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Creating Math Waveforms

CSA8000B & TDS8000B User Manual

3- 109

The procedure that follows demonstrates some common operations you can
perform on math waveforms:

Overview

To use math waveforms

Related control elements & resources

Prerequisites 1.

The Math waveform must be defined and displayed. See
the reference listed at right.

See To Define Math Waveforms on page 3--105

Select and dis-

play

2.

Press the Vertical MATH button. The button of the
currently displayed and selected math waveform will
light amber; the buttons of all other currently displayed
math waveforms will light green. Math waveforms not
displayed remain unlighted.

3.

Press any waveform button to make it the selected
waveform. If the waveform was not displayed,
operation is as follows:

H

If the waveform you select is defined, it displays,
otherwise..

H

the Define Math dialog box displays so that you
can define and turn on the waveform you just
selected. (See

To Define a Math Waveform

on

page 3--105 for a procedure for doing so.)

Tip.

You can also click the math waveform in the

display, or its icon at the left of the display, to select it.

Set scale and

position

4.

Use the Vertical Scale and Position knobs to size and
position the waveform on the screen.

Tip.

You can’t adjust the offset of a math waveform.

However, adjustments of offset settings in the source
waveforms will reflect in the math waveform as
determined by its expression.

Tip.

You can’t adjust horizontal scale, position, and

sample density (resolution) of math waveforms. If
adjusting these settings affect sources for a math
waveform, the adjustment will be reflected in the math
waveform.

To Use Math Waveforms

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Summary of Contents for CSA8000B Series

Page 1: ...User Manual CSA8000B Communications Signal Analyzer TDS8000B Digital Sampling Oscilloscope 071 1099 03 This document applies to firmware version 2 0 and above www tektronix com ...

Page 2: ...and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 or subparagraphs c 1 and 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 as applicable Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved Tektronix Inc P ...

Page 3: ...eturn of the product to Customer Customer shall be responsible for paying any associated taxes or duties This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representative...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...ampling Modules 1 10 Connect the Peripherals 1 12 Power On the Instrument 1 13 Powering Off the Instrument 1 15 Brightness and Contrast Adjustment Gamma 1 15 Back Up User Files 1 15 Software Installation 1 15 Description 1 16 Software Release Notes 1 16 Operating System Reinstallation 1 16 System Diagnostics 1 16 Windows Safe Mode 1 16 Incoming Inspection 1 17 Assemble Equipment 1 17 Perform the D...

Page 6: ...Scaling 3 4 Why Use 3 4 What s Special 3 5 What s Excluded 3 5 Keys to Using 3 5 To Set Up the Signal Input 3 8 To Autoset the Instrument 3 11 To Reset the Instrument 3 13 Signal Conditioning Background 3 13 Setting Acquisition Controls 3 21 Why Use 3 21 What s Special 3 21 What s Excluded 3 22 Keys to Using 3 22 To Set Acquisition Modes 3 24 To Start and Stop Acquisition 3 26 Acquisition Control ...

Page 7: ...9 Measuring Waveforms 3 73 Taking Automatic Measurements 3 74 Why Use 3 74 What s Measured 3 74 What s Special 3 74 What s Excluded 3 76 Keys to Using 3 76 To Take Automatic Measurements 3 80 To Localize a Measurement 3 83 Taking Cursor Measurements 3 85 Why Use 3 85 What s Measured 3 85 What Sources Can I Measure 3 86 Keys to Using Cursors 3 86 To Take a Cursor Measurement 3 89 To Set the Cursor ...

Page 8: ... Waveform 3 124 To Clear References 3 127 Exporting Waveforms and Histograms 3 128 Why Use 3 128 Keys to Using 3 128 To Export Your Waveform 3 128 To Export Your Histogram 3 129 To Use an Exported Waveform or Histogram 3 129 Printing Waveforms 3 132 Remote Communication 3 139 Using Masks Histograms and Waveform Databases 3 141 Mask Testing Waveforms 3 141 Why Use 3 141 What s Special 3 141 What s ...

Page 9: ...fications A 1 Certifications A 11 Appendix B Automatic Measurements Reference B 1 Pulse Measurements Amplitude B 2 Pulse Measurements Timing B 8 Pulse Measurement Area B 14 Return to Zero RZ Measurements Amplitude B 15 Return to Zero RZ Measurements Timing B 29 Return to Zero RZ Measurements Area B 36 Non Return to Zero NRZ Measurements Amplitude B 37 Non Return to Zero NRZ Measurements Timing B 5...

Page 10: ...on 1 31 Figure 1 15 Channel button location 1 32 Figure 1 16 Hookup for the gated trigger tests 1 33 Figure 1 17 Signal triggered 1 34 Figure 1 18 Signal not triggered signal frozen 1 35 Figure 1 19 Signal not triggered no signal 1 36 Figure 1 20 Signal triggered 1 37 Figure 3 1 Acquisition and display controls 3 4 Figure 3 2 Setting vertical scale and position of input channels 3 15 Figure 3 3 Va...

Page 11: ...e 3 24 Functional transformation of an acquired waveform 3 101 Figure 3 25 Export dialog box 3 129 Figure 3 26 Creating a user mask 3 144 Figure 3 27 Adding a new vertex 3 144 Figure 3 28 Vertical histogram view and statistics on data 3 154 Figure 3 29 Normal vector view of a waveform 3 163 Figure 3 30 Waveform database view of a waveform 3 163 Figure B 1 Reference level calculation methods B 56 F...

Page 12: ...s and the math waveforms produced 3 103 Table 3 9 Standard masks 3 142 Table 3 10 Histogram statistics 3 158 Table A 1 System Signal acquisition A 1 Table A 2 System Timebase A 2 Table A 3 System Trigger A 3 Table A 4 System Environmental A 6 Table A 5 Power consumption and cooling A 7 Table A 6 Display A 7 Table A 7 Ports A 8 Table A 8 Data storage A 9 Table A 9 Mechanical A 10 Table A 10 Certifi...

Page 13: ...ground Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product ensure that the product is properly grounded Observe All Terminal Ratings To avoid fire or shock hazard observe all ratings and markings on the product Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product Do not apply a potential to any terminal including the common termi...

Page 14: ...nditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property Terms on the Product These terms may appear on the product DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product Symbols on the Product The fo...

Page 15: ...ovides an incoming inspection procedure H Operating Basics uses maps to describe the various interfaces for controlling the instrument including the front panel and the software user interface These maps provide overviews of the product and its functions from several viewpoints H Reference comprises an encyclopedia of topics see Overview on page 3 1 that describe the instrument interface and featu...

Page 16: ...er manual for the optical sampling modules Included as a PDF file on the product software CD or the PDF file can be downloaded from the Tektronix website 80A01 Trigger Prescale Limiting Preamplifi er Module User Manual The user manual for the 80A01 Trigger Prescale Limiting Preamplifier Module Included as a standard accessory if you ordered this module with this instrument Shipped in the module pa...

Page 17: ... Sales support 1 800 833 9200 select option 1 Service support 1 800 833 9200 select option 2 Technical support Email techsupport tektronix com 1 800 833 9200 select option 3 6 00 a m 5 00 p m Pacific time This phone number is toll free in North America After office hours please leave a voice mail message Outside North America contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor see the Tektronix web si...

Page 18: ...Preface xiv CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 19: ...s manual supports two very similar instruments H The CSA8000B Communications Signal Analyzer H The TDS8000B Digital Sampling Oscilloscope Differences between the two instruments will be called out when necessary otherwise the material applies to both instruments The word instrument refers to either product Key Features The instrument is a high speed precision sampling system that finds use in vali...

Page 20: ...ith an extensive GPIB command set and a message based interface H true differential TDR with fast step 35 psec reflected risetime when used with a TDR capable sampling module H industry leading trigger bandwidth 12 GHz when using the built in prescaler H support of both telecom SONET and SDH and datacom Fibre Channel Infiniband and Gigabit Ethernet optical communication standards H powerful built ...

Page 21: ... and other long terrestrial links H analysis and connectivity tools enable the instrument to be controlled from a variety of local and remote environments and to share data with other commercially available analysis programs H pre defined built in masks in addition to the user defined masks H a large 10 inch color display that supports color grading of waveform data to show sample density H an int...

Page 22: ...sampling modules listed here were available at the time this manual was published see your Tektronix product catalog for current offerings Optical Sampling Modules H 80C01 622 2488 9953 Mb s 12 5 20 GHz optical module Clock Recovery 622 2488 Mb s added with option CR H 80C02 9 953 Gb s 20 30 GHz optical module Clock Recovery 9 953 Gb s added with option CR H 80C03 1 063 1 250 2 488 2 500 Gb s ampl...

Page 23: ...C H 80C08C 9 953 10 31 10 52 11 10 Gb s Multi rate amplified optical module Clock Recovery 9 953 and 10 3125 Gb s added with option CR1 Clock Recovery 10 3125 and 10 51875 Gb s added with option CR2 Continuous rate clock recovery added with CR4 H 80C09 9 953 10 71 Gb s Multi rate optical module Clock Recovery 9 953 and 10 709 Gb s added with option CR1 This module has been superseded by the 80C11 ...

Page 24: ...ization of high speed devices and circuits Other Modules H 80A01 Trigger Prescale Limiting Preamplifier Module A single channel module providing 8 14 GHz AC coupled 50 Ω limiting preamplification It increases the sensitivity of the prescale trigger input of the 8000 Series instruments to 200 mVpk pk H 80A02 EOS ESD Protection Module A module that protects the sensitive input stage of instruments s...

Page 25: ...retrieve them for maintenance purposes NOTE Keep the certificate of authenticity that accompanies the product software CD H the 8000 Series Demo Applications Software CD that includes an installa tion copy of the software This CD which is a separate CD from the Oscilloscope software includes the TDR Impedance Measuring application which implements the TDR calibration procedures specified by the IP...

Page 26: ...Check the Package Contents 1 8 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 27: ... on page 1 15 Check the Environmental Requirements Read this section before attempting any installation procedures This section describes site considerations power requirements and ground connections for your instrument The instrument is designed to operate on a bench or on a cart in the normal position on the bottom feet For proper cooling at least two inches 5 1 cm of clearance is recommended on...

Page 28: ... for instructions on how to install your sampling modules and then install them as outlined Sampling modules do not ship preinstalled NOTE After first installing a sampling module s or after moving a sampling module from one compartment to another you should run compensation from the Utilities menu to ensure the instrument meets it specifications You must run a compensation accessed from the Utili...

Page 29: ... Power is still provided to this small slot which does allow an 80A01 to be functional in this slot even when a large module is installed Eight channels Two large modules and three small modules CH 1 CH 2 N A 1 CH 6 CH 3 CH 8 CH 5 CH 7 N A CH 4 CH 1 CH 2 CH 6 CH 3 CH 8 CH 5 CH 7 N A CH 4 N A Eight channels No large and four small modules Seven channels One large module installed in either compartm...

Page 30: ...g Off the Instrument on page 1 15 Removable hard drive Monitor Printer RS 232 Network PS2 mouse1 PS2 keyboard1 USB CD drive GPIB Monitor Card slot2 Audio line out Audio line in 1Product ships with a USB keyboard that plugs into the USB port and a USB mouse that plugs into the back of the keyboard 2PCMCIA card readers are not available on the following products CSA8000B SN B020338 and above TDS8000...

Page 31: ...ge 3 126 Other Refer to the Application release notes on your System Rebuild CD for possible additional accessory installation information not covered in this manual Power On the Instrument Follow these steps to power on the instrument for the first time 1 Check that the line fuses are correct for your application Both fuses must be the same rating and type Fuse types require a unique cap and fuse...

Page 32: ... plugs into the back of the USB keyboard NOTE Connection of the keyboard and mouse is optional You can operate most features without them using the front panel controls and the touchscreen 3 Connect the power cord 4 If you have an external monitor connect the power cord and power on the monitor 5 Turn the Power switch on at the rear panel See Figure 1 4 on page 1 13 for switch location 6 Push the ...

Page 33: ...iles stored on the hard disk The Back Up tool is located in the System Tools folder in the Accessories folder 1 Minimize the UI application by clicking the minimize button in the upper right corner on screen 2 Click Start in the Task bar to pop up the Start menu 3 Select Programs Accessories System Tools Backup in the Start menu 4 Use the backup tool that displays to select your back up media and ...

Page 34: ...directory on the product C Programs Files TDSCSA8000 System If it becomes necessary to reinstall the Windows operating system use the CDs and instructions provided with your Windows Operating System Rebuild kit shipped with your instrument This process will return the hard disk to the its original condition present when the instrument shipped NOTE All data and programs you may have installed will ...

Page 35: ...e and the MS Windows 98 operating system is functioning QAPlus Win is only available on instruments using the MS Windows 98 operating system Instruments using the MS Windows 2000 operating system do not include QAPlus Win software NOTE The procedures that follow contain instructions based on the menus and controls supported by the version 1 5 release and later of the instrument firmware The proced...

Page 36: ... optical sampling module installed as outlined in its User manual optional test only if purchased with for your instrument H Mouse H Keyboard Perform the Diagnostics The instrument Diagnostics use internal routines to confirm basic functionality and proper adjustment Equipment required None Prerequisites First all sampling modules to be diagnosed must be installed as outlined in their user manuals...

Page 37: ... and Halt on Failure unchecked 3 Verify that the diagnostic suite passes a Click the Run button to execute the diagnostics b The diagnostics may take several minutes to complete Verify that Pass appears as Status in the dialog box when the diagnostics complete c If instead an error number appears as Status rerun the diagnostics If Fail status continues after rerunning diagnostics and you have allo...

Page 38: ... dust covers installed Prerequisites First all sampling modules to be compensated must be installed as outlined in their user manuals Second power on the instrument and allow a 20 minute warm up before doing this procedure 1 Run the compensation routines a From the application menu bar select Utilities and then select Com pensation In the Compensation dialog box the main instrument mainframe and s...

