can not be changed until another output function is selected...

Страница 49: ... POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 3 3 4 Figure 3 16 Selecting Filters Filter CH1 ALL Filter CH2 25M Back Selecting the SCLK Source and Reference In cases where synchronization to other instrument in the system is needed you may use the rear panel SCLK input for replacing the internal s...

Страница 50: ...t one of the source options INT Selects internal control EXT Selects external control 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 2 1 Figure 3 17 Selecting the SCLK Control Menu System Æ SCLK ControlÆ Modulations Æ Couple Æ 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 5...

Страница 51: ...tput waveform Confusing Yes a bit but some examples below will remove your confusion The LW120 can be modulated using two different waveform types 1 Modulation with built in waveforms Using this FM mode you may select your modulating waveform from a library that has four pre defined waveforms Sine Triangle Square and Ramp The manual refers to this mode as Standard FM Mode 2 Modulation with downloa...

Страница 52: ...yourself from the sclk frequency divided by the number of points in your active segment For example if your sclk is 100 MS s and you have a 1000 points waveform then your output frequency is 100 KHz 2 Deviation Range This parameter specifies the range of which the sample clock frequency will deviate from the carrier frequency setting The deviation range is symmetrical about the carrier frequency A...

Страница 53: ...tion that we need from this display is the number of points that the LW120 needs to generate 1 MHz We can find this out from sclk freq 64 1 64 points The number 64 will be needed later to compute the deviation range parameter 2 Press the UTILITY button 3 Select and press the Modulations option 4 Select and press the FM option 5 Select the FM State option 6 Rotate the dial clockwise to turn the FM ...

Страница 54: ...roy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 8 10 9 11 Figure 3 20 Programming Standard FM Mode Parameters Wave SIN Dev 6 400000MS s Freq 100 0000Hz Back If you did not make any programming errors the front panel outputs will generate frequency modulated waveforms having carrier frequency of 1 MHz deviation frequency...

Страница 55: ...ss the FREQUENCY button Modify Freq to display 2 000000MHz Observe and note that the Sclk parameter is showing 64 00000MS s In standard waveform mode the Sclk parameter is set automatically by the instrument and can not be modified directly The information that we need from this display is the number of points that the LW120 needs to generate 2 MHz We can find this out from sclk freq 64 2 32 point...

Страница 56: ...e we computed and showed that the LW120 is using 32 points to generate this waveform Note that the deviation range is given on sample per second and use the following relationship to compute the number for the deviation range Deviation Range 100 KHz x 32 3 2 MS After you complete updating the above field the FM Composer will have the following coordinates The Y axis shows the frequency deviation r...

Страница 57: ...rogramming errors the front panel outputs will generate frequency modulated waveforms having carrier frequency of 2 MHz deviation frequency of 100 KHz and modulating frequency of 100 Hz We ll now check the results at the rear panel sine output connector and compare what we get there to what we see on the front panel Remove the cable from the main output connector and connect to the rear panel SINE...

Страница 58: ...ple clock is 1MS s and your waveform segment is 1000 points long the frequency of the waveform is 1M 1000 1 KHz The above example is somewhat oversimplified What is important to remember is that regardless if you are generating standard or arbitrary waveforms the FM function modulates the sample clock and the parameters that you program for FM affects the SINE OUT signal directly while the frequen...

Страница 59: ...frequency It is also the frequency of the sine waveform at the rear panel sine output connector However if you want to know the frequency of your signal at the front panel outputs then you must computed it yourself from the sclk frequency divided by the number of points in your active segment For example if your sclk is 100MS s and you have a 1000 points waveform then your output frequency is 100 ...

Страница 60: ...the relationship N Sclk Freq 64MS 1MHz 64 points 2 Now it becomes a bit tricky When generating standard waveforms the Model LW120 depending on the output frequency automatically sets the number of points and their associated sample clock In FSK mode only the sample clock hops between frequencies but the number of points remain constant This means that 64 waveform points will remain for the carrier...

Страница 61: ...Shifted frequency is 96 MHz Example 2 FSK Using Arbitrary Waveforms This example will show how to generate FSK modulation using the arbitrary waveforms The carrier frequency will be set to 10 KHz and the shifted frequency to 25 KHz We ll monitor the FSK modulation from the front panel outputs then compare the results to the rear panel sine output connector Before we start with our LW120 setting we...

Страница 62: ... the front panel Remove the cable from the main output connector and connect to the rear panel SINE OUT connector Here is what you should expect to see when you check this output 1 Carrier is sine waveform with fixed amplitude level of 1V into 50Ω 2 Carrier frequency is 10 MHz 3 Shifted frequency is 25 MHz Ramped FSK Ramped FSK is very similar to the FSK function except when the hop command is rec...

Страница 63: ...at you need to interpret your sweep start frequency This is also the frequency that is available as sine waveform at the rear panel sine output If you do not care to work with your sine output but want to generate sweep from the front panel then you must define your sweep start frequency first Here is what you do When generating standard waveforms your sample clock frequency is computed automatica...

Страница 64: ...ng just two points and special filters the same two points will definitely look like square waveforms if the sample clock is reduced below 10 MS s As a reverse example if you sweep modulate the output from a start frequency of 150 KHz the generator automatically sets the Sclk to 76 8 MS s and the number of waveform points to 512 If you try to sweep up from this point then your maximum frequency wi...

Страница 65: ...0 ms We ll monitor the sweep modulation from the front panel outputs then compare the results to the rear panel sine output connector 1 Press the FREQUENCY button Modify Freq to display 100 0000Hz Observe and note that the Sclk parameter is showing 102 4000KS s In standard waveform mode the Sclk parameter is set automatically by the instrument and can not be modified directly The information that ...

Страница 66: ...rection parameter 15 Rotate the dial clockwise to modify the direction to DOWN 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM 50 CHAN 1 SYNC CHAN 2 RESET CURSOR MAN TRIG TRIGGER AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 7 8 10 13 9 11 13 10 12 Figure 3 24 Adjusting Sweep Parameters Sweep State ON Time 10 0ms Stop 25 600000MS More 50 TTL POWER I 0 OUTPUT LeCroy MODEL 100 MS s ARBITRARY...

Страница 67: ...let us download a triangular waveform to the segment that was constructed using 100 waveform points From this point it is easy to compute the frequency and the sample clocks that we need for the above example We want the start frequency to be 100 Hz Bearing in mind that the output frequency is equal to the sample clock frequency divided by the number of points the start sample clock must be progra...

Страница 68: ...ke frequency modulation is not digital Modulating waveform must be applied to a rear panel connector to modulate the LW120 outputs Amplitude modulation control is separate for each channel so you can amplitude modulate one channel without affecting the other Before using the AM function you should get yourself familiar with some of the terms Carrier This term define the signal and its properties a...

Страница 69: ...s are supplied externally by the user Therefore make sure that the signal that you apply to the AM input complies with the specification requirements set forth in Appendix A Use the following procedure to turn on the AM function 1 Press the UTILITY button 2 Select and press the Modulations option 3 Select and press the AM option 4 Select the press AM State CH1 or AM State CH2 5 Rotate the dial clo...

