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GPIB OPERATION 

4-11 

RFLV 

(continued)

 

RFLV? 

Prepares message containing information on RF Level setting in the 
following format: 

:RFLV:UNITS <unit>;TYPE <type>;VALUE <nr2>;INC 
<nr2>;<status> 

where:  <unit> is character program data defining the default RF level 

units (DBM, DBV, DBMV, DBUV, V, MV or UV), <type> is 
character program data indicating EMF or PD and <status> is a 
program mnemonic indicating whether the RF output is ON or 
OFF. 

Examples: 

:RFLV:UNITS DBM;VALUE -103.5;INC 2.0;ON 
:RFLV:UNITS DBV;TYPE EMF;VALUE -83.2;INC 0.5;ON 

RFLV:OFFS? 

 

Prepares message containing information on RF Level offsets in the 
following format: 

:CFRQ:VALUE <nr2>;:RFLV:OFFS:VALUE 
<nr2>;<status>;<activity> 

where:  <status> is a program mnemonic indicating whether the RF 

offset is ON or OFF and <activity> is a program mnemonic 
indicating whether the offset mode is enabled or disabled. 

Example: 

:CFRQ:VALUE 500000000.0;:RFLV:OFFS:VALUE -0.4;ON;ENABLE 

RFLV 

 

:HYST 

[not used alone] 

:ENABLE 

Enable Extended Hysteresis mode 

:DISABLE 

Disable Extended Hysteresis mode 

Data type : 

None 

Allowed suffices : 

None 

Default suffix : 

None 

:RFLV:HYST? 

Responds with status as follows: 

 

:RFLV:HYST:ENABLE 

 or 

:RFLV:HYST:DISABLE 

RFLV 

 

:LIMIT 

Set RF output level limit (short form) 

:VALUE 

Set RF output level limit. 

Data type : 

Decimal Numeric Program Data 

Allowed suffices : 

Any one of DBM, DBV, DBMV, DBUV, V, MV or UV 

Default suffix : 

dBm unless changed by UNITS command (see above). 

:ENABLE 

Enable RF output level limit 

:DISABLE 

Disable RF output level limit 

:SAVE 

Save RF output level limit to memory 

Data type : 

None 

Allowed suffices : 

None 

Default suffix : 

None 

RFLV:LIMIT? 

Prepares message containing information on RF level setting in the 
following format: 

:RFLV:UNITS <unit>;TYPE <type>;LIMIT:VALUE<nr2>;<status> 

where:  <unit> is character program data defining the default RF level 

units (DBM, DBV, DBMV, DBUV, V, MV or UV), <type> is 
character program data indicating EMF or PD and <status> is a 
program mnemonic indicating whether the RF level limit is 
enabled or disabled. 

Examples: 

:RFLV:UNITS DBM;LIMIT:VALUE -10.2;ENABLE 
:RFLV:UNITS V;TYPE PD;LIMIT:VALUE 0.224;DISABLE 

Содержание 2050T SERIES

Страница 1: ...DIGITAL VECTOR SIGNAL GENERATOR 2050T SERIES Operating Manual Document part no 46892 296 Issue 14 15 May 2007...

Страница 2: ...d pulse modulator Option 112 EXT MOD 2 input 600 This manual applies to instruments with software issues of 9 07 and higher Aeroflex International Ltd 2007 No part of this document may be reproduced o...

Страница 3: ...ng Appendix A Acceptance testing second modulation oscillator option Appendix B Acceptance testing pulse modulation option Appendix C Acceptance testing electronic attenuator option Annex A Option 006...

Страница 4: ...pter 4 GPIB OPERATION 4 Chapter 5 BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 5 Chapter 6 ACCEPTANCE TESTING 6 Appendix A ACCEPTANCE TESTING SECOND MODULATION OSCILLATOR OPTION 7 Appendix B ACCEPTANCE TESTING PULSE M...

Страница 5: ...e protected by the following patents GB 2030391 US 4323943 FR 80 26256 GB 2064892 US 4400630 GB 2158999 US 4672336 GB 2217542 US 5061909 EP 0322139 GB 2214012 US 4870384 GB 1601822 US 4194164 EP 01257...

Страница 6: ...fore it is connected to the supply to avoid condensation forming The equipment must only be operated within the environmental conditions specified in Chapter 1 Performance data in the Operating manual...

Страница 7: ...f incinerated Take appropriate precautions therefore in the disposal of these items WARNING Beryllia Beryllia beryllium oxide is used in the construction of some of the components in this equipment Th...

Страница 8: ...f it Pulse input Before switching the instrument on ensure that no signal voltage is present on the PULSE INPUT socket Static sensitive components This equipment contains static sensitive components w...

Страница 9: ...it tre prot g de l introduction de liquides ainsi que des pr cipitations d eau de neige etc Lorsqu on transporte cet quipement d un environnement chaud vers un environnement froid il est important de...

Страница 10: ...ez l exactitude de leur type et de leur valeur Si le cable d alimentation comporte une prise avec fusible int gr assurez vous que sa valeur est compatible avec les besoins en courant de l appareil Pou...

Страница 11: ...ransport une valuation de la charge des contraintes de l environnement et des capacit s de l individu en conformit avec la Directive Europ enne 90 269 EEC ainsi que les recommandations Nationales conc...

Страница 12: ...nsation erst nach Anpassung an die w rmere Umgebung mit dem Netz verbunden werden Das Ger t darf nur in Umgebungsbedingungen wie im Kapitel 1 Leistungsdaten Performance data der Bedienungsanleitung be...

Страница 13: ...vor giftigen Substanzen In einigen Bauelementen dieses Ger ts k nnen Epoxyharze oder andere Materialien enthalten sein die im Brandfall giftige Gase erzeugen Bei der Entsorgung m ssen deshalb entspre...

Страница 14: ...ING Schr gstellung Bei Schr gstellung des Ger ts sollten aus Stabilit tsgr nden keine anderen Ger te darauf gestellt werden Eignung f r Gebrauch Dieses Ger t wurde von Aeroflex entwickelt und hergeste...

Страница 15: ...pioggia neve ecc Qualora lo strumento venga portato da un ambiente freddo ad uno caldo importante lasciare che la temperatura all interno dello strumento si stabilizzi prima di alimentarlo per evitare...

Страница 16: ...ortati nel capitolo1 Performance data WARNING Pericolo sostanze tossiche Alcuni dei componenti usati in questo strumento possono contenere resine o altri materiali che se bruciati possono emettere fum...

Страница 17: ...d de acuerdo con la Directiva Europea 90 269 EEC y el Reglamento Nacional Asociado WARNING Posizionamento inclinato Quando lo strumento in posizione inclinata raccomandato per motivi di stabilit non s...

Страница 18: ...tante aguardar la estabilizaci n el equipo para evitar la condensaci n Solamente debe utilizarse el equipo bajo las condiciones ambientales especificadas en el Cap tulo 1 Especificaciones o Performanc...

Страница 19: ...nas u otro tipo de materiales que al arder produjeran sustancias t xicas Por tanto tome las debidas precauciones en la manipulaci n de esas piezas WARNING Berilio Berilio xido de berilio Este material...

Страница 20: ...Si utiliza el equipo en posici n inclinada se recomienda por razones de estabilidad no apilar otros equipos encima de l Idoneidad de uso Este equipo ha sido dise ado y fabricado por Aeroflex para gene...

Страница 21: ...4 Vector modulation 1 4 Digital modulation 1 5 Incrementing 1 5 Sweep 1 6 Non volatile memory 1 6 Programming 1 6 Software protection 1 6 Spectral purity 1 6 Calibration 1 6 Options 1 7 Performance da...

Страница 22: ...rom a remote controller or personal computer The instruments can therefore be used manually or as part of a fully automated test system These instruments are suitable for a wide range of applications...

Страница 23: ...ively selection may be made via the General Purpose Interface Bus GPIB Frequency resolution is 0 1 Hz across the band Carrier frequencies can be stored in a non volatile memory with complete recall wh...

Страница 24: ...digital transmission Amplitude modulation with a bandwidth of typically greater than 50 kHz and with modulation depths of up to 99 9 is available with a resolution of 0 1 Pulse modulation is available...

Страница 25: ...sed cosine filter with of 0 35 Modulation formats Generic modulation types can be selected which include Phase Shift Keying PSK Differential PSK DPSK Phase Offset DPSK i e 4 DQPSK Time Offset PSK OQPS...

Страница 26: ...key sequence Two levels of protection are offered appropriate to the function being accessed The most secure is reserved for features which alter the calibration data of the instrument Spectral purit...

Страница 27: ...erates sweeps whose step size step time and RF level change while the sweep is in progress These features are particularly useful for EMC Tempest and ATE applications Option 012 Electronic attenuator...

Страница 28: ...en advanced digital mode is selected Selectable overrange mode Allows uncalibrated output levels to 19 dBm to be generated in analog mode Selectable extended hysteresis Provides for uncalibrated RF le...

Страница 29: ...arrier frequency of 500 MHz M on AM Typically less than 0 1 radian at a carrier frequency of 500 MHz for 30 AM depth for modulation rates up to 10 kHz Spectral purity digital and vector modes In digit...

Страница 30: ...to 20 kHz Less than 0 3 at 10 of maximum deviation for modulation frequencies up to 20 kHz Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets Wideband FM Deviation As FM Indi...