Page 39: ...y take several minutes to complete Verify that Pass appears as Status for the main instrument and for all sampling modules listed in the Compensation dialog box when compensation completes b If instead Fail appears as Status rerun the compensation If Fail status continues after rerunning compensation and you have allowed warm up to occur the module or main instrument may need service c If you want...

Page 40: ...d out in the procedure you may obtain invalid results In this case go back to step 1 and repeat the procedure Install the test hookup and preset the instrument controls Equipment required One SMA cable such as Tektronix part number 174 1427 00 Prerequisites At least one electrical 80E00 series sampling module must be installed as outlined in its user manual 1 Initialize the instrument Push the fro...

Page 41: ...og box NOTE When an optical module is installed the optical setup dialog box displays by default Click the Basic button to display the basic dialog box b Enter a level of 200 mV in the DC CAL box c Push the Vertical MENU front panel button again to dismiss the Vert Setup dialog box 5 Select the channel to test Push the channel button for the channel you want to test The button lights and the chann...

Page 42: ...nel Acquisition MENU button to display the Acq setup dialog box Click each of the three acquisition modes and confirm that the following statements are true H Sample mode displays an actively acquiring waveform on screen Note that there is a small amount of noise present on the DC level H Average mode displays an actively acquiring waveform on screen with the noise reduced H Envelope mode displays...

Page 43: ... 0 10 Test all channels Repeat steps 3 through 9 until all electrical input channels are verified 11 Remove the test hookup Disconnect the SMA cable from the channel input and the DC CALIBRATION output After verifying the electrical channels and if you have an 80C00 Series Sampling Module installed you can now verify its optical channels This verification is done without an input signal Equipment ...

Page 44: ...dout for the channel under test shows a setting as follows H 80C01 80C02 80C04 80C09 and 80C11 1 mW 80C03 100 W 80C05 3 mW 80C06 6 mW 80C07 and 80C07B 100 W 80C08 80C08B and 80C08C 200 W 80C10 3 mW H Turning the front panel Vertical POSITION knob for the channel you are testing moves the signal up and down the screen Return the baseline trace to center screen before continuing H Turning the front ...

Page 45: ...isplay the Acq Setup dialog box Click each of the three acquisition modes and confirm that the following statements are true H Sample mode displays an actively acquiring waveform on screen Note that there may be a small amount of noise present on the baseline level H Average mode displays an actively acquiring waveform on screen with any noise present reduced H Envelope mode displays an actively a...

Page 46: ...anel DEFAULT SETUP button and click Yes in the confirmation dialog box 2 Hook up the signal source Connect the SMA cable from the Internal Clock output through a 10x attenuator to the 80E00 sampling module input channel 3 as shown in Figure 1 11 CSA8000 TDS8000 SMA cable from INTERNAL CLOCK output to 80E00 C3 input 10x attenuator Figure 1 11 Hookup for the time base tests 3 Set up the instrument a...

Page 47: ...ase Set the Horizontal SCALE to 1 s div The horizontal scale readout is displayed in the Control bar at the bottom of the graticule a Set the display for Normal and Show Vectors enable See To Set Display Styles on page 3 68 b Rotate vertical OFFSET knob counterclockwise so that the base of the square wave is about 2 divisions below the center graticule NOTE Otherwise no vertical trace will be seen...

Page 48: ...izontal SCALE knob clockwise expands the waveform on screen more horizontal divisions per waveform period counter clockwise rotation contracts it and returning the horizontal scale to 1 s div returns the period to about five divisions Leave the time base set to 1 s div H The horizontal POSITION knob positions the signal left and right on screen when rotated NOTE The signal will not move past the m...

Page 49: ...raticule are a full screen width apart 10 divisions See Figure 1 14 on page the 1 31 H One period of the internal clock signal a square wave in the Mag view bottom graticule is about five horizontal divisions on screen Matches the waveform in the top graticule See Figure 1 14 H Rotating the Horizontal SCALE knob clockwise to 500 ns div expands the waveform in the bottom graticule to double the per...

Page 50: ... 1341 00 One SMA cable such as Tektronix part number 174 1427 00 One 50 Ω terminator cap such as Tektronix part number 011 0049 02 One SMA 10X attenuator 20 dB attenuator SMA connector such as Tektronix part number 015 1003 00 One electrical 80E00 series sampling modules Prerequisites This test applies only to instruments that include option GT 1 Initialize the instrument Push the front panel DEFA...

Page 51: ...Trigger MENU front panel button to display the Trig Setup dialog box b Click Internal Clock under Trigger Source in the Trig Setup dialog box The Internal Clock rate should be set to 200kHz c Verify that the Gated Trigger option in Enhanced Triggering section is selected check box is checked See To Use Gated Trigger step 4 on page 3 51 d Turn the Vertical SCALE knob to set the vertical scale to 50...

Page 52: ...Signal triggered 9 Disable trigger Install 50 Ω terminator cap to the end of the cable that is attached to the rear panel gated trigger BNC See Figure 1 16 on page 1 33 10 Verify that the Gated Trigger functions Verify signal is not triggered gate disabled Signal freezes on the screen above to indicate triggering has stopped See Figure 1 18 on page 1 35 Note the Not Trigd indication at the top of ...

Page 53: ...Incoming Inspection CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual 1 35 Control bar Vertical scale setting Horizontal scale setting Untriggered signal indicator Figure 1 18 Signal not triggered signal frozen ...

Page 54: ...zontal scale setting Untriggered signal indicator Figure 1 19 Signal not triggered no signal 11 Verify that the Gated Trigger function is enabled Disconnect 50 Ω terminator cap from the end of the cable Verify signal is triggered gate enabled with waveform on screen See Figure 1 20 on page 1 37 ...

Page 55: ... TDS8000B User Manual 1 37 Control bar Vertical scale setting Horizontal scale setting Internal clock signal Triggered signal indicator Figure 1 20 Signal triggered 12 Disconnect the test hook up End of Functional Test Procedures ...

Page 56: ...running CAUTION Before running the QA Win32 tests be aware of the following problems and work arounds H The QA Win32 discrete memory test fails if the system being tested contains more than 16 megabytes of RAM Since your product ships with more than 16 megabytes of RAM please follow the procedure for Checking the Hardware and Operating System on page 1 39 NOTE Do not run the memory test from the M...

Page 57: ...he instrument and it must be powered on 1 Push the RUN STOP front panel button to stop acquisition 2 Use CTRL ALT DEL to close the TDS CSA8000 application 3 Click Start then select Programs and then Sykes Diagnostics in the Start Menu Finally click QA Win32 NOTE You may experience a delay before the program starts 4 Click Tools on the menu bar then click Customize Test 5 Click Default and exit thi...

Page 58: ...he highlight box changes color to indicate the test is complete Follow any instructions appearing on the screen 7 Check test results in scrollable results listing in the Test Results window of the QAPlus test window All tests should pass 8 Close the QA Win32 diagnostics by selecting Exit in the File menu or click the Control Box X in upper right corner 9 You can restart the TDS CSA8000 product sof...

Page 59: ...ss reply card Not orderable H 1 Windows compatible keyboard 119 6297 00 H 1 Windows compatible mouse 119 6298 00 H 1 Instrument front cover 200 4519 00 H 1 Accessory pouch 016 1441 00 H 2 Touchscreen styluses 119 6107 00 H 1 ESD wrist strap with 6 foot coiled cord 006 3415 04 H CSA8000 TDS8000 Online Help part of application software Not orderable H CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual 071 1099 xx H CSA8...

Page 60: ...er 012 1569 00 H 3 5 Male to 3 5 Female SMA 015 0552 00 H Slip on SMA connector 015 0553 00 H 2X Attenuator SMA Male to Female 015 1001 00 H 5X Attenuator SMA Male to Female 015 1002 00 H 10X Attenuator SMA Male to Female 015 1003 00 H Power Divider 015 1014 00 H BNC Female 75 Ω to 50 Ω Type N Minimum Loss Attenuator 131 0112 00 H P6209 4 GHz Active FET Probe P6209 H P6150 9 GHz Passive Probe P615...

Page 61: ...Hz H Option A2 UK 240 V 50 Hz H Option A3 Australian 240 V 50 Hz H Option A5 Switzerland 220 V 50 Hz H Option AC China 220 V 50 Hz H Option A99 No power cord shipped H Service offerings H Option C3 Three years of calibration services H Option C5 Five years of calibration services H Option D1 Calibration data report H Option D3 Test Data for calibration services in Option C3 H Option D5 Test Data f...

Page 62: ...Accessories and Options 1 44 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 63: ...cation which provides complete control of the instrument H Front Panel Map on page 2 8 describes the elements such as control buttons of the instrument front panel and cross references information relevant to each element H Display Maps on pages 2 9 and 2 10 describe elements and operation of single graticule and multiple graticule displays H I O Maps on pages 2 11 and 2 12 describe front and rear...

Page 64: ...overview of instrument features and their usage Read the User Manual for general information about your instrument procedures on how to put it into service specifications of its performance maps of its user interface controls overviews and background on its features Specific installation information for both the operating system OS and product software is located in each of the CD booklets accompa...

Page 65: ...tion error handling and other information on GPIB usage Information about other products is available on the Tektronix website See Contacting Tektronix for information on how to access our website Analysis and Connectivity Tools Oscilloscope Analysis and Connectivity Made Easy TekVISA Programming VXIplug play Driver Help TekVISA Excel Toolbar Help These documents help you use various connectiv ity...

Page 66: ...splay Signal Processing Transformation Page 3 53 Clock recovery options only External trigger inputs Acquisition system Page 3 21 Page 3 14 Channel Channel Channel Page 3 5 Gated trigger TTL input option GT The model comprises five high level subsystems or processes embodying a variety of hardware and software functions H Modular Sampling Specialization System Allows you to choose modules to begin...

Page 67: ...h clock recovery For those CSA8000B and TDS8000B instruments equipped with the Gated Trigger option Option GT the system allows triggering to be enabled and disabled gated based on a TTL signal at a rear panel input See the To Use Gated Trigger section on page 3 51 for more informa tion H Timebase System Tells the Acquisition system to take a sample i e convert from analog to digital at some speci...

Page 68: ...ntervals are added Take 1 sample per active sample interval to Delay time 5 The instrument takes one sample for each waveform record channel for each active on timebase This instrument sequentially samples one sample is taken per trigger for each active channel in each displayed timebase Waveform No per active channel 6 If averaging or enveloping is on each record becomes part of a multi acquisiti...

Page 69: ...isplay here along with cursors masks etc to analyze them Readouts Display up to five readouts in this area selectable from the Readout Bar Controls Bar Quick access to waveforms and timebases for display and to their scale offset and position controls for adjustment Waveform Bar Access to waveform selection click waveform position drag and waveform properties right click A Readout Right click any ...

Page 70: ...1 Press to quickly return to instrument default control settings Page 3 13 Turn knobs to vertically scale position and offset selected waveform Page 3 8 Press to display and select a time base view not selected or to select among displayed views press selected timebase again to toggle it off except Main which is always on Page 3 64 Turn knobs to Horizontally scale position and set record length of...

Page 71: ...erties Drag across the waveform area to zoom the boxed waveform segment to full screen width Drag cursors to measure waveforms on screen Drag ground reference icon to add offset to a waveform Drag the Waveform Icon vertically to position waveform Drag the Horizontal Reference to move the point around which horizontal scaling expands and contracts the waveforms ...

Page 72: ...ws Drag the markers to enclose the portion of waveform to appear in Mag 2 View Drag the markers to enclose the portion of waveform to appear in Mag 1 View Drag the border between graticules to vertically size Main Mag1 and Mag2 Views MAIN View Mag View Mag View ...

Page 73: ... 98 Compartments for large modules up to two channels Compartments for small modules up to eight channels ANTISTATIC CONNECTION for wrist strap 1 MΩ to ground TRIGGER PRESCALE input TRIGGER DIRECT input TRIGGER PROBE POWER DC CALIBRATION OUTPUT INTERNAL CLOCK OUTPUT EXTERNAL 10 MHZ REFERENCE INPUT ...

Page 74: ...er VGA port to connect a monitor for oscilloscope display PS 2 connectors for mouse and keyboard Parallel port Centronics to connect printer or other device GPIB port to connect to controller Card Bus slots for two PCMCIA type 1 cards two type 2 cards or one type 3 card1 CDROM drive accessible from Windows press to open TRIGGER GATE TTL 1 PCMCIA card readers are not available on the following prod...

Page 75: ... Waveforms Provides an overview of display operation 3 53 Measuring Waveforms Provides an overview of the the cursors and automatic measurements tools this instrument provides and how to use them 3 73 Creating Math Waveforms Provides an overview of how you can mathematically combine acquired waveforms and measurement scalars to create a math waveform that supports your data analysis task 3 101 Dat...

Page 76: ...Overview 3 2 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 77: ...mode for acquiring your waveforms how to start and stop acquisition H Acquisition Control Background Information describing the data sampling and acquisition processes H FrameScan Acquisitions How to use FrameScan acquisition to help analyze pattern dependent failures in high bit rate communications signals Acquisition system Trigger system Sampling module User Interface and display Output and sto...

Page 78: ...l and horizontal range of the acquisition window which defines the segment of the input signal that the acquisition system acquires The terms do not refer to any windows or display windows on screen See Conventions on page xii Vertical position Vertical offset Horizontal scale Horizontal record length Acquisition system Sampling module Vertical scale Display system Horizontal position Figure 3 1 A...

Page 79: ...n rho or ohm units cannot be adjusted for vertical offset The vertical offset of a math waveform cannot be adjusted directly You can adjust the offset of waveform sources waveforms included in the math expression for the math waveform if the sources are live waveforms The key points that follow describe operating considerations for setting up input scaling offset and position to properly acquire y...

