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44

UNDERSTANDING SWASHPLATE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Currently, there are several different types of control systems
available on the market. Although the mechanical methods for
transferring control to the swashplate vary, the different control
systems can be broken down into two categories: 1 Servo
(conventional) and CCPM (Cyclic/ Collective Pitch Mixing).

The following is an explanation of the two most popular types of
swashplate control.

1.  1 Servo Standard Swashplate Control

The 1 Servo Standard System is found in a wide variety of radio
controlled helicopters. The term “1 Servo” means that the control
system requires one servo to operate each separate swashplate
function. With this system, a total of three servos is required to
operate the three main swashplate functions, which are aileron
(roll), elevator (pitch), and collective functions. With this type of
control system, each servo works independently and is assigned
to a specific function. In other words, the aileron (roll) servo is
assigned to move only the aileron (roll) function, as is the 
elevator (pitch) servo, etc. Since these servos operate completely
independently of each other, the servo torque to each control
surface is limited to the maximum torque rating of the 
servos used.

The 1 Servo Standard System swashplate is designed so that the
lower swashplate ring control balls are spaced at 90° to each
other. This system is also most commonly arranged so that the
aileron (roll) axis of the swashplate is positioned at 90° to the
main mechanics of the helicopter, and the elevator (pitch) axis is
parallel to the mechanics. Please refer to the diagram at right 
for clarification.

With this type of system, it is necessary for the helicopter to be
designed using an intermediate mechanical mixing system so that
the control inputs can be transferred from the three independent
servos to the swashplate in such a manner that the three controls
can be achieved. This mechanical mixing system allows the
swashplate to both roll (aileron) and pitch (elevator), as well as
slide up and down the main rotor shaft for collective pitch inputs.
These mechanical mixing systems generally require the use of
many ball bearings and control rods to achieve this result.

2. 120 3-Servo CCPM Swashplate Mixing     

The JR 120° CCPM or Cyclic/Collective Pitch Mixing System offers
the user a control system that can accomplish the same control
inputs as the 1 Servo Standard System mentioned above, but with
increased precision and reduced complexity.

The JR CCPM System utilizes three servos for the three main
controls: aileron (roll), elevator(pitch) and collective. The CCPM
lower swashplate ring is designed with only three control balls,
spaced at 120° from each other, hence the 120° CCPM
designation. Although the control balls are not at 90° as in the
Standard System, the aileron (roll) axis is still parallel to the main
mechanics of the helicopter, and the elevator (pitch) axis still
functions at 90° to the mechanics as does the 1 Servo System.
Please refer to the diagram below for clarification.  

The main difference in the way that these two systems operate is
that unlike the 1 Servo System where the three servos work
completely independent from each other, the CCPM Systems work
as a team to achieve the same control inputs. For example, if an
aileron (roll) input is given, two servos work together to move the
swashplate left and right. If an elevator (pitch) input is given, all
three servos work together to move the swashplate fore and aft.
For collective, it’s also the strength of three servos that will move
the swashplate up and down the main rotor shaft. With two to
three servos working at the same time during any given control
input, servo torque is maximized and servo centering is also
increased. In addition to these benefits, CCPM achieves these
control responses without the need for complex mechanical
mixing systems that require many more control rods and parts 
to set up.

This amazing CCPM control is achieved through special CCPM
swashplate mixing that is preprogrammed into many of today’s
popular radio systems. Since the 120° CCPM function is
preprogrammed, CCPM is no more complicated to set up than a
conventional 1 Servo Standard System. When you factor in the
reduced parts count and easy programming, CCPM is actually
easier to set up and operate than many conventional systems.

For JR radio owners, please refer to the radio information
contained at the front of this manual or on the following page to
determine if your radio
system has the
CCPM function.
For other brands
of radio systems,
please contact the
radio manufacturer
for CCPM
information.
Please note that it
is not possible to
program a non-
CCPM radio
system for 
CCPM operation.