Страница 31: ...are available External data Accepts data as a serial or parallel input from a 25 way AUXILIARY D type connector on the rear panel Accepts symbols containing 1 to 8 data bits with internally or externa...

Страница 32: ...rol turns the RF on over a time interval corresponding to three data symbols Propagation delay is matched to the data path delay Can be used at the same time as the ENVELOPE input ON OFF ratio Greater...

Страница 33: ...ctor modulation The IF output can be inhibited by software control The IF output can be used to provide modulated carriers at higher frequencies by external frequency conversion The RF output from the...

Страница 34: ...is internally connected via 10 k pull up resistor to 5 V Frequency standard Frequency 10 MHz Temperature stability Better than 5 in 108 over the operating range of 0 to 50 C Warm up time Within 2 in 1...

Страница 35: ...V ON OFF ratio Better than 70 dB Input impedance 50 nominal Option 105 Slow rise time pulse modulation Modifies pulse modulation option for a typical rise and fall time of 1 s Option 6 Avionics See A...

Страница 36: ...supply lead see Power cords Chap 2 46882 296 Operating manual this manual for 2050T series Optional accessories 46880 078 Service manual for 2050T series 43139 042 RF connector cable double screened...

Страница 37: ...050 2051 2052 1 2 4 6 8 12 100 101 102 105 108 112 is in conformity with the following EC directive s including all applicable amendments Reference No Title 2006 95 EC Low Voltage Directive 2004 108 E...

Страница 38: ...s connection 2 7 Auxiliary I O connector 2 8 Modulation data 2 8 Power supply outputs 2 8 Auxiliary outputs 2 9 Rack mounting 2 9 Routine maintenance 2 10 Safety testing and inspection 2 10 Battery re...

Страница 39: ...peratures and reduce the instrument reliability so its performance may not meet specification Class I power cords 3 core General When the equipment has to be plugged into a Class II ungrounded 2 termi...

Страница 40: ...outlets The lead should not be used in Denmark given that the earth connection will not be made Fran ais Le c ble d alimentation d Europe Continentale est muni d un connecteur m le angle droit type C...

Страница 41: ...aschio C 3b o tramite clips laterali C 2b quest ultima comunemente detta di tipo tedesca Schuko Questa spina quando collegata ad una presa Schuko non polarizzata Il cavo pu essere usato in Austria Bel...

Страница 42: ...voltage selector switch which is an integral part of the supply connector at the rear of the instrument Voltage selector The selected voltage is displayed in a window at the top of the connector The...

Страница 43: ...s an optional accessory see Chap 1 Accessories may be used GPIB connector contact assignments The contact assignments of the GPIB cable connector and the device connector are as shown in Fig 2 2 Conta...

Страница 44: ...s connection The cables for the interface bus use special male female connectors at both ends This allows several connectors to be stacked one on top of another permitting several cables to be connect...

Страница 45: ...X D0 D1 D2 Burst control X X X X D0 D1 D2 D3 Burst control X X X D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 Burst control X X D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Burst control X D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Burst control D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 where X...

Страница 46: ...S compatible The aux enable input needs to be set to a logical high to enable the outputs Rack mounting The instrument which is normally supplied for bench mounting may be mounted in a standard 19 inc...

Страница 47: ...equipment and hence should be subject to safety inspections on an annual basis If the use of the equipment is contrary to the conditions specified you should review the safety re test interval As a g...

Страница 48: ...such repairs Safety critical components should only be replaced with equivalent parts using techniques and procedures recommended by Aeroflex The above information is provided for guidance only Aerofl...

Страница 49: ...vent cleaners Cleaning the LCD window To prevent damage to the LCD window care should be taken not to scratch the surface during use and also when cleaning The LCD window should be cleaned by wiping a...

Страница 50: ...3 16 Digital modulation 3 16 Setting the output carrier 3 16 Self calibration 3 16 Setting the digital modulation system 3 17 Modulation type and system selection 3 17 Storing a user defined system 3...

Страница 51: ...5 Vector modulation 3 45 Setting the output carrier 3 45 Self calibration 3 45 Modulation configuration 3 46 Mixer selection 3 47 IQ input impedance selection 3 47 Pulse input selection applies if Opt...

Страница 52: ...y blanking 3 76 Power up options 3 76 RF level units 3 77 LF level units 3 78 RF level utility 3 78 Low frequency operation 3 83 LF monitor 3 83 Modulation source monitoring 3 83 Modulation drive moni...

Страница 53: ...igital modulation Modulation system menu with test tones selected 3 30 Fig 3 28 Digital modulation Data Timing control menu 3 31 Fig 3 29 Digital modulation Internal data selection menu with PRBS sele...

Страница 54: ...lities selection menu 2 3 74 Fig 3 73 Calibration utilities menu 3 75 Fig 3 74 RF level units selection menu shown unlocked to level 1 3 77 Fig 3 75 LF level units selection menu shown unlocked to lev...

Страница 55: ...tion a numerical key pad and a rotary control knob see Fig 3 1 The hard keys have functions which do not change whereas the soft key functions are determined by the menu which is being displayed The n...

Страница 56: ...des a low impedance output at the frequency selected at the LF GENERATOR MENU or monitors the modulating signal ENVELOPE IN In both vector and digital modes enables a control voltage to vary the RF OU...

Страница 57: ...FM IN BNC socket accepts a wide bandwidth FM signal into 50 with a typical bandwidth of 10 MHz 6 FREQ STD IN OUT BNC socket for standard frequencies at 1 5 or 10 MHz with a nominal 2 V pk pk level int...

Страница 58: ...reen regardless of the current working position within the menu hierarchy As the display changes from one menu to another so the 12 soft keys assume those functions necessary to drive the instrument f...

Страница 59: ...rrier Freq is highlighted i e the line bordering the label is increased in thickness to about 1 mm which means that anything entered at this stage will change the carrier frequency 4 If necessary adju...

Страница 60: ...ed either in steps using the key and the key or continously with the control knob Select Carrier Freq and observe that the effect of pressing the and keys is to change the carrier frequency in steps o...

Страница 61: ...at the Sig Gen menu by pressing RF Level and entering the required value on the numerical key pad The value can then be incremented or decremented using the control knob and its associated keys KNOB U...

Страница 62: ...lation can be applied in PSK FSK GMSK and QAM formats with specified channel filter characteristics Advanced digital In the advanced digital mode of operation the instrument has improved adjacent chan...

Страница 63: ...erent modulation mode 1 Press UTIL Utilities Selection Menu 1 will appear on the display 2 Press the Mod n Mode key This calls up the Modulation Mode Selection Menu shown in Fig 3 6 The six possible m...

Страница 64: ...M Carrier Freq RF Level dBm Single Composite Mode Modulation ENABLED MHz Int Std 10 MHz FM1 FM1 Int F4 1 0000 kHz Int F2 400 0 Hz Hz ON kHz ON 2 700 000 0000 144 0 ON 500 2 50 C0485 M Fig 3 7 Sig Gen...

Страница 65: ...band LOWER IF 132 MHz Envelope DISABLED Fading DISABLED IQ Errors DISABLED Type 4 DQPSK Rate 18 0000 kHz Filter Root Nyquist Alpha 0 35 DATA Internal PRBS n 15 dBm Digital Mod n Mode Modulation ENABLE...

Страница 66: ...is displayed instead LOCAL Symbol Rate Select System Select Mod Type Filter Type Filter Alpha Store to USER n C2432 Digital Modulation System Menu Current System NADC Modulation Type 4 DQPSK Symbol S...

Страница 67: ...DIGITAL MODULATION MODE 3 18 Fig 3 10 Summary of digital modulation system selection...

Страница 68: ...m NADC Modulation Type 4 DQPSK Symbol Size 2 bits Symbol Rate 24 3000 kHz Filter Type Root Nyquist Filter Alpha 0 35 Fig 3 11 Digital modulation Modulation system select menu with NADC D AMPS selected...

Страница 69: ...NADC PDC CDPD or GSM respectively selects NADC D AMPS PDC CPDP or GSM as the current modulation system Menu exit Pressing EXIT returns to the Digital Modulation System Select menu Fig 3 11 Paging sys...

Страница 70: ...ow which allows POCSAG or CITYRUF systems with a specific bit rate to be selected Fig 3 15 Digital modulation POCSAG systems select menu with POCSAG selected Fig 3 16 Digital modulation CITYRUF system...

Страница 71: ...K Mobitex MC9 or Modacom as the current modulation Selecting MD Bt 0 3 or MD Bt 0 5 displays a further menu see Fig 3 18 and Fig 3 19 respectively below which allows MD systems with a specific bit rat...

Страница 72: ...nic Satellite systems selection Pressing the Avionic Sat key displays the Avionic Satellite Systems Select menu shown in Fig 3 20 Fig 3 20 Digital modulation Avionic Satellite systems select menu with...

Страница 73: ...RR 16 0KB s selects Digital Short Range Radio as the current modulation system with the appropriate bit rate Menu exit Pressing EXIT returns to the Digital Modulation System Select menu Fig 3 11 Press...

Страница 74: ...4 DQPSK Fig 3 22 Digital modulation Modulation type selection menu with 4 DQPSK selected Selecting QAM PSK or FSK displays a further menu see Fig 3 23 3 24 or 3 25 respectively below Pressing GMSK sel...