Page 80: ... may have dynamic range exceeded without obvious visual indications onscreen because the photo detector and or filters used may not necessarily be able to pass through overloaded signals to the sampler Use external attenuators if necessary to prevent exceeding the limits just described Note that there are no hardware bandwidth filters in most sampling modules or in the instrument Some optical samp...

Page 81: ...is limiting can cause inaccuracies in amplitude related measurements See Vertical Acquisition Window Considerations on page 3 14 Trigger and Display Set basic trigger controls to gate waveform acquisition and use the display to interactively set scale position and offset waveforms See the sections Triggering on page 3 39 and Displaying Waveforms on page 3 53 Selected Waveform Many of the controls ...

Page 82: ...utions as outlined in your sampling module user manual Overview To set the signal input Related control elements and resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument must be installed with sampling modules in place The acquisition system should be set to run continuously Also an appropriate trigger signal must be routed to the instrument and triggering must be set up See the sampling module user manuals f...

Page 83: ...isplays A waveform button lights when its channel is on H When on but not selected its button is lighted green H When on and selected its button is lighted amber Hint To select one of the channels already displayed you can use a mouse and click its trace or its reference indicator to select it Set the vertical acquisition window 4 Use the Vertical Offset knob to adjust the selected waveform on scr...

Page 84: ... Positioned horizontally Scaled horizontally The Resolution knob sets the record length See discussion on page 3 19 Push Set to 50 if required to stabilize display Continue with the acquisition setup 6 To finish the acquisition setup you must set the acquisition mode and start the acquisition See To Set Up Acquisition Controls on page 3 24 For more help 7 For more information on the controls descr...

Page 85: ...ource must be provided 2 At least one channel must be turned on its front panel button lighted See the sampling module user manuals for help with installing sampling modules See page 3 48 in this manual for trigger setup information Execute 3 Push the Autoset button to to execute an autoset on the selected waveform If you use Autoset when one or more channels are displayed the instrument uses the ...

Page 86: ...ne bit two eye crossings is displayed over about 7 5 horizontal divisions centered on the screen H the high low values are displayed over about 6 vertical divisions also centered on screen H RZ Eye Pattern to setup the default autoset for instrument to acquire the waveform data as follows H three rise fall edges are displayed over the center 6 horizontal divisions with the first rising edge placed...

Page 87: ...ments and resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument is powered on and running See Power On Instrument on page 1 13 Execute 2 Push the Default Setup button End of Procedure This section contains background information that can help you more effectively set up the acquisition window of each channel Input This instrument samples sequentially in order to provide superior bandwidth and time resolution S...

Page 88: ...ent H signals with extreme or variable duty cycles H signals with multiple or unstable signal periods H signals with too low amplitude H no recognizable trigger signal H no eye diagram waveform present when autosetting in Bit Eye Pattern autoset mode Vertical Acquisition Window Considerations The size of the vertical acquisition window is determined by the operating range of the the sampling modul...

Page 89: ...nly part Figure 3 2 shows two vertical acquisition windows that contain the entire waveform but only one window contains the entire waveform in the graticule on screen a Volts Div setting determines the size of the display graticule within the vertical acquisition window scale set to 50 mv div 0 25 volt 0 25 volt b Vertical position can change location of display graticule within 5 divisions posit...

Page 90: ... displayed waveform as follows H The vertical range window is always centered around the offset value that is set Vertical offset is the voltage level at middle of the vertical acquisition window With no zero offset see Figure 3 3 that voltage level is zero ground H As you vary vertical offset the middle voltage level moves relative to zero This moves the vertical acquisition window up and down on...

Page 91: ...tude NOTE Measurements use the entire portion of the waveform that the vertical window captures not only the portion displayed on screen Also waveforms exported or saved from the File menu or over the GPIB contain data from the entire vertical window not just the on screen portion Horizontal Acquisition Window Considerations You define the horizontal acquisition window that is you set several para...

Page 92: ...termines the horizontal duration of the window relative to any waveform allowing you to scale it to contain a waveform edge a cycle or several cycles First sampled and digitized point Time of first point Trigger event on Ext trigger signal Horizontal acquisition window Sample interval Horizontal position Horizontal delay Figure 3 4 Horizontal acquisition window definition H The record length along...

Page 93: ...Resolution sec sample 1 Sample Rate samples sec In 2 above note that it is Sample Interval that varies indirectly to accommodate the window time duration and its scale setting and the Record Length setting as these later two elements can be set by you These elements behave as follows H If Record Length or Time Duration vary Sample Interval varies to accom modate up to highest sample rate lowest sa...

Page 94: ...esolution record length and horizontal delay from the same trigger point that you set for a time base apply to all channels in that time base In other words one trigger from a single trigger source will locate a common horizontal acquisition window on all active channels which you can shift by setting the horizontal position control The horizontal acquisition window determines the waveform records...

Page 95: ...s it perhaps to reduce noise in the waveform record or to capture a record of min max values for each data point in the waveform record The acquisition controls also let you start and stop acquisition as well as take certain actions after acquisition stops such as to print the acquired waveform Stop After Options You can set the condition upon which acquisition stops such as after a number of acqu...

Page 96: ...d displaying a noisy square wave signal illustrates the difference between the three modes Note how Average reduces the noise while Envelope captures its extremes Sample Envelope Average Acquisition Control Also consider how you want to control acquisition you have two main options either settable from the Acquisition Setup dialog box push Acquisition MENU to display H Run Stop Button Only sets th...

Page 97: ...that of the input signal or it appears unstable even though the TRIG D light is lit Aliasing occurs because the instrument sample interval is too long to construct an accurate waveform record See Figure 3 6 Actual high frequency waveform Apparent low frequency waveform due to aliasing Sampled points Figure 3 6 Aliasing Methods to Check and Eliminate Aliasing To quickly check for aliasing slowly ad...

Page 98: ...ng on the instrument Instrument must be powered up with horizontal and vertical controls setup Triggering should also be set up See the sampling module user manuals for sampling module installation See page 3 48 for trigger setup To select an Acquisition mode 2 Push the Acquisition MENU button to display the Acq Setup dialog box Select the Acquisition mode Set a sample count 3 Click an option butt...

Page 99: ...tal Hits to stop on If the condition requires a count count box is enabled enter a count 6 Select a Stop After action from the drop down list box Choose from the following actions H None H Print Screen to File H Print Screen to Printer H Save all Waveforms Enter a filename for saving to if you ve selected Print to File or Save all Waveforms 7 Click to check Ring Bell if you want audio notice when ...

Page 100: ...e channels to be acquired are turned on use the channel buttons see page 3 9 if needed Then push the RUN STOP button to begin acquiring To stop acquiring 3 Push the RUN STOP button to stop acquisition Acquisition will also stop when acquisition finishes if a selected stop condition is satisfied see step 4 on page 3 25 or if triggering ceases while in Normal trigger mode To clear an acquisition 4 P...

Page 101: ...shown in Figure 3 7 each channel can produce a stream of digital data from which waveform records can be extracted See Signal Connection and Scaling on page 3 4 for further description of scaling positioning and DC offsetting of channels Digitizer CH 1 Digitizer CH 2 CH 3 CH n Number of channels depends on sampling modules installed Sampling module Sampler Sampler Digitizer Digitizer Sampling modu...

Page 102: ...isition modes While sampling the input signal provides the data that makes up the waveform record for any given channel the instrument builds the waveform record through use of some common parameters common means they affect the waveforms in all channels Figure 3 9 shows how these common parameters define the waveform record as shown in the figure they define where in the data stream data is taken...

Page 103: ...llows For a control oriented discussion of the waveform record see H Horizontal Acquisition Window Considerations on page 3 17 H Horizontal Scale vs Record Length vs Sample Interval vs Resolution on page 3 19 The process of building a record is a subpart the acquisition cycle which describes how the instrument cycles through recognizing a trigger taking a sample and processing it according to samp...

Page 104: ...a point providing the stability needed to examine signals of almost any length for pattern dependent failures Flexible set up support Set bit rates manually or set a bit rate based on a communication standard Then set the horizontal scale manually or invoke a custom autoset Bit Eye Pattern Autoset if you have set an independent bit rate or Standard Mask Autoset if you set bit rate based on a commu...

Page 105: ...H Triggering is synchronous with the bit streams framing signal of the communication signal you want to scan which results in the acquisition of a single sample prior the scanning of the next bit You must supply an external trigger source that is synchronous with the frame possible sources are external frame trigger sync signals from a pattern generator or from a BERT Bit Error Rate Tester H Acqui...

Page 106: ...cquisitions can continue through an entire frame of data if needed to help you to uncover faulty bit sequences leading up to pattern dependent failures Subframe 1 Subframe 2 Subframe 3 Subframe 4 Subframe 5 Accumulated acquisitions Subframe 1 Subframe 2 Subframe 3 Subframe 4 Subframe 5 Notes h is the horizontal position change one bit period 1 bit rate Subframe acquisition duration is 40 greater t...

Page 107: ...acquisitions 4 The vertical and horizontal controls and triggering must be set to acquire the signal H See sampling module user manuals for sampling module installation H See page 3 24 for acquisition setup and page 3 48 for trigger setup in this manual Access the FrameScan controls 5 From the application menu bar select Setup and then select Horizontal See right Set the frame duration 6 In the Ho...

Page 108: ...on screen Select a comm standard or Set the bit rate manually Set to 1 8 bit per division Set the starting horizontal posi tion 9 Set the initial horizontal position to the first bit you want to acquire Use one of the two methods that follow H Automatic Enter your desired start bit location and then check the Auto Position box to enable the instrument to set the position as near as possible to mat...

Page 109: ...sistence or Variable Persis tence in the Display Setup dialog box from the application menu bar select Setup and then select Display H Right click the waveform icon left side of the screen in the waveform bar of the waveform being scanned and select Color Grade in the menu For more information 13 For more help on FrameScan acquisitions click the Help button in the Setup dialog box to access contex...

Page 110: ...stence and color grading display modes should be off if turned on in the previous procedure H See To Acquire in FrameScan Mode page 3 33 Enable mask testing 4 From the application menu bar select Setup and then select Mask See right 5 Use the Mask Setup dialog box to set up for mask testing as you would for nonFrameScan acquisitions See Using Mask Testing on page 3 141 for information about using ...

Page 111: ...ee right check the Condition option under Stop After 8 In the Condition pulldown list select Mask Total Hits and set a count of one in the count box These settings will stop acquisition on a violation of any of the masked areas on screen See below For more information 9 For more help on using FrameScan acquisitions click the Help button in the Horz Setup dialog box to display contextual help on sc...

Page 112: ...Acquiring Waveforms 3 38 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 113: ...ontrol the acquisition window so that the instrument acquires the waveform data you want The trigger event when synchronized to the input signal defines the horizontal acquisition window By choosing the trigger event and adjusting the horizontal position delay between trigger event and the horizontal reference point you control the location in the data stream the input signal from which the wavefo...

Page 114: ...xt trigger event occurs the instrument acquires the next sample This process continues until the entire record is filled with acquired samples Without a trigger the instrument does not acquire any samples See Figure 3 9 on page 3 29 This behavior differs from that of real time acquisition systems which can acquire a complete waveform record from a single trigger event Triggering is Global The inst...

Page 115: ... no last waveform exists none is displayed See Figure 3 12 Normal trigger mode H Auto mode sets the instrument to acquire a waveform even if a trigger event does not occur Auto mode uses a timer that starts after trigger rearm If the trigger circuit does not detect a trigger after this timeout about 100 ms it auto triggers forcing enough trigger events to acquire all active channels In the case of...

Page 116: ...usable with signals up to at least 12 5 GHz NOTE The upper limit is determined by signal input level this is enhanced by the optional accessory 80A01 H an internal clock recovery trigger provided by an optical sampling module equipped with a clock recovery option Clock recovery is user selectable for triggering rates that depend on the sampling module used for example either 622 Mbps OC 12 STM 4 s...

Page 117: ...k Measurements on systems with a synchronized pretrigger signal Set source to External Direct or External Prescaler as appropriate see Trigger Source Connectors and connect the pretrigger signal Any application requiring that the input signal provide the trigger Set source to External Direct or External Prescaler as appropriate see Trigger Source Connectors Use a signal splitter or power divider t...

Page 118: ...f the instrument Observe all static precautions outlined in the documentation for the probe you choose while following these steps H Connect the probe power connector to the TEKPROBE SMA compatible probe Level 1 or 2 only H Connect the probe signal connector probe must have an SMA connector to the Trigger DIRECT source input not the PRESCALE source input H Connect the probe input to the signal tha...

Page 119: ...ity Reject When you enable Metastability Reject the instrument replaces the acquired sample with a null sample if it detects a potential metastable condition A metastable condition occurs when both the trigger input signal and the holdoff generated enable signal arrive at the internal trigger recognizer at virtually the same time H Gated Triggering When you enable the Gated trigger control the tri...

Page 120: ...Trigger level Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Holdoff Figure 3 14 Holdoff adjustment can prevent false triggers Usable Holdoff The holdoff time the instrument can use varies within limits The maximum holdoff the instrument can achieve is the 50 ms specified in Specifica tion on page Table A 3 on page A 3 The minimum holdoff used depends on hardware constraints which do not change and certain control setti...

Page 121: ...ent operates with two holdoff values H Requested the last value requested in the Trigger Setup dialog box You can set times from 5 s 50 ms but the time requested becomes the actual time used only if it meets the requirements just described for Actual Otherwise the holdoff time value requested is held for later use as described for Actual H Actual in effect the holdoff time that is the time the ins...

Page 122: ...d from those optical sampling modules supporting clock recovery connection internal through the sampling module no external trigger connection required A custom clock recovery rate can be defined by the user if the optical module supports a continuous user if the optical module supports a continuous rate clock recovery Refer to Sampling Modules Supported on page 1 4 to see those modules that suppo...

