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Aquaread Aquaprobe AP-7000, Instruction Manual

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Aquaread Aquaprobe AP-7000 Instruction Manual Download Page 45

Aquaprobe

®

 AP-7000 Instruction Manual

10401-00894  Rev M

13.9. Converting ORP Readings to the Hydrogen Scale

Electrochemical measurements are ultimately referred to the so-called hydrogen scale, the
convention for which is that the electrochemical potential of a hydrogen electrode in contact
with hydrogen gas at one atmosphere partial pressure and a solution containing hydrogen
ions at unit activity is zero at all temperatures. 

The ORP reference electrode used in Aquaread

®

 combination electrodes is a 3MPK1 silver

chloride type, and exhibits potentials on the hydrogen scale of:

Temperature

Potential

5

C

221 mV

10

C

217 mV

15

C

214 mV

20

C

210 mV

25

C

207 mV

30

C

203 mV

35

C

200 mV

40

C

196 mV

Thus, to refer an ORP potential value measured with the AP-7000 to the hydrogen scale,
the appropriate value above should be added to the measured value.

© 2017 Aquaread

®

 Ltd.

www.aquaread.com

Page 45 of 143

Summary of Contents for Aquaprobe AP-7000

Page 1: ...aprobe AP 7000 Multiparameter Water Quality Probe and associated Aquameter Utilities Accessories Aquameter firmware Version 6 20 and Above AP 7000 firmware Version 4 07 and Above Document No 10401 00894 Revision M Date March 27 2017 ...

Page 2: ...g this product is disposed of properly you will prevent possible adverse consequences for the environment which could be caused by inappropriate waste handling Note For return for recycling please contact Aquaread Ltd for instructions on how to return end of life equipment accessories and all auxiliary items for proper disposal WARNING Favourable indications made by this equipment do not guarantee...

Page 3: ... sensor calibration screen See Calibrating Temperature PC Software Both the AquaLink Version 5 00 and AquaCal Version 2 00 PC applications have been upgraded to take full advantage of all the new features listed above The latest versions can be downloaded free of charge from http www aquaread com downloads php Not Running the Latest Firmware All the new firmware featured in this manual can be retr...

Page 4: ...TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 18 6 5 GPS RECEPTION 19 7 DEPTH MEASUREMENT 20 7 1 TAKING DEPTH MEASUREMENTS 20 7 2 DIFFERENTIAL DEPTH MEASUREMENT 20 7 3 DEPTH CALIBRATION 20 8 MEMORY MODE 21 8 1 MANUALLY SAVING READINGS 21 8 2 RECALLING AND VIEWING SAVED READINGS 21 8 3 RECALLING GLP DATA 21 8 4 CLEARING THE MEMORY 22 8 5 AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING 22 8 6 BATTERY AND MEMORY DURATION IN LOW POWER LOGGING MOD...

Page 5: ... EC CONTACTS 52 14 12 CALIBRATING TEMPERATURE 53 15 OPTIONAL OPTICAL ELECTRODES CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE 54 15 1 TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL MEASUREMENTS USING OPTICAL ELECTRODES 55 15 2 OPTICAL ELECTRODE CALIBRATION SEQUENCE 55 15 3 FLUORESCENT ELECTRODE GRAB SAMPLE CORRECTION FACTOR 55 15 4 7000 TURB TURBIDITY ELECTRODE 56 15 4 1 About Turbidity 56 15 4 2 Precautions During Use 56 15 4 3 Negative...

Page 6: ...Lens and Sleeve Maintenance 79 15 9 7000 FSCEIN FLUORESCEIN ELECTRODE 80 15 9 1 Principle of Operation 80 15 9 2 Limitations of Use 80 15 9 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Electrode 80 15 9 4 Calibration Solution Preparation 80 15 9 5 Serial Dilution 81 15 9 6 Zero Point Calibration 81 15 9 7 Calibrating Point 2 83 15 9 8 Grab Sample Factor 83 15 9 9 Errors During Calibration 83 15 9 10 Lens and Sleeve M...

Page 7: ...n 107 16 6 4 Single point Calibration 107 16 6 5 Errors During Calibration 107 16 7 7000 CAL CALCIUM ELECTRODE 108 16 7 1 Calcium Calibration Solution Preparation 108 16 7 2 Three point Calibration 108 POINT 2 110 POINT 3 110 16 7 3 Two point Calibration 111 16 7 4 Single point Calibration 111 16 7 5 Errors During Calibration 111 16 8 7000 FLU FLUORIDE ELECTRODE 112 16 8 1 Fluoride Calibration Sol...

Page 8: ...AE IN THE WATER BUT MY SENSOR IS GIVING LOW READINGS WHY 133 24 4 WHAT IS THE RANGE AND RESOLUTION OF THE OPTICAL ELECTRODES 133 24 5 WHAT IS THE ACCURACY OF THE OPTICAL ELECTRODES 134 25 APPENDIX 4 ISE ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION 135 25 1 SPECIAL NOTES CONCERNING ISE ELECTRODES AND PH BUFFER SOLUTIONS 136 26 APPENDIX 7 TROUBLESHOOTING TURBIDITY 137 26 1 LENS AND SLEEVE MAINTENANCE 137 26 2 ...

