joke 4910880, Руководство пользователя

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SAFETY
GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
The monitoring optics must be equipped with special attenuator devices capable of preventing personnel
from accessing radiation levels in excess of class I AEL. This is particularly important in the case of systems
fitted with inspection windows for viewing the interaction between the LASER beam and the process
material. In this case the windows must incorporate optical density (OD) filters that are sufficient to reduce
the radiation to non-hazardous levels. When calculating the required OD it is necessary to take into account
the type of laser, how it is operated, the distance from the focal point, the direction of observation, the
exposure time, etc. Since the purpose of the filter is to guarantee the safety of personnel, it must conform to
the applicable standards and be approved for use in such applications.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS IV LASERS
Class IV LASERS must be remotely controlled and activated by a key switch, in addition they must be
equipped with an attenuator and an emission warning system. For such LASERS, the manufacturer must
include a feature that enables the user to install a simple additional external LASER safety function. This
consists of a remote blocking device, i.e. a contact that, if opened, interrupts or reduces the laser emission.
The device used to switch the LASER on must be designed to prevent unauthorised personnel from
activating it. This is achieved by means of a key switch where the key may only be removed when in the
OFF position.
When LASER radiation is active, it is necessary to warn personnel that emissions are present. This is
achieved by means of an emission warning device (usually a red flashing light).
Finally, the system must always be equipped with a solution capable of interrupting the LASER beam
momentarily. This is achieved by the manufacturer of the laser source through the use of a beam attenuator
or a shutter.
POSITIONS OF CONTROLS AND LABELS
Depending on requirements, the controls must be positioned in an area where it is not possible to come into
contact with radiation, and that appropriate, standardised warning labels must be positioned so that they
are clearly visible to all personnel.
USER INSTRUCTIONS, MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES AND STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURE (SOP)
The operating instructions, which must be observed to guarantee correct use of the Laser equipment,
are important in order to ensure that the safety measures implemented by the manufacturer are not
compromised in any way, and to oblige the end user to assume responsibility for ensuring that the
protective solutions provided by the manufacturer, and those implemented on site are used correctly, and
to develop internal procedures and regulations aimed at guaranteeing the safest possible working condition
through correct conduct in the workplace. They are also designed to prevent unauthorised persons from
accessing the area where the LASER equipment processes are carried out. In particular, it is necessary to
develop a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) relating to the manoeuvres that must be carried out when
commissioning and decommissioning the device. This procedure must be displayed near the installation,
as a reference for the operator, and must be written in the operator's native language. It is essential to train
personnel as follows:
• Familiarise them with the system operating procedures;
• Provide information regarding the appropriate use of hazard control procedures, warning signs, etc.;
• Underline the need for individual protection;
• Ensure they are aware of the biological effects of the LASER on Eyes and Skin;
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION, PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (P.P.E.)
These devices must be seen as an additional safety measure to complement the protection systems
indicated in A and B, and not as the main or only safety measure! They are identified in eye protection
and it is clear that they must be very safe and with certified compliance, since they are the last barrier
between the eye and the radiation! The calculation of the eyeglass O.D. must be conducted according to
the regulatory recommendations, providing for the worst observation conditions. In any event, it is good
practice to remember that no type of eyewear can protect the eye sufficiently in the case of direct exposure
to the LASER beam!