Page 123: ...ADY and TRIG D are always off if acquisition is stopped Other trigger parameters 7 If you need to change the trigger mode or other settings push the Trigger MENU button to display the Trig Setup dialog box From there you can H Switch between Auto and Normal trigger modes H If you have trouble triggering you can adjust holdoff which may help For assistance with this control see step 8 H You may on ...

Page 124: ...e signal to be acquired 2 Trigger on your input signal Use the procedure To Trigger on page 3 48 as needed Note that you must supply the input signal and the TTL gating signal to the appropriate instrument inputs The instrument does not control or generate these signals See Sampling Module User Manuals for sampling module installation See page 3 24 of this manual for acquisition setup Access the S...

Page 125: ...t will not acquire H The triggering system will be enabled when the gating signal is a TTL high and the instrument will acquire H There is an internal pull up on the Gated Trigger input such that if no drive signal is supplied or if the input is left unconnected triggering will be enabled even if the Gated Trigger is selected in the Trig Setup dialog box TRIGGER GATE TTL For more information 6 Pre...

Page 126: ...Triggering 3 52 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 127: ...ation in the topics Using the Waveform Display and Customizing the Display Acquisition system Trigger system Sampling module User Interface and display Output and storage Signal processing transformation system Time base system Using the Waveform Display The waveform display see Figure 3 16 is part of the User Interface UI application The UI takes up the entire screen of the instrument and the wav...

Page 128: ...3 Upper and lower amplitude limits readouts the upper and lower boundary level of the graticule for the selected waveform 4 Horizontal scale readout the horizontal scale of the selected waveform 5 Horizontal reference a control that you can position to set the point around which channel waveforms expand and contract horizontally on screen as you change the Horizontal Scale control 6 Preview a stat...

Page 129: ...be displayed simultaneously each with its own time base Live waveforms are acquired independently in each time base C1 in Main is a different waveform than C1 in Mag1 or Mag2 All the displayed waveforms appear in each view that you display if C1 and M1 are displayed in Main they also appear in Mag1 and Mag2 if you display those views Reference waveforms will appear in all views as well but since t...

Page 130: ...ence waveform as is described at left turns on its display After a waveform is defined use the Vertical REF button with the waveform number buttons to turn the waveform on and off Math M1 M8 Define a math waveform using existing sources channel and reference waveforms and measure ment scalar values This operation can be performed by selecting the Edit menu and then selecting Define Math When defin...

Page 131: ...for Cursors Yes Yes Yes If cursors are off pushing the Cursor button on the front panel turns cursors on with the selected waveform as their target Quick Horizontal Scale Adjust Zoom Yes No No Dragging a box around a portion of the selected waveform adjusts horizontal scale to fill the screen with the boxed portion see Quick adjust the time base on page 3 63 Graticules One graticule is displayed f...

Page 132: ...its math expression You cannot change these directly the instrument disables the horizontal controls when you select a math wave form See Creating Math Waveforms on page 3 101 for more information on math waveforms H All waveforms in each time base are displayed fit to screen that is within the full 10 horizontal divisions that the graticule provides Waveform Operations that Cross Time Base Views ...

Page 133: ...for a procedure that demonstrates this operating characteristic Horizontal Position and the Horizontal Reference The time values you set for horizontal position are from the trigger point to the horizontal reference point This is not the time from the trigger point to the start of the waveform record unless you set the horizontal reference to 0 See Figure 3 17 Time zero Time of first point Horizon...

Page 134: ...and testing You may want to turn on distance units and set the dielectric constant or propagation velocity when making such measurements The formula is D v䴍T where v䴍 propogation velocity co DielectricConst T time per division D distance per division co speed of light in a vacuum 2 997925 e8 meters s Velocity of Propagation vp is a measure of how fast a signal travels in that transmission line Die...

Page 135: ...ght click object Touch and hold don t move stylus Type a value in a list box Click the keyboard icon to pop up the virtual keyboard click to type in the value you want or use the peripheral keyboard if installed Touch the keyboard icon to pop up the virtual keyboard touch to type in the value you want Display a tool tip Rest pointer over UI button or label None Display What s This Help Click the a...

Page 136: ...ation See page 3 24 for acquisition setup and page 3 48 for trigger setup in this manual Set the vertical display parameters 4 Push a Vertical Source button turns amber to assign the numbered buttons 1 8 to operate on channel reference or math waveforms Push a numbered button 1 8 to select the waveform it displays A waveform button lights when its waveform is on H Lighted green waveform is on but ...

Page 137: ... Set to 50 button if required to stabilize display Adjust the Horizontal Reference 7 To adjust the point around which the waveforms expand and contract click the Horizontal reference and drag it left or right on screen Move the Horizontal reference along the horizontal axis until it aligns to the point on the waveform you want to be stationary on screen 8 Release the Horizontal reference and then ...

Page 138: ... using the Mag 1 and Mag 2 time base views Overview To control a Mag view Related control elements and resources Prerequisites 1 Set up as from the last procedure See right See To Display Waveforms in the Main Timebase on page 3 62 Turn on a Mag view 2 Push the Mag1 or Mag2 View button turns amber to display a Mag view See right A numbered button lights when its waveform is on H Lighted green view...

Page 139: ...e that the Mag1 markers enclose a segment of Main view that appears across the 10 division width of the Mag view See below Portion magnified in the Mag1 time base view Main Mag Divider bar For more information 4 Press the Horizontal Menu front panel button Click the icon in the the upper right corner of the Horiz Setup dialog box and then click any dialog box control to pop up help on that control...

Page 140: ...ces2 Choose No to display each waveform as a series of dots normal display mode only Setup Display Choose Yes to display vectors or lines between the dots Waveform Label Shortcut Properties Enter a new label for the waveform you have selected Waveform Label Utilities Waveform Prop s Enter a new label for the waveform you have selected Waveform Color Utility Waveform Prop s Waveform Color Shortcut ...

Page 141: ...except for channel waveforms and reference waveforms displayed with color or intensity grading Interpolation For record lengths of less than 500 points you can choose to have the instrument interpolate between the sampled points it acquires Interpolation affects the display only mask testing histograms and automatic measurement results are based on acquired not interpolated data There are three op...

Page 142: ... select Setup and then select Display See right Select normal style vectors and interpola tion 3 From the Display Setup dialog box see right choose Normal to select a display with no acquisition data persistence Waveforms display with the new data from ongoing acquisitions replacing that data in the same time intervals slots but acquired as part of the last previous waveform 4 Check Vectors to tur...

Page 143: ...replacement of the oldest data If you select Variable Persistence set a time at which the oldest data is removed Set variable persistence time Access to virtual keyboard Continue with the next procedure 7 For more ways to customize the display see the next procedure See To Customize Graticule and Waveforms on page 3 69 End of Procedure Use the procedure that follows to become familiar with the dis...

Page 144: ...The instrument will use the new label to mark the selected waveform in the graticule area 6 Choose a color from the Color pulldown list Click OK to dismiss the dialog Waveform Icon Color grade a waveform 7 Right click on the channel waveform or its icon See right 8 Choose Color Grade from the menu that pops up Color grading a waveform is one of several instrument operations that uses a waveform da...

Page 145: ...ange grati cule style and color 11 From the application menu bar select Setup and then select Display See right 12 Use the graticule controls to select a graticule style 13 Select the color of the screen from the Background pulldown list Select the color of the graticule from the Foreground pulldown list 14 Click the button to close the Setup Display dialog box For further assistance 15 Click the ...

Page 146: ...Displaying Waveforms 3 72 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 147: ...e Figure 3 18 H Taking Cursor Measurements on page 3 85 describes using cursors to make amplitude and time measurements on waveforms See Figure 3 18 H Optimizing Measurement Accuracy on page 3 92 tells you how to run compensation routines and deskew channels to optimize the accuracy of your measurements NOTE You can also make graticule measurements counting graticule divisions and multiplying them...

Page 148: ...eform or drag the icon to any waveform selected or not on screen to measure that waveform The results appear in the measurements readout at the right of the screen See the procedure that starts on page 3 80 H Select from the extensive range of parameters this instrument can measure for a list see Appendix B Automatic Measurements Supported This section of the manual defines the supported measureme...

Page 149: ...x value as the database accumulates ongoing acquisitions This process causes the Max measurement readout to track max up but not down In contrast the Max measurement for a waveform source not included in a database will track variation up and down as new waveforms are acquired Characterize Measurements Independently To allow you control over how your waveform data is characterized by each measurem...

Page 150: ...matic measurements of the following categories Amplitude Timing and Area Check Appendix B Automatic Measurements Supported for a listing of the measurements that you can choose from in each signal type category Number of Measurements The instrument can take and update up to eight measurements at one time You can apply measurements to any combination of sources described below You can take all eigh...

Page 151: ...ll or some of the High Low tracking method controls for example RMS If the measurement you select has High Low methods that are appropriate to adjust or example RISE time the instrument automatically enables the method controls for your adjustment as shown below Select among methods Check to use method you select uncheck to enter level directly High Low Tracking Method Depending on which measureme...

Page 152: ...re 3 20 H Auto switches between methods Auto method first attempts to calculate the high and low values using the Mode method Then if the histogram does not show obvious consistent high and low levels Auto method automatically switches to the Min Max or Mean method For example the Mode histogram operating on a triangle wave would not find consistent high and low levels so the instrument would swit...

Page 153: ... is calculated as absolute values from the High Level 3 Low Delta Reference is calculated as absolute values from the Low Level 4 Absolute Reference is set by absolute values in user units 5 AOP not shown measures the Average Optical Power of the waveform and uses it as the Mid Ref level See Pulse Crossings and Mid reference Level AOP on page B 58 for more information Reference level calculation m...

Page 154: ...sed can be set for each measurement and its waveform source in the Meas Setup dialog box If you do not set the methods individually the instrument uses its default character ization methods Use the procedure that follows to quickly take a measurement based on the default settings for High Low method and for reference level method Overview To take automatic measurements Related control elements and...

Page 155: ...easure ment tool bar 5 Read the results in the measurements readout Tip To show the levels see page 3 74 on which your measurement is based turn on Annotations Right click on measurement in the readout and select Show Annotations from the menu as shown at right To see statistics 6 Right click on any measurement readout to display its context menu 7 Select Show Statistics to display measurement sta...

Page 156: ...fm Database option as shown below Tip If at the time you first create a measurement the measurement source you select is displayed as a waveform database the database will automatically be measured Uncheck the User Wfm Database option if you want to measure the waveform instead of the database For more in formation 11 Press the Help button in the Meas Setup dialog box to access the online help 12 ...

Page 157: ... See right Enable and position the gates 3 Select the Region tab to expose the gate controls Click to check the box as indicated at right to turn gating on and to display the gates on screen 4 If Annotations are not on click the Annotations box or the gates will not display 5 Use the G1 Gate1 and G2 spin controls or click ands type in values see right to adjust the gates on screen such that the ar...

Page 158: ...Measuring Waveforms 3 84 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual Overview Related control elements and resources To gate a measurement cont Gate G1 Gate G2 End of Procedure ...

Page 159: ...ground level H v Level at Cursor 2 Level at Cursor 1 Level is cursor displacement from the source ground times the source volts div Note that the two cursors may have different sources and therefore can have different volts div settings Vertical cursors Trigger point Vertical cursors measure distance time in seconds or bits Each cursor measures with respect to H t1 Time at Cursor 1 with respect to...

Page 160: ... divisions at 20 mV div Figure 3 22 Horizontal cursors measure amplitudes Cursors are Display Limited You cannot move a cursor off screen Also if you resize waveforms the cursors do not track That is a cursor stays at its screen position ignoring changes to horizontal and vertical scale and position and to vertical offset However waveform cursors track the waveform point vertically they work diffe...

Page 161: ... to 20 mV div so the cursor readout v2 measures R1 relative to its ground as 3 divisions x 20 mV div or about 60 mv H Note that the value of each graticule division relative to the delta readout is not readily apparent because the delta amplitude readout v must account for the different amplitude scale settings of the sources To do so the v readout displays the results of v2 v1 60 mv 300 mv 240 mv...

Page 162: ...dout yields the cursor position on screen relative to first point You can find the horizontal readout both in the dialog box and in the control bar at the bottom of the screen The following relationships hold Time to First Point Horiz Position when Horiz Ref Position is set to zero t1 or t2 readouts Time to First Point Additional Time to Cursor Cursor Units Depend on Sources A cursor that measures...

Page 163: ... to display vertical bar cursors shown below H twice to display horizontal bar cursors H a third time to display waveform based cursors 3 Press the SELECT button to toggle selection between the two cursors The active cursor is the solid cursor 4 Turn the General Purpose knob to position each cursor on the waveform to measure the feature that interests you 5 Read the results in the cursor readout I...

Page 164: ...ou can target each cursor to the source it is to measure See Cursors Treat Sources Independently on page 3 87 To do so use the procedure that follows Overview To set the cursor sources Related control elements and resources Prerequisites 1 Display the waveforms to be measured on screen The waveform may be a channel reference or math waveform 2 If the source to be measured is in the Mag1 or Mag2 ti...

Page 165: ...ame time base make sure the time bases match Main C1 and Main C2 for example H To measure two different sources in different time bases select different waveforms and time bases Main C1 and Mag1 C2 for example Tip References and Math waveforms are listed as sources only if defined and turned on All sources listed for the Main time base are also listed for the Mag1 and Mag2 time bases if the time b...

Page 166: ...table equilibrium after power up normally 20 minutes is recommended You must save the compensation results or they will be lost when the instrument is powered down Use the following procedure to optimize the instrument for the current tempera ture to enhance measurement results Overview To perform a compensation Related control elements and resources Prerequisites 1 Instrument should have the samp...

Page 167: ...Measuring Waveforms CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual 3 93 Overview Related control elements and resources To perform a compensation cont ...