Page 9: ...nt accidental dunking or loss a lanyard is supplied Please note that the socket on the Aquameter is only waterproof when the associated plug is fitted Without the plug fitted water can enter the socket Damage caused by water ingress through the socket is not covered by your warranty You may notice a small hole on the rear of the unit near the top This is a waterproof vent for the internal barometr...

Page 10: ...n physically constant during both calibration and measurement It is therefore essential that both the sleeve and sleeve end cap are fitted during calibration and operation of all types of optical electrodes If an optical electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to measure under another set of conditions the readings will naturally be erroneous especially at low concentrations ...

Page 11: ...ation of the electrodes This should be done every 4 6 weeks If the Probe is deployed in water that is polluted silt laden or heavily affected by algal growth maintenance visits should be much more frequent It is very important to keep the cleaning brushes in good condition The brushes should be replaced as soon as they show any signs of clogging or deterioration Likewise it is very important to ke...

Page 12: ...trodes the user should obtain grab samples during the course of the deployment for analysis in the laboratory by chemical means and use the results to apply post calibration to the recorded results During long term deployment the AP 7000 can be suspended by the Extension Cable but in order to provide a fail safe for the plug and socket always Ty wrap the Extension Cable to the bracket just above t...

Page 13: ...at lower temperatures 3 3 Battery Condition Icon On all the main Aquameter screens a battery condition icon is displayed in the top left corner The icon shows full when the batteries are fresh and gradually empties as the batteries are used When the batteries need replacing the empty battery icon will flash on and off If you ignore this the Meter will automatically switch itself off when the batte...

Page 14: ...hould be able to navigate around the entire menu system at speed using just the four arrow keys If at any time you leave the Meter in one of the sub menu screens it will automatically back out to the main operating screen after 15 seconds 4 1 Initial Switch On Language and Clock Setup To switch the meter on or off briefly press the red key Do not hold it down The meter contains a clock and is capa...

Page 15: ...the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar fully Once the AP 7000 has been connected to the Extension Cable the Aquameter can be connected Always ensure the Aquameter is switched off prior to connecting or disconnecting an AP 7000 Align the AQUAREAD logo on the plug body with the red on off switch on the Aquameter then press the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar ...

Page 16: ...tting and removal of the Cap easier If the AP 7000 is connected correctly the meter will read the Probe s serial number and model number then will automatically configure itself to display only those readings the current AP 7000 is capable of taking Initial Probe readings will be displayed on the meter s screen along with the current GPS status The initial data screen for the GPS Aquameter in conj...

Page 17: ...ters or Feet Items in the Units column marked with an asterisk can be selected as alternative units of measurement in the Settings Menu see section 9 Items in the Units column marked with a dagger are auto ranging i e when the values become too large to display the units of measurement automatically re scale The EC field can be replaced by its reciprocal value RES Resistivity if selected in the Se...

Page 18: ...tails During calibration of the DO electrode variations due to temperature and air pressure are automatically compensated for During the measurement of DO temperature air pressure and salinity are automatically compensated for During calibration of the ORP electrode the variation in the calibration buffer solution due to temperature is automatically corrected for During measurement of ORP however ...

Page 19: ...screens As soon as three satellites are acquired two dimensional position no altitude will be calculated and the message GPS 2D POS will be shown on the bottom line of the screens Once a fourth satellite is acquired altitude will be calculated and GPS 3D POS will be shown on the bottom line of the screens With a good view of the sky position should be calculated within ninety seconds of switch on ...

Page 20: ...e reading zero BARO 1013mb DEPTH 00 00m Hit OK to zero GPS 3D Pos If the depth is not reading zero this is possible if the probe is wet and a low EC reading is registering press the OK key You will be asked to confirm by pressing OK again Slowly lower the probe into the water As soon as the depth value starts to register you can lower the probe more quickly 7 2 Differential Depth Measurement If yo...

Page 21: ...arrow keys To see earlier readings press the up arrow key Just before each set of readings is displayed the Tag will be briefly displayed To view all the parameters within one set of readings use the left right arrow keys as described earlier To exit Memory Recall mode press the ESC key If no key is pressed for 30 seconds Memory Recall mode will be automatically cancelled 8 3 Recalling GLP Data Ea...

Page 22: ... will be displayed asking you to confirm your request Press OK to clear the memory or ESC to cancel and return to normal operation 8 5 Automatic Data Logging If you want to save readings on a regular basis in order say to check water quality at a certain location over a period of time you can set the Meter to record readings automatically Readings can be logged for short periods with the Meter per...