Страница 75: ...system consisting of 2 4 6 or 8 bits per symbol organised as square constellations Menu exit Pressing EXIT returns to the Digital Modulation Type Selection menu Fig 3 22 PSK selection menu For phase s...

Страница 76: ...IT returns to the Digital Modulation Type Selection menu Fig 3 22 Symbol rate setting The symbol source can either be internally generated or sourced externally from the rear panel AUXILIARY IN OUT co...

Страница 77: ...sed Cosine or Root Raised Cosine filter has been selected from the Channel Filter Selection menu the of the filter can be set Press the Filter Alpha key enter the numeric value of and terminate with t...

Страница 78: ...filter selection PSK QAM 1 9 34 0 kHz 1 9 25 0 kHz Nyquist Root Nyquist Gaussian FSK 1 9 25 0 kHz Nyquist Root Nyquist FSK GMSK 512 Hz 25 0 kHz Gaussian OQPSK 1 9 16 0 kHz All filters The band pass 3...

Страница 79: ...dulation Configuration menu see Fig 3 40 below the test tones generated at the I and Q IN OUT sockets are sine waves at a selected frequency and phase angle If the test tones are set to generate equal...

Страница 80: ...8 Digital modulation Data Timing control menu Data Data input may be selected between external i e connected to the rear panel AUXILIARY IN OUT connector and internal i e generated by the instrument a...

Страница 81: ...al clock input and one being generated internally To change the bit clock polarity press Bit Clk Polarity to toggle between positive and negative edge triggering Menu exit Press SIG GEN to return to t...

Страница 82: ...se in frequency results in the rotation of a vector in a counter clockwise direction PSK For PSK the codes are mapped to specific points which are independant of the previous states For all the forms...

Страница 83: ...eference phase ie as the I axis when deciding the next mapping point In the case of differential BPSK a logical 0 results in a static phase while a logical 1 results in a continuous string of 180 phas...

Страница 84: ...diagram where n is the number of bits per symbol The phase of the previous state is used as the reference phase for the next state Phase offset 2 differential BPSK The phase offset 2 differential BPS...

Страница 85: ...AM For each of the following state diagrams each state is labelled with a decimal number The decimal number is the condition of the data applied to the AUXILIARY I O connector e g for 16QAM state 14 i...

Страница 86: ...Fig 3 37 4QAM constellation 16QAM The 16QAM constellation is shown in Fig 3 38 Fig 3 38 16QAM constellation 1 1 STATE 0 STATE 8 STATE 2 STATE 10 STATE 4 STATE 12 STATE 6 STATE 14 STATE 1 STATE 9 STAT...

Страница 87: ...2 1 n 1 last value Negative values of I and Q are the same except for the sign FSK The symbol mapping of the signal is as follows 2FSK Data Nominal frequency 1 carrier frequency deviation 0 carrier fr...

Страница 88: ...ATA IQ INTERNAL DATA IQ OUTPUT ENABLE Q I RF OUTPUT PULSE INPUT C1660 ENVELOPE EXTERNAL DATA 2050 1 2 SYNTH IF SOURCE Fig 3 39 Simplified block diagram Digital mode with internal mixing LOCAL Int Ext...

Страница 89: ...to produce higher frequencies than those available internally When set to internal mixer the IF output is disabled When set to external mixer the IF output is enabled and appears at the rear panel IF...

Страница 90: ...red IF repetitively press the IF Freq Select key which cycles through the selections 120 MHz 132 MHz 160 MHz 176 MHz and AUTO IF as shown by the display When AUTO is selected the automatically chosen...

Страница 91: ...he two types of fading by pressing the Rayleigh Fading or Rician Fading key Doppler speed for Rayleigh fading and the scattered path for Rician fading can be entered using the Doppler Speed key To set...

Страница 92: ...individually set as follows To set the IQ skew error press the IQ Skew key and enter the error in the range 0 to 20 to a resolution of 0 1 Terminate the entry with the enter key To set the IQ gain imb...

Страница 93: ...carrier output frequency and level are set by pressing the Carrier Freq and RF Level keys respectively and entering the values in the normal way Self calibration To achieve the high precision of the...

Страница 94: ...Mode Modulation ENABLED MHz Int Std 10 MHz 2 700 000 0000 138 0 ON C1627 Fig 3 45 Sig Gen menu in vector modulation mode Setting the output carrier In vector modulation mode the carrier output frequen...

Страница 95: ...own in Fig 3 47 to be displayed RF OUTPUT PULSE INPUT 2050 1 2 SYNTH MODULATOR I C1658 Q ENVELOPE IF SOURCE Fig 3 46 Simplified block diagram Vector mode with internal mixing LOCAL Int Ext Mixer IQ I...

Страница 96: ...ator for external frequency multiplication and mixing with the IF to produce higher frequencies than those available internally When set to internal mixer the IF output is disabled When set to externa...

Страница 97: ...ings which are unacceptable depending on carrier frequency are disallowed and an error message is displayed To select the required IF repetitively press the IF Freq Select key which cycles through the...

Страница 98: ...ath for Rician fading can be entered using the Doppler Speed key To set the direct scattered path ratio for Rician fading press the Path Ratio key enter the path ratio in dB positive or negative and t...

Страница 99: ...ting the modulation The type of analog modulation required AM FM M wideband and optional pulse modulation can be selected by soft keys at the Sig Gen menu Four analog modulation modes are available se...

Страница 100: ...in the lower half of the screen Selecting wideband frequency modulation 1 At the Sig Gen menu press Wideband FM The Wideband FM box will be highlighted 2 The value can be changed via the key pad and f...

Страница 101: ...be achieved by pressing CTCSS see SIGNALLING Pressing Mod Src Phase displays the LF Source Phase Control menu see Fig 3 52 The LF source phase angle can be varied from 180 to 180 The pictograms at the...

Страница 102: ...if the currently selected source is external This menu allows the choice of two input sockets EXT MOD 1 INPUT and EXT MOD 2 INPUT and AC ALC or DC coupling by pressing the appropriate soft key The pi...

Страница 103: ...l method is that when a new carrier frequency or RF level is entered the RF ALC system is enabled and a CW signal is generated The generator then sets up the digitally derived control signal so that i...

Страница 104: ...elected The Pulse On Off key can be used to disable or enable the pulse modulator without enabling the RF ALC system The MOD ON OFF key will also disable or enable the modulator the status being shown...

Страница 105: ...ed as follows 1 At the Sig Gen menu press Low Intermod 2 This causes either Low Intermodulation Disabled or Low Intermodulation Enabled to be displayed in the lower panel 3 Press the MOD ON OFF key to...

Страница 106: ...n displays the Tone Standard Selection Menu with the current standard highlighted To select from further lists of 16 tones press CTCSS2 or USER The Tone Standard Selection Menu changes to show the new...

Страница 107: ...adecimal data entry keys to appear at the left hand side of the menu To change the sequence enter the tone numbers via the digits 0 9 on the numerical key pad and the soft keys A to F and press enter...

Страница 108: ...his key allows a tone sequence to be set up using the digits 0 9 on the numerical key pad and the soft keys A B C D and The sequence entry is terminated by pressing enter Tone Duration The default dur...

Страница 109: ...IR C0012 Tone 0 1 9810 kHz Tone 1 1 1240 kHz Tone 2 1 1970 kHz Tone 3 1 2750 kHz Tone 4 1 3580 kHz Tone 5 1 4460 kHz Tone 6 1 5400 kHz Tone 7 1 6400 kHz Tone 8 1 7470 kHz Tone 9 1 8600 kHz Tone A 2 00...

Страница 110: ...MP working space using the top left soft key shown CCIR to TEMP in Fig 3 60 and often this is a convenient way to start particularly when the user defined system is similar to one of the standard syst...

Страница 111: ...as the keyed in value RF Shift Carrier Shift LOCAL FM ON OFF FM Shift Int F4 Shift Return Value Transfer Value Set Steps AM Carrier Freq RF Level dB Single Modulation Mode Modulation ENABLED Hz Int St...

Страница 112: ...able are Carrier frequency with or without modulation RF level Internal modulation rate LF frequency if in LF generator mode LF level if in LF generator mode The sweep can be operated in single shot o...

Страница 113: ...y 2 Press Sweep Type The Sweep Type Menu is displayed see Fig 3 63 LF Level Sweep LF Freq Sweep LOCAL Carrier Sweep RF Level Sweep Int F4 Sweep Sweep Off EXIT Sweep Type Menu C0052 Current Sweep Type...

Страница 114: ...erical key pad and the appropriate terminator key Stop value 1 Select the appropriate soft key to enter the stop value e g Stop Freq 2 Enter the required stop value via the numerical key pad and the a...

Страница 115: ...arker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 4 Marker 5 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 0 dBm OFF dBm OFF dBm OFF dBm OFF dBm OFF Fig 3 65 Sweep markers menu To set a marker press one of the marker soft keys e g Marker 3 ente...

Страница 116: ...solid bar increments to show the sweep progression see Fig 3 66 LOCAL Stop Sweep Abort Sweep Level Start Level Stop Sweep Status SWEEPING Sweep Mode INTERNAL SINGLE Sweep Type RF LEVEL Number of Step...