Elevator control ball is in
line with helicopter frame

Aileron Axis

Elevator Axis

Aileron control ball
is 90° to elevator
control ball and
helicopter frame

Standard “1 Servo” Swashplate System

Elevator Axis

Aileron Axis

JR 120° 3 Servo CCPM Control System

120°

JRP9012.46 Robinson R22 Manual  10/6/00  5:06 PM  Page 44

Summary of Contents for Robinson R22

Page 1: ...46 50 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ERGO SPECIFICATIONS Overall Length 46 25 Overall Height 16 50 Main Rotor Diameter 52 75 Tail Rotor Diameter 9 17 Gear Ratio 9 78 1 5 18 Gross Weight 7 0 7 5 lb...

Page 2: ...nstallation 26 5 6 Tail Fin Attachment 26 5 7 Tail Boom Carrier Installation 27 5 8 Tail Boom Assembly Installation 27 5 9 Tail Boom Brace Assembly 28 5 10 Tail Brace Body Mount Attachment 28 6 1 Serv...

Page 3: ...r and or spectator if not properly assembled and operated Horizon Hobby assumes no liability for damage that could occur from the assembly and or use misuse of this product AMA INFORMATION We strongly...

Page 4: ...vy Duty Main Blade Grips with 4 mm Blade Bolts Provide a solid and secure mounting surface to easily handle blade stresses Rearward Facing Engine Design Provides easy access to the glow plug for start...

Page 5: ...y Duty Servo Arms 3 Silicone Fuel Tubing Whip Antenna Fuel Filter Glow Plugs 2 Engine Requirements not included 3 Building Supplies not included The following items are needed to complete the assembly...

Page 6: ...cto Knife Metric Ruler Scissors 12 Volt Electric Starter 12 Volt Starting Battery 1 5 Volt Glow Plug Battery Remote Glow Plug Adaptor Helicopter Fuel 15 30 Pitch Gauge Fuel Pump Training Gear beginner...

Page 7: ...of the hardware screws nuts etc contained in the Robinson R22 SS kit are described in the following A B C manner C C C A B A A B B C 3 x 8 mm Socket Head Bolt Set Screw C A B C C A A A 2 x 8 mm Flat...

Page 8: ...Assembly Clutch Bell Assembly 1 pc 3 x 6 mm Socket Head Bolt 1 pc 3 mm Flat Washer 1 pc CLUTCH BELL START SHAFT ASSEMBLY 1 2 TAIL DRIVE PINION BEARING BLOCK ASSEMBLY Install the lower bearing block so...

Page 9: ...ng included to a length of 58 mm Next connect the fuel tank clunk nipple and medium silicone fuel tubing not included as shown above Fuel Tank Grommet 2 Insert the assembly into the fuel tank opening...

Page 10: ...ng Bearing side must face upward Note Install elevator arm assembly first Note Be sure to note the left and right upper main frame positions Bearing Flush with Flange 5 mm nylon washer Main frame stan...

Page 11: ...Assembly 3 x 8 mm Flat Washer Note Both the clutch bell start shaft assembly Step 1 1 and the tail drive pinion bearing block assembly Step 1 2 are temporarily installed at this time These assemblies...

Page 12: ...3 x 8 mm Socket Head Bolt 2 6 x 8 mm Self Tapping Screw Servo Mounting Plate 3 x 8 mm Socket Head Bolt 4 Lower Main Frame 3 mm Lock Nut 4 Lower Frame Angle 2 Main Frame Standoff 60 mm Main Frame Stan...

Page 13: ...ocketHead Bolt 2 6 x 8 mm Self Tapping Screw Cooling Fan Shroud 2 6 x 8 mm Self Tapping Screw 3 x 18 mm Set Screw 2 Body Mount Standoff 50 mm 2 Use Threadlock 3 x 10 mm Socket Head Bolt 6 Gyro Mountin...