Page 23: ...back off again This will be repeated until either the memory is full or the batteries go flat If you press any key while the Meter is off between readings in low power mode the Meter will switch back on If no further key is pressed the Meter will switch back off again after 30 seconds and resume Low Power Mode You can cancel Auto Data Logging at any time by going back into the screen above and set...

Page 24: ...ta is decompressed then processed for display The advantage of this is that the readings will always appear in the current Meter configuration For example if you spent a day taking readings with the Meter set to read EC corrected to 25 C then when you got back you really want to see EC corrected to 20 C or even raw EC you can do this by simply changing the Meter settings see section 9 Setting Unit...

Page 25: ... if you want to adjust Electrical Conductivity or TDS Choose line 2 if you want to adjust Temperature pH or Salinity Finally line 3 will give access to Barometric Pressure Altitude and Depth settings Moving the cursor right onto the first line will display the following screen Units EC Ref 25 C TDS Fact 0 65 The first option on this screen allows you to choose how the Meter displays Electrical Con...

Page 26: ...splaying Barometric pressure in millibars mb or in mm of mercury mmHg The second line allows you to choose between displaying altitude and depth in metres M or feet F Whatever units ALT is set to DEPTH will follow Altitude is displayed with respect to mean sea level Depth is displayed with respect to the depth zero datum which can be the water surface or any point at which the depth has been zeroe...

Page 27: ...000 BGA PC Phycocyanin Blue Green Algae PC BGA PC 7000 BGA PE Phycoerythrin Blue Green Algae PE BGA PE 7000 RHOD Rhodamine WT Dye Rhod 7000 FSCEIN Fluorescein Dye Fcein 7000 REFOIL Refined Oil OIL 7000 CDOM CDOM FDOM CDOM AP 5000 7000 ISE Electrodes Electrode Part No Function Aquameter Selection 5000 7000 AMM Ammonium Ammonia NH4 5000 7000 CHL Chloride Cl 5000 7000 FLU Fluoride F 5000 7000 NIT Nit...

Page 28: ...probe is designed to be calibrated in these cups with the Probe Sleeve Sleeve End Cap and Wiper fitted The Probe sleeve end cap and wiper form an integral working part of the Probe s optical and EC measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation 10 2 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffe...

Page 29: ...e any air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrodes To do this press the MENU key and select CLEAN PROBE If you have ISE caps fitted agitate the Probe to eliminate air Do not activate the cleaning mechanism as the brush will jam against the ISE caps 4 Wait until all readings are completely stable The longer you can leave the probe to achieve thermal equilibrium before proceeding the better A ...

Page 30: ... Moisten a clean cloth or piece of tissue paper with fresh water and wrap it around the end of the probe ensuring all the holes are covered Place the probe on a flat surface Do not hold the probe the heat from your hands will warm the probe up and interfere with calibration 3 Wait until the temperature and DO measurements are completely stable This is very important If the DO measurement is 100 1 ...

Page 31: ...meter off calibrate the upper point If the REPLACE DO CAP error occurs during Optical DO Zero calibration this usually indicates that the DO Cap needs replacing Perform a full DO calibration first at DO Zero then at 100 DO If that does not cure the problem replace the DO Cap see Replacing the Optical DO Cap in section 14 If the corrective actions shown above for READINGS UNSTABLE or OUT OF CAL RAN...

Page 32: ... that says CAL RESTORED Once factory calibration defaults have been restored you must carry out a full calibration of the electrode in question 10 6 Calibration Reports At the conclusion of each successful individual electrode calibration a single line Calibration Report is displayed This report contains the raw output of the electrode under calibration uncorrected for temperature These values can...

Page 33: ...libration was January 31st for the pH 7 00 point February 7th for the pH 4 01 pH 10 points and February 9th for ORP If the date field is dashed this means the electrode is either not fitted or has never been calibrated Pushing the left or right arrow keys will toggle this screen with the calibration report screen PH7 Offset 01 2mV PH4 Slope 56 8mV pH PH10 Slope 56 3mV pH ORP Offset 02 6mV The cali...

Page 34: ...of the Sleeve and the Sleeve End Cap with fresh clean water Shake the water from inside the Sleeve then reattach Dry the outside of the Probe using a soft cloth Remember to replace the pH ORP storage cap after use Failure to do so will damage the electrode For more details see Keeping the Electrodes Moist in section 13 Never clean the Probe with solvents alcohol or concentrated acid alkaline based...

Page 35: ...libration Setup Install When activated the centrally mounted wiper will rotate to each occupied electrode position and carry out a brief scrubbing action before returning the its park position If there is not enough power available from the meter or if the meter probe cable is excessively long which causes a voltage drop a Wiper Jammed message will be displayed This message will also be displayed ...

Page 36: ...tion Manual 10401 00894 Rev M Next slide the wiper off the central shaft Next slide the top brush carrier out of the wiper Next slide the top brush out of the top brush carrier 2017 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 36 of 143 ...