Страница 70: ...or these factors are variation in cable length and quality as well as non symmetrical end termination Therefore if you want to eliminate skew between channels you have to use exactly the same cable type the same cable length and the same termination for the two channels There are times however that you do need to offset phase between channels In that case the LW120 lets you adjust phase offset var...

Страница 71: ...tween Channels Output CH1 ON Output CH2 ON CH1 CH2 Offs 0 Back 1 Press the OUTPUT button 2 Select and press the Outputs option 3 Select and press CH1 CH2 Offs parameter 4 Rotate the dial adjust the phase offset parameter 5 You may also use the cursor buttons to move the pointer under the digit you want to modify Synchronizing Multiple Instruments The LW100 series comes in two versions LW110 with a...

Страница 72: ... CORD BEFORE REPLACING FUSE IEEE std 488 2 PORT AC VOLTAGE 85 265V 47 440Hz 40VA MAX AUTOMATIC SELECTION T 0 5A 230V SCLK IN SCLK OUT REF IN RS232 MASTER SLAVE FUSE LINE FRONT PANEL UTILITY MENU CONFIGURE GPIB ADDRESS WITH AM IN TRIG FSK IN SINE OUT CAUTION NO OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS INSIDE DO NOT REMOVE COVER REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL WARNING FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE H...

Страница 73: ...ove slave units from couple mode all you have to do is change the Couple State on the master unit to OFF After you have synchronized all of your instruments you can further adjust the phase offset between the instrument Select the Edge Offset parameter and rotate the dial to program the required phase offset While modifying the edge offset bear in mind that both channels are shifted simultaneously...

Страница 74: ... the memory for almost four days NOTE The LW120 is using Ni Cad batteries to backup the memory You must charge the batteries for 16 hours to their full capacity Batteries are charged automatically whenever the instrument is plugged to AC power and the POWER switch is turned on The battery circuit backs up the waveform memory as well However segment tables can not be saved Therefore if you save fro...

Страница 75: ...ITUDE FREQUENCY UTILITY WAVEFORM 7 5 6 4 Figure 3 30 Saving and Recalling Setups Setup Select 1 Save Done Recall EXE Back Generating Arbitrary Waveforms In general the Model LW120 cannot by itself create arbitrary waveforms If you want to use arbitrary waveforms you must first load them into the instrument The LW120 is supplied with waveform creation and editing called ArbExplorer Besides waveform...

Страница 76: ...ut Figure 3 31 The Wave Composer Tool for Generating Arbitrary Waveforms What Are Arbitrary Waveforms Arbitrary waveforms are generated from digital data points which are stored in a working memory The working memory is connected to a digital to analog converter DAC and a sample clock generator is clocking the data points one at a time to the output circuit In slow motion the output generates a wa...

Страница 77: ...e LW120 lets you divide the memory bank to smaller segments and load different waveforms into each segment Using the Arbitrary Waveforms Downloading waveforms to the LW120 and managing arbitrary memory are explained in the programming section of this manual This section assumes that you have already downloaded waveforms and want the instrument to output these waveforms Refer to Figure 3 32 and use...

Страница 78: ...enerator FM composer and many other features that will be described separately To generate a sequence you must first download waveforms to the instrument generate a sequence table and download the sequence table to the instrument Figure 3 33 shows an example of an ArbExplorer panel with an open sequence table generator Note that different sequences can be generated for each channel Detailed inform...

Страница 79: ...r or any other application to create waveform segments Then you can build your sequence table An example of how sequenced waveforms work with three different waveforms is demonstrated in Chapter 1 figures 1 6a through 1 6d The sequence table specifies link Loop s and Segment Description of the various elements within the sequence table is given below Link This parameter defines an index array for ...

Страница 80: ...e LW120 if the selected link is continuous or stepped Information on the Mixed sequence advance mode is given later 0 flags continuous 1 flags stepped Assuming that you already downloaded waveforms created and downloaded sequence table you can proceed now with the following description how to set the LW120 to output sequenced waveforms Refer to Figure 3 34 for the following 1 Press the WAVEFORM bu...

Страница 81: ...r a segment the loop counter is executed automatically Note although the trigger input controls advanced steps to use this mode the LW120 must be in continuous operating mode Single Using this advance mode the LW120 idles between steps until a valid trigger signal is sensed The single advance mode requires that the LW120 be in trigger operating mode only An attempt to select the Single advance mod...

Страница 82: ... Mode AUTO Back NOTE The operating mode of the instrument as selected from the TRIGGER menu affects the way that the LW120 lets you access the sequence advance mode parameter If you are in continuous mode you can select one of AUTO STEP or MIXED as advance modes If you are in triggered operating mode you ll be able to select from AUTO or SINGLE as advance modes TIP If you are using trigger stimuli...

Страница 83: ...er the GPIB are defined by the SCPI 1993 0 standard The SCPI standard defines a common language protocol It goes one step further than IEEE STD 488 2 and defines a standard set of commands to control every programmable aspect of the instrument It also defines the format of command parameters and the format of values returned by the instrument SCPI is an ASCII based instrument command language desi...

Страница 84: ... The brackets are not sent with the command string A value for the frequency parameter such as FREQ 50e 6 must be specified Some parameters are enclosed in square brackets The brackets indicate that the parameter is optional and can be omitted The brackets are not sent with the command string Command Separator A colon is used to separate a command keyword from a lower level keyword as shown below ...

Страница 85: ...ator Commands that set values can be queried for their current value Commands that set modes of operation can be queried for their current mode IEEE STD 488 2 common queries generate responses which are common to all IEEE STD 488 2 compatible instruments SCPI Command Terminator A command string sent to the function generator must terminate with a new line character The IEEE STD 488 EOI message is ...

Страница 86: ...have a limited number of values i e FIXed USER and SEQuence They have short and long form command keywords Upper and lowercase letters can be mixed Query responses always return the short form in all uppercase letters The following command uses discrete parameters SOUR FUNC MODE FIXed USER SEQuence Boolean Parameters Boolean parameters represent a single binary condition that is either true or fal...

Страница 87: ...tem Square brackets are used to enclose a keyword that is optional when programming the command that is the LW120 will process the command to have the same effect whether the optional node is omitted by the programmer or not Letter case in tables is used to differentiate between the accepted short form upper case and the long form upper and lower case The PARAMETER FORM column indicates the number...

Страница 88: ...FF ON FILTer LPASs NONE 25M 50M ALL SYNC STATe OFF ON SOURce BIT LCOMplete POSition POINt 0 0 999999 4 point increments WIDTh 4 4 100000 4 point increments SOURce APPLy SINusoid FREQ AMPL OFFS PHAS TRIangle FREQ AMPL OFFS PHAS SQUare FREQ AMPL OFFS DCYC PULSe FREQ AMPL OFFS DEL WIDT LEAD TRA RAMP FREQ AMPL OFFS DEL LEAD TRA SINC FREQ AMPL OFFS NCYC GAUSsian FREQ AMPL OFFS EXP EXPonential FREQ AMPL...

Страница 89: ...s only ROSCillator SOURce INTernal EXTernal PHASe OFFSet 0 0 999999 1 point increments VOLTage LEVel AMPLitude 5 000 10E 3 10 00 MINimum MAXimum OFFSet 0 4 5 4 5 FUNCtion MODE FIXed USER SEQuence SHAPe SINusoid TRIangle SQUare PULSe RAMP SINC GAUSsian EXPonential NOISe DC SINusoid PHASe 0 0 360 TRIangle PHASe 0 0 360 SQUare DCYCle 50 1 99 PULSe DELay 10 0 99 9 WIDth 10 0 99 9 TRANsition LEADing 10...

