II-1
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2: Theory and Sample Preparation
The CHDF 2000 determines the particle size distribution of samples suspended in aqueous solutions in the
range of 15 to 1100 nm in diameter. The size distribution is determined by the measurement of the
particle elution time in a series of capillary tubes.
The CHDF 2000 requires an IBM compatible computer, preferably equipped with a Pentium
processor
and Windows
‘9X or higher. The operating software gives graphical displays and a hard copy of the
cumulative weight, area, and number distributions, the relative weight, area and number distribution, the
weight, volume, and number average particle size, and the particle size distribution standard deviation.
The measurement time, from sample injection to final calculation, is under fifteen minutes.
2.1 SCOPE
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overall description of Capillary Hydrodynamic Fractionation.
The topics covered are:
1.
Scope
2.
Safety
3.
Intended Use
4.
Description and Specifications
5.
Theory
6.
Data Analysis
7.
Sample Preparation
8.
Eluant
2.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
2.2.1 Electrical
The pump and the detector in the CHDF 2000 use high voltage. Avoid contact with any high
voltage area. Un-plug the entire CHDF 2000 before performing service or maintenance. Do not store or
spill eluant or samples on the electrical modules. Be certain that all laboratory power receptacles are
properly grounded.
The CHDF 2000 uses ultraviolet radiation. Avoid eye contact with any ultraviolet source without
suitable eye shielding or protection. The UV source is fully contained within the CHDF 2000 casing.
2.2.2 Mechanical
The CHDF 2000 pumps a fluid through a set of capillaries at a relatively high pressure. The
compressibility of liquids is low, therefore a system component will probably leak before excessive
pressure causes other components to fracture. Always wear appropriate eye protection in the laboratory.
The actual fractionation capillaries are fully contained in a removable cartridge. The potential hazard from
a fracture or breakage in one of the capillaries is greatly reduced. Do not attempt to remove the capillaries
from the cartridge or tamper with the internal plumbing of the cartridge.
Do not attempt to perform service while the system is pressurized. Allow the system pressure to drop
below 1000 PSI before loosening any tubing fittings.
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