Page 37: ... sliding the wiper back onto the central shaft rub a small amount of silicone grease onto the shaft When sliding the wiper back onto the shaft ensure the hole in the top brush carrier is in alignment with the central hole in the wiper Ensure that the torque arm see below is aligned with the corresponding receiving hole in the end of the wiper Finally ensure the spring clip is correctly and securel...

Page 38: ... growth maintenance visits should be much more frequent It is very important to keep the cleaning brushes in good condition The brushes should be replaced as soon as they show any signs of clogging or deterioration Likewise it is very important to keep the inside of the Probe Sleeve and End Cap clean and free from any build up of algae or silt The Probe Sleeve and End Cap form an integral part of ...

Page 39: ...age cap makes a very useful belt wrench for tightening and loosening the pH ORP and AUX electrodes Slide the lanyard over the electrode and use it to grip the knurled body Never immerse an AP 7000 with the pH ORP electrode removed This will cause serious damage to the electrode socket This is not covered by your warranty 13 3 Keeping the Electrodes Moist It is very important that the pH ORP electr...

Page 40: ...s during pH calibration in order to protect the ISE electrodes from the effects of the buffer solution At all other times the ISE electrodes should be left uncovered 13 4 2 Calibrating the First Point pH 7 00 Due to the way in which pH calibration works the Probe must be calibrated at pH7 00 before calibrating at pH 4 01 or pH 10 00 Never calibrate at pH 4 01 or pH 10 00 before first calibrating a...

Page 41: ...t will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 1 2mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The top line displays the voltage offset from zero for the pH electrode in millivolts ...

Page 42: ...e outer sleeve with a soft cloth 13 4 4 Calibrating the Third Point Without switching the Aquameter off or disconnecting the Probe pour 400mL of fresh pH 4 01 or pH 10 00 solution into a clean calibration cup drop the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above but at step 8 select either pH4 01 or pH10 0 dependent upon the solution you are using Wait while the Meter stabilises and ca...

Page 43: ...d be calibrated at least once a month to ensure optimum accuracy Full calibration involves calibrating at a single point either 250mV at 25 C using a 250mV ORP calibration standard such as Reagecon RS250 Redox Standard or 229mV at 25 C using a 229mV ORP calibration standard such as Zobell Solution For best results calibrate as close to 25 C as possible The probe will automatically compensate for t...

Page 44: ...ed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 5 5mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage offset between the ORP electrode output and the value of the calibration solution at the calibration temperature in millivolts mV During normal operation this of...

Page 45: ...a solution containing hydrogen ions at unit activity is zero at all temperatures The ORP reference electrode used in Aquaread combination electrodes is a 3MPK1 silver chloride type and exhibits potentials on the hydrogen scale of Temperature Potential 5 C 221 mV 10 C 217 mV 15 C 214 mV 20 C 210 mV 25 C 207 mV 30 C 203 mV 35 C 200 mV 40 C 196 mV Thus to refer an ORP potential value measured with th...

Page 46: ... the DO EC Electrode Calibration of the EC section of the electrode is normally carried out during RapidCal see RapidCal Calibration Method EC can be calibrated separately using different EC Calibration Standards this is covered after the DO calibration section Calibrating EC The DO section of the electrode should be calibrated at the Zero saturation point at least once a month Before each day s u...

Page 47: ...command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 4 4 Calibrating 100 Press OK The top line will display a value which represents the health of the luminophore This value should be between 3 5 an...

Page 48: ...bration record book for the probe If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 14 7 Replacing the Optical DO Cap The Optical DO Cap contains a lens which is coated with an oxygen sensitive luminophore which is in turn coated with a black rubber compound that provides optical isolation but is p...

Page 49: ...e DO EC electrode Ensure that the cap is screwed fully onto the electrode and that it is done up tight 5 Carry out both Zero point and 100 point DO calibration as described earlier Please Note It is essential when replacing the Optical DO Cap to calibrate the Zero point BEFORE calibrating the 100 point 2017 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 49 of 143 ...

Page 50: ...EC measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation If you try to calibrate the Probe without the wiper fitted you will get erroneous results For best results calibrate as close to 25ºC as possible The probe will compensate for temperature variation in the Calibration Standard during calibration 1 Pour 400mL of calibration solution into one of the cali...

Page 51: ...e EC value on this line should be R CAL If the value of the EC Calibration Standard you are using is not displayed press the right arrow key The bottom line will change to Calibration DO Zero 01 Jan 17 DO 100 01 Jan 17 EC R CAL 01 Jan 17 You can now use the up and down arrow keys to select one of two pre set EC Calibration Standard values R CAL or SC 35 or to input any calibration standard value b...

Page 52: ...ottle shake it off then reinsert 2 Press the ESC key repeatedly to get back to the Main Menu 3 Go into settings and make sure EC is set to read with reference to 25ºC If it s not set it that way See section 9 1 Setting Units of Measurement 4 Go back to the main screen wait until the temperature and EC readings are stable then check that the EC is reading 1 of the Calibration Standard value 5 If th...