Страница 90: ...e 10 4 100 EXPonential EXPonent 1 20 00 20 00 DC AMPLitude 100 100 100 FM DATA arbitrary_block DEViation 10e6 100e 3 100e6 FUNCtion MODE FIXed USER SHAPe SINusoidal TRIangle SQUare RAMP FREQuency 1e3 1e 3 100e3 RASTer 1e6 1e 3 10e6 STATe OFF ON TRIGger MODE CONTinuous TRIGgered GATed SLOPe POSitive NEGative FSK FREQuency RASTer 80e6 100e 3 100e6 STATe OFF ON MODE HOP RAMP RAMP TIME 1e 3 10e 6 1 Re...

Страница 91: ...ve MARKer 64e6 100e 3 100e6 AM STATe OFF ON TRACe DATA arbitrary_block DEFine 1 1 4096 16 16 1048326 Even number 1 Meg memory divisible by 4 DEFine 1 1 4096 16 16 4193304 Even number 4 Meg memory divisible by 4 DELete NAME 1 1 4096 ALL SELect 1 1 4096 SEGMent DATA binary_block DMA STATe OFF ON OFF is automatic TYPE WAVE FM SEQuence DATA binary_block ADVance AUTOmatic STEP SINGle MIXed SOURce EXTer...

Страница 92: ...Rce ADVance EXTernal INTernal GATE STATe OFF ON SLOPe POSitive NEGative TIMer 1e3 100e 3 5e6 In Hz units PHASe 0 0 999999 4 points increments IMMediate ARM STATe OFF ON SLOPe STARt POSitive NEGative BREakpoint POSition 0 0 999999 4 points increments RESet SYSTem ERRor Query only VERSion Query only 1999 0 SAVE 0 0 10 Query only RECall 0 0 10 Query only TEST ALL Query only Remote Programming Referen...

Страница 93: ...t Summary continued Keyword Parameter Form Default in Bold Notes CLS ESE 0 0 255 OPC RST SRE 0 0 255 TRG ESE Query only ESR Query only IDN Query only OPC Query only OPT Query only SRE Query only STB Query only TST Query only Remote Programming Reference 4 11 ...

Страница 94: ...N 0 1 OFF DATA header binary_block DEViation deviation 1e6 100e 3 100e6 FUNCtion MODE FIXed USER FIXed SHAPe SINusoid TRIangle SQUare RAMP SINusoid FREQuency FM_freq 1e3 1e 3 100e3 RASTer FM_sclk 1e6 1e 3 10e6 TRIGger MODE CONTinuous TRIGgered GATed CONTinuous SLOPe POSitive NEGative POSitive FREQuency freq MINimum MAXimum 1e6 100e 6 50e6 RASTer sclk MINimum MAXimum 10e6 3 100e6 100e SOURce EXTern...

Страница 95: ...xp 20 100 100 DC _amplitude 100 100 100 AM OFF ON 0 1 Purpose This command turns the AM function on and off ON or 1 will set the AM on OFF or 0 will set the AM off Parameter type Boolean AM Response and default The LW120 will return 1 if the AM is on or 0 if the AM is off Default is 0 APPLy SINusoid freq ampl offs phase Purpose This command is a high level command that programs the LW120 to output...

Страница 96: ... phase in units of degrees Parameter type Numeric Parameter range freq 10e3 to 50e6 ampl 10e 3 to 10 offs 4 5 to 4 5 phase 0 to 360 APPLy TRIangle Response The LW120 will return freq ampl offs phase Default values are 1e6 5 0 0 APPLy SQUare freq ampl offs duty_cycle Purpose This command is a high level command that programs the LW120 to output square waveform along with its associated parameters f...

Страница 97: ...fall time in units of Parameter type Numeric Parameter range freq 10e3 to 50e6 ampl 10e 3 to 10 offs 4 5 to 4 5 delay 0 to 99 9 rise 0 to 99 9 high 0 to 99 9 fall 0 to 99 9 APPLy PULSe Response The LW120 will return freq ampl offs delay rise high fall Default values are 1e6 5 0 10 10 10 10 APPLy RAMP freq ampl offs delay rise fall Purpose This command is a high level command that programs the LW12...

Страница 98: ...volts offs sets the output offset in units of volts N_cycles sets the number of zero crossing Parameter type Numeric Parameter range freq 10e3 to 50e6 ampl 10e 3 to 10 offs 4 5 to 4 5 N_cycle 4 to 100 APPLy SINC Response The LW120 will return freq ampl offs N_cycle Default values are 1e6 5 0 10 APPLy EXPonential freq ampl offs exp Purpose This command is a high level command that programs the LW12...

Страница 99: ...fs sets the output offset in units of volts exp sets the exponent value Parameter type Numeric Parameter range freq 10e3 to 50e6 ampl 10e 3 to 10 offs 4 5 to 4 5 exp 10 to 200 APPLy GAUSsian Response The LW120 will return freq ampl offs exp Default values are 1e6 5 0 20 APPLy DC _ampl Purpose This command is a high level command that programs the LW120 to output DC level along with its associated ...

Страница 100: ...W120 will return seg sclk ampl offs Default values are 1 10e6 5 0 PHASe OFFSet phase_offs Purpose This command programs the start phase offset between channels 1 and 2 in units of waveform points Phase offset resolution when using this command is 1 point phase_offs sets the phase offset between the channels Phase offset is in waveform points Parameter type Numeric Parameter range phase_offs 0 to 9...

Страница 101: ...ng data to the arbitrary FM waveform memory is very different than loading arbitrary waveform data Waveform data programs amplitude domain therefore every point programs an amplitude level On the other hand FM modulating waveform data programs frequency domain therefore every point sets different sample clock frequency The FM modulating waveform data is made of 40 bit words However the GPIB link h...

Страница 102: ... output is set to TTL high when the marker bit is true This way you can use the SYNC output to mark frequency occurrences during FM operation 10 Data download is terminated with the MSBit of the last byte set to 1 FM DEViation deviation Purpose This command will set the deviation frequency in units of samples per second deviation sets the phase offset between the channels Phase offset is in wavefo...

Страница 103: ...ter affects the LW120 when set to operate in FM FUNC MODE FIX FM_freq will set the frequency of the modulating waveform Parameter type Numeric Parameter range FM_freq 1e 3 to 100e6 in units of hertz FM FREQuency Response and default The LW120 will return the present modulating waveform frequency value The returned value will be in standard scientific format for example 100mHz would be returned as ...

Страница 104: ...rn CONT TRIG or GATE depending on its present setting Default is CONT FM TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative Purpose This command will select slope sensitivity for the FM trigger input POSitive will select rising edge NEGative will select falling edge Parameter type Discrete FM TRIGger SLOPe Response and default The LW120 will return POS or NEG depending on its present setting Default is POS FREQuency...