Страница 117: ...AT 6 4 dBm Sweep Mode INTERNAL SINGLE Sweep Type RF LEVEL Number of Steps Step Time dBm dBm ms 144 0 13 0 1000 50 C1901 Fig 3 67 Sweep stopped RF Level Carrier Freq LOCAL FM ON OFF Select Source FM D...

Страница 118: ...es Selection Menu 2 from the menu press Utils Menu 2 LOCAL Display Adjust Mod n Mode GPIB Address Calling Tones Carrier Phase Int Ext Standard Aux O P Control Hardware Status Software Status External...

Страница 119: ...The external TRIGGER input requires a TTL type input and includes an internal pull up resistor to 5 V A switch closure to ground or an applied voltage transition from 5 V to 0 V on the rear panel sock...

Страница 120: ...ilities The signal generator can be set to operate from an external standard or from the internal standard with or without the standard being provided on the rear panel FREQ STD IN OUT connector The m...

Страница 121: ...user should be aware that changing a parameter may affect latches associated with other functions in particular changing the carrier frequency is likely to update latches associated with modulation a...

Страница 122: ...the cursor from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1 the new 8 or 16 bit value is written to the latch latches immediately Next Latch Previous Latch increments decrements the Latch Number by 1 2 3 or 5 as selected by 1 2...

Страница 123: ...will only be usable in a read only mode To change parameters the function must be unlocked The procedure is UTIL Utils Menu 2 Lock Unlock Function Unlocking Utility menu Unlock Level 1 or for servici...

Страница 124: ...allowing data to be sent to latches within the instrument For further information consult the Service Manual Elapsed time The elapsed time facility displays the number of operating hours since the fu...

Страница 125: ...returns to the main menu which indicates the locked status by displaying a key shaped icon in the top left hand corner of the display The keyboard can be re enabled by entering the 4 digit password f...

Страница 126: ...u shown in Fig 3 74 To change the default RF level units shown at switch on first unlock the instrument to Level 1 This causes an additional soft key to be displayed in the top left box see Fig 3 74 S...

Страница 127: ...see Fig 3 75 Select the required LF level units and press the additional Save LF Units key to save these as the default units Save LF Units Exit dBV EMF dBm LOCAL LF Level Units Selection Menu C0328 L...

Страница 128: ...d to adjust the RF level the normal attenuator changes are suppressed When the level is increased the attenuator change is suppressed for 6 dB above the normal range and HYST is displayed Similarly wh...

Страница 129: ...in a different way to the normal operation and this will affect some performance aspects AM distortion and accuracy will be affected With no AM selected the effect on RF accuracy in the HYST region wi...

Страница 130: ...ng losses or to standardize a group of instruments so that they give identical measurements the RF output level can be offset by up to 2 dB This is done by selecting Offset Value and either keying in...

Страница 131: ...sted output level is in the overrange region the uncal message is displayed on the Sig Gen menu The RF level limit is set by selecting RF Level Limit and entering the value required Units may be V mV...

Страница 132: ...on the display The modulating signal output is fed to the LF OUTPUT socket at a fixed level of 1 V Modulation drive monitoring Modulation drive monitoring is intended for the user to monitor complex...

Страница 133: ...available to the signal generator while the LF generator is in use If a second oscillator is fitted only one is available to the signal generator LF frequency and LF level are adjusted by pressing the...

Страница 134: ...plus one increment and the LF Generator Monitor setting Inhibit ON OFF provides the option not to recall the carrier frequency setting The state of the option is indicated on the display There are 50...

Страница 135: ...ction in that pressing the key a second time displays the Memory Stepping menu shown in Fig 3 83 This facility enables the memory to be stepped up and down from a start location selected using the Mem...

Страница 136: ...contents a store protection facility is provided If this feature is enabled the screen legend will indicate Store Protect ON and the store key legends at the right of the screen will not appear Sequen...

Страница 137: ...digital and vector modes the parameters are stored in place of the analog modulation parameters Partial store This is a less comprehensive store of only those parameters which currently affect the RF...

Страница 138: ...and a sequence of up to 1024 hops may be entered The time interval between hops can also be entered Before executing a carrier hopping sequence the frequencies must be loaded into the carrier frequenc...

Страница 139: ...any precalculation if required SWEEP HALT pause the hopping sequence SWEEP UP go up to the next step while paused SWEEP DN go down to previous step while paused SWEEP CONT continue hopping sequence SW...

Страница 140: ...o single sweep internal trigger continuous sweep internal trigger or external sweep external trigger by using the following commands SWEEP MODE SNGL SWEEP MODE CONT SWEEP MODE EXT For externally trigg...

Страница 141: ...used by incorrect programming are displayed at the top of the screen and may also generate a Service Request if the relevant status registers are set GPIB errors are listed in Table 3 4 Error display...

Страница 142: ...9 exe WBFM limited by Carrier 15 dde IQ MOD AUTOCAL REQUIRED 20 exe AM2 limited by AM1 21 exe FM2 limited by FM1 26 dde Real Time Clock Problem 22 exe PM2 limited by PM1 27 dde Calibration Date Expire...

Страница 143: ...xe PM Step Too Big 72 exe Sweep Steps Out of Range 68 exe Invalid Latch Number 73 exe Sweep Time Out of Range 69 exe Invalid Latch Data 74 exe Sweep Marker Out of Range 70 exe Sweep Start Out of Range...

Страница 144: ...eep Not Possible 131 exe Unknown Cal Point 136 exe Unknown Freq Standard 132 exe Unknown RF Band 137 exe User Data Locked 133 exe Unknown Instrument Mode 138 exe Trigger Unknown 134 exe User Data Chec...

Страница 145: ...ation 4 29 Amplitude modulation 4 30 Wideband FM 4 31 Pulse modulation 4 32 Modulation frequency 4 33 CTCSS tones edit 4 34 Sequential tones 4 35 LF control 4 37 LF generator frequency 4 38 LF generat...

Страница 146: ...ommands and queries These allow various device functions to be controlled and operating parameters to be set In the talk mode device status information and parameter settings can be read from the inst...

Страница 147: ...DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM DATA CHARACTER PROGRAM DATA SUFFIX PROGRAM DATA STRING PROGRAM DATA ARBITRARY BLOCK PROGRAM DATA Device talking elements The following is a list of the device talking elements...

Страница 148: ...Compound headers The 2050T Series implements compound headers which allow a complex set of commands to be built up from a small set of basic elements in a tree and branch structure The elements of a...

Страница 149: ...units The 2050T Series have input buffer stores of 256 characters and an output buffer of two response message units Remote local operation When the 2050T Series Signal Generator is addressed by the...

Страница 150: ...D Protected User Data Query Returns the User Data as a Definite Block Response Example 221Inventory Number 1234 STB Read Status Byte Query Returns the value of the Status Byte as an nr1 number 0 255 S...

Страница 151: ...wing meanings char Character Program Data nrf Decimal Numeric Program Data str String Program Data Where the data format is Decimal Numeric Program Data the value may be expressed as a signed or unsig...

Страница 152: ...RF level Mode Single internal RF level sweep Start Stop Steps Time 144 dBm 10 dBm 100 50 ms Markers 2 4 6 8 10 dBm disabled Carrier freq sweep Start Stop Steps Time 100 MHz Maximum available 250 50 ms...

Страница 153: ...e of GHZ MHZ KHZ or HZ Default suffix HZ UP Go UP one step DN Go DOWN one step RET Return to original setting XFER Transfer current value to be the new setting Data type None Allowed suffices None Def...

Страница 154: ...ces None Default suffix None TYPE Selects EMF or PD for voltage related units Data type Character Program Data EMF or PD Allowed suffices None Default suffix None UNITS Select default RF level units D...

Страница 155: ...LE Enable Extended Hysteresis mode DISABLE Disable Extended Hysteresis mode Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None RFLV HYST Responds with status as follows RFLV HYST ENABLE or RFLV...

Страница 156: ...he 1 may be omitted for example FM is equivalent to FM1 Order is not important for example AM FM is equivalent to FM AM For instruments without pulse modulation Option 002 fitted select Low Intermodul...

Страница 157: ...cter Program Data any one of MHZ120 MHZ132 MHZ160 MHZ176 AUTO Allowed suffices None Default suffix None MODPOL Select modulation polarity control Data type Character Program Data either NORMAL or INVE...

Страница 158: ...Program Data Allowed suffices DB only Default suffix DB ERROR not used alone ENABLE Enable IQ modulator errors DISABLE Disable IQ modulator errors Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix N...

Страница 159: ...Hz ALPHA Set filter alpha Data type Decimal Numeric Program Data Allowed suffices None Default suffix None THREE_DB Set filter 3 dB Data type Decimal Numeric Program Data Allowed suffices Any one of...

Страница 160: ...Default suffix None EXT_PAR not used alone DATAPOL Select external paralled data and specify the data polarity Data type Character Program Data either NORMAL or INVERSE Allowed suffices None Default s...

Страница 161: ...L or INVERSE Allowed suffices None Default suffix None CLOCK Select internal prbs data and specify the clock source Data type Character Program Data any one of INT_SYM EXT_SYM EXT_BIT Allowed suffices...

Страница 162: ...ING Prepares message containing information on DIGITAL modulation fading setting in the following format DIGITAL FADING CTRL status SPEED nr2 DIR_DOPP nr2 RATIO nr2 where status is character program d...