Page 14: ...lt 16 12 5 mm Main Frame Spacer 14 Use blue Threadlock on all screws 32 mm Main Frame Standoff 12 5 mm Main Frame Spacer 3 x 22 mm Socket Head Bolt 16 pcs 14 pcs 6 pcs 3 mm Flat Washer 12 5 mm Guide S...

Page 15: ...is in place adjust the gear mesh of the clutch bell and tail belt pinion gears and secure the bolts left loose from Step 2 1 3 x 6 mm Socket Head Bolt 4 pcs Tighten equally to prevent warping of main...

Page 16: ...iston locking tool be used to properly secure the cooling fan assembly to the engine Nut supplied with engine Aluminum Cooling Fan Revolution 1003 Piston Locking Tool purchased separately MDS 48 heli...

Page 17: ...asher 4 2 mm Hex Nut Clutch Assembly 3 mm Flat Washer 2 3 x 5 mm Socket Head Bolt 2 2 x 8 mm Flat Head Screw Steel Joint Ball See Note Top Bottom Bottom Motor Mount Direction Thunder Tiger Motor Mount...

Page 18: ...e prior to installing the engine in the frame 3 mm Flat Washer 4 pcs 3 mm Flat Washer 4 3 x 8 mm Socket Head Bolt Pressure Fuel Line Attachment JR 46 Muffler Shown purchased separately JRP960079 Press...

Page 19: ...Flat Head Screw 3 x 6 mm Self Tapping Screw Use blue Threadlock Main Rotor Hub Flybar Limiter Use Threadlock 2 x 10 mm Flat Head Screw 1 pc Steel Joint Ball 1 pc 3 x 6 mm Self Tapping Screw 4 pcs Main...

Page 20: ...ut 2 3 x 5 mm Button Head Bolt 2 Seesaw Shaft Seesaw Spacer Steel 2 Use red Threadlock Seesaw Shaft Bushing 2 Nylon Washer 3 mm Flat Washers Nylon Washer 3 mm Flat Washer Mixing Arm Bushing Seesaw Mix...

Page 21: ...ttachment Swashplate Adjustment The 120 CCPM swashplate is adjustable via the three 4 x 4 mm set screws If excessive play is found in the test above gently tighten each of the three 4 mm set screws th...

Page 22: ...ert flybar bushings into the seesaw shaft before inserting flybar Check to make sure the 2 flybar control arms are parallel to the center line of the flybar Flybar Bushings 2 Use Threadlock Seesaw Sha...

Page 23: ...lybar until the threaded tip of the flybar protrudes approximately 4 mm Adjust each flybar paddle so they are parallel to the flybar control arms and to each other Secure to the flybar using two 3 mm...

Page 24: ...tput Shaft Bearing 2 pcs 3 x 12 mm Socket Head Bolt 4 pcs 2 6 mm Hex Nut 4 pcs Note Be sure to position the tail gear case onto the shorter slotted side of the tail boom Longer Helicopter Shorter Tail...

Page 25: ...Bolt 2 x 8 mm Socket Head Bolt Tail Blade Holder w o Ball inside 2 mm Hex Nut 3 mm Lock Nut Tail Rotor Blade Rotation Two Sets Required Tail Rotor Center Hub Tail Blade Holder Bearing 4 Tail Slide Ri...

Page 26: ...crew Steel Joint Ball Tail Pitch Control Lever Snap onto ball 2 mm Flat Washer 2 x 20 mm Socket Head Bolt 2 6 x 8 mm Self Tapping Screw 1 pc 3 x 12 mm Self Tapping Screw 1 pc 3 x 14 mm Self Tapping Sc...

Page 27: ...Slide the tail boom through the tail boom carrier and engage the tail drive belt over the front pulley Be certain to note the correct rotation direction shown below Set the belt tension per the direc...

