Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate UV-Vis User Manual Download Page 47

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Chapter 5

Orion AQUAfast Reagent Chemistry Instructions for Orion AquaMate

Thermo Scientific

Orion AquaMate Spectrophotometer User Manual

Parameter

Part #

Method

Description

Chlorine

AC4P72

Chlorine (Total) Powder Pack Reagent

Chlorine

AC3072

Chlorine (Total) High Range Tablet Reagent

Chlorine Dioxide AC2099

AC209924 Chlorine Dioxide Tablet Reagent

COD

CODL00

COD Low Range Digestion Tube Reagent

COD

CODH00

COD Mid Range Digestion Tube Reagent

COD

CODHP0

CODHP0 COD High Range Digestion Tube Reagent

Copper

AC2029

AC202924 Copper (Free & Total) Tablet Reagent

Copper

AC4P29

Copper (Free) Powder Pack Reagent

Cyanuric Acid

AC2098

Cyanuric Acid Tablet Reagent

Fluoride

AC2009

Fluoride SPADNS Liquid Reagent

Hardness

AC3032T

AC3032TL Hardness (Total) Low Range Tablet Reagent

Hardness

AC3032T

AC3032TH Hardness (Total) High Range Tablet Reagent

Hydrazine

AC2030

Hydrazine Powder Reagent

Iron

AC2078

AC207824 Iron (II & III) Tablet Reagent

Iron

AC4P78

Iron (Ferro) Powder Pack Reagent

Iron

AC4P79

Iron (Total) Powder Pack Reagent

Manganese

AC2055

Manganese Tablet Reagent

Manganese

AC4P54

Manganese Low Range Powder Pack & Liquid Reagent

Manganese

AC4P55

Manganese High Range Powder Pack Reagent

Molybdate

AC4P42

Molybdate/Molybdenum Powder Pack Reagent

Nitrate

ACR007

Nitrate Reaction Tube Reagent

Nitrite

AC2046

Nitrite Tablet Reagent

Nitrite

AC4P46

Nitrite Powder Pack Reagent

Nitrogen, Total ACD004

ACD004

Nitrogen (Total) Low Range Digestion Tube Reagent

Nitrogen, Total ACD007

ACD007

Nitrogen (Total) High Range Digestion Tube Reagent

Ozone

AC3048

Ozone Tablet Reagent

AC2001

pH Tablet Reagent

AC3001

pH Liquid Reagent

Phosphate

AC2095-WA AC2095

Phosphate (Ortho) Low Range Tablet Reagent

Phosphate

AC2096

Phosphate (Ortho) High Range Tablet Reagent

Phosphate

AC4P95

Phosphate (Ortho) Powder Pack Reagent

Phosphate

ACR095

Phosphate (Ortho) Reaction Tube Reagent

Phosphate

ACD095

Phosphate (Total) Digestion Tube Reagent

Phosphate

ACD095AH ACD095AH Phosphate (Acid Hydrolysable) Digestion Tube Reagent

Silica

AC2060

Silica Tablet Reagent

Silica

AC2061

Silica with Phosphate Removal Tablet Reagent

Silica

AC4P60

Silica Powder Pack Reagent

Sulfate

AC4P82

Sulfate Powder Pack Reagent

Sulfide

AC2016

Sulfide Tablet Reagent

Zinc

AC2065

Zinc Tablet Reagent

Summary of Contents for Orion AquaMate UV-Vis

Page 1: ...Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate UV Vis and Vis Spectrophotometers 269 289800 Revision C July 2015 User Manual ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ng 22 Date Time Setup Setting 24 Standby Setting 25 Baseline Expiration Setting 25 Beeper Setting 26 Screen Contrast Setting 26 Calculator Function 26 Managing Stored Tests 27 Naming and Saving a Test 27 Loading Saved Test Files 29 Locking Unlocking Tests using the Password 30 Deleting a Test 30 Using the SmartStart Test Feature 30 Chapter 4 32 Water Analysis Test Menu 32 Preprogrammed Methods 32 ...

Page 4: ...Tablet Test 69 CODL00 COD Low Range Digestion Tube Test 71 CODH00 COD Mid Range Digestion Tube Test 73 CODHP0 COD High Range Digestion Tube Test 74 AC2029 Copper Free Total Tablet Test 75 AC4P29 Copper Free Powder Pack Test 76 AC2098 Cyanuric Acid Tablet Test 77 AC2009 Fluoride SPADNS Liquid Test 78 AC3032T Hardness Total Tablet Test 80 AC2030 Hydrazine Powder Test 81 AC2078 Iron II III Tablet Tes...

Page 5: ...rve 130 Recalling an Existing Standard Curve Method 131 Chapter 7 132 Wavelength Scanning Test Menu 132 Setting the Parameters for a Scan 133 Collecting a Baseline Scan and Scanning a Sample 134 Viewing and Manipulating Scanned Data 136 Recalling an Existing Scanning Method 141 Chapter 8 142 Absorbance Transmittance and Concentration Measurements 142 Absorbance Transmittance Measurements 142 Using...

Page 6: ...terfacing and Data Transfer 187 AquaMate Spectrophotometer Setup for Computer Interfacing 187 USB Computer Cable Interfacing and USB Driver Installation 188 Example Data Collection Program 191 AquaMate Spectrophotometer Setup for Printer Interfacing 195 USB Printer Cable Interfacing and Printing Data 196 Instrument Specifications 197 Ordering Information 199 Appendix A 202 General Instrument Infor...

Page 7: ......

Page 8: ...anger keypad moves the carousel to the desired location for easy vial switching Performance verification tests ensure wavelength accuracy and instrument functionality plus built in filters allow for wavelength verification with no additional equipment required Additional functions include standard curve concentration measurements wavelength scanning multiple fixed wavelength measurements absorbanc...

Page 9: ...eport Dust cover USB cable 110V US Japan power cord Catalog Number AQ110V 220V Euro power cord Catalog Number AQ220V 240 V UK Singapore power cord Catalog Number AQ240V Orion AquaMate 7000 Vis Spectrophotometer Vis Spectrophotometer Preprogrammed Methods on USB memory stick Catalog Number AQ0USB 3 position vial holder carousel Catalog Number AQ003C AquaMate user documentation CD Printed instrument...

Page 10: ...de Orion AQUAfast Reagent Chemistry Instructions for Orion AquaMate Spectrophotometers Orion AquaMate Master Method List Orion AquaMate Site and Safety Information Orion AquaMate Getting Started Guide Orion AquaMate Declaration of Conformity Orion Laboratory Product Warranty Card USB Driver Intended Use Please read this user manual thoroughly Any use outside of these instructions may invalidate th...

Page 11: ...tice All technical information in this document is for reference purposes only System configurations and specifications in this document supersede all previous information received by the purchaser Thermo Fisher Scientific makes no representations that this document is complete accurate or error free and assumes no responsibility and will not be liable for any errors omissions damage or loss that ...

Page 12: ...ometer User Manual Thermo Scientific 2 Spectrophotometer Basics Spectrophotometer Components The following are some of the major components visible on the outside of the instrument C H A P T E R 2 USB Port Keypad Sample Compartment ...

Page 13: ... following connectors are on the back of the instrument Warning Avoid shock hazard Always turn off the instrument and unplug it from the wall outlet or power strip before you unplug the power cord from the instrument connector Instrument Keypad USB Computer Port USB Printer Port AC Power Connector On Off Switch Fuse Compartment ...

Page 14: ...or screen Numeric keys Use to enter numbers a decimal point or minus sign to make a value negative Arrow keys Press to move the location of the curser or press to highlight a value or option from a list of selections Utility key Press to access the utility menu and instrument setup options Test key Press to access the test menu with list of available analysis modes Print key Press to export result...

Page 15: ...on vial holder carousel for 10 mm square vials and traditional spectrophotometer applications allowing you to take advantage of the full capabilities of the instrument AquaMate Three Position Carousel Catalog Number AQ003C Side View Top View AquaMate Six Position Carousel Catalog Number AQ006C AquaMate One Position Carousel Catalog Number AQ001C A new one position carousel that holds one 100 mm re...