Страница 163: ..._DB 1200 DIGITAL Prepares message containing information on the data and timing selected in one of the following formats DIGITAL EXT_SER DATAPOL status BITSTAT status BITPOL status SYMSTAT status SYMP...

Страница 164: ...ion on the test tone Q amplitude setting in the following format DIGITAL T_TONES Q_AMP nr2 Example DIGITAL T_TONES Q_AMP 0 500 T_TONES Q_DC Prepares message containing information on the test tone Q D...

Страница 165: ...haracter Program Data any one of MHZ120 MHZ132 MHZ160 MHZ176 AUTO Allowed suffices None Default suffix None MODPOL Select modulation polarity control Data type Character Program Data either NORMAL or...

Страница 166: ...ric Program Data Allowed suffices DB only Default suffix DB ERROR not used alone ENABLE Enable IQ modulator errors DISABLE Disable IQ modulator errors Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suff...

Страница 167: ...es None Default suffix None SYMPOL Select external serial data and specify the symbol clock polarity Data type Character Program Data either POS_EDGE or NEG_EDGE Allowed suffices None Default suffix N...

Страница 168: ...e Character Program Data any one of INT_SYM EXT_SYM EXT_BIT Allowed suffices None Default suffix None CLOCKPOL Select internal prbs data and specify the clock polarity Data type Character Program Data...

Страница 169: ...the carrier leakage error setting in the following format DIGITAL LEAK VALUE nr2 status where status is a program mnemonic indicating whether the carrier leakage error is ON or OFF Example DIGITAL LEA...

Страница 170: ...Z176 AUTO Allowed suffices None Default suffix None MODPOL Select modulation polarity control Data type Character Program Data either NORMAL or INVERSE Allowed suffices None Default suffix None ENVELO...

Страница 171: ...s where status is character program data for the specified mnemonic Example VECTOR MODOPT SBAND LOWER IF MHZ176 MODPOL NORMAL ENVELOPE ENABLED CONFIG Prepares message containing information on VECTOR...

Страница 172: ...Return to original setting XFER Transfer current value to be the new setting DCFMNL Perform DC FM WBFM null operation Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Examples FM DEVN 25KHZ IN...

Страница 173: ...one step RETN Return to original setting XFER Transfer current value to be the new setting Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Examples PM DEVN 2 5RAD INTF4 ON PM1 DEVN 1 5RAD IN...

Страница 174: ...Return to original setting XFER Transfer current value to be the new setting Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Examples AM DEPTH 30PCT INTF4 ON AM1 DEPTH 40PCT EXT1DC ON AM or...

Страница 175: ...ne Allowed suffices None Default suffix None DCFMNL Perform DC FM WBFM null operation Examples WBFM DEVN 10MHZ ON AC WBFM DEVN 13MHZ ON DC DCFMNL WBFM Prepares message containing information on Wideba...

Страница 176: ...N PULSE OFF PULSE CAL DISABLE PULSE Prepares message containing information on Pulse Modulation setting in the following format PULSE CAL status where status is a program mnemonic indicating whether t...

Страница 177: ...fices DEG Default suffix DEG CTC1 Select tone number 0 to 15 from Continuous Tone Group 1 CTC2 Select tone number 0 to 15 from Continuous Tone Group 2 USER Select tone number 0 to 15 from Continuous T...

Страница 178: ...uffix HZ LOAD Copy Standard to TEMP for editing Data type Character Program Data any one of CTC1 CTC2 or USER Allowed suffices None Default suffix None SAVE Save TEMP to USER after editing for non vol...

Страница 179: ...sequence Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None MODE not used alone STD Select Tones standard Data type Character Program Data any one of CCIR EURO DZVEI ZVEI1 ZVEI2 EEA EIA NATEL TE...

Страница 180: ...to USER1 or USER2 Data type Character Program Data either USER1 or USER2 Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Examples SEQT SEQ 12245B7 DUR E SEQT MODE STD CCIR MOD TOTAL_FM SEQT PARAM EXTD 200M...

Страница 181: ...urn LF output ON OFF Turn LF output OFF GEN Select LF Generator Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None MON Select source monitor mode Data type Character Program Data any one of AM1S...

Страница 182: ...ult suffix HZ UP Go UP one step DN Go DOWN one step RETN Return to original setting XFER Transfer current value to be the new setting SIN Select sinusoidal waveform TRI Select triangle wave Data type...

Страница 183: ...ing XFER Transfer current value to be the new setting Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None UNITS Select default LF level units Data type Character Program Data DBM DBV DBMV V MV or...

Страница 184: ...ncy PART Recall Partial 0 49 PXCF Recall Partial 0 49 without carrier frequency CFRQ Recall Carrier Freq 0 99 SEQT Recall Sequential Tones Sequence 0 19 SWEEP Recall Sweep 0 19 Data type Decimal Numer...

Страница 185: ...nerator Frequency sweep parameter entry where cmd is replaced by one of the commands START STOP STEP TIME MKRNUM MKRON MKROFF or VALUE LFGL nost used alone cmd Select LF Generator Level sweep paramete...

Страница 186: ...es message containing information on Carrier Frequency Sweep settings in the following format SWEEP CFRQ START nr2 STOP nr2 STEP nr1 TIME nr1 Sample response SWEEP CFRQ START 1230000 0 STOP 1330000 0...

Страница 187: ...0 STEP 120 TIME 10 VALUE Prepares message containing information on the current LF generator level marker settings in the following format SWEEP LFGL MKRNUM nr1 VALUE nr2 status where status is a prog...

Страница 188: ...rogram Data any one of OFF CFRQ RFLV LFGF LFGL INTF1 INTF2 INTF3 INTF4 INTF5 INTF6 HOP or OFF Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Examples SWEEP MODE SNGL TYPE CFRQ SWEEP MODE CONT TYPE INTF4 SW...

Страница 189: ...le paused DN Go DOWN one sweep step while paused Data type None Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Examples SWEEP GO SWEEP RESET Frequency hopping HOPSEQ Enter frequency hopping sequence Data t...

Страница 190: ...isplay The number sent after the command determines the action to be taken as follows 0 blank or unblank the Carrier Frequency display 1 blank or unblank the RF Level display 2 blank or unblank the Mo...

Страница 191: ...ned is either that of the next error number or 0 if the queue is empty or 255 if the queue is full Example 37 DEVTRG Set Device Trigger Function action on receipt of TRG Data type Character Program Da...

Страница 192: ...may be set by SRE or read by SRE If the bitwise AND of the Status Byte and the Enable Register is non zero the Flag Master Summary Status mss is True Bit 6 of the Status byte value read by STB holds...

Страница 193: ...ion Filter determines which transition of the Condition Register data bits will set the corresponding bit in the Event Register Either positive going negative going or both transitions can set bits in...

Страница 194: ...xe d e opc opc opc d e 7 7 3 5 5 1 1 6 6 2 2 4 4 3 0 0 Transition Filter Condition Register Status Register C0069 Positive transition sets status Enable Register OR pon power on urq user request used...

Страница 195: ...Write Commands Positive transition sets status d0 reverse power protection tripped d8 IF loop out of lock d1 fractional n system out of lock d9 not used d2 vcxo out of lock d10 16 26 reference too hig...

Страница 196: ...d3 d2 d1 d0 d15 d14 d3 d2 d1 d0 d0 d1 d2 d3 d14 d15 OR d 0 rf level restricted by requested am d 1 fm restricted by requested carrier frequency d 2 widebandfm restricted by requested carrier frequenc...

Страница 197: ...ts status OR Negative Enable Register d d 7 6 d d 5 4 d d 3 2 d d 1 0 d d 1 0 d d2 3 d d 5 4 d d 7 6 d d 7 6 d d 5 4 d d2 3 d d 1 0 e e 7 6 e e 5 4 e e2 3 e e 1 0 Condition SCR Event Status SSR d 0 sw...

Страница 198: ...t from all Error Conditions Response to ERROR Data from Output Queue erb mss mav hsb ssb csb esb The mav status bit is set when one or more bytes are available to be read from the Output Queue The erb...

Страница 199: ...ores data sent by SRE and always returns 0 in response to SRE rqs esb and mav are defined in IEEE 488 2 erb is a device defined queue summary bit indicating that the error queue is non empty mss is tr...

Страница 200: ...indicating that the error queue is non empty rqs is set by a request for service and is cleared by the poll esb is the standard event register summary bit mav is message available indicating that the...

Страница 201: ...ndition Register CSE nrf Writes to Coupling Status Enable Register CSE Reads from Coupling Status Enable Register CSR Reads from Coupling Status Register HCR Reads from Hardware Condition Register HSE...

Страница 202: ...Four voltage controlled oscillators VCOs covering the frequency range 675 to 1350 MHz are phase locked to a 10 MHz oven controlled crystal oscillator using a fractional N synthesizer system Additiona...

Страница 203: ...BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 5 2 Fig 5 1 Block schematic diagram...

Страница 204: ...17 Internal FM deviation 6 18 FM attenuator 6 18 FM scale shape 6 19 External FM 6 20 Carrier frequency offset 6 22 Internal phase modulation 6 23 Internal phase modulation flatness 6 23 Spectral puri...

Страница 205: ...ut test set up 6 4 Fig 6 2 Attenuator accuracy test set up 6 6 Fig 6 3 Carrier frequency accuracy test set up 6 8 Fig 6 4 Modulation oscillator frequencies test set up 6 9 Fig 6 5 Modulation oscillato...