Page 28: ...lat Washer 2 pcs 3 mm Plastic Spacer 2 pcs 6 mm Aluminum Spacer 2 pcs 21 mm Main Frame Standoff 2 pcs Note Do not completly tighten bolts until the tail braces have been test fitted as shown Position...

Page 29: ...tallation group these wires together as indicated using the small nylon wire ties and the nylon spiral tubing included with this kit 2 6 x 12 mm Self Tapping Screw 20 pcs 2 6 mm Flat Washer 20 pcs Ser...

Page 30: ...in body set Attach ball link to the tail pitch lever once the proper tail guide positions have been acheived Round Tail Rod Guide Remove guide from frame attach to rod re install Attach to the tail b...

Page 31: ...m then securing them to the model using double sided servo tape Note Nylon wire ties and double sided servo tape are not included in this kit Wrap with foam or sponge rubber individually before instal...

Page 32: ...o arms for this use If a control ball position other than the specified 20 mm is used this will create an adverse affect as to the travel of the swashplate as well as unwanted control differential and...

Page 33: ...Press the Up and Down keys simultaneously to exit the function mode XP652 1 With the radio power switch on press the Mode and Channel keys simultaneously to enter the function mode 2 Press the Mode k...

Page 34: ...en attaching control linkages B and C it will be necessary to rotate the link that attaches to the swashplate slightly so that it is parallel to the rear mounting surface of the ball link This will al...

Page 35: ...gh or low Once this left to right adjustment is completed it will now be necessary to check the fore aft position of the swashplate to insure that it is also level on this axis If the swashplate is no...

Page 36: ...correct If no rolling tendency is found it will now be necessary to repeat this procedure from the center collective stick position to full low pitch If no rolling tendency is found proceed to Step 7...

Page 37: ...collective has been increased to full high pitch This would indicate that the front servo s maximum travel is now more than that of the two rear servos left and right In this condition we would sugge...

Page 38: ...ail control rod guides smoothly before connecting it to the servo If resistance is felt rotate the tail control rod guides slightly until the control rod slides smoothly Tail Control Lever Position at...

Page 39: ...sure that the throttle trim is in the low position before attaching the servo horn 2 x 8 mm Flat Head Screw Steel Joint Ball 2 mm Hex Nut Servo Horn Use Threadlock Low Throttle High Throttle Servo Rev...

Page 40: ...e Remove 15 mm 10 mm Note Do not drill holes until rear body is fitted to model as the position of the holes can vary 241 4 Windowshield 2 3 x 8 mm Self Tapping Screw 5 Note It will be neccessary to t...

Page 41: ...clamp for proper body clearance Use Threadlock 3 mm Flat Washer 2 3 x 15 mm Socket Head Bolt 2 Standoffs 2 Rear Body Apply decals prior to final attachment Drill 2 1 8 holes after the rear body has b...

Page 42: ...42 Trim the dacal as shown for easier attachment...

Page 43: ...RVO1001 or bolt each of the two blades together through the blade mounting holes shown and suspend this unit between two drinking glasses Add blade tracking tape from decal sheet to the tip of the lig...

Page 44: ...as the 1 Servo Standard System mentioned above but with increased precision and reduced complexity The JR CCPM System utilizes three servos for the three main controls aileron roll elevator pitch and...

Page 45: ...wo times the distance of the two rear control ball position as measured from the center of the swashplate As mentioned this mixing of the three servos is also achieved through the radio s CCPM program...

Page 46: ...nels 1 2 and 4 by pressing the desired channel number The screen should appear as shown Press Enter to exit the Servo Reversing function D Access the Travel Adjust function code 12 and adjust the serv...

Page 47: ...Down keys simultaneously to enter the function mode Press the Up key until Swash Mix appears on the screen Once this has been completed it will be necessary to change the value of the Pitch function...

Page 48: ...CP6 Channel 6 Aux1 from 60 to 50 using the key D Press the Mode key until the servo reversing screen appears on the screen Next reverse the Throttle THR Aileron AIL and Rudder RUD channels by pressing...