Page 16: ... s specifications and work within the recommended range Position vials and cuvettes so that the clear sides face the light beam one clear side facing the front of the instrument and the other facing the back Note Always place vials in the instrument in exactly the same orientation in the light beam An alignment mark on the vial helps orientation the vial consistently and correctly When using small...

Page 17: ...el 1 Open the sample compartment door and let it rest on its hinge 2 Remove the preinstalled three position vial holder carousel Loosen the captive thumbscrew and pull straight up on the carousel to lift it out of the sample compartment 3 With one hand carefully lower the six position or one position carousel straight down into the sample compartment 4 With the other hand tighten the captive thumb...

Page 18: ...Auto 3 Measure one blank and two samples without changing vials on the carousel The instrument automatically measures the blank and advances the carousel to measure the samples in positions 2 and 4 Manual 6 Measure the blank and up to five samples on the carousel Use the Sample Changer keys to position the carousel to the appropriate position for sample measurement Place the blank vial in the B po...

Page 19: ...am If a one position vial holder carousel has been installed the message Error Single Cell Holder found Use Single Cell Holder will appear Press the Accept Change function key to continue or install the AquaMate three position carousel and press the Cancel Change function key If the six position vial holder carousel has been installed the instrument will initialize to the blank B position After it...

Page 20: ...nstructions outline the use of the Orion AquaMate instrument keypad with various menus settings and controls Numeric Entry Highlight the desired parameter i e Wavelength and start typing the numeric value The Entry window will open with the range of the parameter shown below Type the desired value and then press the enter key C H A P T E R 3 ...

Page 21: ...priate item on the list and press the enter key On Off Toggle Highlight the desired parameter and press the enter key to toggle the parameter On or Off Alphanumeric Entry Highlight the desired parameter i e Test Name and press the enter key The Create Test Name window will open Press the or key to highlight a character press the Add Character function key and repeat until the desired name is shown...

Page 22: ...anged when the instrument is performing a measurement To access the Utility menu press the utility key on the instrument keypad Note The battery backup saves changes automatically even when the instrument power is off Printer Setting 1 In the Utility menu press the or key to highlight the Printer option and press the enter key to open the printer menu 2 If interfacing the instrument with a compute...

Page 23: ...ocumentation CD 1 Connect the USB computer cable to the USB communication port on the back of the AquaMate spectrophotometer 2 Insert the Orion AquaMate User Documentation DVD into the computer CD DVD drive 3 Connect the USB computer cable to a USB port on the computer 4 Open the computer Device Manager window 5 Double click the Spectrophotometer option under Other Devices in the Device Manager 6 ...

Page 24: ...o highlight the correct month and press the enter key c Press the Set Year function key use the numeric keypad to enter the year value and press the enter key 3 To set the time format press the or key to highlight the Time Format option and press the enter key to toggle the format between am pm and 24 hours 4 To set the time press the or key to highlight the Set Time option a Press the Set Hour fu...

Page 25: ...ight the desired standby setting and press the enter key to save the setting Baseline Expiration Setting If be performing scans on samples a time limit can be set for which a collected baseline will be valid This is particularly useful when measurements are made in a production setting across multiple shifts or when the nature of the blank sample changes dramatically with time To set the baseline ...

Page 26: ...on the instrument to make it easier to read the display To set the screen contrast press the or key to highlight the Screen Contrast option press the enter key press the function key or function key to adjust the contrast and press the esc key to save the setting Calculator Function To use the calculator function press the or key to highlight the Calculator option and press the enter key 1 Use the...

Page 27: ...mory will be maintained by battery backup when the instrument is powered off To access the Test Types menu press the test key on the instrument keypad The list of all available test techniques will be shown Use the following instructions as a general guide when setting up various test methods Naming and Saving a Test When naming a test enter the name using 8 to 16 alphanumeric characters The selec...

Page 28: ...racter and repeat until the desired name has been entered shown c To save the entered test name press the Accept Name function key 3 The instrument will return to the test parameters menu 4 Press the Save Test function key to save the test name and test parameters a Press the or key to highlight Save as an internal test Save test to the USB drive or Save test to internal and USB and press the ente...

Page 29: ...d test from USB drive and press the enter key 4 Press the or key to highlight the desired test and press the Load Test function key 5 The test will be loaded in the corresponding test technique menu Note Saved test files on the USB memory stick can be viewed or deleted by selecting the USB Drive Files option in the Utility menu Alternatively saved test files can also be loaded using their specific...

Page 30: ...key Deleting a Test 1 Press the utility key to access the Utility menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Stored Tests Directory and press the enter key 3 Press the or key to highlight Load internal test or Load test from USB drive as the test location and press the enter key 4 Press the or key to highlight a test and press the Delete Test function key Using the SmartStart Test Feature The SmartStart...

Page 31: ...ighlight Load internal test and press the enter key 4 Press the or key to highlight the appropriate test and press the Select Test function key An arrow icon next to the test name indicates the test has been selected for the SmartStart menu 5 Press the esc key to return to the Utility menu 6 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 7 Press the Smart Start function key to open the Smart Sta...

Page 32: ... 90 methods can be stored on the AquaMate spectrophotometer and stored methods can be added or removed as needed Operators can also modify preprogrammed methods or create their own custom methods so additional parameters and test methods can be added at any time AquaMate instruments allow a one point adjustment on any preprogrammed method using a known standard to correct for variations in batch t...

Page 33: ...four folders Thermo Orion Merck and CHEMetrics The Thermo folder is empty and all methods to be loaded on the AquaMate spectrophotometer need to be copied to the Thermo folder The Orion Merck and CHEMetrics folders contain preprogrammed methods specific to that manufacturer Information for methods in the Orion folder is available in this user guide and the Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate Master M...

Page 34: ...ods from the Orion Merck and CHEMetrics folders to the Thermo folder 3 Remove the USB memory stick from the computer and insert it into the USB port on the front of the AquaMate instrument 4 When the AquaMate instrument is first powered on it will display the initial measurement screen Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 5 Press the or key to highlight Water Analysis and press the ent...

Page 35: ...Manual 35 7 Press the or key to highlight Load test from USB drive and press the enter key 8 Press the or key to highlight the test method and press the Load Test function key 9 Press the Save Test function key 10 Press the or key to highlight Save as an internal test and press the enter key ...

Page 36: ...1 Press the Accept Name function key 12 Press the or key to highlight Include as a SmartStart test or Do not include as a SmartStart test and press the enter key 13 Press the Run Test function key to begin using the test method Refer to the specific reagent chemistry instructions for detailed procedures ...

Page 37: ...e or key to highlight the test method and press the Load Test function key 7 Press the Run Test function key Running a Test Method from the AquaMate Instrument Library 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Water Analysis and press the enter key 3 Press the Stored Tests function key 4 Press the or key to highlight Load internal test and press the enter k...

Page 38: ...key on the instrument keypad corresponding to the correct vial holder position B for the adjustable round vial holder 2 for 10 mm square vials and 4 for 20 50 mm rectangular long path vials If necessary the instrument will rotate the carousel to place the correct vial holder in the measurement position 4 Insert a vial containing the blank or zero solution into the sample holder Note Ideally the sa...

Page 39: ...key will be shown if the blank has already been measured and pressing the Measure Sample function key will use the previously blank measurement The blank measurement will be cleared automatically if any test method settings are changed if the test method is saved or if a new test method is loaded Note When running a reverse color test method a reagent blank measurement will be required after the m...

Page 40: ...results are calculated exactly according to the preprogrammed equation 1 Load the test method in the Water Analysis test menu 2 If the 1pt Adjust option is set to Off press the or key to highlight 1pt Adjust and press the enter key to set the parameter to On 3 Prepare a blank reagent blank reverse color methods only and calibration standard with a known concentration within the method range and ne...

Page 41: ...amber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Standard function key 12 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 13 The display will show the entered standard concentration the measured standard concentration without a correction factor and the calculated adjustment correction factor 14 Press the Accept function key if the calculated adjustment correction factor is a...

Page 42: ... in the zinc by zincon method and provides a zero concentration point with the darkest color highest absorbance The color of samples prepared with the reagent will decrease as the concentration increases The following provides an overview how to perform a reverse color method 1 Load the test method in the Water Analysis test menu The Reverse Color option should be set to On for the method 2 Press ...