Page 53: ...ading has been completely stable for at least five minutes Make a note of the temperature displayed on the Aquameter and compare this to the actual temperature of the water bath as displayed by the calibrated thermometer Now select the Calibration screen on the Aquameter Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal When this screen is being displayed press the up arrow key eight times in quick succession ...

Page 54: ...ason the AP 7000 is constructed with a matt black aluminium sleeve and end cap that enclose the sensing electrodes and provide a closed constant condition non reflective measurement chamber In order to obtain consistent results the measurement chamber created within the Aquaprobe must remain physically constant during both calibration and measurement It is therefore essential that both the sleeve ...

Page 55: ...wo or three point calibration dependent upon the type In all cases however the lower calibration points is ZERO When calibrating any optical electrode the Zero point must be calibrated first If you are performing a two or three point calibration all calibration points must be calibrated within the same calibration session i e without turning the Aquameter off or disconnecting the Aquaprobe If you ...

Page 56: ...effects result in wide variability in the distribution and intensity of light scattering from a turbid water sample As a result different combinations of particle shape size colour and refractive index can produce similar turbidity effects By contrast changing only the incident light wavelength and detector distance can dramatically change the measured turbidity of a given sample As a result diffe...

Page 57: ...ht beam This level of aeration will register the equivalent of around 5NTU as each bubble is seen as a solid particle If your zero calibration water is aerated allow it to stand for a while until the air has all dispersed then re insert the Probe and re calibrate Do not leave the Probe sitting in aerated water the bubbles will simply cling to the inside surface of the Probe and make the problem wo...

Page 58: ...air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrodes 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECT...

Page 59: ...en allow the reading to settle Check the turbidity reading is within 1NTU of zero If not re calibrate the zero point 15 4 8 Calibrating the Turbidity 20 NTU 1000 NTU Points When calibrating the 20 NTU and 1000 NTU points the Zero point must be calibrated first within the same calibration session i e without turning the Aquameter off Remove the Probe from the zero calibration bottle rinse thoroughl...

Page 60: ...a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 15 4 11 References The summary on turbidity at the beginning of this section is based on information from the following sources National Field Manual For the Collection of Water Qu...

Page 61: ...ences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not id...

Page 62: ...ription Rhodamine WT Liquid Supplier Keystone Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 5 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 100μg L is recommended to be done as a two step ...

Page 63: ...perature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 BGA PC l 4 EMPTY 2 EMPTY l 5 EMPTY 3 EMPTY l 6 EMPTY The BGA...

Page 64: ... then gently lower the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV Press the OK key to continue The ...

Page 65: ...been applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of algae 15 5 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 5 10 Lens and Sl...

Page 66: ...ferences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not...

Page 67: ...Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 6 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 8μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L stoc...

Page 68: ...ses 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 BGA PE l 4 EMPTY 2 EMPTY l 5 EMPTY 3 EMP...

Page 69: ...ean calibration cup then gently lower the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV Press the OK k...

Page 70: ...been applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of algae 15 6 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 6 10 Lens and Sl...

Page 71: ...escent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not ideal for quantitati...

Page 72: ...pe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 15 7 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 500μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g L...

Page 73: ...enses 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 Cphl l 4 EMPTY 2 EMPTY l 5 EMPTY 3 EMP...

Page 74: ...a clean calibration cup then gently lower the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in millivolts mV Press the ...

Page 75: ...n applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of chlorophyll 15 7 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 15 7 10 Lens and...

Page 76: ...ponse caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Rhodamine is automatically compensated for by the electrode 15 8 3 Calibrating the RHOD Electrode The RHOD electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results When a RHOD electrode is first installed it ...

Page 77: ...Put a lid on the 1L flask and invert 10 times This step results in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 100μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the RHOD sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 15 8 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate ...

Page 78: ...the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the fol...

Page 79: ...ode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected The GS Factor should be left at 1 00 for the Rhodamine electrode 15 8 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 fo...

Page 80: ...sed by temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Fluorescein is automatically compensated for by the electrode 15 9 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Electrode The FSCEIN electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and re...

Page 81: ...tep results in a 1 in 50 dilution and gives you the 100μg L FSCEIN calibration standard required for Pt 2 The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 15 9 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Pour 400mL of clean water bottled still mineral water is recommended into a clean calibra...

Page 82: ...f the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the f...

Page 83: ...electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected The GS Factor should be left at 1 00 for the Fluorescein electrode 15 9 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in secti...

Page 84: ...posure to UV light when the Electrode is in operational Precautions must be taken to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 15 10 2 Limitations of Use Determination of refined o...

Page 85: ...sults It is important to calibrate this electrode as close to operational temperature as possible When a REFOIL electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at both points in order to set the electrode s relative sensitivity and establish its slope Subsequently zero point calibration should be carried out before each use and full two point calibration should be carried out every few months 1...