Page 168: ...ensate Click to select compensate Enabled only if module selected as target Run the compensation 6 Click the Execute button to begin execution of the compensation Instructions to disconnect inputs and install dust covers on optical module channels and 50 Ω terminations on electrical module channels will appear on screen Be sure to follow static precautions see the user manual for your sampling mod...

Page 169: ...ser area The Factory settings cannot be overwritten Recalling a compensation 9 In the Select Action fields select Recall 10 In the Storage field select the compensation to recall User or Factory User recalls the last saved user compensation Factory recalls the compensation established at the factory Note Before proceeding make sure you want to rewrite the compensation you just saved 11 Click the E...

Page 170: ...instance the difference between two channels C1 C2 will result in an eye pattern with a line of data points through the vertical center of the eye If you intend to create an eye pattern with a math waveform between two channels in the same sampling module deskew should be set to exactly zero Skew must be eliminated with external accessories When deskew is applied between channels in different samp...

Page 171: ...7 Set up the channel to be deskewed repeat step 5 for the channel to be deskewed 8 Push Vertical MENU front panel button and from the Vertical Setup dialog box adjust the Deskew value see right to make the edges of the reference and the deskew channel coincide or are as close as possible 9 If you cannot align the edges completely try selecting the reference channel and adjusting its deskew Deskew ...

Page 172: ... the procedure To Compensate the Instrument and Modules on page 3 92 to compensate all vertical bandwidth and filter selections Use the following procedure to perform either compensation this procedure applies only to optical modules Overview To perform optical compensations Control elements and resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument must be installed with at least one optical sampling modules t...

Page 173: ...al 6 In Vert Setup dialog box click the User Wavelength Gain button under Compensation See right Follow the instructions on screen 7 In the User Wavelength Gain Compensation dialog box set the wavelength and power of the signal to be applied to the channel See right H User should have an optical signal attached to module input with a precisely known amount of optical power An independently calibra...

Page 174: ...Measuring Waveforms 3 100 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 175: ...eform that combines waveforms mathematically x You can also integrate a single waveform into an integral math waveform as is shown below Source waveform Math waveform Defining Math Waveforms This instrument supports mathematical combination and functional transforma tions of waveforms that it acquires Figure 3 24 shows this concept Channel waveform C2 Math waveform M1 Diff C2 Math expression funct...

Page 176: ...pressions For example you can use the measurement Mean on a waveform and subtract from the original waveform the scalar that results to define a new math waveform Some operations that you cannot use with math waveforms follow H Math on Math You cannot use math waveforms as sources for other math waveforms For example if you have a math waveform defined as M1 C1 C2 you cannot define a second math w...

Page 177: ...xpressions and the math waveforms produced To Enter this math expression and get this math waveform normalize a waveform shifted and scaled to fit a std template CHAN1 Source waveform 1 6V 0 8V C1 Meas1 Meas2 where C1 is waveform shown left Meas1 Low of C1 Meas2 amplitude of C1 1 05V 1 00V 0 95V 0 05V 0 00V 0 05V Normalized math waveform simulate ac coupling and integrate DC component removed befo...

Page 178: ...for math waveform sources operands consist of channel and reference waveforms that are acquired or defined and viewed in the main time base The math waveforms derive their time base and record lengths from waveform sources You cannot change them directly you can only change them indirectly by changing the time base for the source In case of sources having different record lengths the math waveform...

Page 179: ...ontain saved waveforms and so on These sources do not have to be displayed to be used Overview To define a math waveform Related control elements resources Prerequisites 1 All channel and reference waveforms and automatic measurement scalars that you will use in your math waveform must be available channels and references contain data measurement scalars are defined and so on Note If you use a cha...

Page 180: ...ources C1 C8 R1 R8 and Meas1 Meas8 should be set up before you use them references and automated measurement scalars defined H Elements that appear grayed out cannot be selected because they would result in an illegal entry For example the sources are grayed out because a source was just entered You must enter an operator before entering another source H Use the backspace button to remove the last...

Page 181: ...ns on Math Waveforms This instrument supports many of the same operations that it provides for channel live and reference waveforms For example you can measure math waveforms with cursors This section introduces these operations H Vertical display scaling and positioning H Taking automatic measurements H Taking cursor measurements Use math waveform operation such as those listed above to enhance t...

Page 182: ...oints that follow describe operating considerations to take into account when using math waveforms Source Considerations In general be aware that changes to source waveforms that you include as math expression operands are reflected in the math wave form See Source Dependencies on page 3 104 Display Considerations Turn on and off the display of math waveforms like you do channel and reference wave...

Page 183: ...displayed operation is as follows H If the waveform you select is defined it displays otherwise H the Define Math dialog box displays so that you can define and turn on the waveform you just selected See To Define a Math Waveform on page 3 105 for a procedure for doing so Tip You can also click the math waveform in the display or its icon at the left of the display to select it Set scale and posit...

Page 184: ...Select one of the signal types such as Pulse and then select a measurement category from the measurement bar 7 Click a measurement button The instrument automatically takes the measurement on the waveform you selected in step 5 8 Read the results in the measurements readout Tip For more control of your measurement go to the Setup menu in the application menu bar and select Measurements Click the H...

Page 185: ...splay vertical bar cursors shown below H A second time to display horizontal bar cursors H A third time to display waveform based cursors 11 Press the SELECT button to toggle selection between the two cursors 12 Turn the knob to position each cursor on the math waveform to measure the feature that interests you 13 Read the results in cursor readout In the figure shown above waveform cursors are us...

Page 186: ...Creating Math Waveforms 3 112 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 187: ...sformation system Time base system Saving and Recalling Setups This instrument can save a number of different instrument setups for later recall limited only by the space you have to store the setups Save and recall different setups to switch from setup to setup without having to first manually record your settings and then manually set them This capability is helpful when you want to H save and r...

Page 188: ...ath Waveforms M1 M8 Control settings and the math expression are retained but not the waveform data Upon setup recall the recalled math waveform expressions will be applied but there is no math waveform data to restore Instead a new math waveform will be generated based on the recalled expression H User Options that are stored in the Windows Registry These include all options accessed by first sel...

Page 189: ...tical control settings requires that an optical sampling module be installed If not the instrument substitutes default settings for the affected vertical controls settings instead of recalled settings Other examples of such mismatches include H Recalling a setup that includes TDR without the TDR capable sampling module installed You must have the TDR capable module installed in the same compartmen...

Page 190: ...ing Module User Manuals for sampling module installation H See Power On Instrument on page 1 13 H See page 3 24 for acquisition setup H See page 3 48 for trigger setup Display the Save Setup dia log box 4 From the application menu bar select File and then select Save Setup See illustration at right The Save Setup dialog box allows for the entry of a file name file type and includes a field for add...

Page 191: ...ype stp Tip Only change the type if you want to temporarily see any other types of files in the current directory Otherwise leave it set at stp Access to virtual keyboard Add a comment optional 8 Enter a useful comment about each setup you save Write the comment such that it explains the purpose of the saved file when that file is later accessed see right Tip Use comments frequently The comment th...

Page 192: ... Sampling Module User Manuals for sampling module installation H See Power On Instrument on page 1 13 H See Keys to Using on page 3 114 Display the Recall Setup dialog box 2 From the application menu bar select File and then select Recall Setup See right The Recall Setup dialog box allows navigation to directories lists setup files in the directory and provides for selection of a setup file Commen...

Page 193: ...ouch screen with the virtual keyboard to type entries in the name fields and comments fields Access to virtual keyboard View any in cluded com ment optional 6 Read the comment associated with the setup you choose if any is present It can contain information about using the setup you are about to restore see right Tip Selecting a file displays any comments that were entered when the setup was saved...

Page 194: ...Commenting The Save Waveform dialog box and the Recall Waveform dialog box contain a comments field for including and reading comments with your saved waveforms That way you can store information readable upon recall describing each waveform that you save Virtual Keyboarding If you do not have a keyboard connected you can still enter comments and name waveform files The Save and Recall Setup Wavef...

Page 195: ...e it Main1 Mag1 and or Mag2 or the waveform will not appear in the Save Waveform dialog box For help in setup and acquiring waveforms check the references at right H See Sampling Module User Manuals for sampling module installation H See Power On Instrument on page 1 13 H See page 3 24 for acquisition setup H See page 3 48 for trigger setup H See page 3 57 for time base display Display the Save Wa...

Page 196: ...ase by clicking the timebase for example click Main Tip If your instrument lacks a keyboard you can t use the control key to extend selections However you can touch or click individual waveforms or timebases to select them Select all waveforms in timebase Select waveforms individually Select directory and name file 6 Specify the directory and filename s in which to save your waveform s If you ve s...

Page 197: ...n its waveform file is later accessed see right Tip If you save multiple waveforms the instrument saves your comment with all the resulting files so make such a comment pertain to all the waveforms Save your waveform 8 Click the Save button to save the waveform file or reference To cancel without saving click Cancel button For more information 9 For more help on saving waveforms press the Help but...

Page 198: ...orm Control elements resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument must have appropriate sampling modules in place before powering on the instrument Instrument must be powered up H See Sampling Module User Manuals for sampling module installation H See Power On Instrument on page 1 13 Display the Re call Waveform dialog box 2 From the application menu bar select File and then select Recall Waveform See...

Page 199: ... existing name in the file list H Clicking in the File name field and typing a new name replacing the default file name Tip If your instrument lacks a keyboard touch or click on the icons as indicated right to display a virtual keyboard You can use the mouse or touch screen with the virtual keyboard to type entries in the File name and Files of type boxes Access to virtual keyboard View any includ...

Page 200: ...Overview Control elements resources To recall a waveform cont For more information 8 For more help on recalling waveforms press the Help button in the dialog box to access contextual online help See page 3 167 to learn about using online help End of Procedure ...

Page 201: ...ces R1 R8 Overview To clear a reference Control elements resources Display the Clear Refer ences dialog box 1 From the application menu bar select Edit and then select Clear References See illustration at right Select Refs 2 Click to select the reference to clear If you have a keyboard installed you can hold down the control key and click to select multiple references for deletion Click the Clear ...

Page 202: ...forms are exported as CSV without timing and scaling information the instrument does not import these waveforms directly If you intend to recall a waveform later save it see the procedure To Save Your Waveform on page 3 121 instead of exporting it You cannot import histograms H You may also choose to copy a waveform and paste directly into some applications such as Microsoft Word or Excel If so se...

Page 203: ...dialog box the Histogram button will be disabled in the Export dialog box How you use the exported waveform or histogram depends on your application The following example is a simple application using a waveform the procedure is general and may require adapting for your spreadsheet or other data analysis tool Overview To use exported waveforms Control elements resources Prerequisites 1 MS Excel 97...

Page 204: ...u navigate through the Text Import Wizard You must select delimiter as your data type comma as the delimiter type and General as your data type Tip This step assumes MS Excel 97 your tool may have similar import features for comma separated da ta Check its documentation Begin your chart 5 Click on the row number to select the entire row containing your imported waveform values See illustration at ...

Page 205: ...step Click the Finish button in step 4 You should have a waveform display similar to that show right Tip This procedure assumes MS Excel 97 You can likely specify titles customize the treatment and labeling of the x and y axes etc in your data analysis application either as you create the chart or afterward Use the help for your data analysis application to determine if it has these capabilities a...

Page 206: ...Control elements resources Prerequisites 1 Waveforms must be displayed on screen 2 Your printer must be accessible and configured properly H See Acquiring Waveforms on page 3 3 H See Triggering on page 3 39 H See Displaying Waveforms on page 3 53 H See your printer instructions and or the Windows Help See page 3 161 for information on accessing Window help Access the Print dialog box 3 Select the ...

Page 207: ...lements resources Configure and Print 4 Configure your print job using the the standard Microsoft Windows Print dialog box that displays Press the OK button to print your display Tip Access the printer instructions or the Windows Help system if you require more information on printing End of Procedure ...

Page 208: ...es 1 Waveforms must be displayed on screen 2 Your Printer must be accessible and configured properly H See Acquiring Waveforms on page 3 3 H See Triggering on page 3 39 H See Displaying Waveforms on page 3 53 H See your printer instructions and or the Windows Help See page 3 161 for information on accessing Window help Access the Print dialog box 3 Select the File menu from the application menu ba...

Page 209: ...l elements resources To print using ink saver mode cont Set Ink saver mode 4 In the Page Setup dialog box that displays click Ink saver Mode 5 Click OK to set the instrument to use Ink saver mode or click Print to set up your print job and print the display End of Procedure ...

Page 210: ...ess the Print dialog box 1 Select the File menu from the application menu bar and then select Print in the menu 2 Click the Print to File box in the Print dialog box and click OK Select format and save 3 In the Print to File dialog box navigate to the folder you want Then type a name for your file in the File name box 4 In the Save as type menu click the down arrow and select a file image format f...

Page 211: ...splayed on screen 2 Your Printer must be accessible and configured properly H See Acquiring Waveforms on page 3 3 H See Triggering on page 3 39 H See Displaying Waveforms on page 3 53 H See your printer instructions and or the Windows Help See page 3 161 for information on accessing Window help Access the Display Prop erties dialog box 3 Click the minimize button in the upper right corner of the U...

Page 212: ... the Set tings Tab 5 In the Display Properties dialog box that displays click the Settings tab Select and Set High Color 6 Click the monitor 1 icon if necessary in the Settings dialog box 7 Select High Color in the Colors list box 8 Click OK to apply changes If a confirmation box appears click its OK button End of Procedure ...

Page 213: ...ng To return to 256 colors repeat the procedure above but select 256 colors in step 4 Remote Communication Remote communication is performed through the GPIB interface Consult the online Programmer Guide for help with establishing remote communication and control of the instrument To access the Programmer Guide select Programmer Guide in the Help menu from the front screen ...