Page 43: ... the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Rgnt Blank function key to measure the reagent blank 10 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 11 Empty and rinse the vial and then fill the vial with sample Add the reagent or reagents to the vial Close the vial tightly with the cap and mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 12 Place the vial into the holder in the sample cha...

Page 44: ...at the set wavelength When x is substituted with Abs the following equation can be used Result A B Abs C Abs2 D Abs3 where A is a numeric value B is a numeric value multiplied by absorbance C is a numeric value multiplied by absorbance squared D is a numeric value multiplied by absorbance cubed For test kits that specify a simple multiplicative factor enter the factor as the B value For example a ...

Page 45: ...e slope is positive and absorbance color increases as concentration increases How to Modify the Test Method Parameters 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Water Analysis and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including the Wavelength value If a reverse color test is being programmed the Reverse Color option must b...

Page 46: ...ethod Description Alkalinity AC2002 AC2002 Alkalinity M Tablet Reagent Alkalinity AC3002P AC3002P Alkalinity P Tablet Reagent Aluminum AC2027 AC2027 Aluminum Tablet Reagent Aluminum AC4P27 AC4P27 Aluminum Powder Pack Liquid Reagent Ammonia AC2012 AC2012 Ammonia Tablet Reagent Ammonia AC4P12 AC4P12 Ammonia Powder Pack Reagent Ammonia ACR012 ACR012 Ammonia Low Range Reaction Tube Reagent Ammonia ACR...

Page 47: ...blet Reagent Manganese AC4P54 AC4P54 Manganese Low Range Powder Pack Liquid Reagent Manganese AC4P55 AC4P55 Manganese High Range Powder Pack Reagent Molybdate AC4P42 AC4P42 Molybdate Molybdenum Powder Pack Reagent Nitrate ACR007 ACR007 Nitrate Reaction Tube Reagent Nitrite AC2046 AC2046 Nitrite Tablet Reagent Nitrite AC4P46 AC4P46 Nitrite Powder Pack Reagent Nitrogen Total ACD004 ACD004 Nitrogen T...

Page 48: ...st of the most up to date test methods visit www thermoscientific com water Recommendations for Avoiding Measurement Errors Thoroughly clean vials caps and stir rods after each analysis in order to prevent carry over errors Even minute reagent residues lead to incorrect measurements Ensure that the outer walls of the vials are dry and clean before performing the analysis Fingerprints or water drop...

Page 49: ...ess the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 5 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 6 Add one Alka M Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the vial into the holder in the sampl...

Page 50: ...door and remove the vial from the holder 6 Add one Alka P Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Sample function key to di...

Page 51: ...ell to dissolve the tablet completely 7 Add one Aluminum No 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the same vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod and mix well to dissolve the tablet completely 8 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes 10 Place the vial into the holder in th...

Page 52: ... this is the blank vial 8 Add the remaining 10 ml of the prepared sample to the second vial this is the sample vial 9 Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exteriors of the vials 10 Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes 11 Place the blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 12 Press the Measure Blank...

Page 53: ...nto the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Add one Ammonia No 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the same sample in the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 8 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablets are dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sampl...

Page 54: ...he Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 11 Open the sample chamber door Remove the blank vial from the holder 12 Place the sample vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 13 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l ammonia as N Notes Extremely basic or acidic water samples should be adjusted to pH 7 with a 0 5 mol l 1 N sulfuric ac...

Page 55: ... 8 Place the blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 10 Open the sample chamber door Remove the blank vial from the holder 11 Place the sample vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 12 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l ammonia as N Notes S...

Page 56: ...tes 8 Place the blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 10 Open the sample chamber door Remove the blank vial from the holder 11 Place the sample vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 12 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l ammonia as N Note...

Page 57: ... key to display the result in mg l bromine Notes Alternatively the AC203510 method can be used with 10mm square vials and the AC203550 method can be used with 50mm rectangular vials All blank and sample volumes must remain the same as those specified in these instructions so samples may need to be prepared in separate containers and then transferred into the selected vial Vial cleaning As many hou...

Page 58: ...g the measuring range Concentrations above 22 mg l bromine can lead to results showing 0 mg l In this event the water sample must be diluted with water free of bromine 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated Oxidizing agents such as chlorine or ozone interfere as they react in the same way as bromine ...

Page 59: ...from the foil into the same vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 8 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l chloride Notes En...

Page 60: ...r and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l free chlorine 12 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 13 Add one DPD No 3 Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 14 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the ext...

Page 61: ...rried out at a pH value of 6 2 to 6 5 The reagents therefore contain a buffer for the pH adjustment Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7 before the reagent is added use 0 5 mol l sulfuric acid or 1 mol l sodium hydroxide Exceeding the measuring range Concentrations above 10 mg l chlorine using tablets can lead to results showing 0 mg l In this event the wa...

Page 62: ...on key to display the result in mg l free chlorine Notes Alternatively the AC207110 method can be used with 10mm square vials and the AC207150 method can be used with 50mm rectangular vials All blank and sample volumes must remain the same as those specified in these instructions so samples may need to be prepared in separate containers and then transferred into the selected vial Vial cleaning As ...

Page 63: ...g l chlorine using tablets can lead to results showing 0 mg l In this event the water sample must be diluted with water free of chlorine 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated Turbidity can lead to errors The use of the DPD No 1 tablet in samples with high calcium ion contents and or high conductivity can lead to turbidity of the sample and theref...

Page 64: ... of 2 minutes 11 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 12 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l total chlorine Notes Alternatively the AC207210 method can be used with 10mm square vials and the AC207250 method can be used with 50mm rectangular vials All blank and sample volumes must remain the same as those specified in these ...

Page 65: ...id or 1 mol l sodium hydroxide Exceeding the measuring range Concentrations above 10 mg l chlorine using tablets can lead to results showing 0 mg l In this event the water sample must be diluted with water free of chlorine 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated Turbidity can lead to errors The use of the DPD No 1 tablet in samples with high calciu...

Page 66: ... substances the subsequent determination of chlorine may show lower results To avoid any measurement errors only use glassware free of chlorine demand Preparation Put all applicable glassware into sodium hypochlorite solution 0 1 g l for one hour and then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionized water For individual testing of free and total chlorine the use of different sets of glassware is ...

Page 67: ...ergent contain reducing substances the subsequent determination of chlorine may show lower results To avoid any measurement errors only use glassware free of chlorine demand Preparation Put all applicable glassware into sodium hypochlorite solution 0 1 g l for one hour and then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionized water For individual testing of free and total chlorine the use of differen...

Page 68: ...lank function key to measure the blank 5 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 6 Add one Chlorine HR KI Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Add one Acidifying GP Tablet straight from the foil into the same vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 8 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times un...

Page 69: ... dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l chlorine dioxide Chlorine Dioxide Measurement in Presence of Chlorine 1 Load and run the AC209924 method 2 Fill a clean AQUAfast 24mm round vial Cat No AC2V24 with 10 ml of sample Close the vial tightly wi...

Page 70: ... measurement errors only use glassware free of chlorine demand Preparation Put all applicable glassware into sodium hypochlorite solution 0 1 g l for one hour and then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionized water Preparing the sample When preparing the sample the escape of chlorine dioxide gases i e by pipetting or shaking must be avoided The analysis must take place immediately after takin...

Page 71: ...vial tightly with the cap Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 10 Open the sample chamber door Remove the blank vial from the holder 11 Place the reagent blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 12 Press the Measure Rgnt Bla...

Page 72: ...l the vials to room temperature for final measurements Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements For this reason it is important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber The precipitate at the bottom of the sample should be not suspended Clean the outside of the vials with a towel Fingerprints or other marks must be removed Samples can be measured when the chloride cont...

Page 73: ...d close the chamber door 8 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 9 Open the sample chamber door Remove the blank vial from the holder 10 Place the sample vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l oxygen Notes Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials The blank is stable ...

Page 74: ... Blank function key to measure the blank 9 Open the sample chamber door Remove the blank vial from the holder 10 Place the sample vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l oxygen Notes Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials The blank is stable when stored in the dark and can be used for ...

Page 75: ...until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l free copper 10 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 11 Add one Copper No 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the same vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir r...