Page 86: ...o a specific type of refined oil it is necessary to prepare a 10ppm solution of the target oil type and use that to calibrate the electrode in place of the naphthalene solution Alternatively apply a suitable Grab Sample Factor to correct the naphthalene readings for the target oil type 15 10 7 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Pour 400mL of clean water bottled...

Page 87: ...wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displ...

Page 88: ...the electrode s calibration screen To calculate a GS Factor first take measurements using the fully calibrated electrode Next compare the average of these values with the average values derived by laboratory analysis of grab samples from the same location To do this divide the average grab sample value by the average electrode value This will give you a GS Factor For example your calibrated electr...

Page 89: ...luorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth and non abrasive detergent Always re calibrate the zero point after cleaning the sleeve or lenses 2017 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 89 of 143 ...

Page 90: ...to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 15 11 2 Limitations of Use Determination of CDOM in the field using fluorescence measurement techniques will never be as accurate as me...

Page 91: ...M values Results are therefore expressed in relative units based on calibration to a standard fluorescing compound usually quinine In order to calibrate the CDOM electrode a 100ppb solution of Quinine Sulphate in sulphuric acid can be used However since Quinine Sulphate is extremely expensive and sulphuric acid is dangerous to handle Aquaread Ltd has formulated an equivalent non toxic standard for...

Page 92: ...hange to CALIBRATE CDOM ZERO 01 Jan 17 Pt 2 01 Jan 17 GS Factor 01 00 Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the...

Page 93: ...actor The Grab Sample Factor GS Factor is a value that is used as a multiplier to correct the readings made by a fluorescent electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected If grab sample data is available for the location in which you plan to take measurements you ...

Page 94: ...or error message handling 15 11 9 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non ref...

Page 95: ...be stirred at all times 16 2 Calibration Points All ISE electrodes have three calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results Prior to initial calibration all ISE Electrodes should be soaked in their relevant Point 1 calibration solution for 20 30 minutes When an ISE electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at three points in order t...

Page 96: ...ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 50mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 450mL of deionised water Dispense 400mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 100mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 800mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 80mL of the 100ppm solution you have just prepared with 720mL of deionised w...

Page 97: ...idCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 NH4 l 5 EMPTY 3 EMPTY l 6 EMPTY The Ammonium NH4 electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it was fitted Move the pointer to NH4 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The scre...

Page 98: ...han this calibration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the c...

Page 99: ...ature within 1ºC If the temperature of the two solutions differ by more than 1ºC an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 7000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To cali...

Page 100: ... and safety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 500mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 50mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 450mL of deionised water Dispense 400mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 100mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 800mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 80mL of the 100...

Page 101: ...ss the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 NO3 l 5 EMPTY 3 EMPTY l 6 EMPTY The Nitrate NO3 electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it...

Page 102: ...alibration point If the solution is warmer or cooler than this calibration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibrat...

Page 103: ...must be the same temperature within 1ºC If the temperature of the two solutions differ by more than 1ºC an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 7000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re start...

Page 104: ...ety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 500mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 50mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 450mL of deionised water Dispense 400mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 100mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 800mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 80mL of the 100ppm solu...

Page 105: ...ess the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 Cl l 5 EMPTY 3 EMPTY l 6 EMPTY The Chloride Cl electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it...

Page 106: ...solution is within 1ºC of the previous 10ppm calibration point If the solution is warmer or cooler than this calibration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress co...

Page 107: ...emperature between 5ºC and 30ºC but they both must be the same temperature within 1ºC If the temperature of the two solutions differ by more than 1ºC an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 7000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibratio...

Page 108: ...advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 500mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 50mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 450mL of deionised water Dispense 400mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration cup and retain 100mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 800mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 80mL of the 100ppm solution...

Page 109: ...ss the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 EMPTY 2 Ca2 l 5 EMPTY 3 EMPTY l 6 EMPTY The Calcium Ca2 electrode should have been assigned to an AUX socket when it...

Page 110: ...solution is within 1ºC of the previous 10ppm calibration point If the solution is warmer or cooler than this calibration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress co...

Page 111: ...emperature between 5ºC and 30ºC but they both must be the same temperature within 1ºC If the temperature of the two solutions differ by more than 1ºC an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 7000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibratio...

Page 112: ...o read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 5ppm solution 500mL of 5ppm solution is required To prepare this first make an intermediate dilution of 50ppm To do this mix 6mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 114mL of deionised water This will produce 120mL of 50ppm solution Next mix 50mL of the 50ppm solution with 450mL of deionised water This will produce 500mL of 5ppm sol...

Page 113: ... on and stir the probe until the temperature and F readings are completely stable A minimum of five minutes is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux ...

Page 114: ... is recommended 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is within 1ºC of the previous 0 5ppm calibration point If the solution is warmer or cooler than this calibration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Ca...

Page 115: ...emperature between 5ºC and 30ºC but they both must be the same temperature within 1ºC If the temperature of the two solutions differ by more than 1ºC an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 7000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibratio...