Page 214: ...Data Input and Output 3 140 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual ...

Page 215: ...base Mask Testing Waveforms This section overviews the instrument features related to mask testing including how to create edit delete and activate masks You can select a standard mask edit a mask or create an new mask from scratch Use mask testing to test your waveforms for time or amplitude violations Mask testing will count waveform samples called hits or violations that occur within a specific...

Page 216: ... contains one or more masks that when applied against the waveforms for which they are intended test the waveform for violations of an industry standard The supported standards are listed in Table 3 9 Masks are numbered polygons that define an area within a mask standard or within a user mask in which to count waveform samples as hits Table 3 9 Standard masks SONET SDH Fiber channel Ethernet Other...

Page 217: ...lace one point further left of right than the others on the edge H The vertices numbers increase according to their order from left to right The instrument reassigns numbers to vertices during mask creation or editing to hold to this rule H When adding new points to a mask the instrument determines their location in the mask as follows see Figure 3 26 a Defines an imaginary line between the left m...

Page 218: ...ints form the top of the mask Left most point Right most point Top bottom dividing line not displayed Figure 3 26 Creating a user mask Note in Figure 3 27 that a new vertex has been added to the mask shown in Figure 3 26 Since the point is added above the line it s added to the top User added vertex Figure 3 27 Adding a new vertex ...

Page 219: ...lize the instrument Use the procedure that follow to set up the instrument to mask test a waveform against a mask standard or user defined mask set Overview To mask test a waveform Related control elements resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument must have at least one waveform turned on See Displaying Waveforms on page 3 53 for information on displaying waveforms Access the Mask Setup dialog box ...

Page 220: ...ask counting H displays mask count statistics in the mask readout right of the display A mask does not have to be displayed to have mask counting enabled 5 CheckUseWfm Database touse awaveform databaseas the waveform source The Clear Data button resets all mask counts In addition if the source for mask testing is a waveform database clicking this button clears the waveform database Tip Selecting a...

Page 221: ...opline and Low level baseline taken within the fixed eye aperture center 20 of the eye to align the input signal to the NRZ mask Mode sets the Mask Autoset to use the High level topline and Low level baseline taken across one unit interval of the eye diagram to align the input signal to the NRZ mask Set Stop Action start testing 10 From the application menu bar select Setup and then select Acquisi...

Page 222: ...rces To mask test a waveform cont Restart testing 14 To restart after a Stop After condition occurs push the front panel CLEAR DATA front panel button Tip If you want to acquire one and only one more waveform after the Stop After condition occurs push the RUN STOP front panel button instead of CLEAR DATA End of Procedure ...

Page 223: ...box displayed See Displaying Waveforms on page 3 53 for information on displaying waveforms Select a mask 2 Next you need to select and enable a standard mask set To start with a standard mask pull down the Comm Standard list and choose a standard mask To create a mask from scratch or edit an existing user defined mask select User in the Comm Standard selection list Open Mask Edit dialog box 3 Cli...

Page 224: ...selected mask 6 Use the Horizontal and Vertical box controls to set the horizontal and vertical positions of the selected vertex Tip You may also drag and drop vertices directly on the mask to new locations Click on the mask on the graticule to select it Vertices are designated with an X 7 Click Add to add a vertex to the selected mask After clicking Add click the location on the selected mask in ...

Page 225: ...ollows H Mask n Each mask in the standard is listed by number Mask 1 for example along side the number of hits in that mask H Total Displays the total of all hits in all masks H Wfms Displays the number of waveforms that have been tested against the masks To zero the counts for all masks click Clear in the Mask Setup dialog box NOTE Executing Clear will clear not only the mask counts but also the ...

Page 226: ...he diagonal runs from the top left most point to the bottom right most point Points below the diagonal form the bottom boundary of the mask points above it form the top boundary Use this procedure to create a new mask Overview To create a new mask Related control elements resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument must have at least one waveform turned on and the Mask Setup dialog box displayed See ...

Page 227: ...elect the user defined mask you wish to edit 5 Use the Vertex controls to add position and delete vertices on your new mask You may also drag and drop vertices directly on the graticule display 6 Click End Mask Edit when you are finished creating your mask to apply all additions changes and return to the Mask Setup dialog box 7 Read Helpful Hints immediately following this procedure for more infor...

Page 228: ...istogram Editing You can use the controls in Hist Setup dialog box to completely specify the histogram box on the waveform in waveform units or as a percent of the graticule For quick edits you can use can use the mouse or touchscreen to drag to resize and reposition the box directly on the screen Any Waveform or database as Source Histograms can be taken on all channel math and reference waveform...

Page 229: ...ur data analysis tasks Histogram Counting Stays On Once you check Enable Histogram in the Histogram Setup dialog histogram counting starts and continues until you turn disable the histogram or clear the histogram counts If the histogram is not displayed on the graticule but histogram statistics still appear on the display histogram counting is still running NOTE Histogram counts are cleared when p...

Page 230: ...play and reset histogram source and type 3 Use the Source pulldown list to select a waveform source for the histogram 4 Check Enable Histogram to start histogram counting display the histogram on screen and turn on the Histogram readout 5 Click the Vertical or Horizontal histogram option button of you choice You can only display one type of histogram at a time 6 Check if you want the data taken on...

Page 231: ...ic to display histogram data logarithmi cally Bin counts are scaled logarithmically Logarithmic scaling provides better visual details for bins with low counts Set histogram limit controls 11 Use the Top Bottom Left and Right boxes to set the size and location of the histogram box The histogram box selects the section of the waveform used for histograms 12 Select Absolute to use units based on the...

Page 232: ...k Pk Pk The peak to peak value of the histogram Vertical histograms display the amplitude of the highest nonzero bin minus the amplitude of the lowest nonzero bin Horizontal histograms display the time of the rightmost nonzero bin minus the time of the leftmost nonzero bin Mean 1 StdDev 1σ The percentage of points in the histogram which are within 1 standard deviation of the histogram mean Mean 2 ...

Page 233: ...rses the intensity color assignments to each pixel in the database display H You can set any selected database to use a persistence mode to accumulate and display data Infinite persistence mode continues displaying waveforms as they accumulate until the selected database is cleared manually or by a control change Variable persistence mode keeps and displays accumulated data in the specified databa...

Page 234: ...ntal units that match the horizontal units of the source H Vertical rows Always 402 rows which is the maximum vertical graticule size plus one row each for overrange OR and underrange UR Rows are in vertical units that match the vertical units of the source H Count weights or density up to 32 bits Display When you assign a waveform database to a waveform source using the Waveform Database Setup di...

Page 235: ...f the maximum bin count is less than the number of display colors then a one for one mapping of counts to colors intensities is used BIN7 selects a binary grading method that uses eight display colors intensi ties This method assigns ranges of counts to colors intensities by succes sively halving the maximum bin count and assigning the resultant ranges in brightest to darkest color intensity order...

Page 236: ...urce for the waveform database By default the first available waveform is used as the waveform source unless you select a different source 4 Check On to begin accumulating into the waveform database 5 Check Display to turn on the display of the waveform database Uncheckthisboxtodisplaythevectorwaveform selected as the source for the database 6 Click the Clear Data button to clear the data accumula...

Page 237: ... dot mode the waveform display is updated with each acquisition to reflect the current data In Fig 3 30 waveform database display has been turned on and you can see the waveform data accumulation is displayed all at once with subsequent acquisition data being added to the display as it is acquired Figure 3 29 Normal vector view of a waveform Figure 3 30 Waveform database view of a waveform ...

Page 238: ...e Variable to display accumulated data in the specified database until the user specified waveform count is surpassed Each waveform accumulated beyond the count removes the oldest waveform accumulated earlier in the database Waveforms For Variable persistence use the Waveforms entry box or the sliding control above it to set the Waveforms count The count applies to the currently selected database ...

Page 239: ...r to see frequencies or occurrences with smaller numbers of counts Intensity Choose Intensity to draw the waveform database with varying intensities that vary with how frequently each sample value occurs in the database Grading Method Select any one of four grading methods available from the pull down menu Emphasize Counts If you select one of the two Emphasized grading methods slide the Emphasize...

Page 240: ...play cont Notice the difference in intensities of the same data between these two illustrations In the top illustration this portion of data is lighter in intensity signalling it is least occurring In the illustration to the right with Invert Color Intensity turned on this data appears much darker allowing you to see the data more clearly End of Procedure ...

Page 241: ...nce Guide is available on the Tektronix Web site see Contacting in the Preface on page xiii Go to the link for User Manuals and select the document name from the download selection list Use online help as your primary always on hand user information source for this instrument Most of the information you need to operate this instrument and use it effectively is found in the online help where you ca...

Page 242: ...guide either displayed on the instrument screen or on any windows equipped PC for support on operating the instrument from the GPIB How to Use Online Help Use the procedure steps that follow to access contextual help and to learn how to search the help system for more information Overview To use the online help Control elements resources Prerequisites 1 The instrument must be powered up and runnin...

Page 243: ...the mouse pointer changes to the following icon 4 Now click the control you want described A bubble pops up describing the control See below What s This button for main display What s This button for dialog boxes For in depth contextual overviews 5 Most dialog boxes whether setup or other types have a Help button as shown right Click the button to open the help system with an overview of the dialo...

Page 244: ...Accessing Online Help 3 170 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual Overview Control elements resources To use the online help cont ...

Page 245: ...lp using methods with which most users of PCs are familiar from the application menu bar select Help and then select Contents Index See illustration at right 7 From the online help finder see below choose from the three tabs 8 Click the book icons to expose topic titles and then click a topic to highlight it Click the Display button to open the topic in a help window ...

Page 246: ...ant to make From the application menu bar select Help and then select Help Contents and Index See right From the list of topics book icons that displays double click Setup Procedures and double click Setup dialog procedures 10 Select a procedure from the list that displays The procedure will display in a help window that is sized and located to minimize interference with the controls needed to per...

Page 247: ... want to enable full text search From the application menu bar select Help and then select Contents Index See illustration at right 12 From the online help finder see below choose the Find tab 13 Choose the method for word list generation and select next or finish Once the word list generation finishes future accesses of the find tab will immediately access a pane for searching with full text sear...

Page 248: ...he Start menu and then select Help from the menu See lower right The online help for the Windows operating system displays 16 When your done with the online help you can dismiss it To restore the user interface application to the screen click its icon in the tool bar Tip To switch between online help and the application you can hold down the ALT key while you press Tab repeatedly to alternate betw...

Page 249: ...ristle brush If any dirt remains use a cloth or swab dipped in a 75 isopropyl alcohol solution Use a swab to clean narrow spaces around controls and connectors Do not use abrasive compounds on any part of the chassis that may damage the chassis Clean the On Standby switch using a dampened cleaning towel Do not spray or wet the switch directly CAUTION Avoid the use of chemical cleaning agents which...

Page 250: ...e force Clean the flat panel display surface by gently rubbing the display with a clean room wipe such as Wypall Medium Duty Wipes 05701 available from Kimberly Clark Corporation If the display is very dirty moisten the wipe with distilled water or a 75 isopropyl alcohol solution and gently rub the display surface Avoid using excess force or you may damage the plastic display surface Optical Conne...

Page 251: ...trument and sampling modules unless noted otherwise To meet specifications three conditions must first be met H The instrument must have been calibrated adjusted at an ambient tempera ture between 10 _C and 40 _C H The instrument must have been operating continuously for 20 minutes within the operating temperature range specified H The instrument must be in an environment with temperature altitude...

Page 252: ...rd length1 20 50 100 250 500 1 000 2 000 or 4 000 samples Horizontal scale range 1 ps div to 5 ms div in 1 2 5 steps or 1 ps increments Maximum record lengths apply at certain ranges per table below g Scale set to an integer multiple of Maximum record length 1 ps div 1000 2 ps div 2000 4 ps div 4000 Horizontal position range 50 ms maximum Horizontal resolution 10 fs minimum Horizontal position set...

Page 253: ...ternal Clock Trigger and Clock Recovery with appropriately equipped optical modules Auto normal mode Normal mode wait for trigger Auto mode Trigger automatically generated after 100 ms time out Slope or select Edge mode Triggers on positive slewing edge Edge mode Triggers on negative slewing edge High frequency on off select High Frequency ON mode Removes trigger hysteresis and improves sensitivit...

Page 254: ...ct trigger input range 1 5 V DC peak AC maximum input voltage External direct trigger maximum operating trigger signal2 1 Vpp External direct trigger level range Adjustable between 1 0 V n External direct trigger sensitivity3 100 mV DC 3 GHz External direct trigger sensitivity 50 mV typical DC 4 GHz External direct trigger level resolution 1 mV n External direct trigger level accuracy 50 mV 0 10 x...

Page 255: ... input charac teristics 50 Ω AC coupled input resistance divide by eight prescaler ratio fixed level zero volts External prescaled trigger absolute maxi mum input 2 5 Vpp n External prescaled The limits are as follows p trigger sensitivity Frequency range Sensitivity 2 3 GHz 800 mVpp 3 10 GHz 600 mV 3 10 GHz 600 mVpp External prescaled trigger sensitivity typ Frequency range Sensitivity trigger se...

Page 256: ...s from 5 to 500 Hz 10 minutes each axis 3 axis 30 minutes total Random vibration nonoperating 2 28 g rms from 5 to 500 Hz 10 minutes each axis 3 axis 30 minutes total non operating Atmospherics Temperature Operating 10 C to 40 C 0 C to 35 C for 80E0X modules on Tektronix part number 012 1569 00 2 meter extender Nonoperating 22 C to 60 C Relative humidity Operating 20 to 80 with a maximum wet bulb ...

