CY8C28xxx PSoC Programmable System-on-Chip TRM, Document No. 001-52594 Rev. *G
467
Digital Clocks
25.1.3
32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator
The PSoC may be configured to use an external crystal. The
crystal oscillator is discussed in detail in the chapter
nal Crystal Oscillator (ECO)” on page 87
25.1.4
External Clock
The ability to replace the 24 MHz internal main oscillator
(IMO), as the device master system clock (SYSCLK) with an
externally supplied clock, is a feature in the PSoC mixed-
signal array (see
).
Pin P1[4] is the input pin for the external clock. This pin was
chosen because it is not associated with any special fea-
tures such as analog I/O, crystal, or In System Serial Pro-
gramming (ISSP). It is also not physically close to either the
P1[0] and P1[1] crystal pins. If P1[4] is selected as the exter-
nal clock source, the drive mode of the pin must be set to
High-Z (not High-Z analog).
The user is able to supply an external clock with a frequency
between 1 MHz and 24 MHz. The reset state of the
EXTCLKEN bit is ‘0’; and therefore, the device always boots
up under the control of the IMO. There is no way to start the
system from a reset state with the external clock.
When the EXTCLKEN bit is set, the external clock becomes
the source for the internal clock tree, SYSCLK, which drives
most PSoC device clocking functions. All external and inter-
nal signals, including the 32 kHz clock, whether derived
from the internal low speed oscillator (ILO) or the crystal
oscillator, are synchronized to this clock source. Note that
there is no glitch protection in the device for an external
clock. User should ensure that the external clock is glitch-
free. See the device datasheet for the clock specifications.
25.1.4.1
Clock Doubler
One of the blocks driven by the system clock is the clock
doubler circuit that drives the SYSCLKX2 output. This dou-
bled clock, which is 48 MHz when the IMO is the selected
clock (at 24 MHz), may be used as a clock source for the
digital PSoC blocks. When the external clock is selected, the
SYSCLKX2 signal is still available and serves as a doubler
for whatever frequency is input on the external clock pin.
Following the specification for the external clock input
ensures that the internal circuitry of the digital PSoC blocks,
which is clocked by SYSCLKX2, will meet timing require-
ments. However, because the doubled clock is generated
from both edges of the input clock, clock jitter is introduced if
the duty cycle deviates greatly from 50 percent. Also, the
high time of the clock out of the doubler is fixed at 21 ns, so
the duty cycle of SYSCLKX2 is proportional to the inverse of
the frequency, as shown in
. Regardless of the
input frequency, the high period of SYSCLKX2 is 21 ns nom-
inal.
Figure 25-2. Operation of the Clock Doubler
25.1.4.2
Switch Operation
Switching between the IMO and the external clock may be
done in firmware at any time and is transparent to the user.
Because all PSoC device resources run on clocks derived
from or synchronized to SYSCLK, when the switch is made,
analog and digital functions may be momentarily interrupted.
Switch timing depends on whether the CPU clock divider is
set for divide by 1, or divide by 2 or greater. In the case
where the CPU clock divider is set for divide by 2 or greater,
as shown in
, the setting of the EXTCLKEN bit
occurs shortly after the rising edge of SYSCLK. The SYS-
CLK output is then disabled after the next falling edge of
SYSCLK, but before the next rising edge. This ensures a
glitch-free transition and provides a full cycle of setup time
from SYSCLK to output disable. When the current clock
selection is disabled, the enable of the newly selected clock
is double synchronized to that clock. After synchronization,
on the subsequent negative edge, SYSCLK is enabled to
output the newly selected clock.
In the 24 MHz case, as shown in
, the assertion
of IOW_ and thus the setting of the EXTCLKEN bit occurs
on the falling edge of SYSCLK. Because SYSCLK is already
low, the output is immediately disabled. Therefore, the setup
time from SYSCLK to disable is one-half SYSCLK.
Extenal Clock
SYSCLKX2
21 ns Nominal
Содержание CY8C28 series
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Страница 85: ...84 CY8C28xxx PSoC Programmable System on Chip TRM Document No 001 52594 Rev G Internal Main Oscillator IMO ...
Страница 93: ...92 CY8C28xxx PSoC Programmable System on Chip TRM Document No 001 52594 Rev G External Crystal Oscillator ECO ...
Страница 97: ...96 CY8C28xxx PSoC Programmable System on Chip TRM Document No 001 52594 Rev G Phase Locked Loop PLL ...
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