Page 116: ...are the Aquameter driver and a USB Serial Port driver 17 3 Driver Installation Connect the Aquameter to your PC using the USB cable provided The Found New Hardware wizard on your PC should activate automatically Different versions of Windows react to plugging USB devices in differently Earlier versions will give you the option to locate and install driver software If this happens direct Windows to...

Page 117: ...loaded Data column on the left of the screen To view any of the logged data records simply click on the desired Tag date and time label as shown above The data for the highlighted label will be displayed in the individual data boxes which are grouped by electrode function Any data that is unavailable or out of range will be displayed as dashes To move up and down the Tag date time column use eithe...

Page 118: ...seful Tip Once you have saved the logged data it is a good idea to clear the Aquameter s memory so next time you log data you don t get both your old data and new data uploaded to your PC See Clearing the Memory in section 8 17 9 Retrieving Logged Data Once a Raw Data file has been saved using the above technique it can be easily retrieved by clicking on the Open Raw Data button When a raw data fi...

Page 119: ...ock of individual readings laid out in chronological order follows this page This report can be imported into any text editor or word processor package Useful Tip Of the two text editors supplied with Windows Microsoft WordPad is the preferred text editor for viewing AquaLink Text Reports as this handles text file formatting better than Microsoft Notepad A typical report cover page follows 2017 Aq...

Page 120: ...mp 17 9C Tag 0254 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 07 14 01 Baro 1005mb Tag 0838 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 46 00 Turb 04 1 NTU Tag 0830 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 06 00 pH 7 55 Tag 0003 Date 24 Jul 2009 Time 10 19 01 pHmV 40 8mV Tag 0556 Date 26 Jul 2009 Time 08 24 00 ORP 354 4mV Tag 0820 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 08 16 00 DO 30 1 Sat Tag 0427 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 21 39 00 EC 782uS cm Tag 0149 Date 24 Jul 2009 Tim...

Page 121: ...s proprietary Keyhole Markup Language with a kml extension and can be directly imported into Google Earth where the data is overlaid on satellite images 17 15 Importing Files into Google Earth To view your files in Google Earth you will need to log on to the Google website and install the Google Earth application on your computer This is free of charge at present Once you have downloaded Google Ea...

Page 122: ...ogle Earth is a great way to spot potential sources of pollution If one of the readings you have taken shows an abnormality the chances are that you will be able to spot the possible source of the problem a riverside factory for example directly on the satellite photo 2017 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 122 of 143 ...

Page 123: ...s Authorisation number by our Service Department You should then return the equipment thoroughly cleaned properly packaged carriage paid to the address you are given If the equipment is within warranty any necessary repairs will be carried out and your equipment will be returned free of charge If the repair is not covered by the warranty you will be given an estimate for the costs of repair and re...

Page 124: ..._________________________________ Country ______________________________________ Phone ________________________________________ email __________________________________________ Product ______________________________________ Serial No ______________________________________ Contaminant if known ___________________________________________________________________________ Decontamination Procedure ____...

Page 125: ...be properly installed Reinstall the USB drivers carefully following the instructions There may be a problem with the USB socket on the PC try an alternative socket The USB CONNECTED message does not appear on the Aquameter when it is connected to a PC The batteries in the Aquameter may be dead or incorrectly fitted Check you have fresh batteries fitted and that they are inserted the correct way ro...

Page 126: ...rate The EC electrode may be dirty Clean the EC electrode then recalibrate Turbidity readings are inaccurate or unstable Have you got the Probe Sleeve and end cap fitted Turbidity will not work without the Probe Sleeve and end cap fitted Trapped air bubbles may be causing interference Tap and swish the Aquaprobe to dislodge them The sample being measured may contain air bubbles Under these conditi...

Page 127: ...m and the high speed electronics required to obtain good accuracy are extremely complex Calling on many years experience designing military Night Vision Goggle NVG compatible optics Aquaread engineers have produced an amazingly small and elegant solution Housed in a resin filled marine grade aluminium body that measures just 8mm 0 3 diameter by 13mm 0 5 long the fully waterproof AquaPlus Sensor Mo...

Page 128: ...eading can be taken the less time the luminophore needs to be excited and the longer it will last The high speed circuitry within the AquaPlus module requires just eleven milliseconds to take a reading This incredibly fast reading time increases the useful life of the luminophore considerably Another technique used to prolong the life of the luminophore in the AquaPlus module is variable excitatio...

Page 129: ... as a belt wrench as shown below Apply a small amount of silicone grease supplied with the AP 7000 to the threaded section and the O ring of the AUX Electrode see photograph ENSURE NO GREASE IS APPLIED TO THE GOLD CONTACTS Using a clean cloth or tissue paper polish the gold contacts ensuring they are completely clean Carefully insert the electrode into the AUX socket and tighten firmly until the O...