Страница 105: ...ck frequency value The returned value will be in standard scientific format for example 100MHz would be returned as 100E6 positive numbers are unsigned Default value is 10e6 FREQuency RASTer SOURce EXTernal INTernal Purpose This command selects the source of the sample clock generator This command affects both the standard and the arbitrary waveforms EXTernal selects an external source INTernal se...

Страница 106: ... will return the present shifted sample clock frequency value The returned value will be in standard scientific format for example 1KHz would be returned as 1E3 positive numbers are unsigned Default value is 80e3 FSK MODE HOP RAMPed Purpose This command will select one of the FSK modes HOP will select non delayed hops from carrier sclk to shifted sclk RAMPed will select ramped shifts from carrier ...

Страница 107: ...orms Parameter type Discrete FUNCTion MODE Response and default The LW120 will return FIX USER or SEQ depending on the present LW120 setting Default value is FIX FUNCtion SHAPe SINusoid TRIangle SQUare PULSe RAMP SINC EXPonential GAUSsian NOISe DC Purpose This command defines the shape of waveform that will be available at the output connector This command has no affect if present LW120 setting is...

Страница 108: ...set the stop sample clock frequency When set to operate in sweep mode the LW120 will sweep from carrier sample clock frequency to sweep stop sample clock frequency stop_sclk will set the sweep stop sample clock frequency for the sweep mode Parameter type Numeric Parameter range stop_sclk 100e 3 to 100e6 in units of samples per second SWEep STOP Response and default The LW120 will return the presen...

Страница 109: ...lk parameter Parameter type Discrete SWEep DIRection Response and default The LW120 will return UP or DOWN depending on the present LW120 setting Default value is UP SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic Purpose This command will select the sweep spacing from linear spacing and logarithmic spacing LINear will select linear steps mic steps LOGarithmic will select logarith Parameter type Discrete SWEep S...

Страница 110: ...mple clock frequency Parameter type Numeric Parameter range mark_sclk 100e 3 to 100e6 in units of samples per second SWEep MARKer Response and default The LW120 will return the present sweep sample clock frequency value The returned value will be in standard scientific format for example 1KHz would be returned as 1E3 positive numbers are unsigned Default value is 64e6 VOLTage ampl MINimum MAXimum ...

Страница 111: ...The LW120 will return the present offset value The returned value will be in standard scientific format for example 100mV would be returned as 100E 3 positive numbers are unsigned Default value is 0 SINusoid PHASe phase Purpose This command programs start phase of the standard sine waveform This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms phase sets the start phase Parameter type Numeric Paramete...

Страница 112: ...efault The LW120 will return the present duty cycle value Default value is 50 PULSe DELay delay Purpose This command programs delay of the standard pulse waveform This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms delay sets the delay parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range delay 0 to 99 9 in units of percent PULSe DELay Response and default The LW120 will return the present delay value De...

Страница 113: ... will return the present rise time value Default value is 10 PULSe TRANsition TRAiling fall Purpose This command programs pulse transition from high to low of the standard pulse waveform This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms fall sets the fall time parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range fall 0 to 99 9 in units of percent PULSe TRANsition TRAiling Response and default The LW12...

Страница 114: ...0 RAMP TRANsition TRAiling fall Purpose This command programs ramp transition from high to low of the standard ramp waveform This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms fall sets the fall time parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range fall 0 to 99 9 in units of percent RAMP TRANsition TRAiling Response and default The LW120 will return the present fall time value Default value is 30 S...

Страница 115: ...and programs the exponent for the standard exponential waveform This command has no affect on arbitrary waveforms exp sets the exponent parameter Parameter type Numeric Parameter range exp 100 to 100 EXPonential EXPonent Response and default The LW120 will return the present exponent value Default value is 20 DC _amplitude Purpose This command programs the amplitude of the standard DC waveform Thi...

Страница 116: ...efault The LW120 will return 1 if the output is on or 0 if the output is off Default value is 0 OUTPut FILTer NONE 25M 50M ALL Purpose This command will select which filter is connected to the LW120 output Observe the following restrictions when you try to use this command 1 Filter selection is not available when the instrument is set to output the standard sine waveform In fact the default wavefo...

Страница 117: ...F OUTPut SYNC SOURce BIT LCOMplete Purpose This command will select the LW120 SYNC option BIT will set the SYNC to output a narrow pulse LCOMplete will set the SYNC to transition high at the beginning of the sequence and low a the end of the sequence Parameter type Discrete OUTPut SYNC SOURce Response and default The LW120 will return BIT or LCOM depending on the present setting of the SYNC source...

Страница 118: ...n the present SYNC position value Default value is 0 OUTPut SYNC WIDTh width Purpose This command will program the width of the SYNC pulse The sync width can be varied through a limited range to allow widening of the sync pulse width will set the SYNC width Parameter type Numeric integer only Parameter range width 4 to 100000 in units of waveform points OUTPut SYNC WIDTh Response and default The L...

Страница 119: ...high limits are given where applicable Keyword Parameter Form Default Low Limit High Limit FORMat BORDer NORMal SWAPped NORMal FORMat BORDer NORMal SWAPped Purpose This command will set the byte order for the trace command NORMal will set high low byte order SWAPped will set low high byte order Parameter type Discrete FORMat BORDer Response to query version The LW120 will return NORM or SWAP depen...

Страница 120: ... set channel 2 active Parameter type Discrete INSTrument Response and default The LW120 will return 1 or 2 depending on the present active channel setting Default value is 1 INSTrument COUPle OFF ON 0 1 Purpose This command will enable daisy chained instruments to operate in multi instrument synchronization mode Observe the following pre requisite conditions 1 9 pin master slave cable must be conn...

Страница 121: ...le MODE Response and default The LW120 will return MAST or SLAV depending on the present instrument couple setting Default value is MAST INSTrument COUPle PHASe phase Purpose This command will program the phase offset between master and slave units This command has no effect on the instrument in modes other than instrument couple phase will set the leading edge offset between master and slave unit...

Страница 122: ... ARM OFF ON 0 1 ON SLOPe POSitive NEGative POSitive BREakpoint POSition position 0 0 999999 INITiate CONTinuous OFF ON 0 1 ON TRIGger BURSt OFF ON 0 1 OFF COUNt count 1 1 1e6 GATE OFF ON 0 1 OFF PHASe phase 0 0 999999 SLOPe POSitive NEGative POSitive SOURce ADVance EXTernal INTernal EXTernal TIMer interval 1e3 100e 3 5e6 IMMediate TRG ARM OFF ON 0 1 Purpose This command will arm the LW120 to stop ...

Страница 123: ... type Numeric integer only Parameter range position 0 to 999999 in units of waveform points The breakpoint position can be programmed in increments of 4 points minimum ARM BREakpoint POSition Response and default The LW120 will return the present breakpoint value Default value is 0 INITiate CONTinuous OFF ON 0 1 Purpose This command will set the output in continuous operation and interrupted opera...

Страница 124: ...eger only Parameter range count 1 to 1 Meg TRIGger COUNt Response and default The LW120 will return the present count value Default value is 1 TRIGger GATE OFF ON 0 1 Purpose This command will set the gate mode This command will affect the LW120 only after it will be set to interrupted operation with the command INIT CONT OFF ON or 1 will set the gate mode on OFF or 0 will set the gate mode off Pa...