Page 76: ...ial 8 Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes 9 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 10 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l free copper Notes For determination of total copper a digestion is required Extremely acid water samples pH 2 or less must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 6 before the reagent is added with 8 mol l pot...

Page 77: ... tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved see notes below Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l cyanuric acid Notes If cyanuric acid is present a cloudy solution will...

Page 78: ...imes and then fill the vial with exactly 10 ml of sample 12 Add exactly 2 ml SPADNS Solution to the vial CAUTION The vial will be filled to the top 13 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 14 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 15 Press the Measure Sample function key to di...

Page 79: ...e test result is highly dependent on exact sample and reagent volumes the sample and reagent volumes should always be measured using a 10 ml or 2 ml volumetric pipette class A The accuracy of the test methods decreases above a level of 1 2 mg l fluoride Although the results are sufficiently accurate for most applications more exact results can be achieved using a 1 1 dilution of the sample prior t...

Page 80: ...e sample chamber and close the chamber door 10 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l total hardness For High Range Total Hardness Measurements 1 Load and run the AC3032TH method 2 Fill a clean AQUAfast 24mm round vial Cat No AC2V24 with 1 ml of sample and 9 ml of deionized water Close the vial tightly with the cap Wipe the exterior of the vial 3 Place the vial into th...

Page 81: ...o mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 9 The slight turbidity that occurs when the reagent is added must be removed by filtration 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l hydrazine Notes If the water sample is cloudy you must filter i...

Page 82: ... in mg l iron Notes Alternatively the AC207850 method can be used with 50mm rectangular vials All blank and sample volumes must remain the same as those specified in these instructions so samples may need to be prepared in separate containers and then transferred into the selected vial This method determines the total dissolved iron as Fe2 and Fe3 For the determination of total dissolved and undis...

Page 83: ... in mg l iron Notes The reagent reacts with all soluble iron and most insoluble forms of iron in the water sample Iron oxide requires prior digestion use mild vigorous or Digesdahl digestion An example of digestion with acid is described here i Add 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 100 ml water sample Heat and boil for 10 minutes or until all particles are dissolved After cooling down the samp...

Page 84: ...ce the sample vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l iron Notes For determination of total iron digestion is required TPTZ reagent recovers most insoluble iron oxides without digestion Rinse all glassware with 1 1 hydrochloric acid solution first and then rinse with deionized water to remove iron ...

Page 85: ...e Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 5 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 6 Add one Manganese LR 1 Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Add one Manganese LR 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 8 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several t...

Page 86: ...ame size by holding the bottle vertically and squeezing slowly Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exteriors of the vials 8 Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes 9 Place the blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 10 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 11 Open the sample cha...

Page 87: ...e contents 8 Add the contents of one Sodium Periodate Powder Pack straight from the foil into the vial 9 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 10 Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes 11 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 12 Press the Measure Sample function key to displ...

Page 88: ... the foil into the same vial Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents 8 Add the contents of one Molybdenum HR 3 F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil into the same vial Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes 10 Place the vial i...

Page 89: ... Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial 5 Close the vials tightly with the caps and invert gently about 10 times to mix contents Some solids may not dissolve Wipe the exteriors of the vials 6 Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes 7 Place the blank vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 8 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 9 Open th...

Page 90: ... foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 9 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 10 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l nitrite as N ...

Page 91: ...straight from the foil into the vial 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes 9 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 10 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l nitrite as N Notes Interferences o Strong oxi...

Page 92: ...the reagent 8 Close the vials tightly with the caps and shake the vials for at least 15 seconds to mix contents 9 Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes 10 Open the digestion vials and add the contents of one TN Reagent B Power Pack straight from the foil into each vial Use a funnel to add the reagent 11 Close the vials tightly with the caps and shake the vials for at least 15 seconds to mix cont...

Page 93: ... ml volumetric pipettes class A One blank is sufficient for each set of samples After taking the blank measurement it is possible to measure several samples It is very important to remove the vials from the reactor after exactly 30 minutes Large quantities of nitrogen free organic compounds that are included in some water samples may reduce the effectiveness of the digestion by reacting with the p...

Page 94: ...the reagent 8 Close the vials tightly with the caps and shake the vials for at least 15 seconds to mix contents 9 Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes 10 Open the digestion vials and add the contents of one TN Reagent B Power Pack straight from the foil into each vial Use a funnel to add the reagent 11 Close the vials tightly with the caps and shake the vials for at least 15 seconds to mix cont...

Page 95: ... ml volumetric pipettes class A One blank is sufficient for each set of samples After taking the blank measurement it is possible to measure several samples It is very important to remove the vials from the reactor after exactly 30 minutes Large quantities of nitrogen free organic compounds that are included in some water samples may reduce the effectiveness of the digestion by reacting with the p...

Page 96: ...he tablets are dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber Close the sample chamber door 11 Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes 12 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg L ozone Ozone Measurement in Presence of Chlorine 1 Load and run the AC3048 method 2 Fill a clean AQUAfast 24mm round vial Cat No AC2V24 with 10 ml...

Page 97: ... free of chlorine demand Preparation Put all applicable glassware into a sodium hypochlorite solution 0 1 g l for one hour and then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionized water Preparing the sample When preparing the sample the lost of ozone i e by pipetting or shaking must be avoided The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample The DPD color development is carried out a...

Page 98: ...y with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in pH units Notes Water samples with low values of alkalinity m below 35 mg l CaCO3 may give wrong pH readings pH values below 6 5 and above 8 4 ca...

Page 99: ... tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 9 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in pH units Notes When testing chlorinated water the residual chlorine contents can influence the color reaction of the liquid reagent This can be avo...

Page 100: ...pe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l ortho phosphate Notes Only ortho phosphate ions react The tablets must be added in the correct sequence The test sample should have a pH value between 6 and 7 Interferences Hi...

Page 101: ...til the tablets are dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 11 Press the Measure Sample function key to display the result in mg l ortho phosphate Notes For samples under 5 mg l PO4 it is recommended to analyze the sample using the AC2095 phosphate ortho low range tablet te...

Page 102: ...ortho phosphate Notes Ortho phosphate ions react with the reagent to form an intense blue color Phosphate in organic and condensed inorganic forms meta pyro and polyphosphates must be converted to ortho phosphate ions before analysis Pretreatment of the sample with acid and heat provides the conditions for hydrolysis of the condensed inorganic forms Organically combined phosphates are converted to...

Page 103: ...Notes Ortho phosphate ions react with the reagent to form an intense blue color Phosphate in organic and condensed inorganic forms meta pyro and polyphosphates must be converted to ortho phosphate ions before analysis Pretreatment of the sample with acid and heat provides the conditions for hydrolysis of the condensed inorganic forms Organically combined phosphates are converted to ortho phosphate...

Page 104: ...nto the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 10 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 11 Open the sample chamber door Remove the vial from the holder 12 Add the contents of one Phosphate Rgt F10 Power Pack straight from the foil into the vial Use a funnel to add the reagent 13 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl the vial for 10 15 seconds to mix the...

Page 105: ...uld be adjusted between pH 2 and pH 10 before analysis with 1 mol l hydrochloric acid or 1 mol l sodium hydroxide Phosphate ortho Phosphorus reactive Interferences Large amounts of turbidity may cause inconsistent results Interfering Substance Interference Level Aluminum greater than 200 mg l Arsenate at any level Chromium greater than 100 mg l Copper greater than 10 mg l Iron greater than 100 mg ...

Page 106: ...oor 9 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 10 Open the sample chamber door Remove the vial from the holder 11 Add the contents of one Phosphate Rgt F10 Power Pack straight from the foil into the vial Use a funnel to add the reagent 12 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl the vial for 10 15 seconds to mix contents The reagent will not completely dissolve Wipe the exter...

Page 107: ...uld be adjusted between pH 2 and pH 10 before analysis with 1 mol l hydrochloric acid or 1 mol l sodium hydroxide Phosphate ortho Phosphorus reactive Interferences Large amounts of turbidity may cause inconsistent results Interfering Substance Interference Level Aluminum greater than 200 mg l Arsenate at any level Chromium greater than 100 mg l Copper greater than 10 mg l Iron greater than 100 mg ...

Page 108: ...he vial from the holder 6 Add one Silica No 1 Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved 8 Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes 9 Add one Silica No 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 10 Close the vial tigh...