Страница 206: ...r 6912 sensor Measuring receiver 0 dBm to 127 dBm 2 5 to 1300 MHz HP8902A and 11722A sensor and 11793A down converter Signal generator 8 dBm from 32 5 MHz to 5 4 GHz Aeroflex 2032 Frequency counter 10...

Страница 207: ...0 dB from 1 35 GHz to 2 7 GHz at levels 127 dBm 0 7 dB from 1 35 GHz to 2 7 GHz at levels 0 dBm 2052T only 1 5 dB from 2 7 GHz to 5 4 GHz at levels 100 dBm 1 5 dB from 2 7 GHz to 5 4 GHz at levels 50...

Страница 208: ...3 1275 2175 3075 4575 0 1 1350 2325 3225 4725 75 2475 3375 4875 225 2051T 2T 2625 3525 5025 375 1351 2700 3675 5175 525 1425 3825 5325 675 1575 2052T 3975 5400 825 1725 2701 4125 975 1875 2775 4275 AL...

Страница 209: ...UT to RF Level 6 1 dBm and measure the RF level 5 Decrement the output of the UUT in 6 dB steps down to an RF level of 120 1 dBm measuring the RF level at each step Check that the measured level is wi...

Страница 210: ...d individually as follows UTIL Utils Menu 2 Latch Data 95 enter Decimal Binary The binary latch data will now appear in the bottom right hand side of the display 5 By using the Toggle Bit and the Curs...

Страница 211: ...0 dBm Carrier Freq 10 kHz 3 Referring to Table 6 4 check that the carrier frequencies can be selected correctly and are within specification It will be necessary to disconnect the 50 load and reconnec...

Страница 212: ...nalyzer Capable of measuring down to 0 03 THD from 100 Hz to 20 kHz Rohde Schwarz UPA 3 Modulation oscillator frequencies Test procedures C0218 LF OUTPUT UUT 2440 Counter A INPUT Fig 6 4 Modulation os...

Страница 213: ...istortion test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 5 2 Set the UUT to Source Freq F4 100 Hz 3 Check that the distortion measured on the audio analyzer at the frequencies indicated in...

Страница 214: ...gital Multimeter INPUT Fig 6 6 Level accuracy test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 6 2 Set the UUT to give an LF output of 5 V at 1 kHz as follows LF LF Gen LF Freq 1 kHz LF Leve...

Страница 215: ...dB relative function 4 Set the modulation oscillator to the frequencies given in Table 6 8 measuring the difference from the reference in 3 above which should be less than 1 dB Table 6 8 Frequency res...

Страница 216: ...est procedures C0221 UUT Digital Multimeter INPUT 50 Load EXT MOD 1 INPUT LF OUTPUT Function Generator OUTPUT Fig 6 7 External modulation test set up Mod input 1 1 Connect the test equipment as shown...

Страница 217: ...1 kHz ref 100 kHz 300 kHz Modulation ALC distortion C0222 INPUT UUT Audio Analyzer LF OUTPUT EXT MOD 1 INPUT OUTPUT Fig 6 8 Modulation ALC distortion test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown...

Страница 218: ...istortion option Accuracy Better than 1 1 Test procedures C0332 RF OUTPUT UUT Modulation Meter RF INPUT Fig 6 9 Internal AM depth and distortion test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fi...

Страница 219: ...e 6 11 Check that the measured depths are within specification Table 6 11 AM DEPTHS AM depth 1 10 31 34 37 39 1 39 4 39 7 40 70 2 20 32 35 38 39 2 39 5 39 8 50 80 5 30 33 36 39 39 3 39 6 39 9 60 85 Ph...

Страница 220: ...Generator OUTPUT Modulation Meter RF INPUT Fig 6 10 External AM test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 10 2 Set the UUT to RF Level 7 dBm 4 dBm for instruments fitted with Option...

Страница 221: ...re the FM deviation on the modulation meter 3 Set up a carrier frequency step on the UUT of 1 MHz as follows Set Steps Carrier Step 1 MHz SIG GEN 4 Set up an FM deviation of 500 kHz and increment the...

Страница 222: ...the UUT to Carrier Freq 31 64 MHz RF Level 0 dBm FM Devn 224 kHz 2 Referring to Table 6 14 measure the FM on the modulation meter at the deviations indicated Table 6 14 FM scale shape deviations Devia...

Страница 223: ...ling SIG GEN FM2 Select Source Ext2 AC Coupling SIG GEN 40 kHz FM1 40 kHz The UUT will now produce FM when the external modulating source is applied to either modulation input 3 Set the function gener...

Страница 224: ...or to 1 kHz and measure the FM deviation on the modulation meter FM2 13 Using the following formula calculate the change in response which should be less than 1 dB 20 log 10 FM2 FM1 14 Transfer the fu...

Страница 225: ...oupling SIG GEN 4 Measure and record the carrier frequency on the counter 5 Set the UUT to DC coupled EXT MOD 1 INPUT as follows Select Source Ext1 DC Coupling DCFM Nulling SIG GEN 6 Measure the chang...

Страница 226: ...4 Measure deviation on the modulation meter and calculate phase modulation using the formula M FM dev Hz mod freq1 Hz 5 Select the modulation source frequencies as shown in Table 6 16 using Select Sou...

Страница 227: ...up to 2 7 GHz at offsets of 3 kHz or greater Less than 64 dBc for carrier frequencies up to 5 4 GHz 2052T only Residual FM Less than 7 Hz RMS in a 0 3 to 3 4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at a 470 MHz car...

Страница 228: ...requency which must be less than 30 dBc for carrier frequencies up to 1 GHz and less than 27 dBc for carrier frequencies above 1 GHz 4 Set the UUT to the frequencies indicated in Table 6 17 and repeat...

Страница 229: ...00 0 2 025 150 000 0 1 500 000 000 0 750 000 000 0 2 250 000 000 0 2 000 000 000 0 1 000 000 000 0 3 000 000 000 0 2 299 999 990 0 1 149 999 995 0 3 449 999 985 0 2 300 000 010 0 1 150 000 005 0 3 450...

Страница 230: ...monics at the frequencies indicated ensuring that the levels measured are less than 70 dBc Table 6 19 Carrier non harmonic frequencies UUT carrier frequency Hz Spectrum analyzer frequency Hz 2050T 1T...

Страница 231: ...Generator Mixer Phase Noise Measuring Device RF RF OUTPUT TUNE INPUT EXT MOD 1 2382 2380 Spectrum Analyzer and Display Fig 6 14 SSB phase noise test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fi...

Страница 232: ...p 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 15 2 Set the UUT to Digital Modulation Mode IQ output enabled 8PSK modulation and a Nyquist filter as follows UTIL Mod n Mode Digital SIG GEN Config Se...

Страница 233: ...TESTING 6 30 Fig 6 17 4 DQPSK constellation 6 Set the UUT as follows EXIT QAM 16 QAM 7 Check for 16 clearly defined points on a 4 by 4 matrix corresponding to that shown in Fig 6 18 Fig 6 18 16 QAM co...

Страница 234: ...analyzer 30 kHz to 2 7 GHz freq coverage Aeroflex 2383 Function generator DC to 10 MHz freq coverage 0 6 dB flatness HP3325B Test procedures 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 1 2 Set the...

Страница 235: ...set up 10 Set the function generator to give 0 5 V DC into 50 W 11 Record the level measured on the spectrum analyzer 12 Disconnect the DC voltage from the I IN OUT socket of the UUT 13 Set the UUT t...

Страница 236: ...r is measured using DSP generated test tones and calculated from the RSS of the following five erors 1 Carrier leak 2 Signal compression 3 I Q channel balance 4 Channel frequency response errors 5 DSP...

Страница 237: ...0 mV IQ Angle 0 enter 6 Set the spectrum analyzer as follows Span div 10 kHz 7 Using the markers 1 and 2 facility on the spectrum analyzer measure the amplitude of the 3rd order intermodulation produ...

Страница 238: ...measurement IQ channel balance ______________ dBc C Establishing channel frequency response errors 11 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 23 C1667 UUT INPUT DVM I IN OUT Fig 6 23 Channel fre...

Страница 239: ...ula percentage ratio antilog 100 20 dBc Reminder do not forget the minus sign on the dBc figure 20 Calculate the final digital modulation mode accuracy vector error figure The vector error is the RSS...

Страница 240: ...elect Mod Type PSK QPSK 4PSK SIG GEN Data Timing External Parallel 3 Set the spectrum analyzer as follows Reference frequency 100 MHz Reference level 0 dBm Span div 1 kHz Peak find MKR 1 Sets Ref Leve...

Страница 241: ...nalyzer 30 kHz to 2 7 GHz freq coverage 60 dB dynamic range Aeroflex 2383 Function generator DC to 10 MHz sine wave 0 2 dB flatness to 1 MHz 0 6 dB flatness to 10 MHz HP3325B Vector input impedance 1...

Страница 242: ...intermodulation product relative to the tone amplitude Signal compression ______________ dBc E 6 Convert result E into a percentage using the formula given in step 19 of the Digital modulation mode M...