Страница 125: ...IMer interval Purpose This command will set the period for the internal trigger generator interval will set the timer of the internal trigger generator Parameter type Numeric Parameter range interval 100e 3 to 5e6 in units of seconds TRIGger TIMer Response and default The LW120 will return the present internal trigger timer value The returned value will be in standard scientific format for example...

Страница 126: ...form memory capacity 1 Meg standard memory configuration 4 Meg optional memory expansion Each horizontal point has a unique address the first being 00000 and the last depends on the memory option In cases where smaller waveform lengths are required the waveform memory can be divided into smaller segments When the instrument is programmed to output arbitrary waveforms the clock samples the data poi...

Страница 127: ...including extended ASCII code to be transmitted in a message This command is particularly useful for sending large quantities of data As an example the next command will download to the generator an arbitrary block of data of 1024 points TRACe 42048 binary_block This command causes the transfer of 2048 bytes of data 1024 waveform points into the active memory segment The header is interpreted this...

Страница 128: ... to 2 5V The corresponding level in waveform points is decimal 0 0x0000 for 2 5V and decimal 16 393 0x3FFF for 2 5V Similarly the 0V point will correspond to decimal 8191 0x1FFF 5 The two most significant bits D14 and D15 are control bits and are not available for normal programming They must be set to 0 at all times except during DMA download where the last word is sent with D15 set to 1 Informat...

Страница 129: ...s no need for this command because the header contains segment size information and therefore the segment will resize automatically The use of this command is absolutely a must if you download waveform data through the DMA port segment_number will set the selected segment length will assign length to the above selected segment Minimum segment length is 16 points the maximum is limited by the memor...

Страница 130: ...memory This command is particularly important in case you want to de fragment the entire waveform memory and start building your waveform segments from scratch TIP The TRAC DEL ALL command does not re write the memory so whatever waveforms were downloaded to the memory are still there for recovery The TRAC DEL ALL command removes all stop bits and clears the segment table You can recover memory se...

Страница 131: ...t set This way carriage return CR 0dH and line feed LF 0aH characters can be used as segment table data points and will not cause unexpected termination of the arbitrary block data binary_block Represents segment table data The segment table data is made of 48 bit words however the GPIB link has 8 data bas lines and accepts 8 bit words only Therefore the data has to be prepared as 48 bit words and...

Страница 132: ...e stored in three different memory segments There are a number of tools that you can use to build a sequence table The easiest way is of course to use the ArbExplorer program Information how to use the ArbExplorer program is given in a later chapter In other cases SCPI programming allows low level programming of sequence tables In general sequences can be build one step at a time using the SEQ DEF...

Страница 133: ...characters can be used as sequence data and will not cause unexpected termination of the arbitrary block data binary_block Represents sequence table data The segment table data is made of 48 bit words however the GPIB link has 8 data bas lines and accepts 8 bit words only Therefore the data has to be prepared as 48 bit words and rearranged as six 8 bit words before it can be used by the LW120 as s...

Страница 134: ...d The output of the LW120 generates the first segment continuously until a trigger signal advances the sequence to the next segment If repeats were selected for a segment the loop counter is executed automatically In SINGle advance mode the generator idles between steps until a valid trigger signal is sensed This mode operates with trigger mode only An attempt to select the SING advance mode when ...

Страница 135: ...he link number segment_ will select the segment for the above link _repeat will define how many times the selected segment will loop mode will assign the mixed mode bits for this sequence step 0 programs normal advance 1 programs trigger advance Step with a 0 bit assigned to it will advance automatically to the next step If 1 is assigned to a step the instrument will generate this step and its ass...

Страница 136: ...ta transfer make sure that your GPIB controller has DMA capability 3 When downloading waveforms using the DMA only binary data can be loaded The binary data structure is shown in Figure 4 1 Be careful not to send ASCII characters or SCPI commands that are not part of the waveform data because it will confuse the generator and will cause errors ON or 1 will set the LW120 in DMA state After this the...

Страница 137: ...nt you must first define it using the TRACe DEFine command You can define more than one segment in preparation for downloading waveforms however before you start downloading waveforms you first must select the active segment using the TRACe SELect command ON or 1 will set the LW120 in DMA state After this the instrument cannot accept normal commands but only binary bytes Normal command mode is res...

Страница 138: ...efore every point sets different sample clock frequency NOTES 1 DMA mode is not available if you are using RS232 2 Before you attempt using DMA data transfer make sure that your GPIB controller has DMA capability 3 When downloading waveforms using the DMA only binary data can be loaded The binary data structure is shown in Figure 4 8 Be careful not to send ASCII characters or SCPI commands that ar...

Страница 139: ... way you can use the SYNC output to mark frequency occurrences during FM operation 5 DMA download is terminated with the MSBit of the last byte set to 1 As an example lets compute the number that has to be downloaded for a sample clock value of 15 23456MHz Using the equation N SCLK Hz x 14 31655765 we compute N 15 23456MHz x 14 31655765 218106456 5 rounded to 218106457 0x0D000A58 0 0 0 0 0 n m 0 0...

Страница 140: ...d later in this manual SYSTem VERSion Purpose This query will interrogate the LW120 for SCPI version Response to query The LW120 will return 1999 0 SYSTem SAVe memory Purpose This command will save the entire front panel setting This command will not save arbitrary memory and segment partitions It will also not save sequence table data memory will select the memory cell where front panel settings ...

Страница 141: ... to query The LW120 will return 0 for no error or error code Error codes are listed below Error Code Description 0 No errors selftest passed 1 CPU and peripherals communication failure 2 Channel 1 failure 4 Channel 2 failure 8 Sequence generator channel 1 failure 16 Sequence generator channel 2 failure 32 Channel 2 sample clock divider failure IDN Purpose This query will interrogate the identity o...

Страница 142: ...s to the binary weighted sum of all bits set in the register IDN Query the generator s identity The returned data is organized into four fields separated by commas The generator responds with its manufacturer and model number in the first two fields and may also report its serial number and options in fields three and four If the latter information is not available the device must return an ASCII ...

Страница 143: ...elftest passed 1 CPU to peripherals communication failure 2 Channel 1 failure 4 Channel 2 failure 8 Sequence generator failure More than one failure can be reported at one time For example the returned value 17 indicates both a TBD problem and a TBD problem exist WAI Wait for all pending operations to complete before executing any additional commands over the interface The SCPI Status Registers Th...

Страница 144: ...ys set to 0 Bit 4 Decimal value 16 Message Available Queue Summary Message MAV The state of this bit indicates whether or not the output queue is empty The MAV summary message is true when the output queue is not empty This message is used to synchronize information exchange with the controller The controller can for example send a query command to the device and then wait for MAV to become true I...

Страница 145: ...uest Power On Standard Event Status Register ESR 6 7 3 2 1 0 6 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 Logical OR RQS MSS ESB MAV Service Request Generation Standard Event Status Register ESE value ESE read by Serial Poll Status Byte Register read by STB Service Request Enable Register SRE value SRE Output Queue Queue Not Empty Figure 4 9 SCPI Status Registers Remote Programming Reference 4 63 ...

Страница 146: ...ter SRE The Service Request enable register is an 8 bit register that enables corresponding summary messages in the Status Byte Register Thus the application programmer can select reasons for the generator to issue a service request by altering the contents of the Service Request Enable Register The Service Request Enable Register is read with the SRE common query The response to this query is a n...

