3Com S7902E, Руководство по настройке

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A multicast routing protocol runs on Layer 3 multicast devices to establish and maintain multicast routes
and forward multicast packets correctly and efficiently. Multicast routes constitute a loop-free data
transmission path from a data source to multiple receivers, namely, a multicast distribution tree.
In the ASM model, multicast routes come in intra-domain routes and inter-domain routes.
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An intra-domain multicast routing protocol is used to discover multicast sources and build multicast
distribution trees within an AS so as to deliver multicast data to receivers. Among a variety of
mature intra-domain multicast routing protocols, protocol independent multicast (PIM) is a popular
one. Based on the forwarding mechanism, PIM comes in two modes – dense mode (often referred
to as PIM-DM) and sparse mode (often referred to as PIM-SM).
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An inter-domain multicast routing protocol is used for delivery of multicast information between two
ASs. So far, mature solutions include multicast source discovery protocol (MSDP) and multicast
border gateway protocol (MBGP). MSDP is used to propagate multicast source information among
different ASs, while MBGP, an extension of the Multi-protocol Border Gateway Protocol (MP-BGP),
is used for exchanging multicast routing information among different ASs.
For the SSM model, multicast routes are not divided into inter-domain routes and intra-domain routes.
Since receivers know the position of the multicast source, channels established through PIM-SM are
sufficient for multicast information transport.
Layer 2 multicast protocols
Layer 2 multicast protocols include IGMP Snooping/MLD Snooping and multicast VLAN/IPv6 multicast
VLAN. Figure 1-9 shows where these protocols are in the network.
Figure 1-9 Position of Layer 2 multicast protocols
Source
Receiver Receiver
IPv4/IPv6 multicast packets
IGMP Snooping
/MLD Snooping
Multicast VLAN
/IPv6 Multicast VLAN
1) IGMP Snooping/MLD Snooping
Running on Layer 2 devices, Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping (IGMP Snooping) and
Multicast Listener Discovery Snooping (MLD Snooping) are multicast constraining mechanisms that
manage and control multicast groups by listening to and analyzing IGMP or MLD messages exchanged
between the hosts and Layer 3 multicast devices, thus effectively controlling the flooding of multicast
data in a Layer 2 network.
2) Multicast VLAN/IPv6 multicast VLAN
In the traditional multicast-on-demand mode, when users in different VLANs on a Layer 2 device need
multicast information, the upstream Layer 3 device needs to forward a separate copy of the multicast