Mallinckrodt NELLCOR NPB-4000, Service Manual

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Section 14: Main Color Board Digital Theory of Operation
14-21
14.15.1 NIBP System Overview
The NPB-4000C Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) measurement and display
operations described in this section include the pneumatics of the inflatable cuff
and control valves, the specialized front end NIBP circuitry, some of the
µ
P
Memory and Control circuitry, some of the Power System, and specific switches
on the Keypad. The major blocks involved from the cuff to the microprocessor
are the pump, pressure transducers, control valves, digital control circuits, and
the analog detection circuits. The pump is mounted on the Power System
assembly and is driven by a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal from the
Digital Hardware section of the Main Board assembly. That signal is gated by
an enabling signal originating in the microprocessor of the section of the Main
Board. The pumped air is ducted through tubing and valves mounted on the
Main Board and made available at the front end connection to the cuff.
Principle of Measurement
Prior to making blood pressure measurements, the cuff is placed around the
arterial location of an upper arm (left or right). The NIBP measurement system
is initiated by commands responding to pressing the NIBP switch on the front
panel. The cuff is inflated at a rate controlled by the pump excitation current to
a pressure above diastolic, at which level the artery is effectively occluded.
Then, as the cuff pressure is reduced at constant rate, the pressure transducers
provide analog signals to the digital hardware where the are digitized and
processed to obtain systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values, as well
as the beat rate. The technique for translating the pressure signals into the
required measurements makes use of the action of the oscillatory characteristic
of the returning arterial pressure. The phenomenon is illustrated in the diagram
below.
See Figure 14-11. Systolic pressure is defined as the point at which oscillation
increases sharply. As the cuff deflates, oscillation amplitude increases to a
maximum, and then decreases. The point of peak oscillation amplitude is the
mean arterial pressure. The point at which oscillations cease is defined as the
diastolic pressure.
Figure 14-11: Oscillatory Characteristics Diagram