Страница 147: ...on the Model LW120 Bit 2 Query Error This bit indicates that an attempt is being made to read data from the output queue when no output is either present or pending Bit 3 Device Dependent Error This bit is set when an error in a device function occurs For example the following command will cause a DDE error VOLTage 5 VOLTage OFFSet 2 Both of the above parameters are legal and within the specified ...

Страница 148: ...n the following ESE0 No mask Clears all bits in the register ESE1 ESB on Operation Complete ESE2 ESB on Request Control ESE4 ESB on Query Error ESE8 ESB on Device Dependent Error ESE16 ESB on Execution Error ESE32 ESB on Command Error ESE64 ESB on User Request ESE128 ESB Power on Error Messages In general whenever the LW120 receives an invalid SCPI command it automatically generates an error Error...

Страница 149: ... were received for the command One or more parameters that were required for the command were omitted 128 Numeric data not allowed A legal numeric data element was received but the instrument does not accept one in this position 131 Invalid suffix A suffix was incorrectly specified for a numeric parameter The suffix may have been misspelled 148 Character data not allowed A character data element w...

Страница 150: ...sed because its value is outside the valid range defined by the generator 224 Illegal parameter value A discrete parameter was received which was not a valid choice for the command An invalid parameter choice may have been used 300 Device specific error This is the generic device dependent error for the instrument when it cannot detect more specific errors A device specific error as defined in IEE...

Страница 151: ...all 5 GPIB interface card National Instruments TNT488 2 6 Visa 2 0 or higher installation 7 Last but not least some basic knowledge how to operate computers and Windows based programs What s In This Chapter Th ArbExplorer Introduction to ArbExplorer and examples how to program instrument controls and parameters and how to generate Introduction To ArbExplorer hare a common purpose controlling ArbEx...

Страница 152: ...and Advanced Users For the New User Learning to use ArbExplorer is easy intuitive and quick even if you have never used such programs before After you have installed ArbExplorer on your computer read the following paragraphs to learn how to find your way around ArbExplorer s menus Once you are familiar with the basics you ll continue to learn about features programming and editing commands If you ...

Страница 153: ...ening bol pointing in the r word enclosed in angle Screen Invoke ArbExplorer by double clicking on the icon If you cannot find the icon on your desktop click on Start Programs and ArbExplorer The opening screen will show If you installed the program correctly your screen should look as shown in Figure 5 1 Figure 5 45 The opening Screen The Startup Communication Options dialog box is displayed at t...

Страница 154: ...Updater dialog box will be removed from the left top of the screen as shown in Figure 5 2 ntrols like saving files and viewing or removal of screen images ate five LW120 units simultaneously If the instruments were connected to the GPIB link while invoking ArbExplorer they will automatically be detected by the program and with its associated address For example with two ing button 1 will bring up ...

Страница 155: ...to be constructed in such a way to provide complete control capability from the computer screen ArbExplorer has three main screens 1 Control panels 2 Waveform composer and 3 FM waveform composer The various screens along with instructions how to access and use them are described below in detail The Control Panels The control panels look and feel just as if you would operate an instrument from its ...

Страница 156: ... button in the operating Mode group triggered operation will be enabled and the Trigger Panel will automatically pop up and cascaded in front of the Main Panel HINT LED s may be turned on by pressing the button below You cannot turn LED s ON by clicking on the LED itself Dial Use the dial to modify displayed reading To use the dial press and hold the mouse cursor on the dial and move the mouse in ...

Страница 157: ...each channel separately Parameters that are associated with the second channel will be ignored If you have Model LW110 on its Active Instrument bar then every time you press a button you are Figure 5 47 The Main Panel If you are connected properly to a GPIB or RS232 link and ArbExplorer has detected this link and placed the address getting an immediate action on the LW120 It is different if you ar...

Страница 158: ...l but only if you use the keypad In case you do the program will not let you download an illegal parameter and you ll be requested to correct your setting The buttons in the AM group let you turn on the AM function There is a button for each channel Click on the Channel 1 button to turn AM ON for channel 1 and click on the Channel 2 button to turn AM ON for channel 2 Note that ON is indicated by a...

Страница 159: ...ontrolling the state of the LW120 channel 1 and 2 outputs The buttons toggle the output ON and OFF access to the from top Utility and Modulation Panels Also if you press the Exit button the program will be terminated The Standard Waveforms Panel Channel 1 2 The Standard Waveforms panel as shown in Figure 5 4 is always invoked at the back of the Main Panel since the default output shape of the LW12...

Страница 160: ...the instrument the output will generate erroneous frequencies The button in the Frequency group lets you program the output frequency of the selected waveform shape The frequency parameter may be modified when the LED illuminates You can use the dial keyboard or the keys to adjust the readout to the required setting After you modify the reading press Execute to update the LW120 with the new readin...

Страница 161: ... han change its output type to the selected waveform type The functional groups in the Arbitrary Waveforms Panel are described below The Parameters group contains two parameters for each channel Amplitude and Offset Actually the values exhibited in this group are exactly the same as in the Main Panel so every time you change amplitude and offset in the Parameters group the other panels are updated...

Страница 162: ...c n ext e ext ur inst The n Pan s selection between internal or Sample Clock group is comprised of parameters that control th ple clock Select the SCLK LED to adjust the sample clock rat programmed to output arbitrary or sequenced waveforms To access the required parameter click on the button until the LED next to the required parameter turns on The value that is associated with the lit LED is dis...

Страница 163: ...buttons provide access to from top to bottom W Panel from the screen The Wave Composer will be discussed separately in this chapter The Segment and Sequence Tables are described below If you want to learn more about segment control you should refer to section 3 o w b rument with this option ing such a long memory to store waveforms does not necessari an that you have to use the entire memory every...

Страница 164: ...with the segment number he segment list Use the Insert key to insert a segment at the cursor location The The Clear All key will remove all segments from the table and will let The Channel field lets you select the active channel If 1 is displayed then the table you ll be constructing will affect channel 1 Likewise select 2 if you want to program the table for channel 2 The two main fields in the ...

Страница 165: ... can generate sequences The waveforms are downloaded as coordinates and are stored in the LW120 is a place designated as waveform memory The waveform memory has a finite size of 1Meg or 4Meg if you purchased the instrument with this option As was explained in Using the Segment Table above the waveform memory can be divided into smaller segments and up to 4096 segments can be defined and used as in...

Страница 166: ...ng order therefore make sure that you enter your waveform segments in exactly the order you would like them at transitioning to the next link Segment This parameter associates waveform segments with links You can use different segments for different links or you can use the same segment for a number of links There are no limitations how you associate links to segments except you cannot program in ...

Страница 167: ...ere are control buttons on the then the table you ll be constructing will affect channel 1 Likewise select 2 if you want to program the table for channel 2 key is used for deleting a step at the cursor position The Clear All key will remove all steps from the table and will let you start designing your sequence table from scratch Click on the Close to discard of the contents of the dialog box with...

Страница 168: ...equires definition of breakpoints Additional information on the arm functio LED to program breakpoint position The Positive on Negative slope options will determine edge sensitivity for the trigger input There are two additional buttons at the right top corner of the Trigger Panel You can close the Trigger Panel by clicking on the background if you click on the To Main Panel key The Modulation pan...