Страница 243: ...marker 1 level as the reference Table 6 21 Vector bandwidth settings Function generator Spec an MKR1 reading Upper sideband 100 kHz 1 MHz 3 MHz 10 MHz 101 1 MHz 102 MHz 104 MHz 111 MHz ______ ref ___...

Страница 244: ...dynamic range at 10 MHz Aeroflex 2383 Function generator Square wave capability DC offset facility HP3325B Linearity 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 25 C1669 UUT RF OUTPUT ENVELOPE IN I...

Страница 245: ...ust be greater than 80 dB Envelope delay 11 Connect the test equipment shown in Fig 6 26 C1671 UUT RF OUTPUT CH 1 CH 2 50 THROUGH LOAD ENVELOPE IN OUTPUT Function Generator Oscilloscope Fig 6 26 Envel...

Страница 246: ...ones EXIT I Ampli 0 mV Q Ampli 0 mV I DC Offset 500 mV SIG GEN Config Select Int Ext Mixer 3 Set the spectrum analyzer as follows Reference frequency 132 MHz Reference level 0 dBm Span div 5 kHz 4 Sel...

Страница 247: ...instrument will display an error message indicating that it should be returned for a calibration check The recommended calibration interval is 2 years Real time clock battery The real time clock uses...

Страница 248: ...s Table 6 A 1 Modulation oscillator frequencies 6 A 3 Table 6 A 2 Distortion frequencies 6 A 3 Table 6 A 3 LF output levels 6 A 4 Table 6 A 4 Test frequencies 6 A 5 Table 6 A 5 AM depths 6 A 6 Table 6...

Страница 249: ...ncies Test procedures C0218 LF OUTPUT UUT 2440 Counter A INPUT Fig 6 A 1 Modulation oscillator frequencies test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 A 1 2 To enable both the modulatio...

Страница 250: ...s shown in Fig 6 A 2 2 Set the UUT such that the first modulation oscillator may be tested refer to Modulation oscillator frequencies step 2 above 3 Check that the distortion measured on the audio ana...

Страница 251: ...tal Multimeter INPUT Fig 6 A 3 Level accuracy test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 A 3 2 Set the UUT to give an LF output of 5 V at 1 kHz by entering the following LF LF Gen LF F...

Страница 252: ...cy above 3 Reference this level on the audio analyzer using the dB relative function 4 Set the modulation oscillator to the frequencies given in Table 6 A 4 measuring the difference from the reference...

Страница 253: ...PUT Fig 6 A 5 AM scale shape test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 A 5 2 Set the UUT to RF level 0 dBm Carrier freq 100 MHz then enter the following UTIL Mod n mode Comp SIG GEN A...

Страница 254: ...equipment connected as in Fig 6 A 5 set the UUT to Carrier freq 31 64 MHz RF level 0 dBm then enter the following UTIL Mod n Mode Comp SIG GEN FM2 Select Source Select Internal Internal F4 SIG GEN FM1...

Страница 255: ...s Pulse modulation 6 B 2 Minimum ON level 6 B 2 Maximum OFF level 6 B 2 Additional level error 6 B 2 ON OFF ratio 6 B 3 List of tables Table 6 B 1 ON OFF ratio carrier frequencies 6 B 3 List of figure...

Страница 256: ...OUTPUT OUTPUT 6912 Power Sensor UUT Function Generator 6960B RF Power Meter SENSOR INPUT PULSE INPUT Fig 6 B 1 Levels test set up Minimum ON level 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 B 1 2...

Страница 257: ...o give 5 VDC 4 Set the spectrum analyzer to 11 MHz span div 10 kHz and using the Peak Find facility measure the amplitude of the carrier signal and record as P1 5 Set the function generator to give 0...

Страница 258: ...linearity 6 C 3 Attenuator accuracy 6 C 3 Alternative attenuator functional check 6 C 4 List of tables Table 6 C 1 Frequency settings for output levels 6 C 3 Table 6 C 2 Attenuator frequency settings...

Страница 259: ...Description Minimum specification Example RF power meter 0 1 dB from 30 kHz to 2 7 GHz IFR 6960B and 6910 or 6912 sensor Measuring receiver 0 dBm to 127 dBm 2 5 MHz to 1300 MHz HP 8902A and 11722A se...

Страница 260: ...ncy to 500 MHz and repeat 3 above 5 Set the UUT carrier frequency to 2 7 GHz and repeat 3 above Attenuator accuracy The following test will confirm that the attenuator performs to the published perfor...

Страница 261: ...ency This will automatically set the receiver to the required IF frequency Alternative attenuator functional check 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig 6 C 1 2 Set the UUT to Carrier Freq 1 35...

Страница 262: ...operation A 18 ILS Instrument Landing System mode A 19 Marker beacon mode A 21 VOR VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range mode A 22 ADF Automatic Direction Finder mode A 24 Sel cal mode A 24 ACCEPTANCE TEST...

Страница 263: ...ion menu A 16 Fig A 19 SEL CAL tones utility A 17 Fig A 20 SEL CAL tone entry A 17 Fig A 21 ILS functional test set up A 26 Fig A 22 Oscilloscope trace for a 0 DDM waveform A 27 Fig A 23 Spectrum anal...

Страница 264: ...m Marker beacon mode In marker beacon mode the outer middle and inner beacons can be tested by simple key selection VOR mode In VOR mode the AM depth of the sub carrier and 30 Hz tone can be independe...

Страница 265: ...able from the LF OUTPUT connector Accuracy of DDM Equivalent to 0 0003 DDM 0 005 of setting At 0 DDM on course accuracy is 0 0003 DDM Marker beacon mode Provides default modulation of 95 AM depth on a...

Страница 266: ...h on a 190 kHz carrier at 1 kHz modulation rate AM depth carrier frequency and modulation rate can be changed from the default values SEL CAL MODE Provides amplitude modulation with SEL CAL SELective...

Страница 267: ...shown in Fig A 1 to obtain the menu shown in Fig A 2 Selecting Avionics Mode from this menu will result in the Avionics Mode Selection shown in Fig A 3 being displayed Pressing the appropriate soft k...

Страница 268: ...menu The sum of depth of modulation SDM is the arithmetic sum of depth of the modulating 90 Hz and 150 Hz tones Using the SDM key the depth can be entered in The ILS rate is normally set to 30 Hz and...

Страница 269: ...e The following conversion factors are used 150 A 15 5 DDM on the localiser 150 A 17 5 DDM on the glideslope The units displayed can be changed without entering any data Press the enter and keys to to...

Страница 270: ...e paired on any ILS installation The LOC GS Freq provides a convenient means of switching between the localiser and glideslope frequencies Provided the carrier frequency is set near to a recognised IL...

Страница 271: ...ulation ENABLED Fig A 8 Ident Comms selected In this mode a fixed 0 DDM signal is provided and an additional modulation signal can be added using the AM2 Depth key The source of this additional modula...

Страница 272: ...rument to normal ILS mode Marker beacon mode The marker beacon mode is selected using the MARKER BEACONS key on the Avionics Mode Selection Menu shown in Fig A 3 Selecting maker beacon mode and pressi...

Страница 273: ...ics Mode Selection Menu Fig A 3 or if other avionics modes have been selected by first pressing the Avionics Modes key Selecting VOR Mode will produce the display shown in Fig A 11 The default carrier...

Страница 274: ...Rate Index ON OFF Carrier Freq 240Hz 8 300Hz 10 360Hz 12 420Hz 14 Enable Coupling More LOCAL Carrier Freq RF Level SUB Bearing To Beacon 9960Hz Subcarrier 480Hz Devn 16 VOR Rate 30 0 Hz dBm VOR Mode M...

Страница 275: ...y does change the bearing but not the value displayed It also provides a convenient way of providing a 180 bearing reversal Fig A 14 REF selected The AM depth of the 9960 Hz sub carrier and the 30 Hz...

Страница 276: ...s the depth of each tone and can be changed using the VOR key An additional AM signal AM2 can be added to this waveform The source of this modulation can be selected using the Select Source key and if...

Страница 277: ...Freq RF Level dBm SEL CAL Mode Modulation ENABLED MHz Int Std 10 MHz AM Int F1 1 0000 kHz OFF 118 000 0000 144 0 ON 80 0 C1133 Fig A 18 SEL CAL mode selection menu The instrument operation is similar...

Страница 278: ...Tone Seq GAJB Tone Duration 1000 ms Tone Gap 250 ms Start Delay 200 ms En ter t he r equ i red sequence t hen press t he en t er key Fig A 20 SEL CAL tone entry Characters A to H may be directly enter...

Страница 279: ...M DDM select ILS mode with DDM MODE SDM AM2 select ILS mode with AM2 MODE SDM select ILS variable phase mode VALID MODE COMBINATION TABLE ILS VOR SDM DDM VOR BEAR SDM AM2 VOR AM2 Note Order is not imp...

Страница 280: ...e SDM PHASE SIN_COS SDM Prepares messages containing information on SDM in the following format SDM DEPTH nr2 INC nr2 Example SDM DEPTH 40 0 INC 0 5 SDM PHASE Prepares messages containing information...

Страница 281: ...e Default suffix None Example SUPPRESS TONE150 SUPPRESS NONE SUPPRESS Prepares messages containing information on tone suppression control in the following format SUPPRESS status where status is a pro...