Page 109: ...h a clean stir rod 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved 8 Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes 9 Add one Silica PR Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 10 Add one Silica No 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the same vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 11 Close the vial tight...

Page 110: ...ap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents 10 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 11 Add the contents of one Silica Citric Acid F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil into the same vial In this step any yellow color due to phosphate is removed 12 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 13 Wait for a ...

Page 111: ...le chamber and close the chamber door 4 Press the Measure Blank function key to measure the blank 5 Open the sample chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 6 Add the contents of one Sulpha 4 F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil into the vial 7 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times to mix the contents Wipe the exterior of the vial 8 Wait for a reaction per...

Page 112: ... tablet with a clean stir rod 7 Add one Sulfide No 2 Tablet straight from the foil into the same vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 8 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablets are dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 9 Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes 10 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door...

Page 113: ... chamber door and remove the vial from the holder 12 Add one EDTA Tablet straight from the foil into the vial Crush the tablet with a clean stir rod 13 Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl or invert several times until the tablet is dissolved Wipe the exterior of the vial 14 Place the vial into the holder in the sample chamber and close the chamber door 15 Press the Measure Sample functio...

Page 114: ...sed in various algorithms which are defined by the test method Many groups publish methods for measuring color Examples of spectrophotometric methods are Platinum Cobalt Color Tristimulus Values and ADMI methods2 Specific method references for color in water include APHA Standard Methods 2120 EPA 110 1 DIN ISO 7887 and SAC 436 nm China MEP GB 11903 NCASI Technical Bulletin 253 or 803 and others Co...

Page 115: ...s adapted from the NCASI Technical Bulletin 803 for pulp and paper effluent4 which supersedes NCASI Technical Bulletin 253 The true color is determined in a sample with the pH adjusted to 7 6 0 05 pH and then passed through a 0 8 µm filter The apparent color is determined in the original sample Samples with high color should be diluted to fall within the range of the standard curve There are also ...

Page 116: ...he 10 mm sample cell size is not recommended for color testing Turbidity Effect on Color Measurement When measuring true color turbidity must be removed since it can cause light scattering and increase the color value Turbidity may also affect the precision of the measurement Chart 1 demonstrates that filtering reduces the color reading the more turbid the sample the more significant the effect Ch...

Page 117: ... mm Multiple wavelengths 400 to 700nm range Water and wastewater samples of color different from but not excluding Pt Co standards Application Notes Application notes for color testing are available through your local technical sales representative our technical support service our website and other Thermo Scientific web locations These notes give detailed information on how to test for color on o...

Page 118: ...10B UV Absorbing Organic Constituents www standardmethods org 3 Orion AquaMate 8000 UV Vis Instrument User Guide Recommended Equipment Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate AQ8000 spectrophotometer Filtration apparatus e g Fisher XX1004707 0 45 µm filters 47 mm e g Fisher HNWP04700 Vacuum source aspirator air flow or water flow hand operated or low pressure electric vacuum pump UV disposable cuvettes 1...

Page 119: ...ides of the cell rinse a clean cell three times with DI water Then fill with DI water Use a lint free wiper to remove water on the outside 2 Open the sample compartment and insert the sample cell containing DI water the blank into the sample holder with the clear sides facing front and back If sample cell is not in the light path press the correct sample position key Close the lid then press the M...

Page 120: ...eity 5 Measure 50 mL of the sample to a 100 mL beaker using a graduated cylinder 6 Immerse the pH probe in the sample and record the initial pH 7 Adjust the sample into the range of pH 4 to 10 by adding drop wise 0 1N sodium hydroxide to raise the pH or by adding drop wise 0 1N hydrochloric acid to lower the pH Different strength acid or base can be used if needed 8 Note that the overall volume ch...

Page 121: ...25 0 mg L in phosphate buffer prepared per SM 5910B tested in a 1 cm cell demonstrate good precision The relative standard deviation RSD of 14 test results on the AQ8000 is 0 3 RSD well within the maximum 10 7 limit expected per SM 5910B Notes 1 If the preprogrammed method is not on the memory stick download the method file from the our Online Library at www thermoscientific com waterlibrary or ca...

Page 122: ...the test kit Always follow the reagent instructions provided by the test kit manufacturer when creating a custom method Note If the manufacturer does not specify the wavelength for the test kit the Scanning test technique should be used with a prepared standard to determine the wavelength parameter for the reagent before creating a standard curve Use Standard Curve Test Technique To create a stand...

Page 123: ...ghlight Standard Curve and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including Test Name Wavelength Curve Fit Number of Standards Units and Sample Positioner a See the Parameters section for more information on the test parameter settings b See the Sample Positioner Setting for the Vial Holder Carousel section for detailed information on selecting the appropriate Sam...

Page 124: ... Auto 3 is selected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank and standards in the appropriate positions on the carousel b For each standard use the numeric keypad to enter the concentration of the standard and press the enter key to save the value c Press the Measure Standard function key Confirm that the blank and standards are in the appropriate positions on the carousel and press the...

Page 125: ...t from the carousel c Place the standard in the appropriate position on the vial holder carousel If needed use the Sample Positioner keypad to set the vial location Press the Measure Standard function key and press the enter key to measure the standard Repeat for each standard 5 When all of the standards have been measured the absorbance of each standard will be displayed with the slope intercept ...

Page 126: ...ress the Run Test function key to start measuring samples Measuring Samples using a Standard Curve Once the standards have been measured for the standard curve 1 Press the Run Test function key 2 Prepare the blank and samples that will be measured 3 If Auto 6 or Auto 3 is selected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank and samples in the appropriate positions on the vial holder carous...

Page 127: ...en measured remove it from the carousel c Place the sample in the appropriate position on the vial holder carousel If needed use the Sample Positioner keypad to set the vial location Press the Measure Sample function key to measure the sample Repeat for each sample 5 When all of the samples have been measured press the Save Data function key and follow the onscreen prompts to save the sample measu...

Page 128: ...Chapter 6 Standard Curve Test Menu 128 Orion AquaMate Spectrophotometer User Manual Thermo Scientific ...

Page 129: ... press the enter key a If Edit Concentration is selected use the numeric keypad to enter the concentration of the highlighted standard and press the enter key b If Add Standard is selected use the numeric keypad to enter the concentration of the new standard and press the enter key Follow the steps in the Measuring Standards for a Standard Curve section to re measure all of the standards c If Dele...

Page 130: ...e To change the curve fit for a standard curve the standard curve must be displayed as a graph not as a table 1 With the standard curve displayed as a graph press the Change Fit function key 2 Press the or key to highlight the desired curve fit and press the enter key 3 The instrument will apply the selected curve fit to the data and display the new fit ...

Page 131: ...test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Standard Curve and press the enter key 3 To recall an existing standard curve press the Stored Tests function key 4 Press the or key to highlight Load internal test or Load test from USB drive and press the enter key 5 Press the or key to highlight the desired test and press the enter key ...

Page 132: ...nt instructions provided by the test kit manufacturer when creating a custom method Note If the manufacturer does not specify the factor or equation for obtaining the concentration of the test kit the Standard Curve test technique should be used with prepared standards to determine the factor or equation for the reagent Use Scanning Test Technique To scan samples by setting parameters collecting a...

Page 133: ... a See the Parameters section for more information on the test parameter settings i Use the Baseline Expiration Setting to set a baseline expiration time ii If Auto Save Data is set On enter a Data File Name before accessing the Run Test or Measure Samples functions b See the Sample Positioner Setting for the Vial Holder Carousel section for detailed information on selecting the appropriate Sample...

Page 134: ... B position on the vial holder carousel and press the Collect Baseline function key 4 While the instrument is taking the baseline a Collecting baseline message will be shown indicating the progress of the baseline scan After the baseline is measured the message will update to Baseline Collected Remove the blank from the sample compartment 5 Place the sample in the appropriate position on the vial ...

Page 135: ...Chapter 7 Wavelength Scanning Test Menu Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate Spectrophotometer User Manual 135 ...

Page 136: ...n perform calculations on the scanned data and label peaks and valleys When working with tabular scan data press the Edit Data function key before performing other functions on the data Use the Edit Data menu to rescale tabular scan data Rescaling Graphical Scan Data Modify the scale of the scan data plot automatically or manually When Auto Scale is selected the instrument scales the X and Y axes ...