Страница 169: ...rn the FM function on and off click on the State button in this group There are sub groups in the FM block Parameters Shape Mode and Slope Shape Determines how the frequency will change There are four standard patterns that are built into the instrument sine triangle square and The arbitrary waveform shape must be loaded to the instrument from an external application or from the FM Composer Inform...

Страница 170: ...r to the appropriate section in this manual to learn more about triggered FM Mode The Mode group lets you select between two shift options p and ramped modes Slope The Slope sub group let you select edge sensitivity for the trigger input of the LW120 If you click on Positive the instrument will trigger on the rising edge of the trigger signal Likewise if you click on Negative the instrument will t...

Страница 171: ...not been updated yet with the new parameter Pressing Execute will update the instrument and will restore the c to dark blue indicating that th olor of the digital readout e displayed value is the same as the generator setting Also note that the digital readout has an autodetect mechanism for the high and low limits You cannot exceed the limits if you are using the dial but only if you use the keyp...

Страница 172: ...rogram tha enable you to create and edit user defined waveforms that will be d as modulating waveforms The FM Composer program cribed in greater details later in this chapter the UTIL button or To Utility Panel button on the Main Panel The Utility panel provides access to general instrument controls that are not directly related to waveform generation Through this panel you can control multiple in...

Страница 173: ...ing After you modify the reading pres cute to update the LW120 with the new reading Normal color of the digital reading is dark blue If you modify the reading the color changes to a lighter shade of blue indicating that the LW120 has not been updated yet with the new parameter Pressing Execute will update the indicating that the displayed value is the same as the generator setting instrument and w...

Страница 174: ...he Utility Panel You can close the Utility Panel by clicking on the Close key or return to the main panel and leave the Utility Panel in the background if you click on the To Main Panel key System and ArbExplorer requires certain conditions to work well with the LW120 For example The computer you are using must be connected to the instrument through a known and well defined communication link such...

Страница 175: ...s just make sur igure 5 54 System Control and link for connecting the LW120 to the computer In general ArbExplorer does that automatically for you if you use the Refresh Communication command However in cases where you operate with both RS232 and GPIB and want to test both options you can do this by clicking on the appropriate button that selects the communication type Remember to click on Execute...

Страница 176: ...Additional information on the TST command is available in chapter 4 of this manual WARNING The TST Invokes hardware selftest routine This test destructive to the last setting of the LW120 Use this te is st routine only when absolutely necessary to ascertain functional failure of the LW120 The IDN queries the generator s identity The response is placed in the field next to the IDN button The respon...

Страница 177: ...inates from other products such as oscilloscopes and use them directly as waveform data The program is loaded with many features and options so use the following paragraphs to learn how to create edit and download waveforms to the LW120 using the Waveform Composer You can invoke the Waveform Composer program from two places On the Panels bar click on WAVE or from the Arbitrary Sequence Panel click...

Страница 178: ...g box is shown in Figure 5 Waveform screen Refer to Figure 5 11 throughout the description of these parts The commands bar provides access to standard Windows commands such as File and View In addition there are ArbExplorer specific commands such as Edit Wave and System an additional list of commands Then clicking on an additional command may open a dialog box or generate an immediate action For e...

Страница 179: ...creen If you made changes to your waveform since it was last saved the Wave Composer will prompt you to Save or Abandon changes these changes Edit Commands The Edit commands are used for manipulating the waveform that is drawn on the screen The editing commands are explained in the following paragraphs Autoline The Autoline command lets you draw straight line segments To draw a line using this com...

Страница 180: ...h fast transitions when combined with parabolic expressions have tendencies to generate even larger transitions Therefore make sure you omit such sections of the waveform when you use this operation The Filter used with this command is moving average This is done by recalculating each point as an average of symmetrical number of adjacent points When you select the Filter command a dialog box pops ...

Страница 181: ...erform autoline and sketch editing or further by clicking and holding the mouse at one corner and releasing the mouse button at the other corner Zooming In on Waveforms The Channel 1 Waveform command updates the waveform screen Channel 1 waveform If you have not yet generated a The Channel 2 Waveform command updates the waveform screen Figure 5 57 Channel 1 Waveform with the waveform for channel 1...

Страница 182: ...a library of 8 w create waveforms using the Wave commands is given below Creating Waveforms From the Built in Library You can create any waveform from the built in library using the Wave command Clicking on one of the Wave options will open a dialog box An example of the Sine waveform dialog box is shown in Figure 5 14 This dialog box is representativ Creating Sine Waveforms Use the following proc...

Страница 183: ... a perfect sine Power range is from 1 through 9 Figure 5 58 An Example of Generating Sine Waveforms From the Built in Library System Commands The System commands let you do two actions Delete all segments and download the active waveform to the selected channel Both of these commands are also available as icons on the toolbar ArbExplorer 5 33 ...

Страница 184: ...on to start the autoline operation You can exit the autoline mode by clicking on this icon again or by clicking on the right mouse button The Autoline command lets you draw straight line segments To draw a line using this command click the left mouse button at the start point Click again at the next point and then click on the right mouse button to terminate this operation The sketch mode is invok...

Страница 185: ...hose to filter a segment of the waveform by placing the anchors as boundaries on the left and right of the segment An easy way of inverting your waveform is by using the invert function The Invert command lets you invert the entire waveforms or marked segments of waveforms The waveform is inverted about the 0 point axis Click on this icon to removes the anchors from the waveform screen and resets ...

Страница 186: ...to Panel button The Waveform Screen limit generation of the waveform between points 100 and 900 The various elements of the waveform screen are described below The vertical axis is labeled from 8192 through 8191 for a total of installed in your instrument The wave composer will let you define the horizontal axis When you click on this button the program will move the wave composer to the backgroun...

Страница 187: ...wo triangles pointing to the center of the screen These are the anchors The anchor will between point 100 and point 500 you place the left anchor at point 100 and the r There are two ways to control anchor placements 1 then drag the curtain to the left position Do the same for the right anchor Notice the X and Y coordinates at the top of the waveform screen and how t 2 You can also place your anch...

Страница 188: ...ignal that will follow the sine pattern The resolution and aragraphs to learn how to create and download modulating waveforms to the LW120 using the FM Composer The Wave Composer has three sections Commands bar Toolbar and The Commands bar on one of the commands opens a dialog box with an additional list of commands Then clicking on an additional he various commands in the Commands bar are listed ...

Страница 189: ...files to format that is acceptable by the Wave Composer The New Waveform command will remove the waveform from the een If you made changes to the waveform area and use this mand you should save your work before clearing the screen The Waveform command is destructive to the displayed waveform Open Waveform Open Waveform command will let you brows your disk for viously saved waveform files and load ...

Страница 190: ...you select name location and form waveform file The Save As dialog box is shown in Figure 5 18 Figure 5 62 The FM Composer Save AS Dialog Box Exit The Exit command ends the current FM Composer session and takes you back to the Panels screen If you made changes to your waveform since it was last saved make sure to Save your work before you use this command Wave Commands The Wave commands let you cr...

