37
Instruction Manual
AFQm
Individual distortion rate (U
n
%
or
I
n
%)
: A ratio in % between the RMS value of the voltage
or harmonic current (Un or In) and the RMS value of the fundamental component (U
1
or I
1
).
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
𝑈𝑈
1
∗
100
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼
1
∗
100
𝑈𝑈
=
�𝑈𝑈
1
2
+
𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
=
�𝐼𝐼
1
2
+
𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝑈𝑈
)% =
�𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝑈𝑈
1
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)% =
�𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
1
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
=
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
−
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
(
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
) = [
𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹
ℎ
∗ 𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
∗ 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)]
𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
=
𝐼𝐼
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
𝑈𝑈
1
∗
100
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼
1
∗
100
𝑈𝑈
=
�𝑈𝑈
1
2
+
𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
=
�𝐼𝐼
1
2
+
𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝑈𝑈
)% =
�𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝑈𝑈
1
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)% =
�𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
1
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
=
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
−
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
(
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
) = [
𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹
ℎ
∗ 𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
∗ 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)]
𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
=
𝐼𝐼
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹
Equation 1:Individual distortion rate
True root mean square value (TRMS)
: The square root of the sum of the squares of all
components forming the wave.
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
𝑈𝑈
1
∗
100
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼
1
∗
100
𝑈𝑈
=
�𝑈𝑈
1
2
+
𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
=
�𝐼𝐼
1
2
+
𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝑈𝑈
)% =
�𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝑈𝑈
1
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)% =
�𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
1
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
=
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
−
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
(
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
) = [
𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹
ℎ
∗ 𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
∗ 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)]
𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
=
𝐼𝐼
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹
Equation 2:True root mean square value
Harmonic content
: The difference between the total voltage or current and the corresponding
fundamental value.
Harmonic distortion rate (THD)
: The ratio between the RMS value of the harmonic content
of the voltage and/or current and the value of the fundamental component.
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
𝑈𝑈
1
∗
100
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼
1
∗
100
𝑈𝑈
=
�𝑈𝑈
1
2
+
𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
=
�𝐼𝐼
1
2
+
𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝑈𝑈
)% =
�𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝑈𝑈
1
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)% =
�𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
1
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
=
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
−
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
(
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
) = [
𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹
ℎ
∗ 𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
∗ 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)]
𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
=
𝐼𝐼
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝑈𝑈
𝑛𝑛
𝑈𝑈
1
∗
100
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
% =
𝐼𝐼
𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼
1
∗
100
𝑈𝑈
=
�𝑈𝑈
1
2
+
𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
=
�𝐼𝐼
1
2
+
𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝑈𝑈
)% =
�𝑈𝑈
2
2
+
𝑈𝑈
3
2
+
𝑈𝑈
5
2
+
⋯
𝑈𝑈
1
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)% =
�𝐼𝐼
2
2
+
𝐼𝐼
3
2
+
𝐼𝐼
5
2
+
⋯
𝐼𝐼
1
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
=
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
−
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
(
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
) = [
𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹
ℎ
∗ 𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
∗ 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
(
𝐼𝐼
)]
𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
=
𝐼𝐼
𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
𝐼𝐼
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹
Equation 3:Harmonic distortion rate�
4�1�2�- MOST COMMON HARMONICS
Table 16
lists the most common harmonic generator loads and the wave shape of the current
they consume, as well as their harmonic spectrum.
Table 16: Most common harmonics�
Type of load
Wave shape
Harmonic spectrum
THD(I)
6-pulse converters
Variable speed drives
UPS
Three-phase rectifiers
Converters for electrolysis and baths
Discharge lamps
Single-phase converters
Lighting lines
Computer lines
Sound and image devices
Содержание AFQm Series
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