Page 257: ... source line voltage Two sizes can be used 0 25 x 1 25 inch size UL 198G CSA C22 2 No 59 Fast acting 8 Amp 250 V Tek p n 159 0046 00 BUSSMAN p n ABC 8 LITTLE FUSE p n 314008 5 x 20 mm size IEC 127 sheet 1 fast acting F high breaking capacity 6 3 Amp 250 V Tek p n none BUSSMAN p n GDA 6 3 LITTLEFUSE p n 21606 3 Cooling requirements Six fans with speed regulated by internal temperature sensors A 2 i...

Page 258: ...Capabilities Port ECP Serial port 9 pin D subminature serial port connector using NS16C550 compatible UARTs supporting transfer speeds up to 115 2 kbits sec PS 2 Keyboard and Mouse Interface PS 2 compatible keyboard and mouse connectors LAN interface RJ 45 LAN connector supporting 10 base T and 100 base T External audio con nectors External audio jacks for MIC IN and LINE OUT USB interface One USB...

Page 259: ...ger Input Maximum Disable Time Option GT equipped instruments only The system checks the status of the gated Trigger approximately once per holdoff and re arm cycle If the Gated Trigger is disabled immediately after this system check it will allow nominally a maximum time of holdoff trigger period to elapsed before the checking for the status of the Gated Trigger input recognizing the disable cond...

Page 260: ...ass laminate Cabinet Aluminum Weight 19 5 kg 43 0 lb no keyboard no mouse no top pouch no power cord and no modules or front shield installed 22 0 kg 48 5 lb keyboard mouse top pouch power cord front shield installed and no modules installed Overall Dimensions Height 343 mm 13 5 in Width 457 mm 18 0 in Depth 419 mm 16 5 in The dimensions do not include feet rack mount kit or protruding connectors ...

Page 261: ...y increase the horizontal timing jitter when external electromagnetic fields are applied For fields up to 3 V m the increase in the horizontal high frequency RMS jitter is typically less than 3 ps RMS of jitter added using the square root of the sum of the squares method An example follows If an 80C01 CR operating in clock recovery trigger mode exhibits 3 5 ps RMS of edge jitter with no EMC field ...

Page 262: ...sockets Equipment at this level includes appliances portable tools and similar products Equipment is usually cord connected CAT I Secondary signal level or battery operated circuits of electronic equipment Pollution Degree Descriptions A measure of the contaminates that could occur in the environment around and within a product Typically the internal environment inside a product is considered to b...

Page 263: ... Non Return to Zero eye pattern H Pulse signals see Pulse Measurements on page B 2 H Return to Zero eye patterns see RZ Measurements on page B 15 H Non Return to Zero eye patterns see RZ Measurements on page B 37 H Descriptions of the reference parameters levels and crossings that the automatic measurement system uses when taking automatic measurements See Measurement Reference Parameters and Meth...

Page 264: ...gion to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 For best results with this measurement optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 Average Optical Power dBm The true average component of an optical signal expressed in decibels This measurement results from the use of a hardware average power monitor circuit rather...

Page 265: ...verage power monitor as part of the compensation routine To access choose Compensation in the Utilities menu of the application Average Optical Power watts DC Signal current DC amps Conversion Gain amps watts Cycle Mean The arithmetic mean of the waveform over the first cycle of the measurement region The waveform cycle is determined at the crossings of the mid reference level See Measurement Refe...

Page 266: ...rt Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 For best results with this measurement optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 Low The bottom reference level for a measured waveform Several methods can be applied to the data sampled in the lower half of the waveform to determine the Low value and you can use the Tracking Method control to se...

Page 267: ...surement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 Optical Modulation Amplitude The difference between the average power levels of the logic 1 High and the logic 0 Low of the optical pulse signal The levels are the Mean values of the logical levels sampled within an Aperture of the logical 1 and 0 regions of the pulse The logical 1 and 0 time intervals are marked by the crossings of a r...

Page 268: ...t Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 For best results with this measurement optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement Overshoot 100 Max High High Low Overshoot The ratio of the minimum waveform value to the signal amplitude over the measurement region expressed as a percentage Where H Min is the signal minimum H High and Low are the 100 and 0 signal reference levels If enabled measurem...

Page 269: ...uare value of the waveform over the measurement region If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 For best results with this measurement optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 RMS Noise One standard deviation of the waveform amplitude variance samp...

Page 270: ...ositive crossing of the data sampled at the mid reference level in the measurement region Cross Tcross Where Tcross is the horizontal coordinate of the first positive crossing See Pulse Sources on page B 57 The mid reference level is adjustable and defaults to 50 of the pulse amplitude If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate...

Page 271: ...ult searching is forward from the Start Gate for each source but can be reversed so that searching is backward from the Stop Gate Direction can be controlled independently for the two waveform sources See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 Duty Cycle The ratio expressed as a percentage of the first positive pulse width within the measurement region to the period of the signal The time interval...

Page 272: ...ssing of the low reference level H TcrossH is the time of crossing of the high reference level The low reference and high reference levels are adjustable and default to 10 and 90 of the pulse amplitude There are four Reference Level Calculation methods available for determining these reference levels See Measurement Reference Parameters and Methods on page B 56 or in the online help and in Also se...

Page 273: ...and default to 50 of the pulse amplitude If measurement gates are enabled the measurement region is constrained between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 of the sources Phase Tcross1 of source2 Tcross1 of source1 Tcross3 of source1 Tcross1 of source1 360 Pk Pk Jitter The delta between the minimum and maximum of time crossings of data sampled at the at the mid reference level Pk Pk Jitter Tcrosspp...

Page 274: ...versed so that the search will be backward from the Stop Gate See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 RMS Jitter The time variance on the time crossings of data sampled at the mid reference level RMS Jitter is defined as one standard deviation σ of that variance RMS Jitter Tcrossσ Where Tcrossσ is one standard deviation of the variance of crossing times for a histogram of the Tcross values Tcro...

Page 275: ...rs and Methods on page B 56 or in the online help Also see Reference Levels Method on page 3 79 If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 Width The horizontal interval between the crossings of the falling and rising edges at the mid refer ence level of the first negative pulse in t...

Page 276: ...ent region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 For best results optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 Area ጺwaveform t dt Cycle Area The area under the curve for the first waveform period within the measurement region Area measured above ground is positive ar...

Page 277: ...tical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 RZ Amplitude The difference between the logical 1 level High and the logical 0 level Low of the RZ signal Both High and Low levels are measured within the Eye Aperture RZ Amplitude High Low...

Page 278: ...he optical channel which corrects for minor DC variances in the average power monitor as part of the compensation routine To access choose Compensation in the Utilities menu of the application RZ Average Optical Power watts Where H DC Signal Current is the O E converter photo detector current in DC amps H Conversion Gain is the O E converter photo detector gain in amps watts Note Average optical p...

Page 279: ...fore taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 RZ ExtRatio High Low RZ Extinction Ratio The ratio of the average power levels of the logic 0 level Low to the logic 1 level High of an optical RZ signal expressed as a percentage All level determinations are made within the RZ Eye Aperture Where High and Low are the logical 1 and 0 levels The Eye Aperture is adjusta...

Page 280: ...l Resolution on page B 69 RZ ExtRatio dB 10 logᏋHigh Low Ꮠ RZ Eye Height RZ Eye Height is a measure of how noise affects the vertical opening between the High and Low levels of an RZ pulse The RZ pulse is sampled within the Eye Aperture where the High and Low levels are determined as the mean of the histogram of the data distribution in the upper and lower half of the pulse respectively The noise ...

Page 281: ...h this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 RZ Eye Opening Factor Ꮛ High σhigh Low σlow High Low Ꮠ R...

Page 282: ...d waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 RZ Low The logical 0 level of the RZ signal The data within the Eye Aperture is sampled a histogram is built from the lower half of the RZ eye and the mean of the his...

Page 283: ...turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 For best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the ...

Page 284: ...measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 RZ Peak to Peak The difference between the Max and Min vertical values of the waveform that is sampled within the measurement region RZ Peak to Peak Max Min Where Max and Min are the maximum and minimum measurements If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 Se...

Page 285: ... 1 or 0 levels If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 This measurement requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available For best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before takin...

Page 286: ...surement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 For best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H O...

Page 287: ...mpensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 RZ Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of the RZ pulse amplitude to the noise on either the High logical 1 or Low logical 0 level The data within the Eye Aperture is sampled and the mean of the histogram yields the High and Low levels The noise is defined ...

Page 288: ...he logical 1 and 0 levels H Suppress is the mean of the histogram of the data within an Eye Aperture in the suppressed region The Eye Aperture is adjustable and defaults to 5 of the RZ pulse width See RZ Eye Aperture Parameters on B 62 If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 The region used for sampling the suppressed reg...

Page 289: ...H High and Low are the logical 1 and 0 levels H Suppress is the mean of the histogram of the data within an Eye Aperture in the suppressed region The Eye Aperture is adjustable and defaults to 5 of the RZ pulse width See RZ Eye Aperture Parameters on B 62 If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 The region used for samplin...

Page 290: ... and Low are the logical 1 and 0 levels H Suppress is the mean of the histogram of the data within an Eye Aperture in the suppressed region The Eye Aperture is adjustable and defaults to 5 of the RZ pulse width See RZ Eye Aperture Parameters on B 62 If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 The region used for sampling the ...

Page 291: ...nstrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 This measurement requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 RZ Bit Rate 1 Tcross3 Tcross1 RZ Bit Time The tim...

Page 292: ...urement on page 3 83 This measurement requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 RZ Cross The time of a negative crossing defined as the mean of the histogram of the data sampled at the mid reference level Cross Tcross Where Tcross is the...

Page 293: ... for the first rising or falling edge as defined by Slope but the Direction of traversal can be reversed so that the search will be backward from the Stop Gate See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 This measurement requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Wavefo...

Page 294: ...t the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 RZ Fall Time RZ Fall Time characterizes the negative slope of the RZ pulse by computing the time interval between the mean crossings of the high reference level and the low reference level RZ Fall Time TcrossL TcrossH Where H TcrossLRZFig_RefLevels Second is the mean of the histogram of the cr...

Page 295: ... it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 Phase Tcross1 of source2 Tcross1 of source1 Tcross3 of source1 Tcross1 of source1 360 RZ Pk Pk Jitter The delta between the minimum and maximum of time crossings at the reference level with the mean of the histogram being Tcross Pk PK Jitter Tcrosspp The mid reference ...

Page 296: ... requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 RZ Pulse Symmetry 100 Ꮛ Tcross0 Tcross1 Tcross2 Tcross1 Ꮠ RZ Rise Time RZ Rise Time characterizes the positive slope of the RZ pulse by computing the time interval between the mean crossings of ...

Page 297: ...default the algorithm searches forward from the Start Gate for the first specified edge but the Direction of traversal can be reversed so that the search will be backward from the Stop Gate See To Localize a Measurement on page 3 83 This measurement requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database...

Page 298: ...urce of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 RZ Area ጺwaveform t dt RZ Cycle Area The area under the curve for the first RZ bit period Area measured above ground is positive area measured belo...

Page 299: ...k Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ Amplitude The difference between the logical 1 level High and the logical 0 level Low of the NRZ signal Both High and Low levels are measured within the Eye Aperture NRZ Amplitude High Low Where High and Low are t...

Page 300: ...te the optical channel which corrects for minor DC variances in the average power monitor as part of the compensation routine To access choose Compensation in the Utilities menu of the application NRZ Average Optical Power watts where H DC Signal Current is the O E converter photo detector current in DC amps H Conversion Gain is the O E converter photo detector gain in amps watts Note Average opti...

Page 301: ...best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ Crossing 100 Eye Cross Low High ...

Page 302: ...rm Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ ExtRatio 100 ᏋLow High Ꮠ NRZ Extinction Ratio The ratio of the average power levels of the logic 0 level Low to the logic 1 level High of an optical NRZ signal expressed as a percentage All level determinati...

Page 303: ... the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ ExtRatio dB 10 logᏋHigh Low Ꮠ NRZ Eye Height A measure of how noise affects the vertical opening between the High and Low levels of an NRZ eye The NRZ eye is sampled within the Eye Aperture where the High and Low levels are determined as the mean of the histogram of the data distribution in the upper and lower half of the eye respectively The noise levels ...

Page 304: ...the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ Gain Ampl2 Ampl1 NRZ High The logical 1 of the NRZ signal The data within the Eye Aperture is sampled a histogram is built from the upper...

Page 305: ... is sampled within the measurement region If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available For best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the sour...

Page 306: ...urce of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ Mid Max Min 2 NRZ Min The minimum vertical value of the selected waveform the measurement region If enabled measurement gates constrain the mea...

Page 307: ...an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ Overshoot 100 Max High High Low NRZ Overshoot The ratio of the minimum value of the measured signal to its amplitude expressed as a percentage The waveform is scanned for the m...

Page 308: ...roduced See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 NRZ Peak to Peak The difference between the Max and Min vertical values of the selected waveform within the measurement region See Defining and displaying waveforms on page 3 56 NRZ Peak to Peak Max Min Where Max and Min are the maximum and minimum measurements If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Sta...

Page 309: ...ocalize a Measurement on page 3 83 If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement region to the area between the Start Gate G1 and Stop Gate G2 This measurement requires the use of a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available For best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compe...

Page 310: ...it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 For best results with this measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical r...

Page 311: ...lution before taking this measurement See How to Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 70 NRZ Signal to Noise Ratio NRZ Signal to Noise is the ratio of the NRZ eye amplitude to the noise on either the High logical 1 or Low logical 0 level The data within the Eye Aperture is sampled and the mean of the histogram yields the High and Low levels The noise is defined as one standard deviation of t...

Page 312: ...ystem to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 NRZ Bit Rate 1 Tcross2 Tcross1 NRZ Bit Time NRZ Bit Time is measured as the time interval between two consecutive eye crossing points NRZ Bit Time Tcross2 Tcross1 Where Tcross2 and Tcross1 are the mean of the histogram of the two consecutive eye crossings If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement re...

