TS, TR, TX engines workshop manual
92
11. Conversion Factors
11.1 Formulae
BMEP
Bar =
kW x 60000 x 20000
Cylinders x r/min x bore area (mm
2
) x stroke (mm)
lbf/in
2
=
bhp x 792000
Cylinders x r/min x bore area (in
2
) x stroke (in)
Torque
Nm =
kW x 9549 x load factor
r/min
lbf ft =
bhp x 5252 x load factor
r/min
Load factor:
No overload = 1,0
10% overload = 1,1
Fuel Consumption
A Specific Gravity of 0.84 is assumed
l/h =
g/kWh x kW x load factor
840
pt/h =
lb/bhp h x bhp x load factor
1.05
Load Factor - Naturally aspirated engines
100% = 1.0
50% = 0.58
75% = 0.78
25% = 0.40
Load Factor - Turbocharged engines
100% = 1.0
50% = 0.55
75% = 0.76
5% = 0.38
Oil Consumption
A Specific Gravity of 0.886 is assumed
litres/24hours =
g/kWh x kW
4922
pints/24hours =
lb/bhp h x bhp
0.15
Piston Speed
metres/second =
stroke (mm) x r/min
30000
feet/minute =
stroke (in) x r/min
6
Mechanical Efficiency
% =
bhp x 100
ihp
Cyclic Irregularity
max flywheel speed - min flywheel speed
mean flywheel speed
Power
kW =
r/min x torque(Nm)
9549
bhp =
r/min x torque (lb ft)
5252
Temperature
The temperature unit in most practical use in any countries is
the degree Celsius (°C), however the terms Centigrade (°C) and
Fahrenheit (°F) are still in use. The Fahrenheit scale is not formally
defined but it is generally recognized that the temperature
difference of 1°F is equal to five ninths of the temperature
difference of one degree °C.
1°F = 9/5 °C + 32
1°C = 5/9 (°F - 32)
The refinements of temperature scales are abstruse, but for
most practical purposes the following relationships apply. For
the same temperature, if t and Ø represent the temperature on
the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales, similarly rand T the Rankine
(absolute Fahrenheit °R) and Kelyin (absolute Celsius K)
temperatures, respectively, then
Ø = 5/9 - (t - 32)
T = 5/9 (t + 459.67)
r = t + 459.67
The temperature at the triple point of water, (where water, ice
and water vapour are in equilibrium) is very slightly removed
from the temperature of the melting point of ice at atmospheric
pressure (the ice point).
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