Страница 191: ...y adjust itself to the selected end point The example shows end point set at point 499 Max Peak Deviation This parameter defines the forward peak deviation Note that the forward peak deviation cannot exceed the pre defined Deviation parameter as shown on the Toolbar In case you need to exceed the pre defined peak value you must quit this box and modify the Deviation parameter to provide sufficient...

Страница 192: ...on syntax When you invoke the Equation Editor the dialog box as shown in Figure 5 20 will display Use the following paragraphs to learn how to f the most owerful feature within ArbExplorer and probab re that will e used most is the Equation Editor The Eq E points scree errors and with its self adjusting feature will automatically adjust your parameters so that none of the points on your waveform w...

Страница 193: ...t point as you change the end point the right anchor will automatically adjust itself to the selected end point Cycles The Cycles parameter defines how many waveform cycles will be created within the specified start and end anchor points The Level Adjuster is a conve amplitude and offset without modifying your equation The Level Adjuster mode does not interfere with your calculations and displays ...

Страница 194: ... many horizontal points the steps are hard to see Equations are always computed as a function of the vertical Amplitude axis therefore the left side of your equation will always look as Ampl p where p is the equation variables in units of waveform points You can write equations with up to 256 characters If the equation is too long to fit in the visible field parts to the left or right will scroll ...

Страница 195: ...Of course you get an uninteresting line that runs parallel to the X axis Now lets give the line some angle by typing Ampl p 2 p 2000 Press Preview and see that the line slopes down It may still be not pi π Circumference of unit diameter circle pe f I per omg Ω 2 π per amp Amplitude in units of points or seconds sin x The sine of cos x The cosine of x tan x The tangent of x ctn x The cotangent of x...

Страница 196: ... the Adjust button and here is your sinewave So what s wrong Well if you ll give it a little amplitude it might help so do it now exactly as follows ine along p points p is the equation variable remember If you want to create 10 sine waveforms you should multiply p by 10 Try this Equation Samples look like Figure 5 21 Ampl p 6000 sin omg p There you go You should now see a perfect sine waveform wi...

Страница 197: ...ms Now lets try to modulate two sinewaves with different periods and differe t hase ype t Press cree nt star p T his Ampl p 8000 sin omg p cos omg p 30 Preview Your s n should look like Figure 5 22 Figure 5 66 Using the Equation Editor to Modulate Sine Waveforms ArbExplorer 5 47 ...

Страница 198: ... wave equation Use the following equation Ampl p 5000 sin omg t 1000 sine 2 omg t Press Preview Your screen should look like Figure 5 23 Figure 5 67 Using the Equation Editor to Add Second Harmonic Distortion In Figure 5 24 we created 10 cycles of sinewave made to decay exponentially The original expression for a s 200 in this case will slow down the rate of decay Use the following equation tandar...

Страница 199: ...0 cycles of sine wave with a modulation depth of 20 To achieve this the upper and lower sidebands are defined separately and added to the fundamental or carrier The upper sideband is produced by the expression 100 cos 110 omg t and the lower sideband by the term 100 cos 90 omg t Use the following equation Ampl p 5000 sin 100 omg t 1000 cos 110 omg t 1000 cos 90 omg t Press Preview Your screen shou...

Страница 200: ...extension as shown in the example below Ampl p Sine wav sin omg p 10 Noise wav 1000 The above equation will generate amplitude modulated waveform with added noise The following steps demonstrate how to create store and combine waveforms using this equation Step 1 Create and store sine wav Invoke the Equation Editor and type the following equation Ampl p 5000 sin omg p Save this file using the name...

Страница 201: ...nual LW120 Ampl p Sine wav sin omg p 10 Noise wav 1000 If you did not make any mistakes your waveform screen should look as shown in Figure 5 26 5 70 Combining Waveforms Into Equations Figure ArbExplorer 5 51 ...

Страница 202: ...User Manual LW120 This page was intentionally left blank ArbExplorer 5 52 ...

Страница 203: ... offset standard waveforms user waveforms user waveform size sequence table dix A channel 2 clock divider trigger start phase breakpoints Common Cont source trigger modes tput FM FSK sweep arm start stop Multiple Instrument synchronization Description Multiple instruments can be connected together and synchronized to provide multi channel synchronization Phase leading edge offset between master an...

Страница 204: ...aveforms Modulation Source mp Modulation Frequency Range 1 mHz to 100 KHz Resolution 7 digits Accuracy 0 1 Modulating Frequency Distortion 0 1 Deviation Range 100mS s to 100 MS s Advance Automatic triggered gated or software command Marker Output and Level Same as SYNC output Position Programmable for selected frequency M Downloaded Arbitrary Waveforms Description Sample clock can be frequency mod...

Страница 205: ...ted Triggered Each input cycle generates a single output cycle Gated External signal enables generator First output cycle External Burst from 1 to 1M cycles stimulated by an external or manual trigger This mode is not available in SEQ mode Internal Burst An internal timer repeatedly generates a burst from 1 to 1M counted cycles This mode is not available in SEQ mode Trigger Sources External Input ...

Страница 206: ...y Range 100 µHz to 12 5 MHz usable above 12 5 MHz Adjustable Parameters Start phase 0 to 360 ange Adjustable Parameters Pul z usable above 12 5 MHz 99 9 of period 9 9 of period me ble above 12 5 MHz Adjustable Parameters Prog Range Resoluti 4 points B akpoint Waveform starts afte position Each channel can be pro Event to cause SCPI command or valid start signal at the TRIG input Breakpoint Erro 4 ...

Страница 207: ...ment Control input is TRIG IN connector Single Sequence Advance Current segment is sampled to the end of the segment s and idles there Next trigger advances to ent Control input is TRIG IN connector Frequency Range 10 mHz to 12 5 MHz usa e Paramete Adjustabl Time 100 to 100 E 1 Meg points standard 4 Meg points optional Memory Segmentati Number of Segm 1 to 4096 Min S Memory 4 All trace lengths mus...

Страница 208: ...ith a trigger Step A ance So External rear panel BNC Inte Sequencer steps From 1 to 4096 Segment Duration Minimum OUTPUTS Channels 1 and 2 Output Connector Front pane Impedance Protection Protected against temporary short to case ground 10 mV to 10 Vp p into 50Ω Double into open circuit 3 5 digits 1 25 mV 1 000 V to 10 Vp p 1 5 mV 100 mV to 999 9 mVp p 1 2 mV 10 mV to 99 99 mVp p Offset Offset Ran...

Страница 209: ...ar panel BNC inated to 2V Connector Input Level ECL p da e se Width 4 ns INPUTS Impedance Threshold Level Slope Connector Impedance Threshold Level TTL including modulated waveform such as FM sw Connector Rear panel B Level Protection Protected against temporary s Source Sample clock frequency Total Harmonic Distortion Harmonics and non spurious to 100 MHz Multi Instrument Synchro nectors Descript...

Страница 210: ...etection circuitry ault Cover 90 EMC and Safety Certification CE marked Mechanical 415 mm W x H x D t temperature condensing 5 5 TBF per MIL HDBK 217E 25 C Ground Benign Safety EN61010 Modulation In Rear panel BNC Impedance 1 M 5 Max Inp 12 V GENERAL G nformat GPIB Revision IEEE 488 2 Logical Address Se DMA Downloads arbitrary waveform data arbitrary FM wav e table data DMA support is require data...

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