Page 313: ...The ratio of the time interval between the points where the rising and the falling edges cross the mid reference level and the NRZ bit time Where Tcross1 and Tcross2 are the mean of the histogram of the two consecutive eye crossings and Trise and Tfall and the time points where the rising and falling edges cross the mid reference level See NRZ Crossings on page B 64 The mid reference level is adju...

Page 314: ...e B 70 NRZ Frequency NRZ Frequency is defined as half of the inverse of the time interval between two consecutive eye crossing points i e the reciprocal of the Period It would be the frequency of a digital signal of a 0 1 0 1 stream Where Tcross1 and Tcross2 are the mean of the histogram of the two crossings See NRZ Crossings on page B 64 If enabled measurement gates constrain the measurement regi...

Page 315: ... a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 Phase Tcross1 of source2 Tcross1 of source1 Tcross3 of source1 Tcross1 of source1 360 NRZ Pk Pk Jitter The delta between the minimum and maximum of time crossings with the mean of the histogram being Tcross Pk PK J...

Page 316: ... a waveform database When this measurement is turned on it will automatically set the measurement system to use a waveform database if available See Use a Waveform Database on page B 70 NRZ RMS Jitter Jitter is the measure of time variance on the rising and falling edges at the NRZ eye crossing or at the mid reference level RMS Jitter is defined as one standard deviation σ of that variance The mea...

Page 317: ...s measurement H Perform a Dark Level compensation before taking this measurement if the source of the measured waveform is an optical channel See To Perform Dark Level and User Wavelength Gain Compensations on page 3 98 H Optimize the vertical resolution before taking this measurement See To Optimize the Vertical Resolution on page B 69 NRZ Area ጺwaveform t dt NRZ Cycle Area The area under the cur...

Page 318: ...ference 0 mV Low reference Low 50 mV 90 10 90 mV 10 mV 40 mV 40 mV 90 mV 10 mV 50 50 mV 50 mV 0 mV 1 Relative Reference is calculated as percentage of the High Low range 2 High Delta Reference is calculated as the absolute values from the High Level 3 Low Delta Reference is calculated as absolute values from the Low Level 4 Absolute Reference is set by absolute values in user units 5 AOP not shown...

Page 319: ...tic measurement system uses the following levels when measuring Pulse source waveforms For the Pulse measurements and their definitions that use the levels described here see page B 2 TcrossH High High reference Low Low reference TcrossL Figure B 2 Pulse reference levels Pulse Measurement Reference Levels ...

Page 320: ...e on a pulse Crossings at the measured Average Optical Power level determine the positions of the eye apertures for the logical 1 and logical 0 of the pulse size set in the measurement Region control The High Power Logic 1 and Low Power Logic 0 levels are determined as the mean values of the logical levels sampled within the eye aperture of the logical 1 and 0 regions of the pulse Pulse Crossings ...

Page 321: ...thods CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual B 59 Eye aperature Power logic 1 Average optical power Tcross1 Tcross2 Tcross3 Power logic 0 Figure B 4 AOP pulse crossings and mid reference level High Low Max Figure B 5 Overshoot levels Overshoot Levels ...

Page 322: ...llowing levels when measuring RZ source waveforms For the RZ measurements and their definitions that use the levels described here see page B 15 The following levels are used when deriving measurements on RZ waveforms TcrossL Low reference TcrossH High reference Figure B 6 RZ measurement reference levels RZ Measurement Reference Levels ...

Page 323: ...erence Parameters and Methods CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual B 61 The following measurement parameters are used when deriving RZ measure ments Tcross2 Mid reference Tcross1 Tcross3 Figure B 7 RZ crossings RZ Crossings ...

Page 324: ...RZ waveforms Low High Eye aperture High reference Low reference Mid reference Figure B 8 RZ eye aperture parameters NRZ Sources The automatic measurement system uses the following levels when measuring NRZ source waveforms For the NRZ measurements and their definitions that use the levels described here see page B 37 RZ Eye Aperture Parameters ...

Page 325: ...ods CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual B 63 The following levels are used when deriving measurements on NRZ waveforms TcrossH TcrossL High reference Low Low reference High Figure B 9 NRZ measurement reference levels NRZ Measurement Reference Levels ...

Page 326: ...ment Reference Parameters and Methods B 64 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual The following measurement parameters are used when deriving NRZ measure ments Tcross Cross level Figure B 10 NRZ crossings NRZ Crossings ...

Page 327: ...arameters and Methods CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual B 65 The following parameters are used when deriving measurements on NRZ waveforms Eye aperture Low High Figure B 11 NRZ eye aperture parameters NRZ Eye Aperture Parameters ...

Page 328: ...Parameters and Methods B 66 CSA8000B TDS8000B User Manual The following measurement parameters are used when deriving overshoot measurements on NRZ waveforms Max High Low Figure B 12 NRZ overshoot levels NRZ Overshoot Levels ...

Page 329: ...rms is determined from the means of histograms of the data from level 1 and level 0 taken on a vertical slice through the NRZ eye crossing This method gives an approximation of Optical Modulation Amplitude of an NRZ waveform Optical Modulations Amplitude measurements are primarily defined for Pulse signals Vertical slice P1 histogram at logic high P1 histogram at logic low Figure B 13 NRZ Crossing...

Page 330: ...methods that are appropriate to adjust or example RISE time the instrument automatically enables the method controls for your adjustment The methods available are shown below Low High Mid ref Mean Tracking Method Histogram Mean of Histogram sets the values statistically Using a histogram it selects the mean or average value derived using all values either above or below the midpoint depending on w...

Page 331: ...m operating on a triangle wave would not find consistent high and low levels so the instrument would switch to the Min Max mode Consistent high and low levels would be found on a square wave so the Auto mode would use the Mode method Mid reference Level The mid reference level adjustable from the Meas Setup dialog box defaults to 50 of the pulse amplitude If measurement gates are enabled the measu...

Page 332: ...orm database When one is specified the instrument acquires or computes the targeted measurement source then accumulates it into in the waveform database and then takes the measurement on the database data When you select the RZ or NRZ signal type the instrument attempts to automatically allocate one of the four waveform databases it provides to your measurement source ...

Page 333: ...ument digitizes at an effective sampling rate that is too slow to reproduce the input signal The waveform displayed on screen may have a lower frequency than the actual input signal Annotations Lines displayed on screen to indicate measurement reference levels and points that an automatic measurement is using to derive the measurement value Attenuation The degree the amplitude of a signal is reduc...

Page 334: ... An acronym for Bit Error Ratio or Rate The principal measure of quality of a digital transmission system BER is defined as BER Number of Errors Total Number of Bits BER is usually expressed as a negative exponent For example a BER of 10 7 means that 1 bit out of 107 bits is in error BER floor A limiting of the bit error ratio in a digital system as a function of received power due to the presence...

Page 335: ...n use to make measurements between two waveform locations The instrument displays the values expressed in vertical or horizontal units of the position of each cursor and the distance between the two cursors Delay time See Horizontal Delay Digitizing The process of converting a continuous analog signal such as a waveform to a set of discrete numbers representing the amplitude of the signal at speci...

Page 336: ...lock recovery available as an option with optical sampling modules or the internal clock Envelope acquisition mode A mode in which the instrument acquires and displays a waveform that shows the variation extremes of several acquisitions Equivalent time sampling ET A sampling mode in which the instrument acquires signals over many repetitions of the event This instrument uses a type of equivalent t...

Page 337: ... fall time and rise time Typically set to 90 See Levels Used in Amplitude Timing and Area Measurements on page 3 79 for more details Holdoff trigger A specified amount of time after a trigger signal that elapses before the trigger circuit will accept another trigger signal Trigger holdoff helps ensure a stable display Horizontal Acquisition Window A common time window or range that is applied to a...

Page 338: ...ord points in a curve fit between the actual values acquired It assumes all the interpolated points fall in their appropriate point in time on that curve None displays only the acquired data points Knob A rotary control Live Waveforms Waveforms that can update as the acquisition system acquires data Channel waveforms are live waveforms reference waveforms are not Math waveforms are live if they co...

Page 339: ...ing and Area Measurements on page 3 79 for more details Non Return to Zero NRZ A waveform type for of a source to be measured OMA Optical Modulation Amplitude The difference between the average power levels of the logic 1 level High and the logic 0 level Low of the optical pulse signal The levels are the Means of the logical levels sampled within an Aperture of the logical 1 and 0 regions of the p...

Page 340: ...or unplugged Reference waveforms Waveforms that are static not live see live waveforms Reference waveforms are channel or math waveforms that you save to references or to files in the instrument file system Once saved they do not update Sample acquisition mode The instrument creates a record point by saving the first sample during each acquisition interval That is the default mode of the acquisiti...

Page 341: ...t that marks time zero in the waveform record It results in acquisi tion of the waveform as specified by the time base Trigger level The vertical level the trigger signal must cross to generate a trigger on edge trigger mode Uptime The number of hours the instrument has been powered on Vertical bar cursors The two vertical bars you position to measure the time parameter of a waveform record The in...

Page 342: ...ination of signals Waveforms can be channel reference or math waveforms Waveform cursors The cursor mode that presents two cursors you position to measure both the time and amplitude parameters of a waveform record The instrument displays the time of both cursors with respect to the trigger and the time between the cursors The instrument also displays the value of both cursors with respect to the ...

Page 343: ...enuation Glossary 1 Attenuators external use of 3 6 Auto trigger mode 3 41 Automatic measurement Glossary 1 Automatic measurements 3 74 annotations 3 74 behavior with databases 3 76 categories for selection 3 76 database as source requirement exclusion 3 76 databases as sources 3 75 dual waveform 3 76 high low tracking 3 77 methods for 3 77 how to localize gates 3 83 how to take 3 80 independent c...

Page 344: ...s DIRECT 3 42 3 44 locations and purpose 1 12 PRESCALE 3 42 3 44 Contacting Tektronix xiii Controls initialize Glossary 6 knob Glossary 6 selected waveform 3 7 Controls bar 2 7 Coupling Glossary 3 CSA8000 description 1 1 Cursor measurements 3 85 3 87 Cursor Measurements how to set sources for 3 90 Cursor measurements how to take 3 89 sources 3 86 what s measured 3 85 why use 3 85 Cursors 3 85 Glos...

Page 345: ...find A 1 Envelope acquisition mode Glossary 4 Environmental requirements installation 1 9 Equivalent time sampling random Glossary 4 Error detection Glossary 4 Error rate Glossary 4 ESD and sampling modules 3 6 and trigger source inputs 3 43 Exporting waveforms 3 128 Extinction ratio Glossary 4 F Fiberchannel standards supported 3 142 Firmware upgrade 1 4 Flat panel display cleaning 3 176 FrameSca...

Page 346: ...1 20 perform diagnostics 1 18 perform hardware and operating system test 1 38 perform the functional tests 1 21 test equipment required by 1 17 Infinite Persistence display mode 3 67 Initialize Glossary 6 Ink saver mode 3 134 Input Output front panel map 2 11 Input Output rear panel map 2 12 Inspection and cleaning exterior 3 175 flat panel display 3 176 Installation 1 9 environmental requirements...

Page 347: ...e limitations 3 102 3 107 why use 3 102 Measurement Gated Glossary 4 High Glossary 5 Low Glossary 6 Measurement accuracy optimizing 3 92 3 100 Measurement level HighRef Glossary 5 LowRef Glossary 6 MidRef Glossary 7 MidRef2 Glossary 7 Measurement Reference Parameters and Methods B 56 Measurements automatic 3 74 annotations 3 74 databases as sources 3 75 independent characterization of 3 75 statist...

Page 348: ...ons where to find A 1 Optional accessories list 1 42 Options list 1 41 P Package shipping contents of 1 7 Page setup ink saver 3 134 Peripherals connection of 1 12 Persistence waveform database 3 159 Persistence infinite 3 67 variable 3 67 Phone number Tektronix xiii Pixel Glossary 7 PNG file format 3 136 Pop up menu Glossary 7 Position considerations for setting 3 6 horizontal 3 7 vertical 3 6 Po...

Page 349: ... B 8 Q QAPlus Win application 1 38 Quantizing Glossary 8 R Range vertical input 3 14 Readout display 2 7 Readouts 2 7 Readouts bar 2 7 Real time sampling Glossary 8 Recalling a setup 3 113 Recalling a waveform 3 120 Record acquisition shared by all channels 3 20 length defined 3 28 Record length Glossary 8 Reference levels methods for setting 3 79 Reference memory Glossary 8 Reference waveforms Gl...

Page 350: ...lication 1 3 Windows 1 3 SONET SDH standards supported 3 142 Sources trigger 3 42 Specifications conditions for meeting A 1 cooling A 7 data storage A 9 display A 7 environmental A 6 for instrument A 1 for sampling modules where to find A 1 mechanical A 10 ports A 8 power consumption A 7 signal acquisition A 1 time base A 2 trigger A 3 specifications A 1 Standard masks supported 3 142 Standard acc...

Page 351: ...l connection 3 4 Vertical acquisition window Glossary 9 control set up 3 9 overview 3 14 Vertical deskew Glossary 2 Vertical offset discussion of 3 14 illustrated 3 15 usage limitations 3 5 Vertical position illustrated 3 15 Vertical range what determines 3 14 Vertical scale and offset why use 3 4 Vertical set up purpose 3 4 View graticule 3 57 Main Mag 2 10 operations on selected 3 57 that magnif...

Page 352: ... record 3 28 definition applied to all channels 3 20 illustrated 3 29 Waveforms control operation vs selected 3 57 creating math 3 101 defining and displaying 3 56 histograms on 3 154 including comments with 3 120 live Glossary 6 mask testing 3 141 math Glossary 6 why use 3 102 measuring 3 73 operations on all views 3 58 operations on selected 3 56 purpose of mask testing 3 141 purpose of saving r...

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