Page 137: ... apply the new value The instrument will redraw the graph using the entered minimum and maximum values c Press the Cursor function key to identify specific points along the X axis Press the Cursor function key to move to the desired minimum wavelength value and press the Set Min X reset the minimum wavelength value and redraw the graph Press the Cursor function key to move to the desired maximum w...

Page 138: ...th value press the Next Cursor function key and repeat for the center cursor line and right cursor line ii Press the Enter Factor function key to access the set factor box use the numeric keypad to enter the desired factor value and press the enter key iii The instrument will calculate the value for the 3 point net absorbance for the selected wavelengths multiplied by the selected factor c Press t...

Page 139: ...highlight Calculation baseline and press the enter key to toggle between the Zero and Tangent settings Press the esc key once all settings are complete v The instrument will calculate the area under a curve value for the selected wavelengths factor and calculation method d Press the Peaks Valleys function key to label the valleys and peaks on the graph Press the or key to highlight the type of lab...

Page 140: ... Select the scan data a To use all the scan data press the Use all data function key b To select specific start and end wavelengths press the or key to highlight the appropriate data point in the table for the starting wavelength press the Start nm function key press the or key to highlight the appropriate data point in the table for the ending wavelength and press the End nm function key 4 The in...

Page 141: ...the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Scanning and press the enter key 3 To recall an existing scan method press the Stored Tests function key 4 Press the or key to highlight Load internal test or Load test from USB drive and press the enter key 5 Press the or key to highlight the desired test and press the enter key ...

Page 142: ... an instant measurement mode The user simply walks up to the instrument inserts a sample and measures it Depending on whether the mode is set to Absorbance A Transmittance T or Concentration the measurement results appear along with the type of measurement date and time wavelength and vial position In the main measurement mode press the Change Mode function key to toggle between Absorbance Transmi...

Page 143: ...ngth value Measuring a Blank 1 Place the blank in the vial holder carousel Note If a 3 position or 6 position vial holder carousel is in use the blank must be placed in the B position The instrument always uses the B position to collect the blank measurement 2 To enter an absorbance or transmittance value for the blank use the numeric keypad to enter the desired value 3 Press the Measure Blank fun...

Page 144: ... Parameters for Advanced A T C Method 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Advanced A T C and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including Test Name Measurement Mode Wavelength and Sample Positioner a Some parameters only appear when one of the concentration modes is selected while others appear regardless of the s...

Page 145: ...ey c Once the blank and samples have been measured remove them from the carousel d To measure additional samples press the Measure Sample function key and repeat steps 3a through 3c 4 If Manual 6 or Single Cell Holder is selected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank in the B position on the vial holder carousel and press the Measure Blank function key Once the blank has been measure...

Page 146: ...od 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Advanced A T C and press the enter key 3 To recall an existing standard curve press the Stored Tests function key 4 Press the or key to highlight Load internal test or Load test from USB drive and press the enter key 5 Press the or key to highlight the desired test and press the enter key ...

Page 147: ...A T C mode is similar to measuring absorbance or transmittance The Basic A T C mode measures concentration using either a standard Conc Std or factor Conc Factor to convert absorbance readings to concentration units When using a standard specify the concentration of the standard and measure its absorbance When using a factor specify the factor and concentration units The steps for taking measureme...

Page 148: ... 3 Prepare the blank and standard that will be used to calculate sample concentration 4 Place the blank in the B position and press the Measure Blank function key Once the blank has been measured remove it from the carousel 5 Press the Units Standard function key to set the units and measure the standard a Press the Enter Conc function key use the numeric keypad to enter the concentration of the s...

Page 149: ... numeric keypad to enter the wavelength value for taking measurements Press the Set nm function key again to save the entered wavelength value 3 Press the Units Factor function key to set the units and enter the factor a Press the Enter Factor function key use the numeric keypad to enter the value of the factor and press the enter key b Press the Select Units function key press the or key to highl...

Page 150: ...s to concentration units When using a standard specify the concentration of the standard and measure its absorbance When using a factor specify the factor and concentration units The steps for taking measurements in the two modes are similar the only difference is if a standard is measured or a factor is entered Setting the Parameters for Advanced A T C Method 1 Press the test key to access the Te...

Page 151: ...nction key and follow the onscreen prompts to save the test Measuring a Standard with Advanced A T C Method Once the parameters have been set for the concentration test and the measurement mode is set to Conc Std 1 Press the Run Standard function key 2 Prepare the blank and standard that will be measured 3 Use the numeric keypad to enter the concentration of the standard and press the enter key to...

Page 152: ...est function key and follow the onscreen prompts 8 Press the Run Test function key to start measuring samples Taking Measurements with Advanced A T C Method Once the parameters have been set for the concentration test 1 Press the Run Test function key 2 Prepare the blank and samples that will be measured 3 If Auto 6 or Auto 3 is selected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank and samp...

Page 153: ...les have been measured press the Save Data function key and follow the onscreen prompts to save the sample measurements to the USB memory stick Recalling an Existing Advanced A T C Method 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Advanced A T C and press the enter key 3 To recall an existing standard curve press the Stored Tests function key 4 Press the or ...

Page 154: ...ing the Parameters for Multiwavelength Method 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Multiwavelength and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including Test Name Measurement Mode and Sample Positioner a Some parameters only appear when the concentration mode is selected while others appear regardless of the selected me...

Page 155: ...ppropriate positions on the carousel b Confirm that the blank and samples are in the appropriate positions on the carousel and press the enter key c Once the blank and samples have been measured remove them from the carousel d To measure additional samples press the Measure Sample function key and repeat steps 3a through 3c 4 If Manual 6 or Single Cell Holder is selected for the Sample Positioner ...

Page 156: ... Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Multiwavelength and press the enter key 3 To recall an existing multiwavelength method press the Stored Tests function key 4 Press the or key to highlight Load internal test or Load test from USB drive and press the enter key 5 Press the or key to highlight the desired test and press the enter key ...

Page 157: ...des a convenient and quick diagnostic test for sample quality This section covers Setting Up Test Parameters Taking Measurements Recalling a Test Setting the Parameters for Absorbance Ratio Method 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Absorbance Ratio and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including Test Name Wavele...

Page 158: ...elected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank in the B position on the vial holder carousel and press the Measure Blank function key Once the blank has been measured remove it from the carousel b Place the sample in the appropriate position on the vial holder carousel If needed use the Sample Positioner keypad to set the vial location Press the Measure Sample function key Repeat for ...

Page 159: ...ides a convenient and quick diagnostic test for sample quality This section covers Setting Up Test Parameters Taking Measurements Recalling a Test Setting the Parameters for Absorbance Difference Method 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Absorbance Difference and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including Test ...

Page 160: ...ected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank in the B position on the vial holder carousel and press the Measure Blank function key Once the blank has been measured remove it from the carousel b Place the sample in the appropriate position on the vial holder carousel If needed use the Sample Positioner keypad to set the vial location Press the Measure Sample function key Repeat for ea...

Page 161: ...o give the concentration of the measured analyte in the appropriate concentration units This section covers Setting Up Test Parameters Taking Measurements Recalling a Test Setting the Parameters for 3 Point Net Method 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight 3 Point Net and press the enter key 3 Highlight and change the displayed test parameters including ...

Page 162: ...s selected for the Sample Positioner setting a Place the blank in the B position on the vial holder carousel and press the Measure Blank function key Once the blank has been measured remove it from the carousel b Place the sample in the appropriate position on the vial holder carousel If needed use the Sample Positioner keypad to set the vial location Press the Measure Sample function key Repeat f...

Page 163: ... Test Parameters Taking Measurements Recalling a Test Recalling and Recalculating Graphical Kinetics Results Rescaling and Recalculating Tabular Kinetics Results Modifying the scale of the plot You can work with graphical or tabular data and perform the same functions with either However the location of the function keys depends on the display type Note The Kinetics application can measure only on...

Page 164: ...ameter is used to enter the time between repeated readings c The Measure Blank parameter is used to select the frequency of zeroing the instrument as function key as once or every reading d See the Parameters section for more information on the test parameter settings e Press the or key to highlight More parameters and press the enter key to view additional parameters displayed on the second page ...