Page 49: ...when you increase the collective pitch the pitch of the main blades actually decreases it will be necessary to access the CCPM function and change the travel value for this function from to or to This...

Page 50: ...gauge sold separately will be necessary for this procedure Prior to setting the main rotor blade pitch set the required blade pitch at 1 2 center stick Turn the system on and set the collective pitch...

Page 51: ...tor pitch gauge to the desired maximum pitch setting then increase or decrease the CCPM pitch travel labeled Pitch or Ch6 as needed until this pitch setting is achieved Once this procedure has been co...

Page 52: ...this turn the radio system on and suspend the helicopter by the main rotor head Next move the rudder stick to the right and watch the direction that the tail rotor servo arm travels Now while watchin...

Page 53: ...of track with one another can cause vibration instability and a loss of power due to additional drag On the initial flight it will be necessary to increase the blade speed to just before lift off rpm...

Page 54: ...flight for approximately the first 6 to 10 flights 4 Check Ball Link Wear Check to insure that all universal links fit freely but securely to the control balls If there is excessive play noted replac...

Page 55: ...tch 5 Pitch 10 Pitch 5 Pitch 5 Pitch 8 5 Pitch 5 Pitch 5 Pitch 13 Pitch DUAL RATE EXP D R SW GEAR SW REVO MIX RV HOLD RUDD OFFSET OFFSET HLD UP U DOWN D THRO HOLD HLD ON OF PROG MIX A CHANNEL MASTER S...

Page 56: ...PROGRAM MIX THROTTLE CURVE PITCH CURVE THRO HOLD INH ACT THRO HOLD INH ACT CHANNEL SW EXP L 1 2 3 H MIX1 OFF ON MIX2 OFF ON POS POS OFFSET MIX3 REVERSE SW SUB TRIM TRAVEL ADJUST FAIL SAFE SPCM THRO AI...

Page 57: ...4 1 MIX 41 INH AUX 3 AUTO 0 1 2 NR S1 S2 S3 S4 HD INV GYRO SENS 44 FUNCTION SELECT 16 CHANNEL TRIM SW OFFSET GAIN GAIN MASTER SLAVE INH OFF NR S1 S2 S3 S4 1 ACT ON HD AX2 GER INH OFF NR S1 S2 S3 S4 2...

Page 58: ...TCH CURVE 68 P TRIM CENTER HOV P CENTER TRIM OFFSET HV T HV P LO P HI P AILE ELEV RUDD 82 N RIGHT LEFT UP DN HOV POS L 1 2 3 4 5 6 H 1 NOR IN 0 100 ORG OUT 2 NOR IN 0 100 ORG OUT 3 NOR IN 0 100 ORG OU...

Page 59: ...LD 16 INH AUX 3 AUTO 0 1 2 NR S1 S2 S3 S4 HD 0 1 1 GYRO SENS 44 FUNCTION SELECT 17 CHANNEL TRIM SW OFFSET GAIN GAIN MASTER SLAVE INH OFF NR S1 S2 S3 S4 1 ACT ON HD AX2 GER INH OFF NR S1 S2 S3 S4 2 ACT...

Page 60: ...S4 AX2 Rudder Throttle 4 1 MIX 41 R 25 L 25 MODE SELECTION NR S1 S2 S3 S4 AX2 Aileron Throttle 2 1 MIX 41 U 25 D 25 MODE SELECTION NR S1 S2 S3 S4 AX2 Elevator Throttle 3 1 MIX 41 EXP L 1 2 3 4 5 6 H...

Page 61: ...0040 970002 960070 970029 960068 960064 980044 970004 960069 970006 970013 980049 980036 980017 980013 980012 960062 960436 960066 960067 960065 980004 970004 980044 970001 970006 960060 980030 980039...

