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Air Valve Vacuum (AVV):

The vacuum signal tak-

en from below the air valve assembly and above
the throttle butterfly valve.

ADP:

Adaptive Digital Processor.

Air/Fuel Ratio:

The amount or balance of air and

fuel in the air fuel mixture that enters the engine.

Analog Voltmeter:

A meter that uses a mechani-

cal needle to point to a value on a scale of
numbers. It is usually of the low impedance type
and used to measure voltage and resistance.

Aromatics:

Pertaining to or containing the six-

carbon ring characteristic of the benzene series.
Found in many petroleum distillates.

Back

ﬁre:

Combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the

intake or exhaust manifolds. A backfire can occur
if the intake or exhaust

valves are open when

there is a mis-timed ignition spark.

Benzene:

An aromatic (C

). Often blended with

gasoline to improve anti-knock value. Benzene is
toxic and suspected of causing cancer.

Bi-Fueled:

A vehicle equipped to run on two fuels.

Blow-By:

Gases formed by the combustion of fuel

and air, which ordinarily should exert pressure
only against the piston crown and

ﬁrst compre

sion ring. When rings do not seal, these gases
escape or “blow by” the side of the piston into the
crankcase.

BTU:

British Thermal Unit. A measurement of the

amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of 1lb. of water 1 degree F.

Butane:

An odorless, colorless gas, C

found in

natural gas and petroleum. One of the

ﬁve LP

gases.

CAFE:

Corporate Average Fuel Economy.

CARB:

California Air Resources Board.

Carbon Monoxide (CO):

A chemical compound of

a highly toxic gas that is both odorless and color-
less.

Carburetor:

An apparatus for supplying an inter-

nal-combustion engine a mixture of vaporized fuel
and air.

Cathode Ray Tube:

A vacuum tube in which ca-

thode rays usually in the form of a slender beam
are projected on a

ﬂuorescent screen and pr

duce a luminous spot.

Circuit:

A path of conductors through which elec-

tricity

ﬂows.

Closed Loop Operation

: Applies to systems utiliz-

ing an oxygen sensor. In this mode of operation,
the system uses oxygen sensor information to de-
termine air/fuel ratio. Adjustments are made
accordingly and checked by comparing the new
oxygen sensor to previous signals. No stored in-
formation is used.

CNG:

Compressed Natural Gas.

CKP:

Crankshaft Position Sensor

CMP:

Camshaft Position Sensor

Conductor:

A material, normally metallic, that

permits easy passage of electricity.

Contaminants:

Impurities or foreign material

present in fuel.

Control Module:

One of several informal names

for a solid state microcomputer which monitors
engine conditions and controls certain engine
functions; i.e. air/fuel ratio, injection and ignition
time, etc. The formal name and the one used
throughout this manual is ECM, or Engine Control
Module.

Converter:

A LPG fuel system component contain-

ing varying stages of fuel pressure regulation
combined with a vaporizer.

Cryogen:

A refrigerant used to obtain very low

temperatures.

Current:

The volume or

ﬂow of electrons through a

conductor. Measured in amperes or amps.

DBW:

Drive By Wire

Dedicated Fuel System:

A motor fuel system de-

signed to operate on only one fuel type.

Diaphragm:

A thin,

ﬂexible membrane that sep

rates two chambers. When the pressure in one
chamber is lower than in the other chamber, the
diaphragm will move toward the side with the low
pressure.

Diaphragm Port:

The external port located at the

fuel inlet assembly and connected to the vacuum
chamber above the air valve diaphragm.

DLC:

Data Link Connector.

DTC:

Diagnostic Trouble Code

DST:

Diagnostic Scan Tool.

DVOM:

Digital Volt/ohm Meter

A meter that uses a