Page 130: ... BGA PC 7000 BGA PE Phycoerythrin Blue Green Algae PE BGA PE 7000 RHOD Rhodamine WT Dye Rhod 7000 FSCEIN Fluorescein Dye Fcein 7000 REFOIL Refined Oil R OIL 7000 CDOM CDOM FDOM CDOM AP 5000 7000 ISE Electrodes Electrode Part No Function Aquameter Selection 5000 7000 AMM Ammonium Ammonia NH4 5000 7000 CHL Chloride Cl 5000 7000 FLU Fluoride F 5000 7000 NIT Nitrate NO3 5000 7000 CAL Calcium Ca2 When ...

Page 131: ...nge 5 C 50 C 23 F 122 F Temperature Resolution 0 01 C F Accuracy 0 1 C Readings calculated from EC and temperature electrode values Aquaread Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 The accuracy figures quoted throughout this document represent the equipment s capability at the calibration points at 25 C These figures do not take into account errors introduced by vari...

Page 132: ...fined Oil Electrode operates on a 15 second on 15 second off duty cycle 24 2 How does the Refined Oil sensor work The Refined Oil sensor detects volatile organic compounds VOCs that are found in petroleum derivatives These include benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes BTEX The sensor is a fixed frequency in situ fluorometer that uses deep UV wavelengths 285nm to excite the VOCs An emission filt...

Page 133: ...een Algae MLD 1 200 cells mL Phycoerythrin Range 0 200 000 cells mL BGA PE Resolution 1 cell mL Marine Blue Repeatability 10 of reading Green Algae MLD 1 400 cells mL Range 0 500 µg L ppb Rhodamine Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 µg L 100 0 500 0 µg L WT Dye Repeatability 5 of reading MLD 1 0 1 µg L MLR 2 5 µg L Range 0 500 µg L ppb Fluorescein Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 µ...

Page 134: ...substance in reasonable concentrations and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not ideal for quantitative measurement and it is therefore impossible to specify an absolute accuracy In order to obtain accurate results data obtained with a fluorescent electrode in the field must b...

Page 135: ...Ions 2 Magnesium Barium Lead Zinc and Sodium pH Range 3 4 9 Ammonia readings are calculated from Ammonium pH and temperature electrode values Aquaread Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 MLD Minimmum Level of Detection is the minimum value the electrode is physically capable of measuring 2 Each ion selective electrode is prone to interference from ions that are s...

Page 136: ...electrode the ions in the immediate area of the electrode will be depleted and the reading will start to fall This also applies during calibration where the probe should be stirred at all times 25 1 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes and pH Buffer Solutions The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffers including RapidCal can cause significant offsets in ISE electrodes These...

Page 137: ... chamber is shown here In order to obtain consistent results the measurement chamber created within the Aquaprobe must remain physically constant during both calibration and measurement If the turbidity electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to measure under another set of conditions the readings will naturally be erroneous especially at low concentrations A perfect example ...

Page 138: ...e model of sensor and maintain a strict QA and calibration program to accurately characterise compare and interpret observed turbidity values 26 3 Precautions During Use In common with all other submersion type Turbidity Probes air bubbles and stray reflections can be a problem when trying to measure low turbidity values In order to avoid air bubbles keep the Turbidity electrode clean and agitate ...

Page 139: ...rsed then re insert the Probe and re calibrate Do not leave the Probe sitting in aerated water the bubbles will simply cling to the inside surface of the Probe and make the problem worse 26 6 Reflection Although all Aquaprobes are provided with a sleeve and End Cap specifically designed to maintain a constant measurement chamber water must be allowed to flow freely over the sensing electrodes to e...

Page 140: ... situation is rare but can occur if the sensor is sitting on or near the bottom in shallow water in direct sunlight where the sunlight can be reflected back into the Probe by light coloured sand or pebbles Sensor saturation can result in negative turbidity readings as the magnitude of the measurement light pulses are clipped or reduced by the upper limit of the sensor If this occurs either lift th...

Page 141: ...ncey W Anderson USGS 2004 Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook Randy D Down and Jay H Lehr Chapter 24 Turbidity Monitoring John Downing John Wiley Sons Inc 2005 Turbidity Science Michael J Sadar Hach Company 1998 Guidelines and Standard Procedures for continuous Water Quality Monitors Site Selection Field Operation Calibration Record Computation and Reporting Richard J Wagner et al ...

Page 142: ...ap removed Remove the sleeve from the AP 7000 and grease the threaded section and O ring Screw the AP 7000 into the Flowcell Do not over tighten Hand tight is fine 27 4 Zeroing Optical Electrodes If you have any optical electrodes fitted to the AP 7000 prior to inserting the Probe into the Flowcell block the inlet bottom spigot and fill the Flowcell with clean still mineral water Now insert the AP...

Page 143: ...components 27 8 Flowcell Troubleshooting Problem Cause Remedy DO readings are abnormally high or are fluctuating wildly Aeration of sample water Check all joints for air leaks Reduce flow rate to avoid cavitation Turbidity or other optical electrode readings are abnormally high or are fluctuating wildly Air bubbles adhering to the Turbidity Electrode lenses Agitate Flowcell to dislodge Aeration of...

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