Hanna Instruments HI 904, Uick Start Manual, Page: 174 / 180

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TITRATION THEORY
By Mass
C titrant Titrant Concentration (N)
m standard Mass of Standard (g)
Ratio Equivalence ratio of titrant/standard (eq titrant/ mol standard)
FW standard Formula Weight of the Standard (g/mol)
V titrant Volume of Titrant (L)
By Volume
C titrant Concentration of titrant (N)
V standard Volume of Standard (mL)
C standard Concentration of standard (eq/L)
V titrant Volume of Titrant (L)
5.2.3 Blank Titration
In a blank titration a pre-titration is performed, often times on the solvent to be used for the
sample titration, and the titrant volume required to reach the endpoint is noted. This blank
value nullifies error due to titrant required to react with the components of the titration solution
matrix. The basic titration equation can be used for a blank titration, with the single modification
that the volume of titrant used in the blank titration should be subtracted from the regular
titration titrant volume.
C Sample Sample Concentration (g/100g)
C titrant Titrant Concentration (eq/L)
V sample Volume of Titrant required for the sample (L)
V blank Volume of Titrant required for the blank (L)
Ratio Equivalence ratio of analyte/ titrant (mol analyte/ eq titrant)
FW analyte Formula Weight of the Analyte (g/mol)
m sample Mass of sample (g)
5.2.4 Multiple End Point Titration
Some titrations have two or more endpoints, each corresponding to the equivalence point
for a specific reaction. Multiple endpoint titrations are similar to a blank titration in that the
volume of titrant required to reach the first endpoint is subtracted from the titrant volume
used to reach the next sequential endpoint.