Page 165: ... the sample in the appropriate position on the vial holder carousel If needed use the Sample Positioner keypad to set the vial location Press the Measure Sample function key 5 After the measurement is complete the kinetics data and rate will be shown Press the Tabular or Graph function key to switch between tabular and graphical displays a On the graphical display press the Edit Graph function key...

Page 166: ...aximum values for the X axis and recalculate the results To use Auto Scale 1 With kinetics data displayed on the Edit Graph screen press the Auto Scale function key 2 The instrument adjusts the minimum and maximum values for the X and Y axes so all the data appears on the plot The instrument also recalculates the results using all the data and displays them To use Manual Scale 1 With kinetics data...

Page 167: ...pecific start and end times When you modify the start and end times or select all the data the instrument recalculates and displays the new reaction rate and result The edit screen allows you to use all the data to recalculate the results and select specific start and end times for the rate calculation and recalculate the results To use all the data to calculate the reaction rate 1 With tabular ki...

Page 168: ...he instrument Wavelength Accuracy Internal Wavelength Accuracy Standards Photometric Accuracy Noise Measurement Stray Light filters Stray Light liquids Run the appropriate tests regularly and maintain a log of results to help document the reliability of the instrument and indicate potential performance issues Note If a printer is connected enabled and active the instrument automatically prints tes...

Page 169: ...the description of each test Make sure to follow the instructions for the test properly Make sure filters and standards are clean Check that the sample compartment door is closed during the test Check that the sample compartment is clear of obstructions Make sure the vial holder carousel is installed properly If the 6 position vial holder carousel is installed run the test once with the sample com...

Page 170: ...aracterized and suitable for use as wavelength standards When running the internal standard test remember that The wavelengths and tolerance values are preset and cannot be changed The vial holder should be empty To run the Wavelength Accuracy Internal test 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Performance Verification and press the enter key 3 Press th...

Page 171: ...the standards in the order they are listed on the test screen The wavelength standard at only five wavelengths can be measured To run the Wavelength Accuracy Standards test 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Performance Verification and press the enter key 3 Press the or key to highlight Wavelength Accuracy Standards and press the enter key 4 Enter t...

Page 172: ...will indicate pass or fail for each wavelength If the test fails follow these guidelines Repeat the test twice to verify that the test is failing consistently Make sure the target and tolerance values you entered for the calibrated wavelength are the same as the values on the calibration certificate for the standard ...

Page 173: ...order they are listed on the test screen You can use one to five standards To run the Photometric Accuracy test 1 Press the test key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Performance Verification and press the enter key 3 Press the or key to highlight Photometric Accuracy and press the enter key 4 To switch between absorbance and Transmittance press the Change to T or Chang...

Page 174: ...t for each standard 6 Verify that the wavelengths absorbance or T and tolerances are set correctly 7 Press the Start Test function key 8 The results will indicate pass or fail for each wavelength If the test fails follow these guidelines Repeat the test twice to verify that the test is failing consistently Follow the guidelines provided with the standard reference materials Contact technical suppo...

Page 175: ...key to access the Test Types menu 2 Press the or key to highlight Performance Verification and press the enter key 3 Press the or key to highlight Noise Measurement and press the enter key 4 With the Blank position empty insert the 2A filter in position 1 Ignore the test results at 2A if you do not have a filter installed in position 1 5 Press the Start Test function key 6 The results will indicat...

Page 176: ...struments Position B should be empty Use position 1 for the 220 nm stray light standard SRE 220 or equivalent Use position 2 for the 340 nm stray light standard SRE 340 or equivalent Use position 3 for the 400 nm stray light standard SRE 400 or equivalent For Vis only instruments Position B should be empty Use position 1 for the 340 nm stray light standard SRE 340 or equivalent Use position 2 for ...

Page 177: ... or fail for each wavelength If the test fails follow these guidelines Repeat the test twice to verify that the test is failing consistently Make sure all the filters being used are specifically designed to measure stray light at the specific wavelengths Verify that the filters are placed in the correct positions Contact technical support for more troubleshooting advice ...

Page 178: ...ng Operating the instrument with the cover off exposes the operator to potentially dangerous voltages and ultraviolet UV radiation Therefore we recommend that only authorized service representatives perform procedures requiring removal of the instrument cover and replacement of electrical components To protect both yourself and the instrument be sure to contact an authorized service representative...

Page 179: ...intaining Vials and Cuvettes Carefully check the condition of the vials cuvettes and other cells used to measure samples If they are chipped cracked or scratched it is important to discard the damaged vials and replace them with new ones Ensuring your vials are clean both inside and out is important to the quality of your results for two reasons 1 contaminating material may absorb light resulting ...

Page 180: ...bath between uses If the solvent you are using dries impurities in the water or solvent may be deposited on the inside of the vial or cuvette causing permanent damage Use only lens cleaning tissue paper or fine soft cloth to wipe optical surfaces Most paper products such as facial tissues paper towels etc contain wood fibers that can damage the vial or cuvette material At the end of the day ensure...

Page 181: ...s in an oven Micro flow cells can be kept clean by Flushing well with a solvent after use Aspirating dilute acid base non filming detergent or bleach through the cell in short bursts Storing with distilled water in the cell Cleaning the Windows of the Sample Compartment Do not use acetone or abrasive materials to clean the windows of the sample compartment Instead use a non abrasive laboratory cle...

Page 182: ...t fuse must be replaced with the same type and rate Important If the fuse fails repeatedly it may indicate a serious problem with the instrument Contact technical support as soon as possible To change the fuse 1 Turn off and unplug the instrument from the wall outlet or power strip 2 Position the instrument so you can access the power entry module on the back of the instrument 3 Remove the power c...

Page 183: ...ove the fuse holder 6 Unsnap both fuses to remove them 7 Insert the new fuses pushing them in so they snap into place 8 Replace the fuse cover 9 Replace the power cord 10 Plug the instrument back in to the wall outlet or power strip and turn on the power Note If the fuse blows again contact your distributor or technical support ...

Page 184: ... the lamp to cool for 10 minutes Warning Turn off and unplug the instrument before removing the cover of the lamp compartment To replace the tungsten lamp 1 Turn off and unplug the instrument from the wall outlet or power strip 2 Make sure the lamp has cooled for at least 10 minutes 3 Loosen the captive screw on the lamp door by rotating it counterclockwise about turn 4 Raise the lamp door Captive...

Page 185: ...he cable 8 Unpack the new lamp assembly 9 Use a soft lint free cloth to wipe off any fingerprints on the lamp 10 Connect the cable to the connector 11 Position the new assembly as shown above making sure to align the pins correctly 12 Tighten the thumbscrew 13 Close the lamp door 14 Turn on the instrument and press the utility key 15 Press the arrow keys to highlight Lamp Hours and press the enter...

Page 186: ...orized dealer Thermo Scientific Orion technical sales representative or contact us using the Water and Laboratory Products WLP information on the page back of this user manual Visit www thermoscientific com water to view Thermo Scientific Orion products and download product literature user manuals and manuals software updates and additional application and technical resources For the most current ...

Page 187: ...ata to be sent to an external device install the AquaMate USB driver on the computer and install a computer program for a data collection program such as Realterm or HyperTerminal AquaMate Spectrophotometer Setup for Computer Interfacing 1 Power on the Orion AquaMate spectrophotometer 2 Press the utility key to acess the utility menu 3 Press the or key to highlight the Printer option and press the...

Page 188: ... Insert the Orion AquaMate Documentation DVD into the computer CD DVD drive 3 Connect the USB computer cable to a USB port on the computer 4 Open the computer Device Manager a Click the Start icon b Right click the Computer button c Click the Properties button d Click the Device Manager button 5 Double click the Spectrophotometer button on the Device Manager window 6 Click the Update Driver button...

Page 189: ...Chapter 11 Customer Services Thermo Scientific Orion AquaMate Spectrophotometer User Manual 189 7 Click the Browse my computer for driver software button 8 Click the Browse button ...

Page 190: ...ntation DVD in the computer CD DVD drive and click the OK button a Select the Vista32 folder when using a computer with 32 bit Microsoft 7 or Vista operating system b Select the Vista64 folder when using a computer with 64 bit Microsoft 7 or Vista operating system c Select the XP32 folder when using a computer with Microsoft XP operating system 10 Click the Next button ...

