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4.4.2 DIESEL FUEL STANDARDS
The diesel fuel needs to conform to the following standards.
The following table shows a part of diesel fuel standards of various countries of the world.
Diesel fuel standards Region
JIS K2204 No.2 light oil Japan
No.2-D, No.1-D, ASTM D975-94 USA
EN590: 96 EU (European Union)
ISO 8217 DMX International standard
BS 2869-A1 (or A2) UK
KSM-2610 South Korea
GB252 China
[Other technical fuel standards]
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The cetane number of fuel must be “45” or higher.
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The sulfur content must be less than “0.5%” of the total volume. However, the recommended value is less than
“0.05%”.
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For biodiesel fuel, refer to “4.4.3 BIODIESEL FUEL”.
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Do not mix kersene, used engine oil or excess fuel with diesel fuel.
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Moisture and deposit in fuel must be less than “0.05%” of the total volume.
• Always clean the fuel tank and equipment which handles fuel.
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Poor quality fuel decreases engine performance. In addition, it causes damage to the engine.
•
Refrain from using a fuel additive. A part of fuel additives causes a decrease in engine performance.
• The ash content must be less than “0.01%” of the total volume.
•
The residual carbon content must be less than “0.35%” of the total volume. However, the recommended value is
less than “0.1%”.
• The aromatic content must be less than “35%” of the total volume. However, the recommended value is less than
“30%”.
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PAH (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon) must be less than “10%” of the total volume.
• The metal content (sodium, magnesium, silicon, aluminium) must be “1 mass ppm” or less.
(JPI-5S-44-95test analysis method)
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Lubricity A wear scar of WS1.4 in the HFRR test must be up to “460 μ m” at the maximum.
4.4.3 BIODIESEL FUEL
In various countries of the world including Europe and the U.S., fuel resources made from non-mineral oil such as
RME (rapeseed methyl ester) and SOME (soybean methyl ester) are used as an extending agent of diesel fuel made
from mineral oil.
RME and SOME are generically called FAME (fatty acid methyl ester).
In Yanmar engines, the use of biodiesel fuel, which has a mixing ratio of approved diesel fuel made from mineral oil:
FAME = “95%” of the total volume: Less than “5%” of the total volume, is approved.
Thus, biodiesel fuel containing “5%” of FAME is called “B5 diesel fuel” in the market.
“B5 diesel fuel” needs to satisfy certain criteria.
1. Biofuel needs to satisfy the minimum criteria in a country where biofuel is used.
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In Europe, diesel fuel needs to conform to the European standards EN14214.
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In the U.S., diesel fuel needs to conform to the U.S. standards ASTEM D6751.
2. Be sure to purchase biofuel from an authorized diesel fuel dealer.