Страница 282: ...ter marker beacon Example CFRQ 75 MHZ RFLV VALUE 0 DBM ON AM1 DEPTH 95 PCT INTF1 ON INTF1 400 HZ MOD ON MODE AM Example for setting up and sending 1300 Hz middle marker beacon Example CFRQ 75 MHZ RFLV...

Страница 283: ...pe Character Program Data any one of Hz_240 Hz_300 Hz_360 Hz_420 Hz_450 Hz_480 Hz_510 or Hz_540 Allowed suffices None Default suffix None Example VOR DEVN HZ_450 VOR or SUB Prepares messages containin...

Страница 284: ...INC 0 1 UP UP UP BEARFR VALUE 270DEG INC 0 1 DN DN DN BEAR Prepares messages containing information on VOR BEARING in the following format bear VALUE nr2 INC nr2 where bear is a program mnemonic indi...

Страница 285: ...MODE AM Sel cal mode SEL CAL adds the following to the Sequential Calling Tones SEL CAL is an additional valid type The data string representing the Tone Sequence is an even number of characters sele...

Страница 286: ...ing specialised ILS and VOR receivers if they are available Test equipment The test equipment recommended for acceptance testing is shown in Table A 1 Alternative equipment may be used provided it com...

Страница 287: ...Analyzer and Display Oscilloscope Fig A 21 ILS functional test set up 1 Connect the test equipment as shown in Fig A 21 2 Set up the test equipment as follows Unit under test ILS mode Carrier freq 108...

Страница 288: ...DDM C0526 Ch 1 200 0 mVolts div Timebase 5 00 ms div Fig A 22 Oscilloscope trace for a 0 DDM waveform 4 On the UUT reduce the SDM depth using the rotary control This will cause a reduction in the ampl...

Страница 289: ...e 150 Hz sideband will be suppressed as shown in Figs A 24 the trace is 2 ms div and A 25 C0524 Ch 1 200 0 mVolts div Timebase 2 00 ms div Fig A 24 Oscilloscope trace for a 40 DDM waveform C0529 10 0...

Страница 290: ...The 90 Hz sideband should be suppressed and the 150 Hz sideband should be present as shown in Figs A 26 the trace is 2 ms div and A 27 C0527 10 0 Atten 50dB 50 TG off Ext std 2382 MARCONI A dBm Calibr...

Страница 291: ...by the instrument Test equipment Description Minimum specification Example Modulation meter 50 kHz to 1 GHz AM accuracy 0 5 of reading at 40 depth 0 7 of reading at 80 depth Selectable ILS filter IFR...

Страница 292: ...te it This is equivalent to an SDM of 40 Measured AM depth ____________ Actual AM depth Measured AM depth Residual AM noise Set AM Minimum Actual Maximum 40 39 2 ______ 40 8 5 Repeat 4 for an AM 1 dep...

Страница 293: ...qual amplitude tones of 90 Hz and 150 Hz 3 Reset the test equipment as follows Unit under test DDM 40 The 150 Hz tone should now be suppressed Check that the residual level is at least 52 dB lower tha...

Страница 294: ...ion meter Freq tune 108 MHz Function AM Second function 28 On 3 With SUB and REF set to 0 measure the residual AM noise Note the reading Residual AM noise depth ____________ 4 On the UUT select a SUB...

Страница 295: ...depth 30 Spectrum analyzer Span div 200 Hz Ref freq 9 96 kHz Ref level 10 dBm Bandwidth 30 Hz 3 Check that a display similar to that shown in Fig A 30 is obtained This shows the presence of the 9 96...

Страница 296: ...up 2 Set up the test equipment as follows Unit under test UTIL Mod n Mode Composite SIG GEN LF output Modulation monitor Modulation drive AM1 30 ON AM2 30 ON INT F1 30 Hz INT F2 30 Hz Set AM1 source...

Страница 297: ...rial example for immunity testing B 15 Square wave modulation B 15 GPIB operation B 17 Segmented sweeps B 17 RF profiles B 18 RF offsets B 19 List of figures Fig B 1 Utilities selection menu 2 B 4 Fig...

Страница 298: ...and all RF profile information can be stored in non volatile memory Profile values can be entered at up to 100 carrier frequencies The RF output level is linearly interpolated between profile points...

Страница 299: ...F offset RF profile and segmented sweep facilities RF offset and profiles These facilities provide the capability for setting the signal generator to display the RF power at the output of a device con...

Страница 300: ...l Utility Set Time Date Lock Unlock Utils Menu 1 Latch Data LOCAL Utilities Selection Menu 2 C0939 Fig B 1 Utilities selection menu 2 Press RF Level Utility to obtain the display shown in Fig B 2 The...

Страница 301: ...essed the values are stored in non volatile memory If the instrument is switched off then when power is restored the saved values of offsets will be automatically recalled and displayed If the offset...

Страница 302: ...5 is displayed But note that the Save Setting and Edit Profile keys will only appear if the instrument is unlocked to Level 1 Select Profile LOCAL Enable Disable Save Setting Edit Profile EXIT RF Pro...

Страница 303: ...t frequency can then be adjusted by pressing Profile Level The carrier frequency or profile level can be entered using the keyboard or the rotary control When the required value of level has been set...

Страница 304: ...can be left by using the EXIT key to obtain the RF Level Utility Menu of Fig B 2 or by using the keys underneath the display If the SIG GEN key is pressed to obtain the main signal generator screen a...

Страница 305: ...will now be limited to 7 dBm since this represents 13 dBm at the RF output connector unless the overrange facility is enabled If the save setting facility is used Fig B 3 the generator can be set so t...

Страница 306: ...and 500 MHz and check that the power meter reading is acceptably close to 0 dBm Extra points can be added to the profile if required to reduce errors at intermediate frequencies Sequence sweep The seq...

Страница 307: ...press the SWEEP key to obtain the main sweep generator menu If the last used sweep is not a sequenced sweep press Sweep Type to obtain the display shown in Fig B 11 press Sweep Sequence and use the E...

Страница 308: ...EXIT Segment Number Start Freq Stop Freq RF Level Step Size Step Time C0856 0 10 0000 100 0000 100 0 20 0 0 kHz kHz Hz ms Offset 20 0 dB Profile 1 dBm Fig B 13 Sweep segment editor Up to 10 segments...

Страница 309: ...d the segment number it is currently in If the sweep has been set to go through a number of segments at different levels the display is updated to show the change of setting Before the start of a swee...

Страница 310: ...ested for blocking performance The radio is tuned to 356 55 MHz and uses 12 5 kHz channel spacing A sweep is required which extends from 10 MHz below the wanted channel to 10 MHz above the wanted chan...

Страница 311: ...ffset facility can be used to convert a nominal signal of 10 dBm to a displayed 10 V PD by using an offset of 43 dB 10 V PD is approximately 33 dBm Use a field probe to check the field strength in the...

Страница 312: ...orms Square wave modulation can be selected from the main signal generator menu with the modulation set to internal by pressing Select Source to obtain the Internal Source Selection Menu and then pres...

Страница 313: ...None SWEEP Responds with information on Sweep Type and Sweep Mode status as follows SWEEP TYPE type MODE mode Example SWEEP TYPE SEQ MODE SNGL SWEEP not used alone SEQUENCE string program data Select...

Страница 314: ...ure use These profiles can be used in conjunction with segmented sweeps as well as in NORMAL instrument mode but not with ordinary frequency carrier sweeps The following GPIB commands are used to prov...

Страница 315: ...cimal Numeric Program Data Allowed Suffices None Default Suffix None PROFILE EDIT POINT Responds with Carrier Frequency and Relative Offset for the point requested as follows PROFILE EDIT CFRQ nrf OFF...

Страница 316: ...EX SWEEP Annex B 20 Data type None Allowed Suffices None Default Suffix None RFLV OFFS Responds with RF Offset Selected its Value and its Status as follows RFLV OFFS NUM nr1 VALUE nrf status Example R...

Страница 317: ...9 Display blanking 3 76 Displaying shifts 3 62 DTMF 3 59 E Elapsed time 3 75 Electrical hazards v Electronic attenuator 1 15 Electronic attenuator option Appendix C 6 1 Envelope control 6 41 Error han...

Страница 318: ...4 31 H Hardware information 3 70 Hazard symbols v I IEEE 488 2 4 2 IEEE to IEC conversion 2 7 IF output 6 43 Incrementing 3 62 Installation requirements 2 2 Interface bus connection 2 7 Internal AM de...

Страница 319: ...nel 3 8 Recommended test equipment 6 3 Remote local operation 4 5 Reverse power protection 3 12 RF level units 3 77 RF level utility 3 78 RF output and input connectors 1 8 1 9 RF profiles and complex...

Страница 320: ...ght or licence other than that stipulated herein 4 4 The Licensee may make not more than two copies of the Licensed Software but not the Authoring and Language Manuals in machine readable form for ope...

Страница 321: ...Aeroflex as the intended country of use of the Licensed Software at the commencement of this Agreement 8 3 Aeroflex shall not be liable to the Licensee for any loss of use or for loss of profits or of...

Страница 322: ...45 9614 0045 Fax 45 9614 0047 SPAIN Tel 34 91 640 11 34 Fax 34 91 640 06 40 UK Burnham Tel 44 0 1628 604455 Fax 44 0 1628 662017 UK Stevenage Tel 44 0 1438 742200 Fax 44 0 1438 727601 Freephone 0800 2...

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