Page 191: ...Program The AquaMate communcation settings are as follows Bits per second 19200 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow control None 1 Select a computer program for data collection and make sure the program including device drivers and plug ins is fully installed Realterm data collection software can be downloaded from their website and is used in the following instructions as an example 2 Open t...

Page 192: ...rvices 192 Orion AquaMate Spectrophotometer User Manual Thermo Scientific 4 Click the Port dropdown menu and select the COM port number of the Spectrophotometer USB connection 5 Click the Baud dropdown menu and select 19200 ...

Page 193: ... on the RealTerm window Select the Ascii option in Display As field 8 When data from the AquaMate spectrophotometer is ready to be sent to the computer first test the connection between the spectrophotometer and data collection program 9 Press the print key on the AquaMate spectrophotometer The data from the AquaMate spectrophotometer should appear on the program display ...

Page 194: ... on the RealTerm window 12 Click the button next to the File field and set the file type name and location For example use an Excel xls file type name the file AQ8000 Data xls and save the file to the computer desktop 13 Click the Start Overwrite button on the Capture tab of the RealTerm window The program is now ready to receive data from the AquaMate spectrophotometer and export the data to the ...

Page 195: ...he data file for example AQ8000 Data xls and format the data as needed AquaMate Spectrophotometer Setup for Printer Interfacing The AquaMate printer compatibility requirements are as follows Printer must be PCL5 or PCL6 Printer must be a printer only not a multi function printer For this example a PCL5 HP Laser Jet 1300 printer is used HP 2055D and Office jet 6000 printers have been used in the pa...

Page 196: ...esc key until the instrument returns to the main measurement screen USB Printer Cable Interfacing and Printing Data 1 Connect the USB cable to the USB printer port on the back of the AquaMate spectrophotometer 2 Connect the USB printer cable to the USB port on the printer 3 When data from the AquaMate spectrophotometer is ready to be sent to the printer press the print key on the AquaMate spectrop...

Page 197: ... Photometric Measurement Modes Absorbance transmittance concentration Photometric Range 0 5 to 5 0 A 1 5 to 125 T 9999 C Photometric Linearity Up to 3 5 A at 260 nm Photometric Accuracy 0 005 A at 1 0 A 0 00025 at 0 0 A Photometric Noise 0 00050 at 1 0 A 0 00080 at 2 0 A RMS at 260 nm Photometric Drift 0 0005 A hr Photometric Stray Light 0 08 T at 220 nm and 340 nm 0 1 T at 340 nm and 400 nm 1 0 T...

Page 198: ... 125 T 9999 C Photometric Linearity Up to 3 0 A at 340 nm Photometric Accuracy 0 5 or 0 005 A whichever is greater up to 2 A Photometric Noise 0 001 A at 0 0 A 0 002 A at 2 0 A Peak to peak at 340 nm Photometric Drift 0 002 A hr after warm up Photometric Stray Light 0 08 T at 220 nm and 340 nm 0 1 T at 340 nm and 400 nm 1 0 T at 198 nm Display Graphical with LCD backlight 9 7 x 7 1 cm 3 8 x 2 8 in...

Page 199: ...K Singapore plug AQ220V AquaMate power cord 220 V Euro plug AQ110V AquaMate power cord 110 V US Japan plug AC2V24 24 mm round vials 12 pack AC2V16 16 mm round vials 10 pack COD165 Thermoreactor for digestion methods 100 120 150 160 165 C temperature control CODS01 1000 ppm COD standard 475 mL CODS10 10000 ppm COD standard 475 mL AC2002 Alkalinity M acid indicator method tablet reagent 100 tests AC...

Page 200: ... method powder reagent 100 tests AC4P55 Manganese high range periodate oxidation method powder reagent 100 tests AC4P42 Molybdate molybdenum mercaptoacetic acid method powder reagent 100 tests ACR007 Nitrate as nitrogen chromotropic acid method 50 reaction tubes AC2046 Nitrite as nitrogen n 1 naphthyl ethylenediamine method tablet reagent 100 tests AC4P46 Nitrite as nitrogen low range diazotizatio...

Page 201: ...method powder reagent 100 tests AC4P82 Sulfate barium sulfate turbidity method powder reagent 100 tests AC2016 Sulfide DPD catalyst method tablet reagent 50 tests AC2065 Zinc zincon method tablet reagent 50 tests Visit www thermoscientific com water for a complete listing of all available Thermo Scientific Orion meters electrodes solutions and accessories ...

Page 202: ...Add nm Adds a wavelength and factor to the list in multi wavelength tests and some performance verification tests Area Calculates area under the peak in the graph Scanning AutoPrint Turns the automatic printout on or off Autoscale Rescales the graph to the original ranges of X and Y axes Kinetics Scanning Baseline Expiration Enters time when the baseline for scan tests needs to be collected again ...

Page 203: ...the Stored Tests Directory Utility Delete Name Deletes the entire name to allow a new entry Test Name and Edit Units Delete nm Removes a wavelength and factor from the list Multiwavelength and Performance Verification Diluent Volume Enters the volume of diluent added before measurement Dilution Multiplier in some Bio Tests Dilution Multiplier Displays the factor used to correct for sample dilution...

Page 204: ...he instrument to the test parameters Utility Lock Unlock Used to protect stored tests from accidental deletion or alteration asks for a password to allow the user to lock or unlock the file Utility Low High Limits Enters the lowest and highest acceptable results outside of which the result is flagged as Low or High Adv A T C Std Curve Abs Ratio Abs Diff Kinetics 3 Pt Net some Bio Tests Math Access...

Page 205: ...ition B then goes to position 1 to start measurement Sample Volume Enters the total volume of sample under Dilution Multiplier in some Bio Tests Save Test Saves all parameters of the current test in internal memory for later recall Scan Speed Selects the speed nm min for a scan as Slow Medium or Fast Scanning Screen Contrast Improves visibility of the display by changing the contrast between the b...

Page 206: ...Directory Displays the list of tests stored in the instrument Utility Tabular Displays the list of collected data Kinetics Scanning Test Name Operator enters an alphanumeric name maximum of 16 characters for the test the name will be included on the data printout and if the test is saved will be displayed in the Utility Test Directory screen available in all tests Total Run Time Enters the time fr...

Page 207: ...or key to highlight Units and press the enter key 2 Press the or key to highlight the desired concentration units and press the enter key To Create Custom Units In addition to the common concentration units you can create a custom concentration unit and add it to the list This custom concentration unit can be changed when desired Only one custom concentration unit is available in the list at any g...

Page 208: ...ntific a To enter a new custom unit press the or key to highlight a character press the Add Character function key and repeat until the desired name is shown Press the Accept Name function key to save the entered name 4 Press the or key to highlight the custom concentration unit and press the enter key ...

Page 209: ...e of ith standard N Number of standards Linear Regression general case A A c Where A absorbance c concentration A c is defined by an equation of the form A c a4c4 a3c3 a2c2 a1c a0 Where a0 Y axis intercept a1 a4 coefficients Coefficients are computed using the least squares method Linear regression through zero A a1 c Where A absorbance c concentration a1 slope The slope is calculated as a1 SXY SX...

Page 210: ...segments must be ascending positive or descending negative Validity of standard curves A c1 A c2 for all c1 c2 or A c1 A c2 for all c1 c2 Where A absorbance c1 c2 concentration Graph of Valid Nonlinear Standard Curve If this is not the case there will be more than one solution within the specified domain and the message Curve cannot be used to determine sample concentrations it may produce ambiguo...

Page 211: ...ient applies only to first order linear regression curves first degree polynomials Linear regression through zero model 𝜎 𝑆𝑌𝑌 𝑎1 𝑆𝑋𝑌 𝑁 1 Absorbance Ratio 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝜆1 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝜆2 or 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝜆1 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝜆2 𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑓 Absorbance Difference Result Absλ1 factor1 Absλ2 factor2 or Result Absλ1 Absλref factor1 Absλ2 Absλref factor2 3 Point Net Baseline correction absorbance 𝐴2 𝐴3 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝜆3 𝜆2 𝜆3 𝜆1 3 Point Net Absorbance Samp...

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