Page 62: ...70004 Universal Ball Links 10 JRP970006 Double Link 4 JRP970013 Mixing Arm Bushing 2 JRP970029 Seesaw Spacer Collar 2 JRP970090 Blade Holder Spacer A 2 JRP970095 Double Link Long 1 JRP970110 Bearing S...

Page 63: ...37 960079 optional 980021 980094 980036 980013 980036 980013 980036 960018 981006 970009 980036 980036 980012 980012 980094 980036 960003 960157 980004 960005 960004 981005 980036 980013 981025 970007...

Page 64: ...crews 10 JRP970004 Universal Ball Link 10 JRP970007 Clutch Lining 1 JRP970009 Tail Drive Pinion w Shaft 1 1 3 x 6 mm Socket Head Bolt 1 3 mm Flat Washer JRP970083 Pressure Tap 1 JRP980004 Set Screws 4...

Page 65: ...70012 970095 970011 970002 960009 960013 960425 980121 970002 980037 980037 980037 970004 970004 980053 980014 980049 970004 980045 960022 970185 980036 980039 960434 970016 970002 960452 980027 98003...

Page 66: ...t Link 2 2 Washout Link Pins JRP970011 Washout Arm Complete 2 JRP970012 Washout Arm Bushing 2 JRP970016 Elevator Arm Bushing 2 JRP970095 Double Link Long 1 JRP970104 Servo Mounting Plate 1 JRP970184 B...

Page 67: ...80039 980039 980004 980013 980014 980013 980013 980019 980019 970024 960450 970020 970024 970024 970024 960017 980019 970020 980036 970203 980036 960483 980014 960483 982147 982145 982146 980025 97019...

Page 68: ...Clip JRP970008 Main Shaft Collar 1 4 4 x 4 mm Set Screws JRP970020 Main Frame Standoff 32 mm 2 JRP970024 Main Frame Spacer 12 5 mm 6 JRP970077 Main Rotor Shaft Bolts 10 JRP970192 Body Mount Standoff...

Page 69: ...960027 980014 960026 960484 980002 960010 970021 980039 980039 970226 960040 980014 980013 970025 980026 960027 960293 980012 970106 982149 960629 970023 960630 960629 960034 980026 69 LOWER MAIN FRA...

Page 70: ...allation Rubbers 1 Silicone Fuel Tubing 1 Fuel Clunk JRP960336 Tank Mounting Rubber 2 JRP960484 Lower Main Frame 2 JRP960629 Landing Gear Hardware Complete Set JRP960630 Landing Struts 2 4 3 x 4 mm Se...

Page 71: ...980078 960187 981004 980034 980089 960529 980029 960050 980128 50 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS ERGO SPECIFICATIONS Overall Length 46 25 Overall Height 16 5 Main Rotor Diameter 52 75 Tail Rotor Diameter 9 17...

Page 72: ...ts 4 2 x 8 mm Socket Head Bolts 2 3 mm Lock Nuts 4 2 mm Hex Nuts JRP960529 Tail Case Set L R 1 4 2 6 x 12 mm Socket Head Bolts 4 2 6 mm Hex Nuts 1 3 x 10 mm Socket Head Bolt JRP970001 Steel Joint Ball...

Page 73: ...970004 960044 980009 983012 983046 980024 980016 980039 980022 960047 980024 960293 970214 960519 980039 980014 980015 960315 983034 73 TAIL BOOM TAIL BOOM CARRIER ASSEMBLY...

Page 74: ...8 mm Self Tapping Screws 1 3 x 10 mm Socket Head Bolt JRP960315 Tail Cover Mounting Rubber 1 JRP960519 Tail Brace Clean Up 1 Complete w Hardware JRP970004 Universal Ball Link 10 JRP970214 Main Frame...

Page 75: ...75 NOTE...

Page 76: ...2000 Horizon Hobby Inc Distributed exclusively by Horizon Hobby Inc www horizonhobby com...

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